Emerstari

New Federal Republic of Emerstari Niy Foderepublik Emerige (Emerstarian)
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto: "Ervinner Hønnera åg Frihet" "Eternal Honor and Liberty"
Anthem: "Ervinner Rikett" "The Eternal Nation" Royal anthem: "Kuingettssjung" "The King's Song
Location of Emerstari (dark green) – in Arda en' Estel (green & dark grey) – in the Emerstarian Empire (green)
Emerstari 17 states and capital district
Capital	Coronet • Rensulier
Largest city	Yoerk
Official languages	Emerstarian
Recognised regional languages	Canarian, Coelanish, Norrsprak
Demonym(s)	Emerstarian • Emer
Government	Federal Crowned Presidential
• President	Eric J. Jaems (FP)
• Monarch	Eric XII Georg
• Vice President	Eugen Allenssen
• Chief Justice	John Terry
Legislature	Foderal Kongress
• Upper house	Foderal Samdet • Hus av Herrer
• Lower house	Foderal Hus av Folk
History
• First Emerstarian Empire Established	329 BC
• First Emerstarian Empire Collapsed	AD 422
• Kingdom of Emerstari Established	AD 1047
• Eurevian Rebirth began in Emerstari	AD 1444
• Republic Established	AD 1756
Area
• Total	1,872,819.35 km2 (723,099.59 sq mi)
• Water (%)	10.1
Population
• 2018 estimate	203,125,000
• 2015 census	203,050,731
• Density	108.42/km2 (280.8/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$15,541 trillion
• Per capita	$76,509.54
HDI (2015)	0.949 very high
Currency	Shilling (Ṩ) (SHI)
Time zone	Western Scanian Time
Date format	dd ˘ mm ˘ yyyy
Driving side	right
Internet TLD	.em

Emerstari (Emerstarian: Emerige [ˈɛmərjɛ]), officially the New Federal Republic of Emerstari (Emerstarian: Niy Foderepublik Emerige), is a sovereign state in the Scanian Peninsula in the western continent of Arda en' Estel. The country is bordered to the west by Coelans, and to the south by Canaria and Roele. Emerstari has dual capitals, Coronet and Rensulier whilst the nation's largest city and main commercial center is Yoerk. Emerstari has a population of 203 million and a land area of 1,872,819.35 km² (1,163,715.99 mi²), making it one of the largest nations in Arda en' Estel. It was a founding member of both the Venson Union, Estelian Council, and North Scanian League; thus, today it remains a leading economic and political power within the region as well as the world.

Most historians agree upon the fact that the earliest inhabitants of Emerstari entered what is, in modern-day, the Emerstarian state, Valparaiso, approximately 16,000 years ago. These settlers were a nomadic hunter-gatherer group known as the Norrnybyrrerer (Emerstarian: Northern Settler). Most of modern-day Emerstari was part of the Kingdom of Corønsk in the 700s BC and then eventually, in the 300s BC, it evolved into the First Emerstarian Empire. The Emerstarian Empire collapsed into numerous kingdoms in AD 422; however, the Emerstarian homeland was reunited as the Kingdom of Emerstari in 1047. Since the Age of Discovery, Emerstari has had a significant cultural impact on the world due to its many colonies and strong monarchical dynasty. The Industrial Revolution commenced in the Federal Republic of Emerstari in the 1760s transforming it into one of the earliest industrialized nations.

The current President of Emerstari is Eric Jeffery Jaems, who was inaugurated on January 16, 2018, for a second term. The current monarch is Eric XII Georg who ascended to the throne following his father's abdication on July 7, 1994. Emerstari is a federal crowned republic with a presidential system; there are seventeen states. The Foderal Kongress is a tricameral legislative organ with its three houses being the Foderal Samdet, Foderal Hus av Folk, and the Hus av Herrer. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Emerstari. The Supreme Court has seven judges who serve for life; they are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Foderal Samdet.

The terrain of Emerstari in its western half is chiefly low hills and plains; in the north, there are many highlands and fjords; its east is mostly forested whilst its south has copious bodies of water. Climate zones in Emerstari include oceanic, subarctic, humid-continental, and tundra climate zones.

Etymology

The name Emerstari was loaned from the Marseilian word Emersterre in the 17th century. Before this, English used Emerland. While the Emerstarian name Emerige literally means "realm of the Emers," it is debated whether this word derives from Emer and rike (which is the more common interpretation) or if it derives from Emer and ige, which in Old Emerstarian was a form of the suffix ien meaning land.

Variations of the name Emerstari are used in most languages, with exceptions of Coelanish, Jermanskan, and Svergian using Emerige, Halleran Emersland, and Øarnslandic Emíriki. Other notable exceptions include some of the Kolgrik languages where Eruortsi (Soumian) and Eruorški (Bohymish) are used. In the Elbaichish languages, Kualainn is used.

The etymology of Emers, and thus Emerstari, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Scanian emernaskyr meaning our tribe referring to one's own Scanian tribe.

History

Early History

Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras

Most archaeological finds suggest that the earliest tribes of Homo Sapiens entered what is today western Emerstari approximately 16,500 years ago from more southern regions of Scania and furthermore Eurevia. The settlers were nomadic hunter-gatherers known today as the Norrnybyrrerer Culture (Northern Settlers in Emerstarian). Evidence indicates that the Norrnybyrrerer lived in lavvus and followed the herds of reindeer that grazed on the tundra plains of this area. At this point, there was little plant cover, except for an occasional white birch three; however, slowly taigas appeared. Cave art discovered in nearby mountains reveal that during the winter months, the Norrnybyrrerer would dwell there for the season.

Petroglyphs from Emerstari dating to about 12,000 years ago

Further discoveries, ones of burial mounds, have found that the Norrnybyrrerer lived in bands of no more than a few dozens. Moreover, artifacts that date to the era insinuate that typically an assemblage of Chieftains governed each tribe. They mostly led religious ceremonies and also made important decisions regarding their band. Historians believe that the Norrnybyrrerer worshipped a single deity, Hugerskaptor (Higher Creator in Emerstarian). According to documents from much later – though from a time when Hugerskaptor was still worshipped – 271 BC, the Ancient Emerstarians believed that Hugerskaptor was a benevalent deity who had created the Earth, sun, moon, and all other things that existed for his children, humans and animals.

Around 13,400 BC, during a warming period, the Norrnybyrrerer began hunting more substantial game such as bison (although today, the Scanian Bison’s population in Emerstari is minuscule). The Norrnybyrrerer also soon began to spread eastward as well as southwards at this time, though still retained their nomadic lifestyle; historians enumerate that as many as 20,000 people may have lived in what is modern-day Emerstari at this point. Historians also believe that it was during this epoch, that the peoples of Emerstari domesticated the dog.

Local climate changes around 10,000 BC initiated the first settling of the northern reaches of Emerstari as well as the initiation of the Boreal age; for the next 2,000 years, the aforementioned climatic phase reigned in Emerstari. In the 7th millennium BC, the climate in Emerstari and furthermore all of Scania, was warming as it transitioned from the Boreal age to the Sjoska period. The animals and their hunters and already migrated and inhabited the lands of northern Emerstari. To the south, the Haansta Culture had diverged from the Norrnybyrrerer and made their own religion, as well. Their religion, as opposed to Emejrstru – the faith of the Norrnybyrrerer – was polytheistic religion with around 50 gods. In southern Emerstari, the Haansta Culture lived in seasonal camps along the shores and close to forests whereas in the north, the Norrnybyrrerer would follow herds of game and the salmon runs; during winter, the Norrnybyrrerer would migrate south, then travel north again during summer.

Comb found in Halsted, Emerstari

In the 6th millennium BC, Scania was generally warmer and more humid than it is today and its southern regions were blanketed in lush temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. Animals such as aurochs, bison, moose, and red deer roamed freely and were preyed upon by both the Haansta and Norrnybyrrere Cultures. At this point, another group split from the Norrnybyrrerer and traveled north to the modern-day Haller Islands; this people became the Oarner Culture. By the end of this millennium, sea levels rose and created a further divide between the Norrnybyrrere and the Oarner Cultures.

In the 5th millennium BC, the peoples of Emerstari learned pottery from neighboring tribes to the south and southwest, who had begun to cultivate land and keep animals. Around 4,000 BC, a new culture appeared in Emerstari; however, this group had not separated from one of the others, rather, it migrated to Emerstari from what is present-day Rhenland. They introduced new technology, but not agriculture; this people is known as the Cønjaskflod Culture due to their settlement along the Cønjaskflod.

The language of these groups is not known; however, at this time, a new family of languages was introduced all across Scania. In Emerstari, a dialect of this family, Proto-Scanian, was being spoken. Evidence from this period shows that circa 3,000 BC, the Emerstarian peoples began to domesticate cattle. The earliest ancestor to the term Emerstarian developed during this period: emfjokkare, which means herder.

Settlements in the Emerstarian Bronze Age consisted mainly of single farmsteads, with no substantial towns or villages known; these farmsteads usually consisted of a longhouse as well as a four-post build structures around it. These longhouses were originally two-aisled, but after about 1300 BC, three-aisled longhouses became normal. Usually, these settlements were by the sea.

Soon, these modest farmsteads evolved into small villages; the inhabitants of these villages farmed wheat, millet, and barley; the Emerstarians kept cattle, sheep, and pigs; they ate deer, elk, and fish as well. Evidence of oven being used as draught animals has been found and domesticated dogs were common; horses, at this point, were rarer and are believed to have been status symbols.

Although, rock carvings from this era are copious, written language did not exist in Emerstari at this point. The carvings have been dated through comparison with depicted artifacts, for example, bronze axes and swords; there are numerous rock carvings from even earlier that have been found, but those mostly portray elk and other animals. Thousands of rock carvings from this era also depicts ships and large stone burial monuments known as stone ships.

Pottery from the old Kingdom of Flodlanda

The oldest known written document in Emerstari is dated to be from circa 1050 BC; it is a treaty between two Norrnybyrreresk tribes known as the Buktfolker and the Slættfolker establishing the first city-state in Emerstari. Gradually, more and more city-states appeared; these sovereignties were commonly led by kings who acted as religious leaders, although, there existed some elements of direct democracy as well. The establishment of these states also brought forth the first wars in Emerstarian history. A war between two alliances of city-states in southwestern Emerstari called the Valley War, which occurred sometime between 1010 BC and 990 BC, was the first of these to be documented. Additionally, a climatic change coincided with the founding of city-states; Emerstari’s climate at this point was colder and wetter than it had been during the Neolithic Era.

Progressively, each of these city-states expanded their own territory while absorbing the others; by 791 BC, most of what is modern-day Emerstari was either controlled by the Kingdom of Flodlanda, the Kingdom of Corønskien, and the Kingdom of Kostlanda. The Kingdoms of Flodlanda and Corønskien both followed the religion of Emejrstru whilst the people of Kostlanda practiced a polytheistic religion derived from that of the Haansta Culture. This religious divide caused tension between the monotheists and polytheists of Emerstari; in 756 BC, the Kingdom of Kostlanda was annexed by the Kingdom of Corønskien. Under Corønskien rule, many of the Kostlandsk pagans fled to the more rural regions of the southwest.

Emerstarian Empire

In 756 BC, Emerstari was now divided between the two aforementioned kingdoms; however, in the following years, the King of Corønskien began a campaign to conquer the northernmost kingdom – Flodlanda. Records date that in 748 BC, the King of Corønskien reigned over all of present-day Emerstari including the Haller Islands; most historians agree to recognize him as Afelharð Sigardsson; the Kings of Corønskien are believed to have been elected by an assembly of Sjæmlengra – representatives from various areas of the kingdom – to serve for life.

Although Corønskien had been the most technologically advanced of all the Emerstarian kingdoms, foreign kingdoms to the south and southwest were more advanced and the Kingdom of Guillia, in particular, is known to have seen the growing Emerstarian nation as a threat. In 729 BC, Guilla invaded Corønskien; however, the Corønskra prevailed. According to sources from the 400s BC, no Guillian army made it past the Renauska River in western Emerstari – though most historians believe this to be an exaggeration as it was written by Emerstarians nearly three centuries after the fact. Regardless, it is known that after two years of a defensive campaign, several armies led by King Ælþrich Aggnarsson marched into the northern reaches of Guillia (in the southwestern regions of present-day Coelansk) and conquered numerous cities; experts believe that the Coelansk natives may have aided Aggnarsson in his takeover of the region as they were more culturally, religiously, linguistically, and ethnically similar to the Corønskra than to the Guillians.

For several centuries, the Kingdom of Corønskien gradually expanded its borders westward – this is because to the south were Clemencian cultures whereas to the west were Scanian cultures, which the Corønskra were a part of. In 329 BC when King Harðild Hroudnersson’s armies reached Lake Walchensee in modern-day Saexia, he claimed the title of Kaisaraz (by this point in time, the peoples of modern-day Emerstari were speaking what is today known as Proto-Old North Scanian) and initiated several governmental reforms upon his return to Corønskburg (modern Coronet). Records from the successor to the Kingdom of Guilla, the Empire of Marsie, document that Hrodunersson founded the Emerstarian Empire in 328 BC; however, most things did not change. For example, the Sjæmlengra Assembly remained and the method of electing the Kings did not change for the Kaisaraz.

Kaisaraz Finner Einarrsson

Around AD 54, Christian explorers from a region unknown to the Emerstarians arrived and the religion began to spread in what is northern and central Emerstari in modern-day. It was in AD 67, that Kaisaraz Finnr Einarrsson converted to Christianity and made it the state religion as opposed to Emejrstru. Christianity, in the following decades, did spread throughout most of the empire; however, pagan religions persisted in the southeast and far north of Emerstari as well as in the western reaches of the Emerstarian Empire.

In AD 78, the Emerstarian Empire was at its territorial height; however, the religious divide caused a civil war and copious western provinces seceded. The Scanian Religious Wars, as it is now regarded lasted until AD 72; fearing Emerstari’s neighbors such as the Empire of Marsie and the Kingdom of Magyarna might invade, Kaisaraz Uldrich Regenhardsson commissioned the construction of numerous walls and forts. Some of these fortifications like the Wall of Cori and the Finska Wall still exist while some of the forts evolved into modern-day cities like Leipze and Bernharde. Circa AD 100, Proto-North Scanian evolved into Old North Scanian; this language was spoken across much of the northern empire whereas Old South Scanian and Old East Scanian was spoken in the southern half.

After an epoch known as the Frids’ Alder – or the Age of Peace – that lasted from AD 170 to AD 240, where there was great economic prosperity in the Emerstarian Empire, Kaisaraz Ældrað Ragnersson initiated a struggle in attempt keep the Kaisarazship within his family. Ultimately, he failed, and a twelve-year-long civil war began; Ragnersson died during the Battle of Vasterflod – near the land which the modern-day Vasterflodmilitærakadami is located upon. Most historians agree that this civil war, Ragnersson’s War as it is called today, began the Declination of the Emerstarian Empire.

Many Sjæmlengra feared others would attempt to consolidate power, as well, and for thirty-three years, 256 to 289, the Emerstarian Empire became a Republic led by a Hogsjæmlengor; however, in 289 after years of ineffective and weak leadership, as well as inflation, the empire was restored by General Konrad Agmundrsson relatively peacefully.

The body of Folki Bjornsson as painted by Lorens Jenssen in 1867

In AD 422, Kaisaraz Inge Hrœkarrsson died only two months into his reign – the cause is still unknown to this day but historians assume he was poisoned – and the Sjæmlengrasjæmleng selected five new nominees for the office in May of 422. By August, one of those five nominees, Folki Bjornsson, was selected; however, at his coronation, a group of assassins hired by one of the other nominees stabbed him twenty-two times. His death marked the end of the Emerstarian Empire as it caused copious generals, Sjæmlengra, and other individuals of power to fight amongst each other and divide the empire.

Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages

Helmet of the Vikingra from circa AD 600

By 430, what is now Emerstari was divided into fourteen different kingdoms; the most powerful ones of which was the Kingdom of Yœrk and the Kingdom of Corønska – the latter claiming to be successor to the old Kingdom of Corønskien and the Emerstarian Empire. While most of northern Emerstari, the Christians of Emerstari, mourned the dissolution of the Emerstarian Empire, the pagans of the south were now free of religious persecution. Traders and raiders from the pagan southern Emerstari, known as Vikingra, sailed in longboats, raiding the coasts the north as well as the coasts copious other modern-day countries in both Eurevia and Eastern Arda; some even settled in the regions they raided.

Helemt of the Vikingra from circa AD 800

For the next several centuries, the northern kingdoms were in a quasi-war state with the southern kingdoms and vice-versa; although, they also warred against one another occasionally. In AD 523, war broke out between the Kingdom of Yœrk and an alliance of all the southern kingdoms resulting in its annexation and furthermore, persecution of its Christian population. Therefore, in 528, the Kingdom of Corønska and Kingdom of Otopien declared war to reclaim Yœrk for Christianity; however, upon the war’s end, the King of Otopien – Eysteinn Eirikrsson – claimed all of Yœrk for himself. This action resulted in the Kingdom of Corønska alongside an alliance of all the northern kingdoms threatened war in an attempt to keep the balance of power. A group of nobles within the Kingdom of Otopien then overthrew Eirikrsson, killing him, and then ceding Yœrk to its former king’s son in 541.

In 821, the King of Cojarnien converted to Christianity and forced all pagans in Cojarnien to convert; those who did not, were either killed or exiled to the last remaining pagan kingdom in Emerstari, the Kingdom of Ontarji. His conversion is also recognized by historians as the end of the Emerstarian Vikingr Age as Ontarji had no access to the sea.

It was in 872 that King Lograd Iðunnsson of Ontarji finally converted; throughout the subsequent decades, all of Emerstari was gradually converted to Christianity – Catholicism, in particular. Meanwhile, in the north, the Kingdom of Marlanda was launching campaigns across the Norrkanal to conquer the Kingdom of Haller; by 900, all of the Haller Islands had been annexed by Marlanda.

In 938, the Kingdom of Corønska began to attack and conquer the kingdoms of the north; in 946, the Kingdom of Marlanda-Haller fell and in 950, the Kingdom of Valperæsien. In 1011, the King of Whentii died under mysterious circumstances – although most historians concur that he died of a heart attack – and due to a dynastic marriage, Whentii was absorbed into Corønska. On December 12th of 1036, Eirikr IV of Corønska was crowned king; he was distantly related to a family that during the time of the Emerstarian Empire held several seats in the Sjæmlengrasjæmleng and been Kaisaraz at least once. With this claim, Eirikr IV renamed Corønska, Emerstari, and demanded all remaining kingdoms of Emerstari become subject to him. Only a single King became a vassal of Eirikr, Sigurð of Verni.

Eric I of Emerstari

Eirikr IV began his march to the Kingdom of Ontarji on March 27th; according to monks from the period, with him, Eirikr had nearly 4,000 fyrd, 2,500 housecarls, and 2,000 knights. Eleven-years-later, in Spring of 1047, King Gudtvan of Otopien was supposedly killed by an arrow piercing his skull; upon his death, Eirikr conquered the rest of Otopien and returned to Coronet where he was crowned Eirikr I, Kuing Emerstari on December 25th, 1047. He also established the House of Eirikr, or today is known as the House of Eric, which has been the Royal House of Emerstari several times through history as well as in modern-day.

High Middle Ages

In 1146, the House of Eric’s rule ceased when Charles I – the King who established relations with Rolech, who would become one of Emerstari’s closest allies – died without a son and thus his nephew, of House Sigfredsson – Harald I – became King of Emerstari.

Most experts in the field of linguistics are in agreement that the Old Emerstarian – Eldskemersk – split from Old North Scanian; Old Emerstarian, the direct ancestor to modern Emerstari, was a continuum of dialects across the kingdom; however, the Corønsk Dialect was the one of the ruling class. Today, too, Emerstarian has many dialects; although, in modern-day it is much more standardized than it was in the 1200s.

It was in the 1200s that two major wars in Emerstarian history occurred; the 50 Years’ War that began in 1212 and the Imperial-Polsky War that began in 1291. The 50 Years’ War began due to a dynastic marriage between Emerstari and Marseile; the Kings of both nations claimed right to the throne of Roele. Ultimately, Roele was subjugated by Marseile into a personal union and there was a brief truce in 1231; however, war sparked again when King Karl II of Emerstari had ambitions to reclaim land that had once been part of the Emerstarian Empire but now was part of Marseile – the Duchy of Mailes. Emerstari, allied with Canaria, eventually conquered Mailes and the war mostly settled down; however, a treaty was not signed until twenty-seven-years-later in 1262.

Late Middle Ages

In 1291, the Duchy of Polszcyznie declared war on the Holy Scanian Empire (a confederation of duchies in Central Scania that lasted from 821 until 1827); the current Royal House of Emerstari had had a dynastic alliance with the current Emperor of the Holy Scanian Empire and therefore was requested to help them defend the westernmost duchies from Polszcyznie. In 1293, the war ended with the Treaty of Lodz; there were no notable gains on either side during the war.

Circa 1355, a plague broke out in Nuova Toscana via returning merchants; by 1357, the disease had spread all across Emerstari. Estimates from the University of Rensulier determine that nearly 50% of the Emerstarian population, or 3,700,000 people died during the plague. It lasted until a blizzard in 1359 where the cold killed off many of the bugs and rodents that were spreading it.

Roughly forty-years after the plague, in the 1390s, due to historical marriages between each nation’s royal families, the Kingdom Coelansk and the Kingdom of Sverig – along with its vassal, the Duchy of Soumland – entered into a person union with Emerstari. In 1421, however, the personal union between Emerstari, Coelansk, and Sverig ended when Emerstari’s Royal House, the House of Caans, was replaced by the short-lived House of Aldburg. Unprepared for a war, King Wilhelm II did not attempt to force Coelansk and Sverig to remain in the union and thus contributed to his unpopularity.

Early Modern Era

Eurevian Rebirth

Georg I in Ynnesborg, 1440

Then in 1438, Wilhelm II’s equally unpopular son, Christian I, died of an isolated break out of the aforementioned plague near Caans Castle – a castle he visited shortly before his death. Upon his death, eleven people claimed Emerstari’s throne: King Louis XIII of Marseile, King Hans II of Coelansk, Emperor Frederich III of Herzogne were foreigners who claimed the throne; the brother of King Louis XIII – Duke Charles of Brodeur – had claimed the throne, as well, but being a vassal of the King of Marseile, he was not able to act oppose him. Duke of Upplanda, Georg Lorenssen, a member of the House of Eric claimed the throne, as did seven others.

In 1439, the War of Emerstarian Succession began and it lasted for five years until Georg, Duke of Upplanda, was crowned Georg I of Emerstari and restored the House of Eric for the first time; from 1442 to 1444, the War of the Leagues coincided with the War of Emerstarian Succession. The former began when Protestantism began to spread across Scania. In 1444, twenty-three-year-old Georg I made Lutheranism the state religion of Emerstari, he also established a legislative organ consisting of the Hus av Herrer (House of Lords) and the Hus av Folk (House of Commons/the People); in addition, he established Emerstari’s colonial empire with the subjection of Islanda in 1450, composed the first Emerstarian constitution, and formally made both the cities of Coronet and Rensulier Emerstari’s capitals. Georg I reigned until his death in 1507. Historians also contribute the end of feudalism, and beginning of the Eurevian Rebirth, in Emerstari to Georg I. By this time, Old Emerstarian had evolved into Middle Emerstarian; subsequent to this evolution in language, many Emerstarians stopped the practice of patronymic surnames and instead took the surname of either their father or spouse.

In 1504, Emerstari became the first nation in Arda en’ Estel to colonize land outside of the region; Baron Christoffer Lorens Ljundstrom landed in Durradon, in the region of Markion, and then in Kophavien -- an island which Emerstari would colonize – during his first journey. In a later journey, he landed eastern Arasland in the present-day Green Union where Emerstari would also establish a colony. The Arasland colony ultimately failed because global temperatures fell in the early 1500s and it became unprofitable for the Emerstarians to sustain; however, relics of the colony still prevail such as the existence of an Emerstarian-based language as well as the existence of Lutheranism there.

Christoffer Lorens Ljundstrom circa 1493

By 1550, Emerstari held nearly 25 colonies; throughout its history, the Emerskvalde would hold 67 colonies. In all of the 1500s, Emerstari fought several significant wars such as the Second and Third War of the Leagues – additional wars between the Catholics and Protestants of Scania – as well as the War of Soumland where the Kingdom of Soumland became a vassal of Emerstari – the vassalage ended briefly, however, in the 1650s and ended permanently in 1707.

In the year 1617, the great-great-grandson of Georg I, Gustaf II died and the throne was passed to his seventeen-year-old son, Gustaf III, who died only two months into his reign. According to laws regarding heirship at the time, the throne should have gone to Gustaf II’s second son; however, Gustaf III’s wife, Queen Katarina I, claimed the throne and sent Gustaf III’s young brother to be raised by a relative, the Duke of Whentii. She had done this as the extinction of the House of Eric would be met with much backlash. Katarina I’s reign faced numerous rebellions, all of which were put down; she was the third queen Emerstari had had at this point and one of only six queens in Emerstari’s history.

Katarina’s reign was characterized be turmoil, ending the Valståndes’ Alder that had begun during Georg I’s reign; she had no rightful heir and thus the throne went to uncle of Gustaf II’s grandchild, Karl Frederik Leijonhjarta. Karl IV was a direct descendant of Duke Donner Leijonhjarta who was a close friend of Georg I and was his Chief Lieutenant. Around this time, is also when Middle Emerstarian evolved into Modern Emerstarian; much of Regemersk – Standard Emerstarian – is based upon the Emerstarian translation of the Bible.

Enlightenment and Golden Age

Olaf III of Emerstari

In 1723, Eric of Rensulier, the great-great-great-grandson of Gustaf II – thus a member of the House of Eric – married the only child of Olaf III – a member of the House of Leijonhjarta – and upon Olaf’s death, restored the reign of the House of Eric. His son, Eric IX of Emerstari who reigned from 1749 to 1761 would become the first President of the Federal Republic of Emerstari.

In 1749, an entente of nobles who opposed Eric IX’s liberal policies raised several armies and attempted to secede; this war is, today, known as the Republicans’ War. While each side was supported by foreign powers, the fighting was purely between the Conservatives and Republicans as well as briefly a Marseilian Nationalist group in Mailes; however, the Duchy of Mailes remained Emerstarian. On September 4th, 1756, the Treaty of Frederiksburg was signed with the defeat of the Conservatives.

It was in 1756 that the Emerstarian constitution was redrafted into the Union Papers of Emerstari and the Kingdom of Emerstari transitioned into the Federal Republic of Emerstari; although many things remained the same in the government, a third chamber was added to the Foderal Kongress: the Samdet. King Eric IX served two terms as the first President of Emerstari, but he lost reelection for a third term. The Industrial Revolution had also begun in Emerstari around this time.

The Duke of Upplanda, Eric Felikssen, led the Emerstarian Army in the Wars of the Coalitions

In 1792, the First War of the Coalitions began; it was a war determining the succession of the Herzognish throne. Emerstari entered the war on the side of Jermansk – whose King claimed the Herzognish throne. Ultimately the Western Coalition – comprised primarily of Emerstari, Marseile, Saexia, and Jermansk – lost the war; however, in 1812, the Second War of the Coalitions began. In this war, even more nations participated and the Western Coalition defeated the Imperial Coalition. The Second Wars of the Coalition ended in 1816; however, in 1818 the Third War of the Coalitions broke out. This time, the Imperial Coalition was attempting to retake Herzogne but lost again. This series of war directly contributed to the founding of the Venson Pact (later the Venson Union) in 1821 – originally between Emerstari, Marseile, and Rolech – as well as the dissolution of the Holy Scanian Empire in 1827.

Throughout the 19th century, Emerstari was in a golden age; several of Emerstari’s most famous authors and painters lived during this period. With the exception of the Wars of the Coalition and numerous small wars in Emerstari’s colonies, Emerstari was in a period of peace. In the 1890s, increased immigration began to come to Emerstari.

Modern Era

20th Century

The Emerstarian Navy was believed to be one of the best in the world during the 10 Years' War

In 1911, a war began between the Renochesvian Empire and Austlege; due to a series of complicated alliances and ententes, much of the Eurevian continent was at war by 1912. The 10 Years’ War, as it is known in Emerstari, ended in 1921 with the defeat of the Dosva Pact. Although Emerstari was on the side of the victors, the war created an economic depression throughout much of northern Scania and Emerstari closed its borders to immigration in 1923. In 1921, the Union Papers of Emerstari were updated and the government was reformed, to an extent, creating the New Federal Republic of Emerstari – Niy Foderepublik Emerstari in Emerstarian. The Stordepresjon ended, according to most economists in 1930.

Eric X Gustaf of Emerstari

The Foderal Kongress, in 1942, reopened Emerstari’s borders to immigration. In response to this, there were two major waves of immigrants; the first mostly consisted of descendants of the Vikingr who settled in East Arda who returned to Emerstari due to tensions in East Arda and the Emerstarian Right of Return Law. The second wave, consisted mostly of people from Emerstari’s colonies as well as people from lands of the former Renochesvian Empire fleeing the communist regime. After this 1950s, immigration to Emerstari steadily decreased until the early 2000s.

In the mid-1900s, Emerstari participated in three major wars. The first of these was the Second Estelian War in the 1940s – Emerstari did not participate in the first – and the second was the Blustein Conflict in the 1950s. The third was Slovyan Insurgency where a capitalist rebellion formed in the Socialist Slovyan Republic which was a state within the Union of Socialist Republics of Renochesvia; ultimately, Emerstari and its allies pulled their forces out of the region and the rebellion was put down in 1972. Also in 1972, Emerstari longest reigning King Eric X (reigned from 1916 to 1972) abdicated; Eric X was born 1910 and died on February 4th, 2019. He, early in his reign, also established the surname of the House of Eric, Gustafsen.

21st Century

In 2010, an Emerstarian King again became President; the current King, Eric XII served one term from 2010 to 2014 as a member of the Monarchic-Republican Party. After him, former Samdetor Eric Jeffery Jaems was elected President. In 2016, Emerstari entered the Great War, as it is called in Emerstari, and annexed Nivijegdna, an oil-rich region that Emerstari as historically had interest in.

Geography

Karlssonsberg is the tallest point in Emerstari

Situated in Northwestern Scania, Emerstari lies west of the Estelian Sea and south of the Gray Sea, providing a long coastline, and forms the northeastern part of Scania. To the west is the White Topped Mountains, a range that separates Emerstari from Coelans as well as the Akerselva and Fywris Rivers. Canaria and Roele are located to its south.

At 1,872,819.35 km² (1,163,715.99 mi²), Emerstari is one of the largest nations in Arda en' Estel. The lowest elevation in Emerstari is in the bay of Lake Stensjon, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Karlssonsberg 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.

The White Topped Mountains, or Vittoppaberger

Emerstari has 17 states or statter. These states' borders were drawn in 1756 shortly after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Emerstari and were generally based upon culture, geography, and history. In addition to their governmental and administrative purposes, they play an important role in people's self-identity.

Lake Gjende in central Emerstari

About 15% of Enerstari lies north of the Arctic Circle. Emerstari's south is predominantly agricultural and blanketed with rivers, with increasing forest coverage northward. Around 47% of Emerstari's total land area is covered with forests. The highest population density is in the Yoerk region in eastern Emerstari, along the Olkta River up to the Bay of Yoerk. Haller and Fågeløn are Emerstari's largest islands; Gjende and Øyeren are its largest lakes. Combined with the Coronetian, Mjøsa rivers as well as Lake Stensjon, these bodies of water take up a significant part of central Emerstari. Emerstari's extensive waterway availability throughout its center was exploited with the building of the Jonssen Canal in the 19th century, shortening the potential distance between Rensulier Lake and the Estelian Sea.

Climate

Most of Emerstari has a temperate climate, despite its northern latitude, with largely four distinct seasons and mild temperatures throughout the year. The winter in the far south is usually weak and is only manifested through some shorter periods with snow and sub-zero temperatures. The country can be divided into three types of climate: the southernmost part has an oceanic climate, the central part has a humid continental climate and the northernmost part has a subarctic climate.

Because of its high latitude, the length of daylight varies greatly. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets for part of each summer, and it never rises for part of each winter. In the capital district, Amerien District, daylight lasts for more than 18 hours in late June but only around 6 hours in late December. Emerstari receives between 1,100 and 1,900 hours of sunshine annually. During July there is not much difference in temperature between the north and south of the country.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Emerstari was 44 °C (112 °F) in Lillahoj in 1947, while the coldest temperature ever recorded was −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) in Stjørdalshalsen in 1966. Even though temperature patterns differ between north and south, the summer climate is surprisingly similar all through the entire country in spite of the large latitudinal differences. This is due to the south being surrounded by a greater mass of water, with the wider Northerly Sea and the Scanian air passing over lowland areas from the south-west.

An aerial view of Rensulier in Winter 1978

Apart from the ice-free Estelian Sea bringing marine air into Emerstari tempering winters, the mildness is further explained by prevailing low-pressure systems postponing winter, with the long nights often staying above freezing in the south of the country due to the abundant cloud cover. By the time winter finally breaks through, daylight hours rise quickly, ensuring that daytime temperatures soar quickly in spring. With the greater number of clear nights, frosts remain commonplace quite far south as late as April. The cold winters occur when low-pressure systems are weaker. An example is that the coldest ever month (January 1988) in Rensulier was also the sunniest January month on record.

The relative strength of low and high-pressure systems of marine and continental air also define the highly variable summers. When hot continental air hits the country, the long days and short nights frequently bring temperatures up to 30 °C (86 °F) or above even in coastal areas. Nights normally remain cool, especially in inland areas. Coastal areas can see so-called tropical nights above 20 °C (68 °F) occur due to the moderating sea influence during warmer summers. Summers can be cool, especially in the north of the country.

On average, most of Emerstari receives between 500 and 800 mm (20 and 31 in) of precipitation each year. The southern part of the country receives more precipitation, between 1,000 and 1,200 mm (39 and 47 in), and some mountain areas in the north are estimated to receive up to 2,000 mm (79 in). Despite northerly locations, southern and central Emerstari may have almost no snow in some winters. Most of western Emerstari is located in the rain shadow of the White Topped Mountains. The blocking of cool and wet air in summer, as well as the greater landmass, leads to warm and dry summers far north in the country, with quite warm summers at Haller, which is unheard of elsewhere in the world at such northerly coastlines.

Climate data for Emerstari (1874-2018)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	12.5 (54.5)	12.8 (55.0)	17.0 (62.6)	21.8 (71.2)	27.7 (81.9)	32.2 (90.0)	30.5 (86.9)	34.2 (93.6)	24.9 (76.8)	21.0 (69.8)	14.4 (57.9)	12.4 (54.3)	34.2 (93.6)
Average high °C (°F)	−1.8 (28.8)	−0.9 (30.4)	3.5 (38.3)	9.1 (48.4)	15.8 (60.4)	20.4 (68.7)	21.5 (70.7)	20.1 (68.2)	15.1 (59.2)	9.3 (48.7)	3.2 (37.8)	−0.5 (31.1)	9.6 (49.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−4.3 (24.3)	−4.0 (24.8)	−0.2 (31.6)	4.5 (40.1)	10.8 (51.4)	15.2 (59.4)	16.4 (61.5)	15.2 (59.4)	10.8 (51.4)	6.3 (43.3)	0.7 (33.3)	−3.1 (26.4)	5.7 (42.2)
Average low °C (°F)	−6.8 (19.8)	−6.8 (19.8)	−3.3 (26.1)	0.8 (33.4)	6.5 (43.7)	10.6 (51.1)	12.2 (54.0)	11.3 (52.3)	7.5 (45.5)	3.8 (38.8)	−1.5 (29.3)	−5.6 (21.9)	2.4 (36.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−24.3 (−11.7)	−24.9 (−12.8)	−20.2 (−4.4)	−9.8 (14.4)	−2.7 (27.1)	1.4 (34.5)	5.0 (41.0)	3.7 (38.7)	−2 (28)	−7.4 (18.7)	−16 (3)	−20.8 (−5.4)	−24.9 (−12.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	49 (1.9)	36 (1.4)	47 (1.9)	41 (1.6)	53 (2.1)	65 (2.6)	81 (3.2)	89 (3.5)	90 (3.5)	84 (3.3)	73 (2.9)	55 (2.2)	763 (30.1)
Average precipitation days	6	4	6	5	5	7	7	8	7	8	8	6	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	40	76	126	178	220	250	246	216	144	86	51	35	1,668
Source: Emerstarian Meteorological Institute

Ecology

Flora

The highest part of the country is part of the Emerstarian montane birch forest and grasslands ecoregion. At the highest altitude is high alpine tundra with very modest vegetation and bare rock, skree, snowfields and glaciers. At lower altitude is low alpine tundra with continuous plant cover; dwarf birch and willows up to 1 m (3 ft) tall and grasslands, as well as numerous lakes and bogs. At still lower altitude is the adjacent montane birch zone with small (2 to 5 m (7 to 16 ft)) mountain downy birch (Betula pubescens) above the conifer tree line; some stunted spruce and pine also occur here.

A forest in Marlanda

At lower altitudes in the northern and central parts of the country, coniferous forests occur. These are dominated by Emerstarian pine (in drier locations), often with an understory of common juniper, spruce and a significant admixture of downy birch and silver birch. Aspen and birch occur throughout this region, and Coelanian larch is characteristic of the eastern part of the ecoregion. In the southeast, there are scattered broad-leafed trees such as elm, ash and lime, but no oak.

In the south of the country, there is a southern coniferous forest region, demarcated by the northerly limit of the oak and the southern limit of the natural regeneration of spruce. Mixed with the spruce and pine in these forests are deciduous trees including the pioneering species such as birch, alder and aspen, and the long-lived oak, elm and lime.

In the extreme south is the southern deciduous forest region, a vegetation cover shared by Canaria. The dominant trees here is the beech, but oak can also form smaller forests. Elm at one time formed forests but has been much reduced by Canarian elm disease. Other important trees and shrubs in this zone include hornbeam, elder, hazel, fly honeysuckle, linden (lime), spindle, yew, alder buckthorn, blackthorn, aspen, rowan, whitebeam, juniper, holly, ivy, dogwood, goat willow, larch, bird cherry, wild cherry, maple, ash, alder along creeks, and in sandy soil birch compete with pine.

Fauna

The national animal of Emerstari, the White-tailed deer

Terrestrial mammals occurring in Emerstari include the hedgehog, the European mole, six species of shrews and eighteen of bats. The Eurevian rabbit, the Eurevian hare and the mountain hare all live here as do the Eurevian beaver, the red squirrel and the brown rat as well as about fourteen species of smaller rodent. Of the ungulates, the wild boar, the fallow deer, the red deer, the elk, the roe deer, and the reindeer are found in the country. Terrestrial carnivores include the brown bear, black bear, the Eurasian wolf, the red fox, and the Arctic fox, as well as the Eurevian lynx, the Eurevian badger, the Eurevian otter, the stoat, the least weasel, the Eurevian polecat, the European pine marten, and the wolverine. The coast is visited by three species of seal, and around thirteen species of whale, dolphin, and porpoise. Critically endangered mammals include the Bechstein's bat, the common pipistrelle and the Arctic fox, the barbastelle, the serotine bat, the pond bat, the lesser noctule, and the wolf. Listed as vulnerable are the Eurevian otter, the wolverine, the harbour seal, the harbour porpoise and the Natterer's bat.

According to the University of Rensulier, 535 species of bird have been recorded in Emerstari. Many of these are migratory birds, making their way between Arctic breeding grounds and overwintering quarters further south in Europe and Africa. The lakes, wetlands and coasts provide nesting opportunities for water birds and seabirds and the upland regions are home to willow ptarmigan, black grouse, western capercaillie, owls, and birds of prey.

The only endemic fish in Emerstari is the critically endangered freshwater Coregonus trybomi, still surviving in a single lake. Amphibians found in Emerstari include eleven species of frogs and toads and two species of newt, while reptiles include four species of snake and three of lizard.

Emerstari has an estimated 108 species of butterfly, 60 species of dragonfly, and 40 species of wood boring beetle.

Government and politics

Eric J. Jaems
President
since
Jan. 15, 2014

Eric XII Georg
Monarch
since
July 7, 1994

The Hojestretsol, or Supreme Court, Building

Emerstari is a federal crowned republic with a president. Emerstari is a representative democracy and citizens are typically subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local. Local government's duties are usually split between county and munincipal government. In nearly all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is rare at lower levels.

The federal government of Emerstari is comprised of three branches:

• Legislative: The tricameral legislature is made up of the Foderal Samdet, the Foderal Hus av Folk, and the Hus av Herrer. It makes laws, declares war, approves treaties, power of purse, and has the power of impeachment. In addition, the Hus av Herrer also can forcefully make the monarch abdicate, can select an heir to the Emerstarian throne, and regulates the Church of Emerstari.
• Executive: The President is Chief Executive and Commander-in-Chief of Emerstari. S/he can veto legislative bills before they become law (subject to congressional override) and appoint members to the executive cabinet (subject to Samdet approval) and other officials. The Monarch of Emerstari is Lesser Executive and Commander-in-Chief alongside the President. S/he can appoint the Bishop of Rensulier, appoint officers to the royal cabinet, and heads the Church of Emerstari, Kingdom of Emerstari, and Emerstarian Empire.
• Judicial: The Hogsdomstol, the highest court in Emerstari, and lower federal courts are appointed by the President with Samdet approval. They interpret laws and overturn those that are deemed unconstitutional.

The Foderal Hus av Folk has 437 voting members, each representing a district for a term of two years. Hus av Folk seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year.

Laggivningsmæssigbygningett, Emerstari's legislative building

The Foderal Samdet has 60 members, each state has three Samdetors, each elected to six-year terms by the legislatures of the respective territories; one-third of Samdet seats are up for election every other year. The Amerien District and Emerstari's territories have one Samdetor. The President serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than thrice. The President is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and Interior Territories. The Hogsdomstol, led by the Chief Justice, has seven members, who serve for life.

The state governments are structured in a similar fashion; however, Almapien has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and officials are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote.

The constitution of Emerstari establishes the structure and responsibilities of the Emerstarian federal government and its relationship with the individual states. The constitution has been amended seven times; the first ten articles of the Rigteshandlingar av der Rikenvånere åg der Stat form the central basis of Emerstarians' individual rights.

Administrative Divisions

State	Capital	Population
Almapien	Koburg	9,231,760
Cojarnien	Aronsburg	11,082,547
Corji	Haraldstad	13,014,781
Corjoi	Bregneeng	4,092,754
Erevien	Vanby	13,082,761
Erii	Gronhojd	9,062,851
Inepolien	Midtenburg	18,039,754
Marlanda	Fjordstad	16,978,410
Nij Corji	Willemsstad	2,396,712
North Whentii	Norrburg	5,012,373
Ontarji	Hansodla	12,037,834
Otopien	Larrsby	14,787,642
South Whentii	Bjornhjem	14,028,971
Valparaiso	Chestersburg	7,219,054
Verni	Charlesstad	17,025,981
West Verni	Norrfaalt	11,054,871
Yoerk	Sjokoppen	24,901,675

Emerstari is a federal republic of 17 states, a federal district, and copious other territories. The states and territories are the principal administrative districts in the country. These are further divided into counties and independent cities. The Amerien District is a federal district that contains Emerstari's dual capital cities: Coronet and Rensulier.

Overseas Territories and Colonies

Emerstari holds a large number of overseas territories that are divided into Interior Territories, Exterior Territories, and colonies. Further, there are crown territories and federal territories. Although most of these territories were acquired between 1450 and the late nineteenth century, in 2016, Emerstari gained Emerstarian Nivijegdna after the Three Years' War.

Foreign Relations

While historically Emerstari's foreign policy was based upon expansionism, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Emerstari's foreign policy began to change, and the Emerstarian government strove to maintain the balance of power within Eurevia.

Emerstari is a permanent member as well as a founding member of the Venson Union. It is a member of the Estelian Council, the Coalition Defence Union, the Scanian Mutual Defence Pact, and the EECT. Most nations have embassies in Coronet and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, many nations host Emerstarian diplomatic missions.

Emerstari has a special relationship with Soumiland and strong ties with Coelans, Canaria, Sverig, Rolech, Marseile, Saexia, and New Retermi. It works closely with fellow CDU nations such as Arcadia and fellow VU nations in military and aid operations.

Military

Emerstarian personnel in a training excercise

Naval patrol in the Gulf of Coelans

The President and Monarch of Emerstari hold the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoint its leaders such as the Lieutenant of the Royal Military. The President alone appoints the Secretary of Defence. The Department of Defence administers the armed forces, including the Army, Marines, Navy, and Navy. The Coast Guard, National Guard, and the National Reserve are administered by the Department of Homeland Security. Additionally, there are a number of militias that work closely with the Department of Defence.

Military service is voluntary; however, conscription may occur in wartime if a bill, started in the Hus av Folk, passes in all three chambers of the Foderal Kongress and is approved by the dual commanders-in-chiefs (subject to congressional override). Emerstarian forces can be rapidly deployed by the Royal Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Royal Navy's 23 aircraft carriers, and Marine expeditionary units at sea with various of the Royal Navy's fleets. The military operates 587 bases and facilities abroad and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 26 foreign countries.

In 2015, the military budget of Emerstari was about $670 billion. The proposed budget for 2018 added an additional $30 billion — a total of $700 billion, about 4.5% of its GDP — for military campaigns in Nivijegdna and Slovya. Currently, there are 4,310 service members in Nivijegdna and 2,012 in Slovya.

Emerstari has a nuclear weapon stockpile of 4,001; it is the second largest stockpile in Arda en' Estel. In addition, it maintains a large fleet of ballistic missile submarines and a strategic bomber force. Its tank force and air force are among the largest while its navy is composed of 1,019 vessels.

Law Enforcement

Emerstarian police at a rally in 2014

Law enforcement in Emerstari is primarily the responsibility of local police departments and sheriff's offices, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Emerstarian Marshals Service have specialized duties, including protecting civil rights and national security and enforcing federal courts' rulings and federal laws. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state criminal courts. At the federal level and in almost every state, a legal system operates on a common law.

In 2018, there were 4,301 murders, a decrease from 4,859 in 2017. The murder rate in 2018 was 2.3 per 100,000 people.

Capital punishment is sanctioned in Emerstari for certain federal and military crimes, and also at the state level in 10 states. No execution took place from 1964 to 1980, though. This is due to the Emerstarian supreme court ruling to strike down arbitrary imposition of the death penalty. In 1980, the court ruled that, under appropriate circumstances, capital punishment may be constitutionally imposed. Since then, there have been more than 700 executions.

Economy

Economic indicators
Nominal GDP	$15,541 trillion (Q3 2018)
Real GDP growth	3.5% (Q3 2018)
	2.1% (2017)
CPI inflation	1.8% (November 2018)
Employment-to-population ratio	60.6% (November 2018)
Unemployment	3.7% (November 2018)
Labor force participation rate	62.9% (November 2018)
Total public debt	$6,060 trillion (November 2018)

Emerstari has a capitalist economy which is fueled by abundant natural resources and high productivity. The nominal GDP of Emerstari is estimated to be $15,541 trillion as of 2017. The nominal GDP per capita is $76,509.54, which is comparable to its neighboring nations and is the fourth largest in the Venson Union. The nation's currency is the Shilling.

Emerstari is one of the largest importers and exporters in Eurevia. Soumland, Coelans, Marseile, Canaria, Rolech, and Arcadia are its top trading partners. In 2014, clothing and consumer goods were its largest imports. In the same year, petroleum, machinery, fish, and wood were its largest exports.

Consumer spending comprised 68% of the Emerstarian economy in 2015. In 2013, the Emerstarian labor force consisted of 121,800,000 people. Around 70% of its workers are unionized. Emerstari does not guarantee its workers paid vacation, paid family leave, or sick leave; however, many businesses still provide these due to historic pressure from unions. 80% of full-time American workers get paid sick leave, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Among its fellow VU nations, Emerstari ranks third in productivity per hour.

Agriculture accounts for just above 2% of Emerstari's GDP yet Emerstari is one of the region's largest producer of corn, wheat, and barley. The National Agricultural Statistics Service maintains agricultural statistics for products that include peanuts, oats, rye, wheat, barley, corn, hay, apples, and pears.

Transportation

Personal transportation in Emerstari is dominated by automobiles which operate on a network of 6.4 million kilometers (4 million miles) of roads, including one of Scania's largest highway systems in length and known for its lack of a general speed limit. It is the VU's second largest automobile market and has one of the highest rates of per-capita vehicle ownership in the region. The average Emerstarain adult spends 55 minutes driving every day.

Mass transit accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips. Transport of goods by rail is extensive and ridership on NJPK, or Nasjonaljærnvagpassengare Kompagne, has grown by almost 37% between 2005 and 2015. Also, light rail development has increased in recent years. Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal.

The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. Of the three largest airlines in Scania by passengers carried, one is based in Emerstari: Nordettsflygkompagne. Of the VU's 25 busiest airports, 6 are in Emerstari.

Energy and infrastructure

Wind Turbines in the eastern Emerstari

The Emerstarian energy market is about 22,000 terawatt hours per year. In 2011, 40% of energy came from petroleum, 27% came from coal gas, and 20% came from natural gas. The remainder is mostly renewable energy, mainly wind and hydroelectric power. Emerstari is one of the largest consumers of petroleum in Eurevia; it is also a large producer of crude oil due to its Gray Sea reserves.

For decades, due to public perception after an accident in 1977, nuclear power has played a limited role in Emerstari's energy market. In 2008, several applications for new plants were filed.

Water supply and sanitation

According to the Department of Urban Development, total water abstraction per day for public water supply in Emerstari was 17,000,000,000 gallons, or about 69,000 megaliters, of water. There are numerous private reginal water and swerage companies in Emerstari that provide services across Emerstari; most people outside of cities have stated to use well systems.

Science and technology

In the eighteenth century, right before the Emerstarian Golden Age, Emerstari's scientific revolution began. In 1632, the Royal Emerstarian Academy of Science was founded, with people such as Karl Pedersson and Anders Selsers as early members. Many of the companies founded by early pioneers still remain major international brands in Eurevia. Gustaf Ynnestad founded AGA and received an Erdal Prize for his sun valve. Albrekt Erdal was an early pioneer in alternating current and insituted Erdal Prizes. Lars Ericssen started the company bearing his name, Ericssen, which is still one of the largest telecommunication companies in Northern Scania. Emerstarian inventors hold 51,021 patents, according to the Emerstarian Patent and Trademark Office.

Combined, the public and the private sector in Emerstari 3.8% of GDP to research and development per year. As a percentage of GDP, the Emerstarian government spends the second most of any nation in the VU on research and development.

Demographics

The Emerstarian Census Bureau estimated that the country's population in 2019 is 203,075,981. Emerstari's population doubled throughout the twentieth century and is the most populous nation within the Venson Union and one of the most populated nations in Arda en' Estel. A 2018 estimate for the birth rate of Emerstari is 11.8 births/1,000 people. In 2018, it is estimated that the average woman had 1.85 children. The largest ethnic groups within Emerstari are Emerstarians and other North Scanians followed by East Scanians.

About 61% of Emerstarians live in urban areas (including suburbs); about half of those reside in cities with populations of over 50,000. Emerstari has numerous clusters of cities known as megaregions, the largest being the East Megalopolis followed by the Central Megalopolis. There are 29 metropolitan areas with populations greater than one million.

Ethnicity in Emerstari (2015)

Group	% of Emerstarian Population
Estelian	98	98
Scanian	89.9	89.9
Emerstarian	82.7	82.7
Canarian	5.1	5.1
Coelanish	2.1	2.1
Clermantic	2.1	2.1
Marseilian	2	2
Roelen	0.1	0.1
Arcatian	1.1	1.1
Other	5.9	5.9

Religious affiliation in Emerstari (2015)

Affiliation	% of Emerstarian Population
Christianity	83.4	83.4
Protestant	79.3	79.3
Lutheran	71.3	71.3
Prysbeterian	6.4	6.4
Other Protestant	6.5	6.5
Catholic	3.1	3.1
Eastern Orthodox	0.5	0.5
Other Christian	0.5	0.5
Judaism	1.9	1.9
Hinduism	0.5	0.5
Buddhism	0.4	0.4
Islam	0.1	0.1
Other faiths	1.8	1.8
Irreligion	12.8	12.8
Nothing in particular	6.2	6.2
Agnostic	3.9	3.9
Atheist	.27	0.27
Don't know or didn't state	0.6	0.6

Ethnic groups

White Emerstarians (mostly of Eurevian ancestry) are the largest racial group; Ionian Emerstarians and black Emerstarians make up the second and third largest racial groups. Northern Scanians and Emerstarians make up the largest ethnic group, composing 82.7% of the population. Scanians as a whole compose 89.9% of the population. Significant groups that are not Scanian include Marseilians (2%) and Arcatians (1.1%)

Historically, Emerstari was a mostly homogeneous country and it did not have a significant non-white population until the middle of the twentieth century during the beginning of the Emerstarian Empire's decline. Many of the non-whites came from the colonies of Emerstari as well as former colonies. This was somewhat due to the establishment of the Emerstarian Commonwealth which made it easier to immigrate to Emerstari from member-states. Also in the twentieth century, many people of Emerstarian descent immigrated to Emerstari. That can be contributed to a law which passed in 1888 and made it easier for people who can prove Emerstarian ancestry to become a citizen.

Language

Emerstarian is the official national language of Emerstari, and it is required in the Emerstarian naturalization process to speak it. In the 2015 census, 92%, or 186,760,000, of Emerstarians spoke only Emerstarian at home. Other languages spoken within Emerstari include Halleran, Norrosprak, Canarian, Coelanish, and Soumi.

The most widely taught foreign languages in Emerstari, in terms of enrollment numbers from kindergarten through university, are: English, Marseillian, Soumi, and Rhenish. 72% of Emerstarians claim to speak English in addition to Emerstarian and 19% of Emerstarians claim to speak at least one language besides Emerstarian or English.

Religion

Forms of Christianity have dominated religious life in what is now Emerstari for roughly 2,000 years. Although immigration and demographic change have contributed to the growth of other faiths, the membership of the Church of Emerstari has been rising; however, Professor Hans Karlsson claims that some Emerstarian atheists, despite a lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians, being content with remaining in the Church of Emerstari.

In the 2015 census, 71.3% of all respondents indicated they were members of the Church of Emerstari whilst 83.4% indicated they were some type of Christian. The next largest group, excluding irreligion (12.8%) is Judaism (1.9%).

The Church of Emerstari is a Lutheran denomination that has been the state church of Emerstari with the monarch as its head since 1444. Acting for the monarch is typically a person appointed the Bishop of Rensulier; the appointment of officials and funding for the Church of Emerstari is dealt with by the Emerstarian monarch (though subject to override by the Hus av Herrer).

Health

Emerstari, in 2017, had a life expectancy of 84.45 years. In 2010, traffic accidents, cardiovascular disease, lung-related diseases, and drinking-related incidents caused the most life lost in Emerstari. Low back pain, depression, musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, and anxiety caused the most years lost to disability.

Emerstari is a regional leader in medical innovation. Since 1907, 23 Emerstarians have won the Erdal Prize in medicine, and from 1990 to 2002, more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in Emerstari than in the rest of Scania.

Health-care coverage in Emerstari is a combination of public and private efforts and is not universal. Unlike some of its neighbors, the federal government of Emerstari does not provide universal insurance; it is left to the states to decide their own policies. In 1999, Ontarii became the first state to mandate universal health insurance. In 2017, 5.7% of the population did not carry health insurance. The subject of uninsured and underinsured Emerstarians is a major political issue.

Education

Upplanda University is the oldest university in Emerstari (established 1427)

Emerstarian public education is operated by state and local governments. In most states, children are either required to attend school from the age of six until eighteen, or from the age of six until the completion of ninth grade. After completing ninth grade, nearly 90% of students continue with a three-year secondary school, which typically can lead to more job opportunities and/or entrance eligibility to university.

About 25% of children are enrolled in private schools and just over 2% are homeschooled. Emerstari spends about the same on education per student as many of its neighbors, spending more than $11,500 per student in 2011. Some 62% of Emerstarian college students attend public universities.

Emerstari has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. Many of Scania's top universities are located in Emerstari. There are also community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. Of Emerstarians 25-years-old and older, 91.6% graduated high school, 31% earned a bachelor's degree, and 12.9% earned graduate degrees. The basic literacy rate is approximately 100%.

Culture

The culture of Emerstari has been influenced by many factors including the nation's history as a western democracy and a major power as well as being a mostly homogeneous country. As a result of the Emerstarian Empire, Emerstarian influence can be observed in the language, culture, and legal systems of many of its former colonies including the easternmost nation of the Green Union, Arasland and New Retermi.

Tourism

With 62 million foreign tourists in 2015, Emerstari is ranked among the top five most popular tourist destinations in Eurevia. The most popular tourist sites, according to the Estelian Heritage Organization, are: Rensulier Palace, Drodtnings Palace, Rensulier Museum, the White Topped Mountains, and a multitude of other natural parks and historical sites.

Architecture

Djurgårdsbrytt

Prior to the thirteenth century, almost all buildings were made of timber — though, numerous of the governmental buildings during the First Emerstarian Empire were made of stone. After the thirteenth century, there was a shift towards stone. The earliest Emerstarian stone buildings were built around what are today the largest cities and were churches. This would include the Ljund Cathedral and the Upplanda Cathedral. Gothic churches were also built through influences of the Nordsjo League in Yoerk and Fjordsburg.

Among the oldest structures are some significant fortresses and other historical buildings such as the old Rensulier Cathedral, Frederiksholm Castle, Eketorppa Manor, and Oland fortress.

The Upplanda Cathedral

Around 1444, Emerstari was out of the Middle Ages and had entered the Eurevian Rebirth under the rule of King Georg I Eric, who immediately initiated grand mansions, castles, fortresses, and new cathedrals to be built. Some of the more significant include Rensulier Palace and Dalholmen Castle.

For the next two centuries, Emerstari was designated by Baroque architecture and the later rococo. Notable projects from the time include the city Lorensholm and Drodtnings Palace

The Twentieth and Twenty-First Century brought new architectural styles to Emerstari. These include Scanian Neoclassicism, National Romanticism, and Modernism.

Painting and photography

The Emerstarian Golden Age, which commenced in the first half of the nineteenth century, was the result of a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism. The era was characterized by painters such as Wilhelm Anderssen, Christoffer Kopmand, and Georg Frederikssen. Towards the end of the Golden Age, in the 1880s, Emerstarian artists began to turn away from National Romanticism and Post-Post Impressionism established a base of supporters.

A painting of Georg I Eric, depicting his trip to Ynnesborg, by Christoffer Kopmand

In modern-Emerstari, painting continues to be an important form of expression in Emerstarian culture. It is influenced by regional trends in Northern Scania such as modernism as well as a recent resurgence in National Romanticism.

Modern Emerstarain photography developed from interest in it in the beginning of photography in the 1830s. Pioneers such as Hans Pedersen, Frederik Osvaldsson, and Greger Johannssen paved the way for the growing profession in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Currently, Emerstarian photographers shuch as Kirstjen Martensdottir and Donner Karlsburg are influential photographers, taking part in copious exhibitions around the globe.

Literature

The earliest literary text from Emerstari is a treaty between two city-states from 1,000 BC; however, most of the oldest surviving documents date to after the Christianization of Emerstari in the early first century. During the Middle Ages, many Emerstarian monastic writers preferred to use Old Venetian. Therefore, there are only a few manuscripts in Emerstarian from the period. Emerstarian literature finally began to flourish in the sixteenth century when Emerstarian began to become standardized due to a full translation of the Bible into Emerstarian as well as the invention of the printing press.

Emerstarian author Hans Anderssen

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, several authors developed Emerstarian literature further. Key figures include Georg Jaemsson, Henrik Kyrkar, Karl Standberg, Hans Anderssen, and Valter Lagerkvist.

In recent decades, a handful of Emerstarian writers have established themselves internationally, including the novelist Henrik Larssen and Jans Simonsen. Astrid Lindgren is one of the best selling fiction authors in Scania as of 2015 with her series of novels for young adults.

Music

Historical Emerstarian music mostly used simple string and brass instruments. These include the lur, the lute, the lyre, wooden flutes and drums. Historical re-creations of vikingra music and traditional Emerstarian folk music have been attempted based on these instruments found in various sites. Notable folk music musicians include Mikel Ljundburg and Samuel Underborg.

In modern Emerstari, country music, rock music, and classical music prevail. In 2007, with over 800 million dollars in revenue, Emerstari was the third-largest music exporter in the Eurevia and surpassed only by Ingleland and Rolech. Udtlandner was one of the first internationally well known music bands from Emerstari. It still ranks among the most prominent bands in Arda en' Estel. Emerstari has had many other successful bands and artists since, such as Willem Johannsen, Jon Jonkopper, and Ørnar, and Osterholmen. In the past, as well, Emerstari has had many prominent composers — mostly during the Golden Age — such as Sir Ludwig Georgssen and Ragnvald Stenhammar.

Emerstari is one of the more successful competing nations in the Horsens Song Contest, with a total of five victories in the contest (1976, 1984, 1992, 2000, 2004, 2016).

Cinema

Actor Karl Donnersson, a pioneer in Emerstarian cinema

Emerstari has had a considerable influence on the history of cinema regionally. Some of the most prominent actors, directors, and motion pictures of all time in Scania and Eurevia have come from Emerstari. These include, for actors and directors, Karl Donnersson, Jaems Ludwigsen, David Valdter, Johann Aldburg, Einar Soumer, Christelin Alfredssen, Astrid Hojstad, Aleksa Kopmand, Signe Lufter, and Karin Filipsdottir.

Large film studios within Emerstari are Norrlanda, Hogberg, and Yoerkien. These film studios have put out some of the highest-grossing films in Eurevia including Stjarnekriger and der Karlssonvisaring. Edvin Studios is the oldest film studio in the nation.

Fashion

Interest in fashion is moderately big in Emerstari and the country is headquartering famous regional brands like Hennes and Johann Lindeburg as well as Nakkna and Filippa V. within its border. These companies, however, are largely composed of buyers who import goods through Arda en' Estel, continuing the trend of multinational economic dependency in Scania.

Headquarters of Nasjonellsendingarkompagne in Donnersburg, Emerstari

Media

Emerstarians as a whole are among the greatest consumers of newspapers in Arda en' Estel and the majority of Emerstarians towns and cities are home to at least a single local newspaper. The country's largest national newspapers include Degskposten, Tidsposten, Rensulierkronike, and the Yoerkskronike. The Niytidning and Nasjonellspapper are two of the biggest evening tabloids.

Private broadcasting companies hold a monopoly on radio and television in Emerstari. Of these broadcasting companies, the Nasjonellsendingarkompagne, Emersksendingarkompagne, Felikssenkorporasjon, and Bjorn Medierkompagne are the most highly regarded. In addition to these companies, there are 12,092 registered radio stations and copious cable television channels that exist in Emerstari.

Private broadcasting companies hold a monopoly on radio and television in the NFRE. Of those private broadcasting companies, there are four main broadcasting companies which include the National Udsendande Kompagne, Emerstarian Udslandande Kompagne, Haarstien Udsendande Korporation, and Bjorn Medier Kompagne. As of 2016, there are 12,092 registered radio stations and hundreds of channels on cable television that fill copious niches. Several studies conducted in 2018 estimate that around 71% of Emerstarians have cable television.

Sports

Sports activities are a national movement in Emerstari with nearly half of the population actively participating in organized sporting activities. The main spectator sports are Emerstarian football, Golf (the national sport of Emerstari), skiing, hockey, tennis, badminton, and horse-based sports. In addition, team sports of baseball, basketball, and soccer also have a presence in Emerstari.

Emerstarian tennis player Bjorn Ericssen in the 2008 Olympiad in Leon, Marseile

Between 1980 and 2015, Emerstari qualified eleven times for the Estelian Golf Championships and were champions four of those eleven times. Notable Emerstarian golfers include Jaems Simonsen, Markus Theodersson, and Eugen Felikssen. The first of those three, Jaems Simonsen, was named best golf player in Arda en' Estel in 1977; Eugen Felikssen was named the best Emerstarian golfer of the 2000s by the National Golf Association in 2007.

Emerstarian Haakon Nilssen was a founding member of the Olympiad de Arda in 1873. Throughout the history of the Olympiad, Emerstari has won a total of 698 medals and hosted seven Olympiad games.

Cuisine

Emerstarian cuisine, like that of the other North Scanian countries (Soumiland, Sverig, and Coelans), was traditionally simple. Fish (particularly herring), meat, potatoes, corn, and dairy products played prominent roles. Spices were sparse. Famous meals include Norrisk meatballs, traditionally served with gravy, boiled potatoes and lingonberry jam; pancakes; låtfisk; and the smørgåsbord. Akvavit is a popular alcoholic distilled beverage, and the drinking of wine is of cultural importance. The traditional flat and dry crisp bread of Emerstari has developed into several contemporary variants. Regionally important foods are the surstrømming (a fermented fish) in northern Emerstari and turkey in southern Emerstari.

Emerstarian traditional dishes, some of which are many hundreds of years old, others are perhaps a century or less, are still a very important part of Emerstarian everyday meals, in spite of the fact that modern-day Emerstarian cuisine adopts many international dishes.

Emerstarian crisp bread, or Knapribrod

A Midsommer bonfire

Open sandwiches on rye bread, known as fiskbrod, which in their basic form are food for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decored. Other traditional meals include brodostpej, tomato sauce on bread with cheese, and bakkedtpotattar, or baked potatoes.

In June, during Midsommer, a traditional feast known as fiskfest occurs. During fiskfest, Emerstarians eat large amounts of fish with boiled dill.

Holidays

Apart from traditional Protestant Christian holidays, Emerstari also celebrates unique holidays. Some of these unique holidays are of a pre-Christian tradition whilst others are national holidays. Of the pre-Christian traditions, there are Midsommer, Vintersnicht, and Fiskdeg. During Midsommer, on the summer solstice, many Emerstarians light bonfires and have large feasts with famly. During Vintersnicht, there is a similar tradition celebrating the Winter Solstice. On Fiskdeg, on the first Sunday of Spring, Emerstarians traditionally have a meal consisting of no meat in order to give thanks for the fish which they eat through the rest of the year.

National holidays of Emerstari include Etableringdeg (August 4th), which celebrates Emerstari's founding, Georg I Deg (July 1st), celebrating the birthday of Georg I Eric, Foderalorsdeg (May 24th), which celebrates the establishment of the Federal Republic of Emerstari, Aldkrigerasdeg (October 1st), which acknowledges Emerstari's veterans and servicemen, and Verkorsdeg (April 27th), which acknowledges the laborers of Emerstari.

Traditionally, the Emerstarian Christmas Season typically begins with the Day of St. Nicholas on December 6th and lasts until January 6th on Epiphany. Throughout this season, besides Christmas, Emerstarians celebrate the Day of St. Lucy, the Day of Katarina von Bora, the Day of the Holy Innocents, the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus, and numerous other commemorations.