Politics of Zhenia

Political System of the Republic of Zhenia
Polity type	Unitary semi-presidential republic
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of Zhenia
Legislative branch
Name	Parliament of the Republic of Zhenia
Type	Bicameral
Meeting place	National Parliament Hall
Presiding officer	Han Jinhyuk, Speaker of the National Assembly
Executive branch
Head of State
Title	Chancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
Currently	Lee Saemin
Appointer	Direct Popular Vote
Head of Government
Title	Premier of the Republic of Zhenia
Currently	Kim Junghun
Appointer	Chancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
Cabinet
Name	Government of Zhenia
Current cabinet	Kim Junghun Cabinet
Leader	Premier of the Republic of Zhenia
Deputy leader	Chancellor of the Republic of Zhenia
Appointer	Chancellor, with consent from National Assembly
Headquarters	The Zhongwu Palace
Ministries	17
Judicial branch
Name	Republic of Zhenia Supreme Court
Constitutional Court
Chief judge	Dongyoon Na
Seat	Chief Justice

The political system of the Republic of Zhenia operate under the principles laid out by the Constitution of the Republic of Zhenia, which specifies the Republic of Zhenia as a federal semi-presidential republic with a semi-direct democracy. To actualize such principles, the constitution also clarifies the existence of the separation of powers between the branches of government, as well as its adherence to national sovereignty. Rights of individual provinces maintain an equilibrium with the authorities of the federal government, as stated in the Constitution.

The separation of powers in Zhenia is done through the division of the nation's political structure into four branches - the Template:Legislative branch, executive, judicial and examination branches. The legislative branch is primarily led by the Parliament, which consists of two houses - the Sangseowon and the National Assembly. The executive branch, primarily comprising of the Government of Zhenia, works through the cabinet being led in tandem by the Chancellor and the Premier. The judicial branch is primarily led by the Republic of Zhenia Supreme Court and the Department of Justice, which spearheads a hierarchic structure of province-level and municipal-level courts across the nation. The Jungchuwon is the heart of the examination branch, overseeing the entire process of selecting civil servants and governmental officials. The Constitutional Court exists independent from the aforementioned four branches of government, examining the constitutionality of existing laws and systems.

Throughout much of its modern history, the Republic of Zhenia has called for and pursued a multiparty system in its politics, as made clear in the Constitution. Since the dawn of the Fourth Republic in 1979, three political parties - the Confederation of Neo-Republicanism, the Nationalist Party and the Republican Party - have led a significant portion of Zhenian politics, coexisting as major parties among other smaller parties. Such political parties attempt cooperation in creating and passing laws, although they stand off against each other starkly in some of the more sensitive issues.

While a representative democracy is done in Zhenia for realistic reasons, there are indeed elements of direct democracy present in the nation's politics. A nationwide referendum is necessary for any revisions in the Constitution, while a referendum can be held on laws upon request. In addition to referendums, the people can call for a recall on government officials following a manifesto on the official's policies, while the National Petition System allows for them to present public initiatives to revise or create laws and statutes, as well as even make amendments in the constitution.

Political Culture

Since the November Revolution of 1979, Neo-Republicanism has been the key ideology behind the political culture of the Republic of Zhenia. The ideology, centered around egalitarian rights granted to all Zhenians regardless of ethnicity or political alignment, specifies that all Zhenians have the responsibility to participate in election, understand and support the nation's government, both provincial and local, be educated, pay taxes and perform military service when needed; as well as the rights to free speech, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and association and equality before the law. Most of the core principles of Neo-Republicanism has been specified clearly in the Constitution.

The Constitution holds the right to vote a sacrosanct right for all Zhenian citizens to participate in politics. The duty of controlling how voting and elections take place is at the hands of the federal government, with no right given to the provincial and local governments to restrict the process of voting, although with a few exceptions. In principle, voting takes place on one designated day, usually a weekday; alternatively, Zhenian citizens can preemptively vote in elections on the weekend directly before the designated election day, in a period known as 'Early Voting Day' (Zhenian: 사전투표일), which consists of at least two days of the weekend and can take up to three days, spanning Friday through Sunday. Ballots cast in Early Voting Days are counted as the same votes as those on the designated election day.

Aside from elections and voting, the Constitution allows for referendums on legislation if it is requested by a sizable portion of the nation's population. Referendums on legislation mostly initiate with a proposal/petition that is approved by 200,000 Zhenian citizens of voting age within 50 days, after which it is assessed by members of the National Assembly. The National Assembly and the Sangseowon can propose a counter-proposal in response to such proposal. Following assessment within the National Assembly, the said proposal(s) are sent to the referendum. Changes to the legislation can be passed after a 50% approval rate achieved by the referendums requested on the legislation, although any amendment to the Constitution requires the consent of at least 60% of the nation's population on the referendum.

Executive Branch

Main article: Government of Zhenia

Examination Branch

Main article: Jungchuwon