Mount Ilias
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| Mount Ilias | |
|---|---|
| Bukit Ilias / Berg Ilias | |
 Mount Ilias at sunset | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 539.3 m (1,769 ft) |
| Naming | |
| Native name | Bukit Ilias |
| Geography | |
| Location | Kekudusan Commune, Northeast Java Province |
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| Esoteric Shi'ism | |||||
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Mount Ilias (Indonesian: Bukit Ilias; Dutch: Berg Ilias; Riysan: Jabal Ilyas) is a mountain on the island of Java, Hindia Belanda, which hosts the central administrative buildings of the Shia Convocation, the governing body of Esoteric Shi’ism subordinate to the Auxiliary Imamate, as well as several Esoteric Shia holy sites, terraced gardens and a natural reserve. On the crest of Mount Ilias are some of the most important buildings and structures of the Shia Convocation, including the Grand House of Remembrance, the Irfan Institution, the Batini Archives and the Shrines of Esoteric Shia figures. The summit and upper slopes of the mountain are completely landscaped and form part of the extensive terraced gardens which fades into a natural reserve covering the rest of the mountain. Due to the presence of Esoteric Shia holy sites, Mount Ilias is considered by Esoteric Shias as one of the Sacred Thresholds (Riysan: Al-Atabát al-Muqaddas, Dutch: Heilige drempels, Indonesian: Ambang batas suci), thus Esoteric Shias are expected to attain ritual purity before approaching the sacred sites on the mountain.
Mount Ilias is the only privately-owned mountain in Hindia Belanda, a unique situation which resulted from the signing of the 1833 Treaty of Bukit Ilias between the Auxiliary Imamate and the then colonial government. The treaty recognised the Auxiliary Imamate as a self-governing entity and afforded it with autonomous rights independent from the colonial government. The Auxiliary Imamate lost its self-governing status over Mount Ilias upon the independence of Hindia Belanda in 1929 but the mountain has remained in the possession of the Auxiliary Imamate ever since, following negotiations on the eve of Hindia Belandan independence. The territory which covers the mountain and its surrounding foothills belongs to the Auxiliary Imamate, but there are publicly-funded police and fire stations located throughout the area.
Access to Mount Ilias is open to the general public, although road access to the summit is limited to official vehicles of the Shia Convocation. Visitors can reach the summit in 8 minutes by riding a funicular from the base of Mount Ilias free of charge. It is possible although not advisable to climb the mountain by foot.
History
Foothills
Visitor centre
Pilgrims' Entrance
Administrative buildings of the Auxiliary Imamate and the Shia Convocation
Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate
For the spiritual office of the Auxiliary Imam: Auxiliary Imamate
The Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate is a building at the western end of the summit of Mount Ilias where the Auxiliary Imam attends to his daily business. The eclectic four-storey building features a rotunda where an always vacant throne placed on a dais, symbolising the authority of the Hidden Imam, is situated. On the second floor, there is a prayer hall for the private perusal of the Auxiliary Imam, Custodians of Mount Ilias and elected National Councillors for Hindia Belanda and Continental Councillors for Lorecia. A series of rooms on the third floor is occupied by the Shia Convocation's Department for the Maintenance of Sacred Structures. The building is crowned by a dome, has eight sides and surrounded by a landscape garden with reflective pools. Under the building is a vast network of climate-controlled archival rooms for the safekeeping of important documents and objects.
Built in 1912 with the help of the colonial government, the Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate was envisioned by Siyyid Irfan IV, the 31st Auxiliary Imam, as the administrative centre of the Shia Convocation to alleviate the cramped conditions of the Grand House of Remembrance on whose upper levels all departments and bodies of the Shia Convocation were previously headquartered. By 1919, it became apparent that the new Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate could not even accommodate the growing number of departments and institutions of the Shia Convocation and it was then decided that additional buildings were to be constructed. All departments and institutions of the Shia Convocation that were previously headquartered at the Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate, except for the Department for the Maintenance of Sacred Structures, have moved into other buildings on Mount Ilias since 1949.
The Seat of the Auxiliary Imamate is where the Auxiliary Imam holds audience with Hindia Belandan and visiting foreign dignitaries as well as address the Esoteric Shia faithful everyday before sunset from the upper balcony. The building is closed to visitors and pilgrims, with the exception of open house days at the end of August and October.
National Council for Hindia Belanda
The National Council for Hindia Belanda, the elected 12-member assembly subservient to the Auxiliary Imamate which oversees the affairs of Esoteric Shias in Hindia Belanda, is headquartered at the Rúwá’at’ul’lláh Building. Construction began in 1920 and completed in 1923. The four-storey building is built in the Neoclassical style as a homage to the short but architecturally influential Exponential era in Hindia Belanda, during which many buildings were constructed by the Auxiliary Imamate throughout its territory bearing clear influence of Exponential architecture.
The building comprises a series of rooms and chambers for the daily running of the National Council for Hindia Belanda. Due to the uneven terrain on which the building stands, the lowest floor remains under the main entrance which is on the second floor. The building also houses other offices of the Shia Convocation, most notably the Department for the Protection of the Faithful. There is an annex behind the building which serves as the official residence of the 12 National Councillors for Hindia Belanda and their staff.
A large Bayt al-Adhkar (House of Remembrance) built in the Exponential style during Exponential rule originally stood on the current location of the National Council for Hindia Belanda, but in 1799 was destroyed by a mob during public unrest surrounding the bankruptcy of the Noordenstaater Trading Company and its eventual takeover by the Noordenstaater crown. The old Bayt al-Adhkar was never rebuilt at its original location and was instead constructed on the southern slope of Mount Ilias near the Audience Garden. A series of expansions of the rebuilt Bayt al-Adhkar started in 1812 which culminated in 1953 with the addition of two additional tiers and a dome. The rebuilt Bayt al-Adhkar was rededicated as the Grand House of Remembrance in 1953 and now serves as the primary place of worship on Mount Ilias.
Continental Council for Lorecia
The Continental Council for Lorecia, the 12-member assembly elected from amongst Esoteric Shias of Lorecian nationalities, is headquartered at the Masra'ih Building beside the building of the National Council for Hindia Belanda. Built in 1930, a year after Hindia Belandan independence, the Masra'ih Building features neoclassical architectural elements. There are calligraphic inscriptions of passages from the Book of Fatima engraved on the rear portico of the building. The two porticos are adorned by coffered ceilings with names of the Fourteen Infallibles written on each of its recessed panels.