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| {{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Arthasthan]] [[Category:Politics of Arthasthan]] | | {{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Ajahadya]] [[Category:Politics of Ajahadya]] |
| {{Infobox political party | | {{Infobox political party |
| |name =Netaji Thought | | |name =Netaji Thought |
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| |newspaper = | | |newspaper = |
| |youth_wing = | | |youth_wing = |
| |ideology = [[Arthasthan|Arthani nationalism]]<br>{{wp|Cultural nationalism}}<br>[[Council republic|Councilism]]<br>{{wp|Socialism}}<br>{{wp|Collectivism}} | | |ideology = [[Ajahadya|Ajahadyan nationalism]]<br>{{wp|Cultural nationalism}}<br>{{wp|Socialism}}<br>{{wp|Collectivism}}<br>{{wp|Militarism}}<br>{{wp|Trade union|Trad unionism}} |
| |position = | | |position = |
| |national = | | |national = |
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| |website = | | |website = |
| |country = }} | | |country = }} |
| '''Netaji Thought''', or '''Netajism''', is an [[Arthasthan|Arthani]] {{wp|political philosophy}} that builds upon [[Council republic|councilism]] and the ideology of [[Sheru Ramprasad]], known by his honorific Netaji. It was developed and codified by the [[Satrian Section of the Workers' International|Arthani-led Satrian Section]] during the 1960s, although it would not be formalised until 1994. Netaji Thought is considered to be Councilist political theories and policies adapted for Arthani circumstances and history. Although the ideology is named after the Arthani revolutionary leader, it does not necessarily reflect the personal ideologies of Sheru Ramprasad, but rather the official ideology of the Satrian Section and the [[People's Volunteer Organisation]]. | | '''Netaji Thought''', or '''Netajism''', more rarely called '''Kalsarahism''' is an [[Ajahadyan|Ajahadyan]] {{wp|political philosophy}} inspired by [[Sattarism]], [[Imaharism]], [[National Principlism]], [[Tretyakism]] and the personal ideology of [[Arjuna Kalsarah]], known by his honorific Netaji. Netaji Thought was created as an ideology 'to guide Satria forwards' by synthesising other {{wp|post-colonial}}, {{wp|socialism|socialist}} and {{wp|anti-colonial}} ideolgies to create a 'path for Satria'. It was developed by Arjuna Kalsarah during the 1950s and 1960s through his writings, personal correspondence and speeches, and after his death in 1966 was largely adopted by the left-wing faction of the [[Satrian Republic]] in the early 1970s. |
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| | Netaji Thought revolves around the concept of the 'worker-soldier', the ''Kāmadāra Sainika'' (lit. 'working soldier'). Inspired by [[Tretyakism#The_Soldier_Worker|Tretyakist ideas]], Netaji Thought instead called for a total mobilization of the working class to take up arms against 'reactionary and capitalist forces'; there was no distinction between a worker and a soldier in Netaji Thought. |
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| Netaji Thought revolves around the concept of ''Swarāj'', or self-rule, which encompasses the entire ideology. It promotes the formation of a [[Council republic|councilist]] federation united by a pan-Arthani national identity based upon an adaptation of {{wp|Socialist patriotism|socialist patriotism}}. It promotes social cohesion and collectivism between ethnic groups to create a harmonious society. It supports a variation of socialism, centered around a {{wp|Market socialism|market socialist}} economy to unite the people of Arthasthan and develop the country. In order to implement these ideals, the ideology supports the creation of a {{wp|united front}} of Arthasthan's ethnic groups and social classes led by the Satrian Section. Society would be governed by an "evolution" of the ''panchayati raj'' system, where political power would be based upon basic unit of Arthani society, the local community.
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| ==History== | | ==History== |
| ===Codification=== | | ===Codification=== |
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| ===Swaraj=== | | ===Swaraj=== |
| {{Main|Swaraj}} | | {{Main|Swaraj}} |
| The central concept of Netaji Thought is ''Swarāj'', literally "self-rule", referring to Ramprasad's concept of freedom and independence. He defined it as not only independence from foreign domination, but an integral revolution that encompasses all spheres of life. In 1943, Ramprasad wrote "''At the individual level, Swaraj is the capacity for rational self-assessment, ceaseless self-purification and able self-reliance''." As a result, the concept is applied throughout the ideology's other components. Economically, Swaraj means economic freedom from moneyed interests and the ability to gain wealth. Socially, Swaraj is self-rule, self-reliance, self-restraint for the individual. It forms an integral part of Ramprasad's personal values and the Code of Moral Code of Socialism. Spiritually in [[Ashram]] it equated with moksha or salvation from material wants.
| | A central concept of Netaji Thought is ''Swarāj'', literally "self-rule", referring to Kalsarah's concept of freedom and independence. He defined it as not only independence from foreign domination, but an integral revolution that encompasses all spheres of life. In 1949, Kalsarah wrote "''At the individual level, Swaraj is the capacity for rational self-assessment, ceaseless self-purification and able self-reliance''." As a result, the concept is applied throughout the ideology's other components. Economically, Swaraj means economic freedom from moneyed interests and the ability to gain wealth, inspired by a history of Satrian {{wp|Asceticism|asceticism}}. Socially, Swaraj is self-rule, self-reliance and self-restraint for the individual. It forms an integral part of Kalsarah's personal values and the [[Code of Moral Socialism]]. |
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| The political aspect of Swarāj rejects a {{wp|statism|statist}} form of governance, especially {{wp|liberal democracy|liberal democracy}} which it considers as a {{wp|bourgeoisie democracy|bourgeoisie democracies}}. It opposes the colonial political and social systems implemented by [[Etruria]]. Ramprasad advocated discarding Etrurian political, economic, bureaucratic, legal, military, and educational institutions. Although the concept of Swaraj in Netajism generally refers to the political sphere, Instead the ideology advocates for a governance not by a top-down hierarchical government, but by self-governance through individuals and community building. The focus is on political decentralisation in order to establish what Ramprasad called a "peasants' democracy" in Arthasthan. Netajists consider ''Swarāj'', to be the Arthani version of [[Council republic|councilism]], adapted for Arthani society and politics. Netajists embrace most concepts of councilism such as {{wp|federalism}}, {{wp|direct democracy}}, {{wp|Localism (politics)|localism}} and {{wp|nonpartisanism}}, which it views as ideal qualities which are already rooted in Arthani culture.
| | For the state, Swarāj calls for a {{wp|statism|statist}} form of governance, modelled after [[Shangea|Shangean]] National Principalism. It rejects {{wp|liberal democracy|liberal democracy}} which it considers as a {{wp|bourgeoisie democracy}} and [[Council republic|councilist democracy]] which it considers to produce a 'weak, slow, indecisive and bureaucratic state'. The state, according to Swarāj, must first be 'independent from all foreign interests and influences that might prevent the state from acting in its own interests', which includes its own citizens, 'as the individual will always be tempted to act for their own short-term gain rather than the long-term benefit of the nation.' |
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| |quote = Socialism and independence begins at the bottom. A society must be built in which every village is self-sustaining and capable of managing its own affairs. In this structure composed of innumerable villages, there will be ever-widening, never-ascending circles. It will be a free and voluntary play of mutual forces, where there is only consenting dependence and willing help from neighbours or from the world. Every village will be trained to defend itself against any onslaught from without.
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| |author = [[Sheru Ramprasad]], 1946
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| The implementation of the Swaraj is centered around an evolution of the ''Panchayati raj'' system, a traditional political system for local government found across [[Satria]]. Ramprasad viewed the original system as archaic and reactionary, especially since it traditionally was led by elders chosen and accepted by the local community. However Ramprasad argues that despite its flaws, the ''Panchayati raj'' system are already structured similarly to the foundations of a theoretical councilist system. Its proponents believed that the foreign and statist system of governance introduced under colonialism would be incredibly difficult to continue and would led to widespread anger and resistance. Instead Ramprasad advocated reforming the ''Panchayati raj'', while maintaining it as the foundation of Arthasthan's political system.
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| According to Netaji Thought, this adaption of the councilist system would establish a decentralised form of government, where each village would be responsible for its own affairs. It would be an organic introduction of democracy thereby bringing greater peace and prosperity to the people of Arthasthan. Netajists advocated co-opting the existing traditional tribal structures and reform them into more egalitarian and pluralistic structures. These reforms include expanding participation in tribal councils to all adults and establishing a solely ceremonial and organisational leadership. According to its proponents, introducing and increasing pluralism to these councils would transform them into "popular councils" where all adult members of the community can participate in the political process. According to its proponents, the power of the state would be virtually nil, and the real power directly resides in the hands of people. Ramprasad believed that it would create a society, where the sovereignty of the people is based on pure moral authority.
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| Ramprasad rejected the concept of the {{wp|state}}, calling for a stateless society. While a hierarchical system would exist, the councils in higher tiers would only serve to coordinate with councils in a wider geographic areas. These councils would serve as higher units of governance and as unifying institutions where citizens can address common issues and conflicts. The ideology considers the highest level council, known as the [[General Assembly of Arthasthan|General Assembly]] acting as a "coordinating polity" representing the will of the Arthani people rather than a traditional state. The highest council would have authority to oversee all lower councils, but would not be able to directly override the decisions of a lower council. Nevertheless the polity, acting through the General Assembly, would have full authority over certain affairs, such as {{wp|foreign policy}} and {{wp|national defence}}. Once a decision is made by the General Assembly the entire polity, including the lower councils, are expected to follow that decision, and not continue working against it.
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| ===Nationalism=== | | ===Nationalism=== |
| Netaji Thought advocates for the creation of a pan-Arthani national identity centered around socialist solidarity and the principle of ''Swaraj''. Netaji Thought places the creation and continuation of a Arthani national identity as essential to the country's continued existence as an independent state. Ramprasad sought to establish an national identity by adapting the {{wp|Socialist patriotism|socialist patriotism}} promoted by the Pardals into a pan-Arthani nationalism that could unite Arthasthan's culturally and religiously diverse population. He argued that since Arthani nationalism is a {{wp|pan-nationalism|pan-nationalist}} ideology it would unite people into a common cause instead of dividing them. Although Netajism does not go as far as to deny the existence of ethnic groups like [[Sattarism]], Ramprasad supported actively downplaying and suppressing all ethnic identity in favor of a pan-Arthani identity. Instead Netaji Thought promotes a united "socialist Arthani consciousness" and "Arthani socialist patriotism" to discourage ethnic identity among Arthasthan's peoples.
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| Thus Netaji Thought explicitly rejects any kind of {{wp|ethnic nationalism}}, labeling it as {{wp|Bourgeois nationalism|bourgeois nationalism}} and declaring it unworkable for Arthasthan's multiracial and multicultural society. Instead it promotes the multi-ethnic cultural unity of the people, and defines ethnic groups as "sub-divisions" of the Arthani people. Ramprasad wrote in 1937 that "Arthasthan is of many races, languages, religions and cultures; to center an identity on any one would only serve to divide our country." As a result, he and other members of the Satrian Section vehemently opposed support of ethnic nationalism and especially separatism by any ethnic group. They believed that the country's ability to achieve prosperity and defend its independence rested upon a single national identity.
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| ===Socialism=== | | ===Socialism=== |
| Netaji Thought promotes its own interpretation of socialism, which it claims is adapted for Arthasthan's unique cultural and economic situation. The ideology views the main purpose of socialism in Netaji Thought is to promote {{wp|Equity (economics)|economic equality}} and ''Swaraj'', or independence, from colonialist powers, which would help achieve a unified Arthani society. The goal of creating a {{wp|classless society}} found in traditional socialism is only mentioned in Netaji thought in the context of unifying Arthasthan's peoples. Other concepts that significantly differs from traditional socialism are its partial rejection of {{wp|Nationalization|confiscation}} of {{wp|private property}}, the seizure of the {{wp|means of production}}, and {{wp|class conflict}}. For these reasons, it has sometimes been accused of {{wp|Revisionism (Marxism)|revisionism}} which its proponents strongly deny.
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| Netaji Thought rejects {{wp|capitalism}}, denouncing it as an individualist economy run by the international bourgeoisie. Furthermore it rejects {{wp|state socialism}}, arguing that the state would only subjugate the worker to an inefficient means of managing the economy. Instead it advocates for an economy based upon the principles of equity, solidarity, diversity, workers' self-management and efficiency centered around the economic principles of ''Swaraj''. This would be achieved by a social revolution led by the Satrian Section to create a {{wp|market socialism|market socialist}} economy that revolves around "patriotic" organisations. These organisations consists of both employees and employers to mutually {{wp|Economic democracy|organize and control}} economic activity while remaining accountable to the people. These organisations would consist of regional federations of local {{wp|Cooperative|cooperatives}} governed by its {{wp|Worker cooperative|workers}} and supported by its {{wp|Consumers' co-operative|consumers}}. This structure represents economic ''Swarāj'', economic self-rule, that leads to full economic freedom for its members.
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| The ideology partially rejects the concept of {{wp|class conflict}}. To a certain extent, Netaji Thought has a less hostile view of what traditional socialism considers the {{wp|bourgeoisie}}. It views that all people of Arthasthan who supported Netajism, regardless of wealth or social position, were ultimately oppressed by Etrurian imperialism. These includes groups such as tribal landowners, merchants, and other Arthani nationalists, that would be considered part of the {{wp|petite bourgeoisie}} in traditional socialism. To reconcile this contradiction, Ramprasad argued that because of Etrurian imperialism, they were ultimately all part of the {{wp|proletariat}} resisting what it considers the bourgeoisie. In Netaji Thought the bourgeoisie were Etrurian settlers and those who cooperated with Etruria and did not defect. It views the Etrurians as a fundamentally "''haute'' bourgeoisie society" who exploited the people of Satria for over a century.
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| Netaji Thought's partial rejection of {{wp|Nationalization|confiscation}} of {{wp|private property}} and the seizure of the {{wp|means of production}} stems from its focus on Arthani {{wp|National liberation (Marxism)|national liberation}} and its view of class conflict. The ideology advocates for the confiscation of the private property of the "bourgeoisie" and its redistribution to the "proletariat" like other forms of socialism. However because of its views on class and class conflict, these policies were solely targeted at Etrurian colonialists and those who sided with them. As a result, Netajism allows the right for the proletariat to individually own {{wp|private property}}, although there are exceptions for the {{wp|means of production}}. Instead Ramprasad believed that the means of production should be {{wp|Collective ownership|collectively owned}} by the community or spread as widely as possible among the proletariat if the former is impractical.
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| ===Collectivism=== | | ===Collectivism=== |
| Netaji Thought advocates for a single united Arthani society centered around a socialist {{wp|morality|moral code}} known as the [[Moral Code of Socialism]]. The Code was centered upon Sheru Ramprasad's personal values of "''industriousness, thrift, integrity, righteousness, tolerance, and selflessness''". In addition to his personal values, Ramprasad wrote about the social aspect of "''Swaraj''" throughout his life, criticising the clan system and their strong ties that emphasises the clan's {{wp|self-interest}} over the wider society. He described its call as a societal failure that leads to division among Arthanis and further moral corruption. These Values were initially not codified and instead where a broad set of guidelines.
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| In 1971, the Satrian Section's Office of Ideological Development introduced the Code, which was adopted by the Central Council. The Code adopted Ramprasad’s personal values and the social aspect of ''Swaraj'', and codified it into a list of twelve moral rules, covering personal morality and ethics. The Code is not a concrete rules of conduct, but instead centered around rules of attitude and a person's relations with society. Among its provisions, it promotes loyalty to socialism, awareness of social responsibilities, intolerance of the violation of social interests, a modest and non-materialist lifestyle, opposition to capitalist exploitation, and a sense of socialist brotherhood.
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| The ideal Arthani individual that embodied the Code in their daily lives would be selfless, learned, temperate, and enthusiastic for the socialist cause, with loyalty only to Arthasthan and not to ethnic or familial ties. They would embody the concept of ''Swaraj'', being self-reliant and conscious of their personal weaknesses and biases. Combined with nationalism, these Arthanis would lead to the birth of a united Arthani people and the creation of a new society with a singular purpose. Without clan and family based ties to divide them, this new Arthani society would be without conflict or exploitation and united in socialist solidarity to ensure Arthani prosperity and independence. The members of the Satrian Section and the greater socialist movement were expected to follow and embody these qualities as both as a {{wp|role model}} and an {{wp|archetype}} for others.
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| Netaji Thought rejects {{wp|individualism}}, defining the basic unit of society as the local community whose members embodies the Code. The community, by following this collectivist ethos, "ascends" past cultural, ethnic, and linguistic differences to take part of a single socially homogeneous Arthani society. The ideology explicitly rejects a community centred around the clan dominated by familial ties. It effectively redefines the traditional society of Arthasthan centered around familial clans and loyalty to it, to an collectivised and open society defined around the national community and socialism.
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| Netajism places the [[Satrian Section of the Workers' International|Satrian Section]] and the [[People's Volunteer Organisation]] at the center of a {{wp|united front}} to lead Arthasthan's new society. The united front would consist of the Arthani petite bourgeoisie, working class, peasantry, and the intelligentsia who embody the traits promoted by the Revolutionary Values. Its members would abandon existing [[Clan system in Arthasthan|clan ties]] in favor of a unified society. The Satrian Section would lead the socialist revolution in Arthasthan and guide its people toward the formation of a socialist society. The LSS would oversee and guide the societal development of Arthasthan.
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| ==Implementation in Arthasthan== | | ==Implementation in Ajahadya== |
| ==Criticism== | | ==Criticism== |
| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
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| * [[National Principlism]] | | * [[National Principlism]] |
| * [[Sattarism]] | | * [[Sattarism]] |
| * [[Satrian Section of the Workers' International]] | | * [[Tretyakism]] |
| * [[People's Volunteer Organisation]] | | * [[People's Volunteer Organisation]] |
Template:Region icon Kylaris
Netaji Thought, or Netajism, more rarely called Kalsarahism is an Ajahadyan political philosophy inspired by Sattarism, Imaharism, National Principlism, Tretyakism and the personal ideology of Arjuna Kalsarah, known by his honorific Netaji. Netaji Thought was created as an ideology 'to guide Satria forwards' by synthesising other post-colonial, socialist and anti-colonial ideolgies to create a 'path for Satria'. It was developed by Arjuna Kalsarah during the 1950s and 1960s through his writings, personal correspondence and speeches, and after his death in 1966 was largely adopted by the left-wing faction of the Satrian Republic in the early 1970s.
Netaji Thought revolves around the concept of the 'worker-soldier', the Kāmadāra Sainika (lit. 'working soldier'). Inspired by Tretyakist ideas, Netaji Thought instead called for a total mobilization of the working class to take up arms against 'reactionary and capitalist forces'; there was no distinction between a worker and a soldier in Netaji Thought.
History
Codification
Components
Swaraj
A central concept of Netaji Thought is Swarāj, literally "self-rule", referring to Kalsarah's concept of freedom and independence. He defined it as not only independence from foreign domination, but an integral revolution that encompasses all spheres of life. In 1949, Kalsarah wrote "At the individual level, Swaraj is the capacity for rational self-assessment, ceaseless self-purification and able self-reliance." As a result, the concept is applied throughout the ideology's other components. Economically, Swaraj means economic freedom from moneyed interests and the ability to gain wealth, inspired by a history of Satrian asceticism. Socially, Swaraj is self-rule, self-reliance and self-restraint for the individual. It forms an integral part of Kalsarah's personal values and the Code of Moral Socialism.
For the state, Swarāj calls for a statist form of governance, modelled after Shangean National Principalism. It rejects liberal democracy which it considers as a bourgeoisie democracy and councilist democracy which it considers to produce a 'weak, slow, indecisive and bureaucratic state'. The state, according to Swarāj, must first be 'independent from all foreign interests and influences that might prevent the state from acting in its own interests', which includes its own citizens, 'as the individual will always be tempted to act for their own short-term gain rather than the long-term benefit of the nation.'
Nationalism
Socialism
Collectivism
Militarism
Implementation in Ajahadya
Criticism
See Also
