Northumbric language: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
No edit summary
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
|states = [[Ambrose]]
|states = [[Ambrose]]
|region = [[Esquarium]]
|region = [[Esquarium]]
|speakers      = X
|speakers      = 6,644,000
|date          = 2015
|date          = 2016
|ref          =  
|ref          =  
|speakers2    =  
|speakers2    =  
Line 13: Line 13:
|fam3  = {{wpl|Samoyedic languages|Voragonevanic}}  
|fam3  = {{wpl|Samoyedic languages|Voragonevanic}}  
|fam4  = Northumbric
|fam4  = Northumbric
|ancestor==
|ancestor= {{wpl|Proto-Samoyedic language|Common Voragonevanic}}
|ancestor2=
|ancestor2=
|ancestor3=
|ancestor3=
|script = {{wpl|Anglo-Saxon runes|Runic}}<br>{{wpl|Latin script|Latin}}
|script = {{wpl|Anglo-Saxon runes|Runic}}<br>{{wpl|Latin script|Latin}}
|nation = {{flag|Ambrose}}
|nation = {{flag|Ambrose}}
</small>|minority = <small>{{flag|Endynru}}</small>
</small>|minority =
|agency = Northumbric Language Preservation Institute
|agency = Northumbric Language Preservation Institute
|iso3  = nmb
|iso3  = nmb
Line 25: Line 25:
|mapcaption =  
|mapcaption =  
}}
}}
'''Northumbric''' (ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ <small>tr.</small> ''Hjermymbervada'', "language of the [[River Umbre|north river]]") is a [[Nevanic languages|Nevanic language]] spoken in the [[Northumberland]] region of [[Ambrose]]. It is the most widely spoken of the {{wpl|Samoyedic languages|Voragonevanic}} languages in [[Esquarium]], with its closest modern relative (aside from several other Ambrosian minority languages) being the distantly-related {{wpl|Finno-Ugric languages|Nordonevanic}} [[Nevan language]]. Despite this, it is spoken by only a token minority of [[Northumbrian people|Northumbrians]].
'''Northumbric''' (ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ <small>tr.</small> ''Hjermymbervada'', "language of the [[River Umbre|north river]]") is a [[Nevanic languages|Nevanic language]] spoken in the [[Northumberland]] region of [[Ambrose]]. It is a member of the {{wpl|Samoyedic languages|Voragonevanic language family}}, with its closest modern relative (aside from several other [[Nordania|Hyperborean]] minority languages) being the distantly-related {{wpl|Finno-Ugric languages|Conitonevanic}} [[Mespalian language]]. As such, it is derived primarily from {{wpl|Proto-Samoyedic language|Common Voragonevanic}}, although since the 11th century it has been subject to significant {{wpl|Anglo-Saxon}} influence.
 
Despite its status as the most widely spoken Voragonevanic language in [[Esquarium]], it is spoken by a minority of [[Northumbrian people|Northumbrians]] — only 6,644,000 native speakers as of 2016, approximately 45% of the total Northumbrian population. Largely due to 19th and 20th century Ambrosian {{wpl|language politics}}, it has been supplanted as a {{wpl|first language}} by {{wpl|Linguistic purism in English|Anglish}} throughout much of the Northumberland. However, it persists as a {{wpl|vernacular}} in several rural and isolated regions of [[Tyemara]], [[Collmagorscoye]], and [[Ulfstead]].


== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
Line 40: Line 42:


The Runic script has no direct counterpart for the phoneme {{wpl|schwa}}, [ə], and as such it may appear as may appear as ⟨ᚪ⟩ or ⟨ᚩ⟩.
The Runic script has no direct counterpart for the phoneme {{wpl|schwa}}, [ə], and as such it may appear as may appear as ⟨ᚪ⟩ or ⟨ᚩ⟩.
== Phonology ==
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Northumbric vowels
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |{{wpl|Front vowel|Front}}
! colspan="2" |{{wpl|Central vowel|Central}}
! colspan="2" |{{wpl|Back vowel|Back}}
|-
! <small>{{wpl|Unrounded vowel|Unrounded}}</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Rounded vowel|Rounded}}</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Unrounded vowel|Unrounded}}</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Rounded vowel|Rounded}}</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Unrounded vowel|Unrounded}}</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Rounded vowel|Rounded}}</small>
|-
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}}, {{IPA link|iː}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɯ}}, {{IPA link|ɯ̟}}
| {{IPA link|u}}, {{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ə}}, {{IPA link|ɘː}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɤ}}, {{IPA link|ɤ̝}}
| {{IPA link|o̞}}, {{IPA link|o̞ː}}
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|a}}, {{IPA link|aː}}
|
|}
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Northumbric consonants
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|{{wpl|Labial consonant|Labial}}
! colspan="2"|{{wpl|Alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! rowspan="2"|{{wpl|Retroflex consonant|Retroflex}}
! rowspan="2"|{{wpl|Palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! colspan="2"|{{wpl|Velar consonant|Velar}}
! colspan="2"|{{wpl|Glottal consonant|Glottal}}
|- class=small
! <small>Plain</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Palatalized|Pl}}</small>
! <small>Plain</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Palatalized|Pl}}</small>
! <small>Plain</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Palatalized|Pl}}</small>
! <small>Plain</small>
! <small>{{wpl|Palatalized|Pl}}</small>
|-
! colspan="2"| {{wpl|Nasal consonant|Nasal}}
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|mʲ}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
| {{IPA link|nʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |{{wpl|Plosive}}
! <small>{{wpl|Voice (phonetics)|Voiced}}</small>
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|bʲ}}
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|dʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʔ̬}}
|
|-
! <small>{{wpl|Voice (phonetics)|Voiceless}}</small>
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|pʲ}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|tʲ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|kʲ}}
| {{IPA link|ʔ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{wpl|Affricate consonant|Affricate}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|t͡s}}
| {{IPA link|t͡sʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wpl|Fricative consonant|Fricative}}
! <small>{{wpl|Voice (phonetics)|Voiced}}</small>
| ({{IPA link|v}})
|
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|zʲ}}
|
|
| ({{IPA link|ɣ}})
|
|
|
|-
! <small>{{wpl|Voice (phonetics)|Voiceless}}</small>
| ({{IPA link|f}})
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|sʲ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɕ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|h}}
| {{IPA link|hʲ}}
|-
! colspan="2"| {{wpl|Trill consonant|Trill}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|r}}
| {{IPA link|rʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| {{wpl|Approximant consonant|Approximant}}
| {{IPA link|w}}
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
| {{IPA link|lʲ}}
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
| ({{IPA link|ʍ}})
|
|
|
|}


== Sample ==
== Sample ==
Line 50: Line 212:
| ᛖᛏ ᛉᛁᛒᛄᚫᚱᛁ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᚳ ᛋᚩᛄᚪᛗᚪᚱᛠᚾᛏᚪ ᛉᚢᚱᚳᚪᚱᛁ ᛈᚱᚪᚠᚪᚪ ᛏᚾᛄᚪᚠᚪ, ᚾᚩᛒᚩᛄ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᛖᛄᚪ ᚾᛁᛞᚢ ᚾᛁᚳ ᛏᚩᚳᚪᛚᛒᚪ, ᚾᚣᛒᛏᚪᛗᚪ ᛁᚳᛖᚠᚪᛏᚢ ᛏᚪᚱᚪ ||| Et xibjæri nenėc’ sojamareanta xurkari pravada tnjava, ṇoboj nenėėja nidu nic’ tokalba, ṇybtamba ilevatu tara.  || All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
| ᛖᛏ ᛉᛁᛒᛄᚫᚱᛁ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᚳ ᛋᚩᛄᚪᛗᚪᚱᛠᚾᛏᚪ ᛉᚢᚱᚳᚪᚱᛁ ᛈᚱᚪᚠᚪᚪ ᛏᚾᛄᚪᚠᚪ, ᚾᚩᛒᚩᛄ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᛖᛄᚪ ᚾᛁᛞᚢ ᚾᛁᚳ ᛏᚩᚳᚪᛚᛒᚪ, ᚾᚣᛒᛏᚪᛗᚪ ᛁᚳᛖᚠᚪᛏᚢ ᛏᚪᚱᚪ ||| Et xibjæri nenėc’ sojamareanta xurkari pravada tnjava, ṇoboj nenėėja nidu nic’ tokalba, ṇybtamba ilevatu tara.  || All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
|}
|}
[[Category:Midgard]]
[[Category:Aldinea]]

Latest revision as of 18:03, 17 November 2019

Northumbric
ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ
Hjermymbervada
Pronunciation/d͡ʒəːmɪːmˌbɚːˈvad̪a/
Native toAmbrose
RegionEsquarium
Native speakers
6,644,000 (2016)
Uralic
Early form
Runic
Latin
Official status
Official language in
 Ambrose
Regulated byNorthumbric Language Preservation Institute
Language codes
ISO 639-3nmb

Northumbric (ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ tr. Hjermymbervada, "language of the north river") is a Nevanic language spoken in the Northumberland region of Ambrose. It is a member of the Voragonevanic language family, with its closest modern relative (aside from several other Hyperborean minority languages) being the distantly-related Conitonevanic Mespalian language. As such, it is derived primarily from Common Voragonevanic, although since the 11th century it has been subject to significant Anglo-Saxon influence.

Despite its status as the most widely spoken Voragonevanic language in Esquarium, it is spoken by a minority of Northumbrians — only 6,644,000 native speakers as of 2016, approximately 45% of the total Northumbrian population. Largely due to 19th and 20th century Ambrosian language politics, it has been supplanted as a first language by Anglish throughout much of the Northumberland. However, it persists as a vernacular in several rural and isolated regions of Tyemara, Collmagorscoye, and Ulfstead.

Orthography

The 32-character alphabet of the Northumbric language is based on the Runic script; specifically the Anglish futhorc, a rune set derived from the Sjealandian elder futhark. Unlike modern Anglish, it continues to be written in Runic as well as being transliterated to the Latin script, using the standard 26 letters as well as additional characters: ʼ and ˮ.

ᚠ
/f/		 ᚢ
/u/		 ᚦ
/θ/		 ᚩ
/o/		 ᚱ
/r/		 ᚳ
/k/		 ᚷ
/ɣ/		 ᚹ
/w/		 ᚻ
/h/		 ᚾ
/n/		 ᛁ
/i/
ᛄ
/j/		 ᛇ
/ç/		 ᛈ
/p/		 ᛉ
/ks/		 ᛋ
/s/		 ᛏ
/t/		 ᛒ
/b/		 ᛖ
/e/		 ᛗ
/m/		 ᛚ
/l/		 ᛝ
/ŋg/
ᛟ
/e:/		 ᛞ
/d/		 ᚪ
/a/		 ᚫ
/æ/		 ᚣ
/y/		 ᛡ
/ja/		 ᛠ
/æɑ/		 ᛢ
/kw/		 ᛥ
/st/		 ᚸ
/g/		 ˮ
/ʔ/

The Runic script has no direct counterpart for the phoneme schwa, [ə], and as such it may appear as may appear as ⟨ᚪ⟩ or ⟨ᚩ⟩.

Phonology

Vowels

Northumbric vowels
Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded
Close i, iː ɯ, ɯ̟ u, ʊ
Mid ə, ɘː ɤ, ɤ̝ o̞, o̞ː
Open a, aː

Consonants

Northumbric consonants
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plain Pl Plain Pl Plain Pl Plain Pl
Nasal m mʲ n nʲ ŋ
Plosive Voiced b bʲ d dʲ ɡ ʔ̬
Voiceless p pʲ t tʲ k kʲ ʔ
Affricate t͡s t͡sʲ
Fricative Voiced (v) z zʲ (ɣ)
Voiceless (f) s sʲ ɕ h hʲ
Trill r rʲ
Approximant w l lʲ j (ʍ)

Sample

Northumbric Runic Transliteration English translation
ᛖᛏ ᛉᛁᛒᛄᚫᚱᛁ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᚳ ᛋᚩᛄᚪᛗᚪᚱᛠᚾᛏᚪ ᛉᚢᚱᚳᚪᚱᛁ ᛈᚱᚪᚠᚪᚪ ᛏᚾᛄᚪᚠᚪ, ᚾᚩᛒᚩᛄ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᛖᛄᚪ ᚾᛁᛞᚢ ᚾᛁᚳ ᛏᚩᚳᚪᛚᛒᚪ, ᚾᚣᛒᛏᚪᛗᚪ ᛁᚳᛖᚠᚪᛏᚢ ᛏᚪᚱᚪ Et xibjæri nenėc’ sojamareanta xurkari pravada tnjava, ṇoboj nenėėja nidu nic’ tokalba, ṇybtamba ilevatu tara. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Northumbric_language&oldid=130884"