Northumbric language
| Northumbric | |
|---|---|
| ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ Hjermymbervada | |
| Pronunciation | /d͡ʒəːmɪːmˌbɚːˈvad̪a/ |
| Native to | Ambrose |
| Region | Esquarium |
Native speakers | 6,644,000 (2016) |
Uralic
| |
Early form | |
| Runic Latin | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Ambrose
|
| Regulated by | Northumbric Language Preservation Institute |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nmb |
Northumbric (ᛄᛠᚱᛗᚣᛗᛒᚢᚱᚠᚪᛞᚪ tr. Hjermymbervada, "language of the north river") is a Nevanic language spoken in the Northumberland region of Ambrose. It is a member of the Voragonevanic language family, with its closest modern relative (aside from several other Hyperborean minority languages) being the distantly-related Conitonevanic Mespalian language. As such, it is derived primarily from Common Voragonevanic, although since the 11th century it has been subject to significant Anglo-Saxon influence.
Despite its status as the most widely spoken Voragonevanic language in Esquarium, it is spoken by a minority of Northumbrians — only 6,644,000 native speakers as of 2016, approximately 45% of the total Northumbrian population. Largely due to 19th and 20th century Ambrosian language politics, it has been supplanted as a first language by Anglish throughout much of the Northumberland. However, it persists as a vernacular in several rural and isolated regions of Tyemara, Collmagorscoye, and Ulfstead.
Orthography
The 32-character alphabet of the Northumbric language is based on the Runic script; specifically the Anglish futhorc, a rune set derived from the Sjealandian elder futhark. Unlike modern Anglish, it continues to be written in Runic as well as being transliterated to the Latin script, using the standard 26 letters as well as additional characters: ʼ and ˮ.
| ᚠ /f/ |
ᚢ /u/ |
ᚦ /θ/ |
ᚩ /o/ |
ᚱ /r/ |
ᚳ /k/ |
ᚷ /ɣ/ |
ᚹ /w/ |
ᚻ /h/ |
ᚾ /n/ |
ᛁ /i/ |
| ᛄ /j/ |
ᛇ /ç/ |
ᛈ /p/ |
ᛉ /ks/ |
ᛋ /s/ |
ᛏ /t/ |
ᛒ /b/ |
ᛖ /e/ |
ᛗ /m/ |
ᛚ /l/ |
ᛝ /ŋg/ |
| ᛟ /e:/ |
ᛞ /d/ |
ᚪ /a/ |
ᚫ /æ/ |
ᚣ /y/ |
ᛡ /ja/ |
ᛠ /æɑ/ |
ᛢ /kw/ |
ᛥ /st/ |
ᚸ /g/ |
ˮ /ʔ/ |
The Runic script has no direct counterpart for the phoneme schwa, [ə], and as such it may appear as may appear as ⟨ᚪ⟩ or ⟨ᚩ⟩.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i, iː | ɯ, ɯ̟ | u, ʊ | |||
| Mid | ə, ɘː | ɤ, ɤ̝ | o̞, o̞ː | |||
| Open | a, aː | |||||
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Pl | Plain | Pl | Plain | Pl | Plain | Pl | ||||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive | Voiced | b | bʲ | d | dʲ | ɡ | ʔ̬ | ||||
| Voiceless | p | pʲ | t | tʲ | k | kʲ | ʔ | ||||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡sʲ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Voiced | (v) | z | zʲ | (ɣ) | ||||||
| Voiceless | (f) | s | sʲ | ɕ | h | hʲ | |||||
| Trill | r | rʲ | |||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | lʲ | j | (ʍ) | ||||||
Sample
| Northumbric Runic | Transliteration | English translation |
| ᛖᛏ ᛉᛁᛒᛄᚫᚱᛁ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᚳ ᛋᚩᛄᚪᛗᚪᚱᛠᚾᛏᚪ ᛉᚢᚱᚳᚪᚱᛁ ᛈᚱᚪᚠᚪᚪ ᛏᚾᛄᚪᚠᚪ, ᚾᚩᛒᚩᛄ ᚾᛖᚾᛖᛖᛄᚪ ᚾᛁᛞᚢ ᚾᛁᚳ ᛏᚩᚳᚪᛚᛒᚪ, ᚾᚣᛒᛏᚪᛗᚪ ᛁᚳᛖᚠᚪᛏᚢ ᛏᚪᚱᚪ | Et xibjæri nenėc’ sojamareanta xurkari pravada tnjava, ṇoboj nenėėja nidu nic’ tokalba, ṇybtamba ilevatu tara. | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |