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Grand Duchy of Polnitsa Polnitske Wulkowójwodstwo (Polnitsan)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Polnitska Přeco ("Polnitsa Forever")
Anthem: Polnitske Přichodny Onward for Polnitsa
Grand Ducal Badge: File:Grand Ducal Badge of Polnitsa.png
Location of Polnitsa (dark green) – in Belisaria (dark grey)
Political map of Polnitsa Political map of Polnitsa
Capital and largest city	Modbrjoh
Official language and national language	Polnitsan
Ethnic groups (2020)	81% Polnitsan 6% Livalian 6% Gariman 4% Gariman 4% Other
Religion (2020)	43% Emendatic Nazarism 22% Unaffiliated/none 20% Fabrian Catholicism 8% Argovian Christianity 3% Judaism 4% Other
Demonym(s)	Polnitsan
Government	Unitary constitutional monarchy
• Grand Duke	Charles I
• Chancellor	Kito Symanski
• President of the National Diet	Bohumir Kowar
Legislature	National Diet
Independence from the Kingdom of Livalia
• Proclamation	7 June 1499
• Recognized	30 July 1518
• North-South division	22 September 1943
• Treaty of Ascanium	4 March 2005
• Reunification	20 June 2006
• Current constitution adopted	17 March 2012
Area
• Total	16,896 km2 (6,524 sq mi) (Xth)
Population
• 2020 census	3,950,421
• Density	233.8/km2 (605.5/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$88.1 billion
• Per capita	$22,297
Currency	Złoty (zł) (POZ)
Time zone	UTC+1 (BCT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+475
Internet TLD	.po

Polnitsa (Polnitsan: Polnitske Republika) is a unitary constitutional monarchy in Central Belisaria. It is one of the least populous countries in Belisaria. Polnitsa is located located along the west coast of Lake Kupalnitsa, covering an area of 16,896 square kilometers, with a population of 3,950,421. It is bordered by Ostrozava to the north and Garima to the west and south. The largest city and capital is Modbrjoh, which also serves as its main financial center.

Various Leuten tribes inhabited the area of modern Polnitsa since the classical period. The area fell under control of Tervingia in the 1st century BCE, and remained so until X and the impending collapse of the High Kingdom. The 5th century Slavic migrations resulted in the [GROUP] settling in Polnitsa, who are regarded as the predecessors of modern Polnitsans. [GROUP] independence was short-lived, and fell under control of the Kingdom of Livalia by 700. Later as a Livalian tributary state, local nobleman Boleslaw Lesorn led a revolt against Livalia and proclaimed himself the Grand Duke of Polnitsa, on 7 June 1499. Despite recognition of its independence, Polnitsa again fell under the sway of either Livalia or the Holy Audonian Empire, later Garima. Polnitsa often faced persecution for its peoples' adherence to Emendatic Nazarism, which led to Grand Duke Barnim I converting to Catholicism to avoid further Audonian invasions. As of the 2013 constitution, Polnitsa is a secular state.

Following the revolution in neighboring Ostrozava, Polnitsa faced its own anti-monarchist revolution in 1939. The 1939 revolution resulted in a 5 year long civil war that ultimately ended in a ceasefire and de facto split of the country into the northern Prime Republic of Polnitsa and the southern Grand Duchy of Polnitsa. The civil war did not officially end until 4 March 2005 and the re-unification of Polnitsa following the Treaty of Ascanium. Re-unification became officially following the December 2005 referendum, which approved uniting the north and south by a heavy margin. The subsequent re-unification process, national rebuilding, and the forced abdication of Grand Duke Louis Ferdinand I remained costly, and a process from which the country had only begun to overcome in 2020.

Today, Polnitsa has the #th economy in the world. It is considered a developing nation with a middle income economy, dominated by a growing service sector and followed by manufacturing and agriculture. Polnitsa went through harsh economy troubles following re-unification and the merging of economies to create a market-based system. Polnitsa provides universal health care and free primary and secondary education to citizens and most permanent residents. It is a member of the Forum of Nations, Angrast Accord, and X.

Etymology

Polnitsa is an endonym that primarily derives its name from the neighboring Lake Kupalnitsa. The name is a combination of the Polnitsan "po", meaning by, on, or nearby, and "-nista" from Kupalnitsa; therefore, translating to "people near the Kupalnitsa. Lake Kupalnitsa itself is named after Kupalnitsa, Slavic goddess of the night, due to the considerable depth of the lake.

Politics and government

Main article: Politics of Polnitsa

Grand Duke Charles I
Monarch since 2013

Kito Symanski
Chancellor since 2019

As head of state, the Grand Duke is charged with representing Polnitsa abroad and in foreign affairs. The constitution grants the Grand Duke a veto right over all legislature passed by the National Diet, as all legislation requires the Grand Duke's consent. The Grand Duke opens the National Diet and may dissolve the legislative body, propose legislation, call for popular referendums, declare war, conclude treaties, and declare a state of emergency. Executive authority, however, is vested through the Cabinet, whose members are chosen in concert by the Grand Duke and Chancellor. Constitutionally, the Cabinet must reflect the the composition of the National Diet. Cabinet ministers are jointly responsible to the Grand Duke and National Diet, but only the Grand Duke has the authority to dismiss cabinet ministers.

The National Diet is the unicameral legislature of Polnitsa, and is responsible for legislative functions. It consists of 80 seats, elected every four years according to a single-member district system. Elections for the Diet have been dominated by a two to two and a half party system since the introduction of elective politics following the adoption of the 1966 constitution. The Chancellor is often regarded as the leader of the Diet; however, the President of the Diet is the presiding officer of the legislature and oversees day-to-day activity. The President of the Diet is expected to remain politically independent.

Law in Polnitsa is based on civil law system that draws influences from Latin law, Audonias-Gariman law, which are codified into the Sophian Codes of Law and Polnitsan Penal Code. The Judiciary of Polnitsa is composed of a multi-tier court system, the Supreme Court, which serves as the court of last resort for all ordinary (civil and criminal) matters; the Constitutional Council, which serves as the court of last resort for administrative, constitutional, and other public law matters; the Courts of Appeal, which is the intermediate court; and the Courts of Common Cause, which serves as the nation's general trial court. Judges are appointed by the Grand Duke of a life term; however, the Grand Duke may remove a judge with the consent of the Diet.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Polnitsa

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Polnitsa

Military

Main article: Polnitsan Defense Forces