Imperial Republic of Anikatia

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Imperial Republic of Anikatia

안니카탸 제국 공화국
Annikatya Jegug Gonghwagug
1913–1951
Motto: 
  • 화합, 평화와 자유
  • Hwahab, Pyeonghwawa Jayu
  • Unity, Peace and Freedom
Anthem: 
  • 해방과 자유
  • Haebang-gwa Jayu
  • Liberation and Freedom
Map of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia
Map of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia
Location of  Imperial Republic of Anikatia  (green) in Pardes  (dark grey)
Location of  Imperial Republic of Anikatia  (green)

in Pardes  (dark grey)

CapitalAntiytia
Common languagesAnikatian
Religion
Yeosindo
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Emperor 
• 1913-1951
Yeunggi
President 
• 1913-1917
Song Yeong-sik (first)
• 1937-1951
Jeon Choong-sik (last)
LegislatureParliament of Anikatia
Legislative Council
House of Assembly
History 
• Established
11 October 1913
1 May 1951
CurrencyAnikuro (ANKO) (₳)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
File:Flag Aekkychan Empire.png Aekkychan Empire
File:Flag Anikatia(1790-1854).png Protectorate of Kwontyani
Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia File:Flag Anikatia(1980-2001).png
Anikatian government-in-exile File:Flag Anikatia(1951-1980).png
  1. ...

The Imperial Republic of Anikatia (Anikatian: 안니카탸 제국 공화국; Annikatya Jegug Gonghwagug), was Anikatia's first independent government, comprising the mainland of the continent, the islands of Anjutya, along with numerous smaller islands within the Western Kasaishima region of Pardes. It ruled the country from 1913 to 1951, when it was overthrown by a revolutionary socialist government. Its capital and most populous city was Antiytia. Anikatia was considered a cradle of civilization, with its known history beginning with some of the world's earliest ancient civilizations. For millennia, Anikatia's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, known as dynasties, beginning with the semi-mythological Zi'yohek dynasty (c. 2800 BCE).[1] Since 221 BCE, when the Kyoi-Hu state first conquered several smaller states to form an Anikatian empire, the country has which it has seen cycles of expansion, prosperity along with periods of decline and fracture. The Republic of Anikatia a constitutional monarchy attempted efforts of industrialisation and modernisation, but conflicts with the colonial powers and war with Prestonia when they launched a full-scale invasion of Belfrasian controlled Anikatian in 1940s sparking the Great Eastern War meant nation building took a backseat. During the prolonged large-scale war that rapidly spread across northern Anikatia, Prestonia invaded and occupied coastal areas. Following an end to the conflict in 1948 The Republic of Anikatia a constitutional monarchy was defeated in a brutal civil war in which the Socialist rebels overthrew the last dynasty and established the Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia in Antiytia on 1 May 1951.[2]

History

Beginnings

Human habitation of the Anikatia is estimated to have begun between 35,000 and 38,000 years ago, possibly with the migration of people by short sea-crossings from neighboiring islands.[3] These first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Jiyeongeul, who are also found on the neighbouring continent of Ashizwe. From period a diverse number of ethnic groups emerged either from migration of adaption to the landscape and climate. At the time of Belfrasian settlement in the late 17th century, Their were around six dominate ethic groups spread throughout the continent of Azumakya.[4] The Belfrasian settlers arriving the southern parts of the mainland discovering the smaller Chijich'en and Jiyeongeul tribes. While ealier Ulthrannic and Sieuxrttian traders have discovered the Ky'iushqīn kingdom, Xi'Kytiahu dynasty and along with the Mahyrncan Empire.[5] [6] Arthristan traders had discovered the remains of the Ak'ijianun kingdom. These native civilizations emerged at least three millennia ago in the lowland area of the main islands. Many aspects of this culture persist in the area despite nearly 200 years of colonization and domination by imperial powers. Prior to the rise of the three main kingdoms, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture, who include ancestors of both the contemporary Jiyeongeul people and Kypsyak people, characterised by pit dwelling and rudimentary agriculture. some hunting and foraging bands settled in small farming villages.

Dynastic Anikatia

A Hei'kyoi tomb mural.

The early rise of these new civilizations spread themselves over what is now Anikatia beginning in around 2200 BCE, and flourished there until colonization.[7] From 8th century BCE marked the emergence of a strong Anikatian state, centered on an imperial court in Hei'kyoi (modern Heyani).[8] This period is characterized by the appearance of a complex literature as well as the development of impressive art and architecture it is here when a distinctly indigenous Anikatian culture emerged. The first Anikatian dynasty that left historical records, the loosely feudal Zi'yohek, settled along the Bazin river in eastern Anikatia from the 6th to 3rd century BCE.[9] The records of Zi'yohek Dynasty represents the oldest form of Anikatian writing yet found, and is a direct ancestor of modern Jiyeongeul and Kypsyak written languages. The Kyoi-Hu state which ruled, until its centralized authority was slowly eroded by warlords. Many independent states eventually emerged from the weakened Kyoi-Hu state and continually waged war with each other until 289 CE.[10] [11] By this time there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is now Anikatia, each with its own king, ministry and army.[12] [13]

Kingdoms and Empires

From the 3rd to 12th century the Anikatian native civilizations reached their zenith. The first to rise was the Mahyrncan Empire during the 3rd century along the eastern coast of Anikatia, it consisted mainly of the descendants of the modern Riyanu and Kypsyak ethnic groups.[14] It was not a unified forced but rather an amalgamation of languages, cultures and peoples. The components of the empire were not all uniformly loyal, nor were the local cultures all fully integrated. It was followed by the Ky'iushqīn kingdom, Xi'Kytiahu dynasty and Ak'ijianun kingdom in the north east from the 6th and 7th century respectively.[15] The Mahyrncan Empire controlled at its height controlled largest extend of island with territory covering almost half the eastern side of the mainland, and is represented by countless sites throughout Anikatia. Under the Mahyrncan Empire, Anikatia enjoyed another golden age, developing a rich economy amid a flourishing of art and culture. It was during this period that Empire began expanding south from the 487 until 902 when it had reached what is now Jeongaelguk.[16] Then it expanded north from 960 however the advance north was halted after the Battle of the Kuiya where they met determined resistance by the Xi'Kytiahu Dynasty. The empire's push into the north was pushed back by the dynasty in 1279.

Early Colonisation

Painting in tribute to Maria Lucila Castaño

While not much is known it is certain Sieuxerrian sailors and explorers had begun trading and creating outposts with the Mahyrncan Empire from around 1400-1500s.[17] External trade did not much interest the empire which was busy trying to manage its large and diverse populations. In these early years smallpox, introduced from Sieuxerr and preceding the Ulthrannic conquerors swept through the Mahyrncan Empire. The death of the Mahyrncan ruler Ka-Shij Yi'apnic as well as most of his family including his heir, caused the fall of the Mahyrncan political structure and contributed to the civil war between the brother and sister Ka-huá Zyranu and La-Jyuiao Xi'an.[18] Quickly following the Sieuxerr into Anikatia was the Grand Ulthrannic Empire, whose explorer Pedro de Borica set off with two vessels on the privately funded expedition discovered the island of Anjutya on the western coast of Anikatia. It was a tiny outpost of the small Ky'iushqīn kingdom, the Ulthrannic explorer quickly setup trading routes with the local kingdom. New infectious diseases, endemic to Sieuxerrian, Ulthrannic and later Belfrasians people, continued to cause high fatalities among the native populations.[19] Successive Ulthrannic efforts saw the complete control of the Anjutya island as a trading post of the Ulthrannic Empire, leading to the collaspe of the fragile Ky'iushqīn dynasty. Ulthrannic colonization brought new groups of people to the country. Many settled in Anikatia, particularly among the fully Ulthrannic controlled Anjutya and smaller island groups along the north coast of the Anikatian mainland. Some of those settlers intermarried with the indigenous population, although intermarriage was slight. This gave rise to the Ak'ulyti or individuals of mixed Akichan and Ulthrannic descent.[20] Later efforts of the Ulthrannic Empire saw privateering parties of conquistadoras such as Maria Lucila Castaño who later became known as the The Iron Duchess of Anikatia.[21] [22] Who were instrumental in reforming and shaping the northern Xi'Kytiahu Dynasty (loosely related to the north western island Ky'ishqīn dynasty) into a Empire. The effects of these reforms which led to many changes within the local Akichan, and wider Anikatian communities, as a result the legacy of her role in shaping the local culture can still be felt today. As such she remains a highly controversial but central figure in Anikatian history. This was achieved by carring out a coup d'état, ensuring that a new friendly ruler, Empress Jy'jito Äyeh-Lümei assumed power. The new Lümei Dynasty came to be known as the Aekkychan Empire or Imperio Anikatya to the Ulthrannic for the largest ethinc group the Akicha. This new regime was reorganised by the Ulthrannic advisors with slave trading primarily of the nomadic Jiyeongeul inner desert tribes as its main economic activity along with Jiyeongeul and Kypsyak peoples used a forced labor as its primary workforce for mining of precious minerals. This was achieved by expanding into to the inlands of Anikatia. Supported by the power Ulthrannic Empire, the new Aekkychan Empire expand against the northern Ak'ijianun kingdom and to the south into the declining of the Mahyrncan Empire. By this period the Mahyrncan Empire was already fragmenting heavily and in steep decline. In a violent and bloody war the Aekkychan Empire with superior technology and weapons managed crush the Ak'ijianun kingdom from the mainland. Surviving only on the furthest far eastern Seulbyeni islands.[23]

Formation

In 1668 Isaac Unaipon while exploring for the Belfrasian empire sailed near the region and sighting and mapped some of the south eastern coast and claimed the area for Belfras. Believing the area to be uninhabited Belfrasian vessels returned with the intend to settle a colony. They discovered the Chijich'en ethnic groups in nominally tribal groups who were mostly friendly towards the settlers. The Belfrasian settlers quickly setup the colony with the first settlement leading to the foundation of Delnaytn (now Buchyeon), the establishment of farming, industry and commerce; and the exploration and settlement of other regions. In 1686, Isaac Unaipon returned with his Belfrasian settlement fleet of vessels founded the first Belfrasian settlement in Anikatian history. Captain Isaac Unaipon assumed the role of governor of the settlement on arrival in 1686 until 1720. As the Belfrasian gained control further north, they wanted to expand their new sphere of influence by making the native Mahyrncan Empire a protectorate, an offer initially refused by the Emperor. The Mahyrncan Emperors refusal to accept a protectorate led eventually to war, which ended with the capitulation of the Mahyrncan Empire.

Mahyrncan Convention

The death of the Mahyrncan ruler Ka-Shij Yi'apnic as well as most of his family including his heir, caused the fall of the Mahyrncan political structure and contributed to the civil war between the brother and sister Ka-huá Zyranu and La-Jyuiao Xi'an. As a result the rule of the current emperor of the Mahyrncan Empire was not favoured by his chieftains. The emperor, who was of part-Sieuxerrian ancestry, was wildly unpopular and sought cruel measures to repress the popularity of his powerful chieftains with the people. A successful coup was organised by the chiefs in which they accepted the Belfrasians crown as their new sovereign. This ended the line of the Mahyrncan Emperors and Emperor was taken as a prisoner, ending his hope that the Belfrasians would allow him to retain power. The war spelt the end of a cruel tyrant who tortured the aristocracy at will in one of the cruel ways. The Mahyrncan treaty which was signed in 1801 was called the Mahyrncan Convention and stated the terms under which the Mahyrncans would live as a Belfrasian protectorate. The Yeosindo religion was to be given protection by the Crown, and Christianity would not be imposed on the population, as had been attempted by the Sieuxerrian colonial rule. The Mahyrncan Convention was an important legal document because it specifies the conditions which the Belfrasians promised for the Mahyrncan territory. For economic and strategic reasons, the Belfrasians then annexed the Protectorate with the creation of new Dominion of Anikatia.

The Mahyrncan Rebellion

It took the ruling families of the Mahyrncan Empire less than two years to realise that the authority of the new Belfrasian government was a fundamentally different one to the Sieuxerrian one that supported them. The Belfrasians took a far more hands-on approach that concerned the Mahyrncan Empire which rebelled against the Belfrasians and waged a guerrilla war. Discontent with the Belfrasians activities soon boiled over into open rebellion, commencing in the so called Mahyrncan Rebellion, also known as the Third Annikatyan War, when, according to a dissertation written by historians, the Belfrasians rulers killed everyone from the Aekkychan nobility. The main cause of the rebellion was the Belfrasians authorities' failure to protect and uphold the customary Yeosindo traditions, which were viewed by the Annikatyans as an integral part of their lives.

The rebellion, which soon developed into a guerrilla war of the kind the Mahyrncan had fought against the Ulthrannic and Sieuxerrian powers for centuries, was centred on the Mahyrncan nobility and their unhappiness with developments under Belfrasians rule. However it was the last uprising of this kind and Belfrasians brutal response massacred the rebels, as a warning to the rest of the Anikatian communities and later annexation the Mahyrncan Empire to Belfrasian Empire in 1805.

Late Colonisation

A Belfrasian ships entering Port in Daesuyojin on 5 June 1836 by R. Lee Myron.

It was by the late 1600s, the Kingdom of Belfras and People’s Commonwealth of Arthurista would discover Anikatia. In 1668 Isaac Unaipon while exploring for the Belfrasian empire sailed near the region and sighting and mapped some of the south eastern coast and claimed the area for Belfras.[24] Believing the area to be uninhabited Belfrasian vessels returned with the intend to settle a colony. They discovered the Chijich'en ethnic groups in nominally tribal groups who were mostly friendly towards the settlers. The Belfrasian settlers quickly setup the colony with the first settlement leading to the foundation of Delnaytn (now Buchyeon), the establishment of farming, industry and commerce; and the exploration and settlement of other regions. In 1688 Thomas Norton a privateer and adventurer of the People’s Commonwealth of Arthurista took a group of mercenaries while exploring discovered the Seulbyeni islands.[25] Norton had discovered the last surviving sections of the Ak'ijianun kingdom, he offered the Ak'ijianun king who ruled the islands the choice of selling them for a vastly undervalued price for his use as a ‘trading post’, or further territorial loss imposed by force. The former option was chosen, and thus began the period of Arthuristan rule in the islands of Seulbyeni comprising the remaining elements of the Ak'ijianun Kingdom. [26] Meanwhile the Belfrasian settlers quickly expanded out into the largely depopulated and empty desert areas of the Jiyeongeul tribes, who were being sold into slavery by the Grand Ulthrannic Empire. While to the north west Settlers came into contact with the now fragmented remains of the Mahyrncan Empire and further a field outposts of Sieuxerr.[27] From the 1700-1800s the Belfrasian Empire expands while the efforts of Sieuxerr and the Grand Ulthrannic Empire begin to turn away from colonization. Following several major wars and skirmishes the Kingdom of Belfras would expand and eventually gains control of the whole continent consolidating and unifying it into a single colonial dominion. This came with the fall of Ulthrannic Empire's puppet state the Aekkychan Empire, all of continental Anikatia came under Belfrasian rule, being annexed on 1 January 1854. Belfrasian rule brought social, economic, cultural and administrative changes. Throughout the colonial era, many Belfrasian arrived as soldiers, civil servants, construction workers and traders and, along with the Anglo-Anikatian community, dominated commercial and civil life in Anikatia. A government policy of assimilation beginning with the Protection of Indigenous People's Act 1792 resulted in the removal of many native children from their families and communities a practice which may also have contributed to the decline in the indigenous population particularity the Zihsilei.[28] As a colony, Anikatia began to attract Belfrasian and Ulthrannic investors. Among the Belfrasian firms that dominated the colony in the late 19th century was the Timayev Basket Weave and Produce Company, which eventually acquired third of all the privately held land in the colony. Timayev Basket-weave and Produce Company's influence accounts in part for the colony's reliance on the basket weaving trade throughout the rest of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.

Struggle for Independence

Demonstration for greater freedoms and full independence from Belfras.

Anikatian resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed the capital on occasions all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Anikatian culture and traditions such as the Belfrasians refusal to remove shoes when they entered homes, or temples. Yeosindo monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. In response to local opposition the Belfrasian Empire formally ended most of the constitutional links between Anikatia and Belfras on On 12 April 1932, effectively establishing the legislative independence of the self-governing Dominions within the Belfrasian Empire. In the following years the colonial economy suffered due to the tumultuous economic conditions due to the global conflicts raging in this period.[29] The effects were widespread unemployment which were worsened by a devastating flood that struck the colony's industries in 1934. Perceptions of the government's relief effort as inadequate were aggravated by its refusal to legalise labour unions or introduce a minimum wage. Economic conditions improved during 1940s when many Belfrasian military industries moved to the island for it's low taxes and protection. In particular many Belfrasian aviation companies moved because of the favourable weather that provided greater evaluation of aircraft performance, or reliability than was possible on Belfras.[30] This considerably benefited the local colonial armed forces, which were generally ill-equipped and poorly organised. The colony's economy continued to suffer as a result of poor management by local Belfrasian colonial government officials, this poor administration and lack of regard for colonial workers ultimately culminated in the the formation of the Communist People's Party in 1947, which demanded independence among other issues such as better working conditions and a minimum wage.

Independence

In June 1948, Belfrasian colonial government agreed in principal and accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Anikatia, selecting the seat of government within the largest city Antiytia in 1949.[31] However growing fears among the predominantly Anglo-Belfrasian colonial government that the popular Communist People's Party and other growing socialist movements, which had wide support among the native ethnic minorities would gain power. Therefore as part of the 1950 constitution they banned the formation of any communist or socialist parties, this was a wildly unpopular move and the Communist People's Party strongly opposed it on the grounds it would restrict freedoms of speech and association. [32] [33] Nonetheless, the opposition to the ban only served to highlight the concerns of the Belfrasian colonial government and the constitution was ultimately approved which led to the first general elections and to independence on 1 May 1951. Kavf Byzaevsno, a wealthy Anglo-Anikatian businessman, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice. Anikatia enjoyed a successful post colonial boom with major Belfrasian industries such Wallis Thornton Aeronautical Manufacturing, Brault and Telford Productions Ltd remaining within the country. Because of this large manufacturing base left behind by the Belfrasian colonization many automotive companies were created, with the major one being the government supported Anikatia Auto Union. These businesses steadily to become innovative and prominent within the region.

Government and politics

Anikatia was a constitutional monarchy whereby the power of the Emperor was very limited and acted as a ceremonial figurehead. Power was held chiefly by the President who was elected by popular vote and was the formal head of state. [34] Anikatia's legislative organ was the Parliament, a bicameral parliament. Which consists of a House of Assembly with 440 seats, elected by popular vote every four years or when dissolved, and a Legislative Council of 240 seats, whose popularly elected members serve six-year terms. There was limited suffrage for certain adults over 18 years of age, with a secret ballot for all elected offices. The President of Anikatia was the head of government and was appointed by the Emperor after being designated by the Parliament from among its members. The President is the head of the Cabinet, and he appoints and dismisses the Ministers of State. Although the President was formally appointed by the Emperor, the Constitution requires the Emperor to appoint whoever is designated by the Parliament. Laws, acts of the parliament and the cabinet, imperial decrees, may be abrogated by the Constitutional Court of Anikatia, should they be found to violate the Constitution of Anikatia. Other normative acts are subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court of Anikatia was the main body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.[35]

Foreign relations and military

Anikatia's armed forces were - the Anikatian Imperial Force (AIF), consists of the Anikatian Imperial Army (AIA), Anikatian Imperial Air Force (AIAF), Anikatian Imperial Navy (AIN), had the stated responsibility for the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory. The Anikatian Imperial Naval Forces included the Anikatian Naval Fleet Air Arm and Anikatian Imperial Marines.

Anikatia sought to align itself very strongly with Belfras, Myrdesia it also developed close ties with Saarland and Temuair. The Republic created bilateral ties with the United Republic of Emmeria, Belhavia, Rodarion, Estovnia, Eagleland, Tippercommon, along with more distant but cordial relations with Arthurista, and Prestonia which it still had long standing disagreements. [36]

Administrative divisions

Anikatia had ten provinces — Akyannya, Daekueongtye, Gwokue, Gyeolgung, Gyeongkeul, Jaekwonju, South Kwontyani, Kyoi, Pyongtya, and Ulsanghae. Along with the provinces were three autonomous regions, Kyongueok (Nouvelle-Sieuxerr), Jinju Jedo (Islas de Perla), Anjutya and one special administrative regions, the Yuntai Islands. Each province had its own bicameral parliament. The provinces were sovereign entities, although they were subject to certain powers of the Federal government as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses were known as the House of Assembly; the upper houses were known as the Legislative Assembly. The head of the government in each provinces was the Premier. The autonomous administrative territories had their own local government and more legislative rights.

Climate

The climate of the Anikatia was significantly influenced by ocean currents, which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces cyclones in south east. These factors caused rainfall to vary markedly from year to year. Much of the northern parts of the country had a tropical, predominantly summer-rainfall (monsoon) climate. The south eastern corners of the country had a Mediterranean climate. Much of the south west was temperate.

Economy

The economy was traditionally fueled by exporting commodities rather than manufacturing which dates back to the colonial exports of the natural resources.[37] Key exports consisted of tea, rubber, coffee and coconuts. Along with exports of livestock and rice and wheat. Anikatia was the world's leading exporter of tea, with over 200,000 tonnes of tea being shipped internationally annually. Since the early settlement, the growth of Anikatia's manufacturing, mining, and service sector has transformed the nations from a largely rural economy to a urbanised industrial one.[38]

Energy

The Anikatia was rich in energy resources. The establishment of a mining industry continued the high level of economic growth in the post-colonial period. As the economy expanded, large-scale immigration became necessary to satisfy the growing demand for workers. The DRSA mining operations from mining iron-ore, gold and later uranium.[39] It contained some of the region's largest proven uranium reserves.

Demographics

Anikatia officially recognizes 7 distinct native ethnic groups, the largest of which are the Akicha, who constitute about 81.47% of the total population. The Akicha ethnic group outnumber other ethnic groups in every province and territory division except Jinju Jedo (Islas de Perla). A largely homogeneous social and ethnic group, the Akicha possessed a significant political and economic influence over the country.

Language

Anikatian was the official languages. Anikatian was used in government, education, print, broadcast media, and business. Despite government attempts English remained entrenched as the de facto secondary national language and was used extensively in business and administration and it is important in education, especially as a medium of higher education along with international trade. It is thought that up to 22 Indigenous languages existed at the time of first contact, of which only select few have survived among the six major ethnic groups. [40] [41] These are the Akicha, Kyjianu, Chijich'en, Kypsyak Riyanu languages and the remaining Jiyeongeul languages The Jiyeongeul nomadic desert tribes are thought to have been most heavily effected by this lost of culture as they were thought to account for up to 16 distinct language groups.

Education

This period saw explosive growth in education at all levels. The Republic saw the full implementation of an educational system that had been planned in the colonial period. This education was shaped by the ideal that person who is a benefit to all, and sought to prepare students for participation in a democratic society. The most important aspect of this education policy was the introduction of universal compulsory education at the primary level. This requirement led to widespread school construction; by the end of the First Republic, primary-school enrollment had topped 95%.

Currency

The official currency of Anikatia was the Anikuro (AKO, symbol: ). The Currency Board, was replaced by the Central Bank of Anikatia, granting the country greater control over the currency. The Central Bank of Anikatia was the only institution in Anikatia that has the right to print banknotes and mint coins. The banknotes and coins were printed at a government-owned corporation, under the guidance of the Central Bank of Anikatia.

See also

References

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