Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia

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Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia
안니카탸 민주 사회주의 공화국
Annikatya Minju Sahŏejuŭi Gŏnghwagug
1951–2001
State Emblem of Anikatia
State Emblem
Motto: 
  • 만국의 노동자여, 단결하라!
  • Mangug-ui Nodŏngjayeo, Dangyeolhala!
  • "Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem: The Internationale
인터내셔널
(1951–1970)
Forward, Invincible Powerful Nation!
불패의 강국이여 앞으로
(1970–2001) [1]
Location of  Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia  (green) in Pardes  (dark grey)
Location of  Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia  (green)

in Pardes  (dark grey)

CapitalAntiytia
Common languagesAnikatian
Religion
None (State atheism)
GovernmentSingle-party socialist republic
General Secretary 
• 1951-1991
Kai Seul-ki
• 1991-1993
Wei Tsuchii
• 1993-1999
Choi Kyu-sik
• 1999-2001
Liu Kasym
Premier 
• 1951-1983
Myoh Kai-shek
• 1983-1997
Tokko Iida
• 1994-1999
Sakong Ilyaso
• 1999-2001
Rebiya Mitalipov
Chairman 
• 1951-1979
Kamil Yul Ts'ui
• 1979-1993
Aybek Nasyrov
• 1993-2001
Inzhu Hsueh
LegislatureNational People's Assembly
Historical eraCold War
• Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia proclaimed
1 May 1951
• Constitution amended
12 June 1951
• Fall of communism
17 October 2001
28 October 2001
Area
200113,867,500 km2 (5,354,300 sq mi)
4,517,900 km2 (1,744,400 sq mi)
Population
• 2001
172,987,989
CurrencyAnikuro (ANKO) (₳)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
File:Flag Anikatia(1951-1980).png Republic of Anikatia
File:Stveni flag.png Dominion of Seulbyeni
Anikatia File:Flag Anikatia.jpg
  1. ...

The Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia (DSRA; Anikatian: 안니카탸 민주 사회주의 공화국; Annikatya Minju Sahŏejuŭi Gŏnghwagug) sometimes colloquially shortened to as Socialist Anikatia, was a socialist state comprising the mainland of the Azumakya continent, within Pardes that existed between 1951 and 2001. It was governed as a single-party state by the Communist Party with Antiytia as its capital. Its government and economy were highly centralised. Geographically, its large size gave it a wide variety of landscapes, with subtropical rainforests in the north-east, large mountain ranges spanning the island from north to south, and dry desert in the south eastern side of the mainland. Although most of DSRA is consisted of temperate climate, it included a diverse range of habitats from dry desserts to tropical rainforests, and wass recognised as a megadiverse country. It was one of the main socialist nations in the Cold War and military pacts, such as the Otterup Pact which existed due to the ideological and political differences with Anti-Communist Bloc counterparts directed by the United Republic.

History

Beginnings

Human habitation of the Anikatia is estimated to have begun between 35,000 and 38,000 years ago, possibly with the migration of people by short sea-crossings from neighboiring islands.[2] These first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Jiyeongeul, who are also found on the neighbouring continent of Ashizwe. From period a diverse number of ethnic groups emerged either from migration of adaption to the landscape and climate. At the time of Belfrasian settlement in the late 17th century, Their were around six dominate ethic groups spread throughout the continent of Azumakya.[3] The Belfrasian settlers arriving the southern parts of the mainland discovering the smaller Chijich'en and Jiyeongeul tribes. While ealier Ulthrannic and Sieuxrttian traders have discovered the Ky'iushqīn kingdom, Xi'Kytiahu dynasty and along with the Mahyrncan Empire.[4] [5] Arthristan traders had discovered the remains of the A'kyjianun kingdom. These native civilizations emerged at least three millennia ago in the lowland area of the main islands. Many aspects of this culture persist in the area despite nearly 200 years of colonization and domination by imperial powers. Prior to the rise of the three main kingdoms, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture, who include ancestors of both the contemporary Jiyeongeul people and Kypshak people, characterised by pit dwelling and rudimentary agriculture. some hunting and foraging bands settled in small farming villages.

Dynastic Anikatia

The early rise of these new civilizations spread themselves over what is now Anikatia beginning in around 2200 BCE, and flourished there until colonization.[6] From 8th century BCE marked the emergence of a strong Anikatian state, centered on an imperial court in Hei'kyoi (modern Heyani).[7] This period is characterized by the appearance of a complex literature as well as the development of impressive art and architecture it is here when a distinctly indigenous Anikatian culture emerged. The first Anikatian dynasty that left historical records, the loosely feudal Zi'yohek, settled along the Bazin river in eastern Anikatia from the 6th to 3rd century BCE.[8] The records of Zi'yohek Dynasty represents the oldest form of Anikatian writing yet found, and is a direct ancestor of modern Jiyeongeul and Kypsyak written languages. The Kyoi-Hu state which ruled, until its centralized authority was slowly eroded by warlords. Many independent states eventually emerged from the weakened Kyoi-Hu state and continually waged war with each other until 289 CE.[9] [10] By this time there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is now Anikatia, each with its own king, ministry and army.[11] [12]

Kingdoms and Empires

From the 3rd to 12th century the Anikatian native civilizations reached their zenith. The first to rise was the Mahyrncan Empire during the 3rd century along the eastern coast of Anikatia, it consisted mainly of the descendants of the modern Li'yanu and Kypshak ethnic groups.[13] It was not a unified forced but rather an amalgamation of languages, cultures and peoples. The components of the empire were not all uniformly loyal, nor were the local cultures all fully integrated. It was followed by the Ky'iushqīn kingdom, Xi'Kytiahu dynasty and A'kyjianun kingdom in the north east from the 6th and 7th century respectively.[14] The Mahyrncan Empire controlled at its height controlled largest extend of island with territory covering almost half the eastern side of the mainland, and is represented by countless sites throughout Anikatia. Under the Mahyrncan Empire, Anikatia enjoyed another golden age, developing a rich economy amid a flourishing of art and culture. It was during this period that Empire began expanding south from the 487 until 902 when it had reached what is now the province of Gyeolgung.[15] Then it expanded north from 960 however the advance north was halted after the Battle of the Kuiya where they met determined resistance by the Xi'Kytiahu Dynasty. The empire's push into the north was pushed back by the dynasty in 1279.

Early Colonisation

Painting in tribute to Maria Lucila Castaño

While not much is known it is certain Sieuxerrian sailors and explorers had begun trading and creating outposts with the Mahyrncan Empire from around 1400-1500s.[16] External trade did not much interest the empire which was busy trying to manage its large and diverse populations. In these early years smallpox, introduced from Sieuxerr and preceding the Ulthrannic conquerors swept through the Mahyrncan Empire. The death of the Mahyrncan ruler Ka-Shij Yi'apnic as well as most of his family including his heir, caused the fall of the Mahyrncan political structure and contributed to the civil war between the brother and sister Ka-huá Zyranu and La-Jyuiao Xi'an.[17] Quickly following the Sieuxerr into Anikatia was the Grand Ulthrannic Empire, whose explorer Pedro de Borica set off with two vessels on the privately funded expedition discovered the island of Eritya on the western coast of Anikatia. It was a tiny outpost of the small Ky'iushqīn kingdom, the Ulthrannic explorer quickly setup trading routes with the local kingdom. New infectious diseases, endemic to Sieuxerrian, Ulthrannic and later Belfrasians people, continued to cause high fatalities among the native populations.[18] Successive Ulthrannic efforts saw the complete control of the Eritya island as a trading post of the Ulthrannic Empire, leading to the collaspe of the fragile Ky'iushqīn dynasty. Ulthrannic colonization brought new groups of people to the country. Many settled in Anikatia, particularly among the fully Ulthrannic controlled Eritya and smaller island groups along the north coast of the Anikatian mainland. Some of those settlers intermarried with the indigenous population, although intermarriage was slight. This gave rise to the A'ulyti or individuals of mixed Akichan and Ulthrannic descent.[19] Later efforts of the Ulthrannic Empire saw privateering parties of conquistadoras such as Maria Lucila Castaño who later became known as the The Iron Duchess of Anikatia.[20] [21] Who were instrumental in reforming and shaping the northern Xi'Kytiahu Dynasty (loosely related to the north western island Ky'ishqīn dynasty) into a Empire. The effects of these reforms which led to many changes within the local Aichan, and wider Anikatian communities, as a result the legacy of her role in shaping the local culture can still be felt today. As such she remains a highly controversial but central figure in Anikatian history. This was achieved by carring out a coup d'état, ensuring that a new friendly ruler, Empress Jy'jito Äyeh-Lümei assumed power. The new Lümei Dynasty came to be known as the Aekkychan Empire or Imperio Anikatya to the Ulthrannic for the largest ethinc group the Akichan. This new regime was reorganised by the Ulthrannic advisors with slave trading primarily of the nomadic Jiyeongeul inner desert tribes as its main economic activity along with Jiyeongeul and Kypsyak peoples used a forced labor as its primary workforce for mining of precious minerals. This was achieved by expanding into to the inlands of Anikatia. Supported by the power Ulthrannic Empire, the new Aekkychan Empire expand against the northern A'kyjianun kingdom and to the south into the declining of the Mahyrncan Empire. By this period the Mahyrncan Empire was already fragmenting heavily and in steep decline. In a violent and bloody war the Aekkychan with superior technology and weapons managed crush the A'kyjianun kingdom from the mainland. Surviving only on the furthest far eastern Stveni islands.[22]

Late Colonisation

It was by the late 1600s, the Kingdom of Belfras and People’s Commonwealth of Arthurista would discover Anikatia. In 1668 Isaac Unaipon while exploring for the Belfrasian empire sailed near the region and sighting and mapped some of the south eastern coast, he named it New Hartyk and claimed the area for Belfras.[23] Believing the area to be uninhabited Belfrasian vessels returned with the intend to settle a colony. They discovered the Chijich'en ethnic groups in nominally tribal groups who were mostly friendly towards the settlers. The Belfrasian settlers quickly setup the colony with the first settlement leading to the foundation of Delnaytn, the establishment of farming, industry and commerce; and the exploration and settlement of other regions. In 1688 Thomas Norton a privateer and adventurer of the People’s Commonwealth of Arthurista took a group of mercenaries while exploring discovered the Stveni islands.[24] Norton had discovered the last surviving sections of the A'kyjianun kingdom, he offered the A'Kyjianu king who ruled the islands the choice of selling them for a vastly undervalued price for his use as a ‘trading post’, or further territorial loss imposed by force. The former option was chosen, and thus began the period of Arthuristan rule in the islands of Stveni comprising the remaining elements of the A'Kyjianun Kingdom. [25] Meanwhile the Belfrasian settlers quickly expanded out into the largely depopulated and empty desert areas of the Jiyeongeultribes, who were being sold into slavery by the Grand Ulthrannic Empire. While to the north west Settlers came into contact with the now fragmented remains of the Mahyrncan Empire and further a field outposts of Sieuxerr.[26] From the 1700-1800s the Belfrasian Empire expands while the efforts of Sieuxerr and the Grand Ulthrannic Empire begin to turn away from colonization. After a number of battles and skirmishes the Kingdom of Belfras would expand and eventually gains control of the whole continent consolidating and unifying it into a single colonial dominion. The indigenous population, estimated to have been between 850,000 and 3,250,000 at the time Belfrasian settlement began, declined for 200 years following settlement, mainly due to infectious disease, conflict and slave trades of the Ulthrannic Empire. A government policy of assimilation beginning with the Protection of Indigenous People's Act 1792 resulted in the removal of many native children from their families and communities a practice which may also have contributed to the decline in the indigenous population particularity the Jiyeongeul.[27] As a colony, Anikatia began to attract Belfrasian and Ulthrannic investors. Among the Belfrasian firms that dominated the colony in the late 19th century was the Timayev Basket Weave and Produce Company, which eventually acquired third of all the privately held land in the colony. Timayev Basket-weave and Produce Company's influence accounts in part for the colony's reliance on the basket weaving trade throughout the rest of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.

Struggle for Independence

The Great Depression of the 1930s caused a near-collapse of the colonial economy as Belfrasian demand for basket-weaving plummeted.[28] The effects of widespread unemployment were worsened by a devastating flood that struck the colony's industries in 1932. Perceptions of the government's relief effort as inadequate were aggravated by its refusal to legalize labour unions or introduce a minimum wage. Economic conditions improved during 1940s when many Belfrasian military industries moved to the island for it's low taxes and protection. In particular many Belfrasian aviation companies moved because of the favourable weather that provided greater evaluation of aircraft performance, or reliability than was possible on Belfras.[29] This considerably benefited the local colonial armed forces, which were generally ill-equipped and poorly organised. The colony's economy continued to suffer as a result of poor management by local Belfrasian colonial government officials, this poor administration and lack of regard for colonial workers ultimately culminated in the the formation of the Communist People's Party in 1947, which demanded independence among other issues such as better working conditions and a minimum wage.

Independence

In June 1948, Belfrasian colonial government agreed in principal and accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Anikatia, selecting the seat of government within the largest city Antiytia in 1949.[30] However growing fears among the predominantly Anglo-Belfrasian colonial government that the popular Communist People's Party and other growing socialist movements, which had wide support among the native ethnic minorities would gain power. Therefore as part of the 1950 constitution they banned the formation of any communist or socialist parties, this was a wildly unpopular move and the Communist People's Party strongly opposed it on the grounds it would restrict freedoms of speech and association. [31] [32] Nonetheless, the opposition to the ban only served to highlight the concerns of the Belfrasian colonial government and the constitution was ultimately approved which led to the first general elections and to independence on 1 May 1951. Kavf Byzaevsno, a wealthy Anglo-Anikatian businessman, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice. Anikatia enjoyed a successful post colonial boom with major Belfrasian industries such Wallis Thornton Aeronautical Manufacturing, Brault and Telford Productions Ltd remaining within the country. Because of this large manufacturing base left behind by the Belfrasian colonization many automotive companies were created, with the major one being the government supported Anikatia Auto Union. These businesses steadily to become innovative and prominent within the region. The widespread unemployment hit basket-weaving industries hard and led to a revived interest in socialist and communist movements among the population. Growing unrest and instability with illegal formation of informal communist parties to protest the governments ban among city centres ultimately led to ousting of the government in May 7 1951 by illegal communist party led movements and students, which then established a new single-party state socialist state, the Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia.[33]

Government and politics

In the DSRA there were three power hierarchies: the legislative branch represented by the Supreme Council of Anikatia, the government represented by the Council of Ministers, and the Communist People's Party (CPP), the only legal party and the ultimate policymaker in the country.

Communist Party

At the top of the Communist Party was the Central Committee, elected at Party Congresses and Conferences. The Central Committee in turn voted for a Politburo, the General Secretary, the de facto highest office in the DSRA. They were not controlled by the general party membership, as the key principle of the party organization was democratic centralism, demanding strict subordination to higher bodies, and elections went uncontested, endorsing the candidates proposed from above.

Government

The primary organs of state power was the National People's Assembly, the Premier, and the State Council. Members of the State Council include the Secretariat, a variable number of deputy secretaries, state councilors, and ministers and heads of State Council commissions. Under the Socialist Constitution of Anikatia, the National People's Assembly was nominally the highest state body. It met annually for about 2 weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. Acting as a rubber stamp institution, approving and implementing all decisions made by the party.

Judicial system

The judiciary was not independent of the other branches of government. The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts (People's Court) and applied the law as established by the Constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme People's Court. The Constitutional Oversight Committee reviewed the constitutionality of laws and acts. The DSRA used the mixed system of based on the legacy of both common and civil law with elements from local custom and strong influence of socialist law, where the judge, procurator, and defense attorney collaborate to establish the truth.

Foreign relations and military

Anikatian People's Armed Forces (APAF), consists of the Anikatian People's Army (APA), Anikatian People's Air Force (APAF), Anikatian People's Navy (APN), Anikatian People's Airborne Troops (APAT), Anikatian People's Strategic Missile Defence Force (APSMDF) and had the stated responsibility for the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory. The Anikatian People's Navy Forces included the Anikatian Naval Aviation and Anikatian People's Marines.

The DSRA was an active member on the world stage and a leading member of the Otterup Pact. It's sudden shift from former colonial ally in the Cold War to key member in the Communist Alliance led to grave concerns from Free Pardes particularly early on as the DSRA strongly emphasised the elimination of foreign influence and the spread of worldwide socialist revolution often supporting neighbouring nations in armed struggles against what were perceived as Western imperialism. As a result its diplomatic ties were often heavily strained with United Republic of Emmeria, Belhavia, Sieuxerr, Ulthrannic Empire, Belfras, Arthurista, Prestonia, and the Western Confederal States.

As a member of the Otterup Pact it had close ties with Saarland, Kolenomai, Ankar, Estonvia and to a less degree Bariya Within Ashizwe, it maintained very strong ties with People's Socialist Republic of Goredemabwa while it had strained and often hostile relations with Westonaria, Dacia and Nazali as a result of numerous conflicts and proxy wars most notably the Nazali War, Myrdesia War and South Ashizwe Border War.[34] [35] Key partners for the DSRA were the Saarland, Kolenomai, People's Socialist Republic of Goredemabwa, Estonvia, and the Socialist Republic of Bogoria. Although the state did maintain more distant and productive but cordial relations with Tarsas and the Tippercommon.[36]

Administrative divisions

Map Name Anikatian Capital
Provinces (Do)
Akyannya 앟캰야 Byeuksun
Daekueongtye 댘웡톄 Daesuyojin
Gwokue 궠우에 Ulmicheon
Gyeolgung 젛앩웈 Buchyeon
Gyeongkeul 경클 Angchoen
Jaekwonju 재퀀주 Chongnam
North Kwontyani 남쪽 퀀탼이 Aekyongju
South Kwontyani 퀀탼이남도 Namju
Kyoi 쿄이 Ulryak
Pyongtya 푱탸 Antiytia
Ulsanghae 욼앙해 Eunchuol
Autonomous regions (Jachigu)
Anjutya 앉웉야 Kopolcha
Jinju Jedo 진주 제도 Kasutano
Kyongueok 쿈구엌 Sangyeol
Special administrative regions (Teugbyeolhaengjeong-gu)
Seubyeni 슬볘니 Seubyeni City
Yuntai 윤타이 Taesun

The DRSA had eleven provinces — Akyannya, Daekueongtye, Gwokue, Gyeolgung, Gyeongkeul, Jaekwonju, North Kwontyani, South Kwontyani, Kyoi, Pyongtya, and Ulsanghae. Along with the provinces there were three autonomous regions, Kyongueok, Jinju Jedo, Anjutya and two special administrative regions, the Seubyeni Islands and the Yuntai Islands. Each province had its own bicameral parliament. The provinces were sovereign entities, although subject they were certain powers of the central government as defined by the Constitution. The state houses were known as the State People's Assembly. The head of the government in each state was the Chief Executive.

While the special administrative territory of Seubyeni had a high degree of autonomy as a special administrative region in all areas except defence and foreign affairs owing to its long history as a colony of the Arthurista.[37] Despite the loss of it's Dominion status from Arthurista to the DSRA during the Seubyeni War it largely continued to enjoy it's economic and political freedoms comparative to the rest of Anikatia during socialist rule. [38] [39]

Geography

The DSRA had a landmass of 10,867,500 square kilometres (435,514 sq mi) surrounded by the Central ocean, with the North East Sea lying off the Eastern coast of Anikatia, and the South A'Kytian Sea lying between Anikatian and the surrounding southern continents. [40] Azumakya was one of the region's smallest continents and among the larger countries by total area. The nation's mainland encompassed a remarkable variety of landscapes, The northern eastern Shevtyk Desert contained great mineral wealth. The western side of island across the Utykia moutain range which ran the length of the island, which included Antiytia, dominated the country in terms of population with large agricultural resources, the two smaller northern islands while somewhat less developed were rich in tropical forests, most of the smaller islands to the east have been designated national parks and contain untouched tropical rain forests. This northern area also was where the historical centre from which the Aekkychan kingdom ruled, many ruins can still be found throughout. [41] Western section held the bulk of the nations agricultural resources and many fresh water lakes. The highest mountain was Albyecl, which lay in the Utykia moutain range, and rose to 3,387 metres above sea level. The population was mainly concentrated on the western side of the mainland along the coast, with smaller settlements on the eastern coast.

Climate

The climate of the DSRA was significantly influenced by ocean currents, which is correlated with periodic drought, and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces cyclones in south east. These factors caused rainfall to vary markedly from year to year. Much of the northern parts of the country had a tropical, predominantly summer-rainfall (monsoon) climate. The south eastern corners of the country had a Mediterranean climate. Much of the south west was temperate.

Economy

The DRSA became one of the first country to adopt a socialist centrally planned economy, whereby production and distribution of goods were centralised and directed by the government. [42] The economy had traditionally been fueled by exporting commodities rather than manufacturing which dates back to the colonial exports of the basket weaving industry.[43] Since the early settlement, the growth of Anikatia's manufacturing, mining, and service sector has transformed the nations from a largely rural economy to a urbanised industrial one.[44] [45] The major industrial sectors were the automobile manufacturing and arms manufacturing followed by nuclear energy, although uranium mining and basket weaving all remained important industries.[46] The 1970s oil crisis hit the countries exports and led to a economic collapse.[47] Which led to Communist Party gaining power in 1980 which led to a drastic reforming of the economy. The changes saw the implementation of a more centrally planned economy which had decidedly mixed economic results. By the late 1990s the centrally planned economy began to breakdown and in 2001 the Communist Party lost power.[48]

Energy

The DSRA was rich in energy resources. The establishment of a mining industry continued the high level of economic growth in the post-colonial period. As the economy expanded, large-scale immigration became necessary to satisfy the growing demand for workers. The DRSA mining operations secured continued economic growth and the state of New Anatia itself had benefited strongly from mining iron-ore, gold and later uranium.[49] The DRSA contained some of the region's largest proven uranium reserves, this greatly aided the development of Nuclear power in the country which now derives 78% of its electricity from nuclear power, one of the highest percentage in the region.

Science and technology

The DSRA placed great emphasis on science and technology within its economy, however, the most remarkable successes in technology, were typically the responsibility of the military. Nonetheless the DSRA was a leading nation in scientific research, particularly technology, and machinery. The DRSA scientists were among the world's best-trained specialists in several areas, such as energy physics, selected areas of medicine, mathematics, welding and military technologies. But due to rigid state planning and bureaucracy, the DRSA remained far behind technologically in chemistry, biology, and computers when compared to the First World. [50]

Transport

Transport was a key component of the nation's economy. The economic centralization of the late 1960s and 1970s accelerated the development of infrastructure on a massive scale, most notably the establishment of Anikatian Airlines (AAL). The country has a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Anikatia's road spending has been extensive. Its large number of road were the main means of transportation. New and used cars were somewhat inexpensive; as car ownership was subsidised by the state. Allowing the DSRA to have one of the highest level of car ownership in the region.

Railway transport was under the control of the state-run industry. Passenger trains were the dominant mode of transportation until the mid-twentieth century. Mass transportation was well developed in the major cities but was undeveloped in rural areas. The DSRA had fairly advanced air transportation infrastructure which utilizes approximately 6,800 paved runways. Antiytia International Airport, located in the vicinity of Antiytia, was the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Antiytia with virtually all major cities across the region. Anikatian Airlines (AAL) was the national carrier airline.

Water transport was largely used for freight. There were over 20 major ports in DSRA, many of these ports were also served by cruise ships from other socialist states. Automobile ferries operated in many locations where bridges were impractical and in congested metropolitan areas, Ferries also connected Eritya Islands to the mainland, and the Kntiani Islands and the mainland. They also connected other smaller islands and the mainland.

Demographics

The DSRA officially recognized 7 distinct native ethnic groups, the largest of which were the Akicha, who constitute about 68.47% of the total population. The Akicha ethnic group outnumber other ethnic groups in every state and territory division except Gyeolgung. The Akichan population was concentrated mainly in the north and northwestern coastal plains and islands of the country. A largely homogeneous social and ethnic group, the Akicha possessed a significant political and economic influence over the country.

Language

Anikatian was the official languages and was used in government, education, print, broadcast media, and business. Despite government attempts English remained entrenched as the de facto secondary national language and was used extensively in business and administration and it is important in education, especially as a medium of higher education along with international trade. It is thought that up to 22 Indigenous languages existed at the time of first contact, of which only select few have survived among the six major ethnic groups. [51] [52] These are the Akicha, Kyjianu, Chijich'en, Kypsyak, Riyanu languages and the remaining Jiyeongeul languages The Jiyeongeul nomadic desert tribes are thought to have been most heavily effected by this lost of culture as they were thought to account for up to 16 distinct language groups.

Religion

DSRA was a secular country, and freedom of religion was constitutionally guaranteed.[53] The government maintained a religious policy that was based on the concept of a strict separation of church and state under which public life was kept completely secular. At the beginning, the Communist party asserted the compatibility of Christianity and Marxism and sought Christian participation in the building of socialism. At first the question of atheism received little official attention. However as things progressed and the cold war began, the socialist system began to subscribe to a narrower interpretation of freedom of religion rights, and in fact utilised a range of official measures to discourage religion and curb the activities of religious groups as such there was a sharp rise in secularism and widespread suppression of religions. The state began to fear religions believing they were being used by capitalist nations to spread dissidents among the population. Later traditional religions like Yeosindo began to gain favour as they were seen as a way to unite the population against negative western influence.

Health

The DSRA government operates a national health system and assumes fiscal and administrative responsibility for the health care of all its citizens. There are no private hospitals or clinics as all health services are government-run. Everyone within the DSRA had the right to health protection and care. The state guaranteed this right by providing free medical and hospital care by the widespread installations of medical facilities throughout the nation. There was a great emphasis by the state on promoting the health publicity campaigns, health education, regular medical examinations, general vaccinations and other measures to prevent the outbreak of disease.

Education

The country's system of education was highly centralized and universally accessible to all citizens, however entry to subsidized higher education is highly competitive. Citizens directly entering the workforce had the constitutional right to a job and to free vocational training. Education in state-owned secondary schools was free. University level education was free. The top-ranking universities were the University of Antiytia and the National State University.

Culture

The culture of the DSRA passed through several stages during the 21-year existence. During the early year there was relative freedom and artists experimented with several different styles to find a distinctive socialist style of art. The state wanted art to be accessible to the general population. However, hundreds of intellectuals, writers, and artists were exiled or imprisoned, and their work banned. As time progressed censorship was diminished. During this later period, a distinctive period of socialist culture developed characterized by conformist public life and intense focus on personal life. Greater experimentation in art forms were again permissible, with the result that more sophisticated and subtly critical work began to be produced. The regime loosened its emphasis on socialist realism. The government encouraged a variety of trends. In art and literature, numerous schools, some traditional and others radically experimental, proliferated. Many left-wing socialist and communist writers were active during this time. Film, as a means of influencing a largely illiterate society, received encouragement from the state.

Cuisine

Janchi guksu.

DSRA cuisine was highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history. It is characterized by a limited number of ingredients and simplified cooking. This type of cuisine was prevalent in canteens everywhere in the nation. It became an integral part of household cuisine and was used in parallel with national dishes, particularly in large cities. The staple foods included items such as cornmeal cakes and rice gruel.

Sport

A Daisuma Forctis on a rally stage in 1993.

Sport in the DSRA had ancient roots, and both traditional and modern sports were still practiced. The following sports were popular in the DSRA which had developed itself as a formidable sports-force on the world arena in the following fields: chess, kickboxing, skiing, gymnastics, archery, cycling, martial arts, horse-riding, volleyball, and forms of auto racing at the Rally, GT and Formula levels were popular. Physical fitness wass widely emphasised by the DSRA government, with morning exercises were widely practiced.

Currency

The currency of the DSRA was the Anikuro (ANKO, symbol: ₳), which was subdivided into 100 Aniyks (symbol: æ). Coins w circulation were 1æ, 5æ, 10æ, 20æ, 50æ, ₳1, ₳2 aeyuk. Banknotes in circulation were the ₳5, ₳10, ₳20, ₳50, ₳100, ₳500 Anikuro. These were among the first polymer banknotes introduced in the world.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "National Anthem of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Anikatia ". Youtube. Retrieved 29 March, 2015.
  2. ↑ Kotov, Arlynda (21 September 2010). "Anikatian Natives the Story of Human Migration". The Antiytia Times.
  3. ↑ Patrik, Sofia Maria Araujo. (2005). Anikatian History. Vex Bookstore. pp. 318–320. ISBN 860-12-2823-2. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
  4. ↑ Herceg, Brayden W. (1992). History of the Anikatian People (8th ed.). Štefica Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 082-7820-17-5.
  5. ↑ Ch'ien, Xiao H. (2001). The Kyoi-Hu State and the Defeat of the Jiyeongeul Antiytia: Classic Antiquity Publishing Co.
  6. ↑ Kotov, Arlynda (21 September 2010). "Anikatian Natives the Story of Human Migration". The Antiytia Times.
  7. ↑ Herceg, Brayden W. (1992). History of the Anikatian People (8th ed.). Štefica Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 082-7820-17-5.
  8. ↑ Patrik, Sofia Maria Araujo. (2005). Anikatian History. Vex Bookstore. pp. 318–320. ISBN 860-12-2823-2. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
  9. ↑ Liang, Rachel. (1987). Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Anikatian Becoming. Antiytia: Celestial Publishing.
  10. ↑ Ch'ien, Xiao H. (2001). The Kyoi-Hu State and the Defeat of the Jiyeongeul Antiytia: Classic Antiquity Publishing Co.
  11. ↑ Liang, Rachel. (1987). Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Anikatian Becoming. Antiytia: Celestial Publishing.
  12. ↑ Herceg, Brayden W. (1992). History of the Anikatian People (8th ed.). Štefica Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 082-7820-17-5.
  13. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  14. ↑ Panova, Sovbika V. (2008). Rise of Power: Early Anikatian History: Classic Antiquity Publishing Co.
  15. ↑ "Secrets of the Mahyrncan Empire by Macaire Polanco Trejo via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  16. ↑ Kotov, Arlynda (21 September 2010). "Anikatian Natives the Story of Human Migration". The Antiytia Times.
  17. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  18. ↑ Panova, Sovbika V. (2008). Rise of Power: Early Anikatian History: Classic Antiquity Publishing Co.
  19. ↑ Marín Iglesias, Youhei (11 August 2003). "Race Mixing and Westernization in Anikatia". The Journal of Eastern Pardesi History.
  20. ↑ Cavalcanti Alves, Gail. (1998). The History of Ulthrannic Colonization. Stveni City: Wetherspoon & Co. p. 75. ISBN 1-7136-2430-2.
  21. ↑ Liang, Rachel. (1987). Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Anikatian Becoming. Antiytia: Celestial Publishing.
  22. ↑ "The Kyjianu: Survivors of a Lost Kingdom". ankmedia.org.ank. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  23. ↑ Panova, Sovbika V. (2008). Rise of Power: Early Anikatian History: Classic Antiquity Publishing Co.
  24. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  25. ↑ "The Kyjianu: Survivors of a Lost Kingdom". ankmedia.org.ank. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  26. ↑ Marín Iglesias, Youhei (11 August 2003). "Race Mixing and Westernization in Anikatia". The Journal of Eastern Pardesi History.
  27. ↑ Liang, Rachel. (1987). Culture and History: Occasional Notes on the Process of Anikatian Becoming. Antiytia: Celestial Publishing.
  28. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  29. ↑ "Colonial Defence and Imperial Repudiation". Eastern Daily Times (vol XVI, issue 1489). 13 November 1930. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  30. ↑ Inarkaevich, Nediljko (15 June 2012). "Rise of Anikatian Socialist State: The Legacy of Colonialism". The Antiytia Times.
  31. ↑ Golubova, Bradley (24 May 1948). "Communist Party Dissolution Act Unconstitutional!". The Antiytia Times.
  32. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  33. ↑ Inarkaevich, Nediljko (15 June 2012). "Rise of Anikatian Socialist State: The Legacy of Colonialism". The Antiytia Times.
  34. ↑ Montenegro, Josef (4 April 2012). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Anikatia".
  35. ↑ Inarkaevich, Nediljko (15 June 2012). "Rise of Anikatian Socialist State: The Legacy of Colonialism". The Antiytia Times.
  36. ↑ Inarkaevich, Nediljko (15 June 2012). "Rise of Anikatian Socialist State: The Legacy of Colonialism". The Antiytia Times.
  37. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  38. ↑ Yajima, Cong (2009). The Commercial Success and Political Controversies of Seubyeni. Seubyeni City University Press. p. 35. ISBN 865-752-178-324-0.
  39. ↑ "The Regional Financial Centres Index 1 Executive Summary". City of Antiytia. March 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 5 April 2005.
  40. ↑ T'ien, Kunio L. (2003). "Origins of the Anikatian Island Continent". University of Aonitadya. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
  41. ↑ Peng, Qiao (2008). Contemporary Anikatia. Pardesi Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 20–22. ISBN 1-242-80191-1.
  42. ↑ Totman, Paige (2004). A History of Anikatia (4th ed.). Greenwell. pp. 512–514. ISBN 1-3142-3460-2.
  43. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  44. ↑ Inarkaevich, Nediljko (15 June 2012). "Rise of Anikatian Socialist State: The Legacy of Colonialism". The Antiytia Times.
  45. ↑ "Anikatia's GDP (nominal) per capita". Pardes Monetary Fund. Retrieved 28 June, 2014.
  46. ↑ Hsu, Guang (4 May 1965). "Key industries of Anikatia". Vostok Daily Times.
  47. ↑ Arsanukayev, Khamzat (8 June 1973). "Price Quadruples for Crude Oil at Auction". Vostok Press.
  48. ↑ The Anikatians today: change and continuity (3rd ed.). Press of Saint-Yves University. 2002. p. 285. ISBN 762-1-555-75174-8.
  49. ↑ "International Energy Agency – Oil Market Report 5 June 2000." Retrieved 2 May, 2012.
  50. ↑ Peng, Qiao (2008). Contemporary Anikatia. Pardesi Scientific Publishing Co. pp. 20–22. ISBN 1-242-80191-1.
  51. ↑ "Colonialism by Nathan Ornelas Averyanov and Itaete G. Narváez via Google Books. p.723. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  52. ↑ Herceg, Brayden W. (1992). History of the Anikatian People (8th ed.). Štefica Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 082-7820-17-5.
  53. ↑ Yang, Xiuxiu, ed. (1998). Pardesi's religions : understanding the living faiths. People's Digest. p. 312. ISBN 842-0-65246-425-7.

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