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2017 Hennish federal election

1 September 2017
All 180 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 91 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	79.4% ( 0.9%)
Party Leader % Seats ± SAP Rupert van Bleiswijk 23.2 49 +4 VDP Eva Kaestel 19.0 40 +15 NVP Michiel Hagan 18.0 36 -18 MdP Klaas-Jan Jagers 9.6 16 +6 Groen Lilian de Flor & Magnus Golts 6.8 11 0 Links Pieter Fourny 5.6 7 -2 VSD Jaap-Jan van den Breul 4.9 6 +1 PP Gaspard Toussaint 2.9 6 -1 ABP Ad Arkink 3.6 5 -3 LIVE Katrijn Rotteveel 3.5 4 -2 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Premier before Premier after Michiel Hagan NVP Rupert van Bleiswijk SAP

Federal elections were held in Hennehouwe on 1 September 2017 to elect all 180 members of the 27th Chamber of Deputies.

The election was triggered by the Progressive Democratic Party's (VDP) withdrawal of support for Premier Michiel Hagan's centre-right government in June. The coalition, formed after the 2014 election, consisted of Hagan's National People's Party (NVP), the Agrarian–Farmer's Party (ABP), the Party for the Petois (PP), LIVE and the People's Party for Sotirian Democracy (VSD). It lacked a majority in the Chamber, and as such relied on support from the VDP throughout its three years of existence.

The Socialist Labour Party became the largest party for the first time since 2010, winning 49 seats on 23.2% of the vote. The VDP achieved the best result in its 28-year history, finishing in second place with 40 seats. The NVP received its worst result since 1978, winning 36 seats and falling to third place for the first time ever. The other big winner of the elections were the far-right Patriot's March, who gained six seats for a total of 16 seats in the Chamber. The Greens maintained their 2014 result of 11 seats, whilst the other represented parties acheived mix results. Provisional results were confirmed on the morning of 2 September, whilst the official results were certified on 6 September. The elected members were sworn in on 13 September.

Following the election, Hagan tendered his resignation as Premier, and Stadtholder Adriaan Wilhelm Paulus officially tasked SAP leader Rupert van Bleiswijk with forming a new government. The SAP reached a coalition agreement with the VDP to form a minority grand coalition, supported from the opposition by the PP and ABP. van Bleiswijk was invested as Premier following a vote in the Chamber on 26 September. The new government became the fifth grand coalition in the history of the Third Republic, and the first such consisting of centre-left and centre parties.

Background

At the previous federal election in 2014, the incumbent centre-left government led by the Socialist Labour Party (SAP) lost its majority. The National People's Party (NVP) became the largest party for the first time since before the 2005 financial crisis, whilst the Progressive Democratic Party (VDP) gained two seats. The Patriot's March (MdP) won double-digit seats for the first time, meanwhile left-leaning parties that participated in or supported the SAP govenment fared poorly. The NVP reached an agreement with the four smallest parties in the Chamber: the Agrarian–Farmer's Party (ABP), the Party for the Petois (PP), LIVE and the People's Party for Sotirian Democracy (VSD) to form a centre-right coalition, the first since 2002. However, it lacked an outright majority in the Chamber, falling eleven seats short of the 91 seats necessary for a majority. The coalition reached a subsequent agreement with the VDP, whereby the party would abstain in motions of confidence and important budgetary votes in exchange for policy concessions.

In November 2016, the VDP threatened to pull support for the government over its budget proposals. However, following mediation between them and the government parties, the VDP announced it would maintain its agreement and abstain from the budget later that month. Six months later in May 2017, allegations of leaked contracts by NVP and ABP government ministers to construction companies prompted internal conflicts within cabinet. On 16 June, the VDP formally announced its decision to withdraw support for the government and that it would support an SAP-initiated motion of no confidence in the Ministers of Housing & Infrastructure, and Economic Affairs. Before these motions could be debated in the Chamber, Premier Michiel Hagan called for snap elections to be held on 1 September 2017. The vote necessary for this to be called took place on 26 June, and passed the two-thirds threshold required for the election to take place.

Date

Article 42.2 of the Basic Law (Algemene Wet) states that a new Chamber of Deputies shall be elected no later than 28 days after the fourth anniversary of the first sitting of the current Chamber of Deputies, excluding public holidays. Article 42.3 states that the first sitting of the new Chamber must occur within 28 days after the election date, excluding public holidays.

The Electoral Law of 2000 legislates for fixed-term election dates, automatically scheduling an election for the first Friday of September four years after the previous election, or the second Friday of September if the former falls on a public holiday. An election prior to the fixed date can be called for in the Chamber via a two-thirds supermajority vote. Under the Law, the election had been scheduled for 7 September 2018. However, following a successful motion for a snap election in the Chamber on 28 June 2017, the election was scheduled for 1 September 2017, maintaining the convention of the first Friday in September.

Electoral system

The 180 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by open list proportional representation in 10 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the 10 regions of Hennehouwe, with seats allocated according to the Berger method. There is no electoral threshold, meaning the effective threshold depends on the size of the region: in the smallest region, Oudkessel-Witburg (7 seats), the effective threshold is around 10%, whilst in the largest region, Flamia (40 seats), it is closer to 2-2.5%. Seats are allocated to the regions in proportion to population, with a review of seat distribution carried out one year after the last census. For an outright majority in the Chamber, a party (or coalition of parties) must have at least 91 seats. Due to the nature of Hennehouwe's multi-party system, it is rare for any one party to singlehandedly obtain a parliamentary majority, and thus coalitions and/or agreements between different parties is necessary.

Electors vote by casting a preference for a personal candidate from their chosen list, rather than voting for a party list outright. If a candidate receives a quota of either 20% of 1/xth of votes (x equalling the number of seats in that region) or 33% of the total votes for their own list, they will bypass the rest of the list in the allocation of seats regardless of their placement on the electoral list. If multiple candidates from a list pass this threshold, their ordering is determined based on the number of votes received. Otherwise, the remaining seats are allocated according to the placement of candidates on the list. Following concerns over the size of ballot papers during the 2016 Flamish regional election, the Electoral Law was amended to limit the number of candidates on a single list to two-thirds of the total number of seats available in regions with 24 or more seats. Due to the current distribution of seats, only Flamia and Lower Stegeren are affected by this change. In all other regions, the maximum number of candidates on a list is the total number of seats.

In order to participate in the elections, a party or list of candidates must provide declarations of support by 0.1% of all votes cast in the previous election in each region contested.

Region	Seats
Flamia	40
Geeland	9
Grotevlakte	19
Lower Stegeren	32
Molenburg	13
Oudkessel-Witburg	7
Reekland	12
s'Holle	21
Upper Stegeren	15
Zilverzee	12
Hennehouwe	180

Parties and leaders

A total of 28 parties participated in the elections, having ballot access in at least one of the 10 regions of Hennehouwe.

Parties represented in the 26th Chamber of Deputies
Party			Leader	Main ideology	Position	Last election		Regions
	National People's Party	NVP	Michiel Hagan	Conservatism	Centre-right	%	54 seats	10
	Socialist Labour Party	SAP	Rupert van Bleiswijk	Social democracy	Centre-left	%	45 seats	10
	Progressive Democratic Party	VDP	Eva Kaestal	Social liberalism	Centre	%	25 seats	10
	Green Party	Groen	Lilian de Flor & Magnus Golts	Green politics	Centre-left	%	11 seats	10
	Patriot's March	MdP	Klaas-Jan Jagers	Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	%	10 seats	10
	The Left	Links	Pieter Fourny	Democratic socialism	Left-wing	%	9 seats	10
	Agrarian–Farmer's Party	ABP	Ad Arkink	Agrarianism	Centre-right	%	8 seats	10
	Party for the Petois	PP	Gaspard Toussaint	Petois minority interests	Centre	%	7 seats	3
	LIVE – The Liberal Union	LIVE	Katrijn Rotteveel	Classical liberalism	Centre to centre-right	%	6 seats	10
	People's Party for Sotirian Democracy	VSD	Jaap-Jan van den Breul	Sotirian right	Centre-right to right-wing	%	5 seats	10

Results

Preliminary results were finalised on the morning of 2 September, and the official result was published on 6 September.

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Socialist Labour Party	1,735,597	23.16	49	+4
	Progressive Democratic Party	1,424,227	19.00	40	+15
	National People's Party	1,350,417	18.02	36	-18
	Patriot's March	718,983	9.59	16	+6
	Green Party	512,304	6.84	11	0
	The Left	416,460	5.56	7	-2
	People's Party for Sotirian Democracy	367,895	4.91	6	+1
	Agrarian–Farmer's Party	270,560	3.61	5	-3
	LIVE – The Liberal Union	260,155	3.47	4	-2
	Party for the Petois	215,432	2.87	6	-1
	Others	223,190	2.98	0	0
Total		7,495,220	100.00	180	0
Valid votes		7,495,220	99.49
Invalid/blank votes		38,284	0.51
Total votes cast		7,533,504	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		9,487,300	79.41
Source: Verkiezingscommissie