Greuningia: Difference between revisions
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| government_footnotes = | | government_footnotes = | ||
| government_type = Parliamentary republic, partially sovereign member state of a federal state | | government_type = Parliamentary republic, partially sovereign member state of a federal state | ||
| governing_body = State Chamber of Greuningia | | governing_body = [[State Chamber of Greuningia]] | ||
| leader_party = [[Besmenian | | leader_party = [[National Besmenian Party|NBP]] | ||
| leader_title = [[Governor | | leader_title = [[Governor (Besmenia)|Governor]] | ||
| leader_name = [[ | | leader_name = [[Linda Seidenbach]] | ||
| leader_title1 = Governing parties | | leader_title1 = Governing parties | ||
| leader_name1 = [[Besmenian | | leader_name1 = [[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]/[[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] | ||
| leader_title2 = [[Federal Senate (Besmenia)|Federal Senate]] votes | | leader_title2 = [[Federal Senate (Besmenia)|Federal Senate]] votes | ||
| leader_name2 = 5 (of 64) | | leader_name2 = 5 (of 64) | ||
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'''Greuningia''' (Besmenian: ''Greuningen'') is a federal state located in [[Besmenia]]. | '''Greuningia''' (Besmenian: ''Greuningen'') is a federal state located in [[Besmenia]]. | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Greuningia is located in western Besmenia. The state borders [[Sedakania]] to the north, [[Jakartaburg]] to the northeast, [[Maurenmark]] to the southeast, [[Zollingia]] to the south, [[Frankenburg]] to the southwest and [[Xevus]] to the northwest. | |||
==Population== | ==Population== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Since 1967=== | |||
With the [[Besmenian reunification]] on September 14, 1967, the state of Greuningia was re-established. It originated from the West Besmenian districts of Richtenberg and Köstritz, as well as parts of the districts of Ochsenbeinfurt and Halsholm. Richtersberg became the state capital. On September 24, 1967, state elections were held for the first time in Greuningia and in the other federal states in the area of the former West Besmenia. After the [[1967 Greuningian state election|1967 state election]], an [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]-[[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]] government was formed. | |||
Economically, like the other West Besmenian states, Greuningia fared less well in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with Greuningia experiencing the highest unemployment rate in West Besmenia, resulting to the development of the [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] and BRP as the two dominated parties in Greuningia in the 1970s. On November 1, 1969, the Greuningian Constitution came into force. | |||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
===Executive=== | ===Executive=== | ||
The executive is led by the state government of Greuningia, which consists of the Greuningian governors and the state ministers. The governor is elected by the state chamber with a majority of its members without debate in a secret ballot for the entire legislative period. The governor appoints and dismisses state ministers. He also appoints a state minister as his deputy. The state chamber can only depose the governor through a constructive vote of no confidence. | The executive is led by the state government of Greuningia, which consists of the Greuningian governors and the state ministers. The governor is elected by the state chamber with a majority of its members without debate in a secret ballot for the entire legislative period. The governor appoints and dismisses state ministers. He also appoints a state minister as his deputy. The state chamber can only depose the governor through a constructive vote of no confidence. | ||
===Legislature=== | |||
The legislature is the [[State Chamber of Greuningia]], which is elected every five years using the proportional representation. The Greuningian parliament consists of 107 members. All voters who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote. All parties with more than five percent of the votes are represented in the state parliament. | |||
===Greuningian state government=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white;"|1 | |style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white;"|1 | ||
|[[File:Wilhelm Schröder.png|60px]] | |[[File:Wilhelm Schröder.png|60px]] | ||
|'''[[Wilhelm Schröder]]'''<br>{{small|( | |'''[[Wilhelm Schröder]]'''<br>{{small|(1900-1970)}} | ||
|{{small|1 November}}<br>1967 | |{{small|1 November}}<br>1967 | ||
|{{small|22 February}}<br>1970 † | |{{small|22 February}}<br>1970 † | ||
Line 153: | Line 163: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|4 | |style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|4 | ||
|[[File:Ulrich | |[[File:Ulrich Klinker.png|60px]] | ||
|'''[[Ulrich | |'''[[Ulrich Klinker]]'''<br>{{small|(1930-)}} | ||
|{{small|7 | |{{small|7 November}}<br>1978 | ||
|{{small|14 October}}<br>1990 | |{{small|14 October}}<br>1990 | ||
| [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] | | [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] | ||
Line 161: | Line 171: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|5 | |style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|5 | ||
|[[File: | |[[File:Bernhard Weber.png|60px]] | ||
|'''[[ | |'''[[Bernhard Weber]]'''<br>{{small|(1941-)}} | ||
|{{small|14 October}}<br>1990 | |{{small|14 October}}<br>1990 | ||
|{{small|12 November}}<br>1998 | |{{small|12 November}}<br>1998 | ||
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|style="background-color:#00CED1; color:white;"|6 | |style="background-color:#00CED1; color:white;"|6 | ||
|[[File:Alexander von Wiest2.png|60px]] | |[[File:Alexander von Wiest2.png|60px]] | ||
|'''[[Alexander | |'''[[Alexander Wiest]]'''<br>{{small|(1947-2011)}} | ||
|{{small|12 November}}<br>1998 | |{{small|12 November}}<br>1998 | ||
|{{small|28 November}}<br>2008 | |{{small|28 November}}<br>2008 | ||
Line 181: | Line 191: | ||
|{{small|28 November}}<br>2008 | |{{small|28 November}}<br>2008 | ||
|{{small|20 June}}<br>2022 | |{{small|20 June}}<br>2022 | ||
| [[ | | [[BVP Greuningia|BVP]] | ||
| [[2008 Greuningian state election|2008]]<br/>[[2013 Greuningian state election|2013]]<br/>[[2018 Greuningian state election|2018]] | | [[2008 Greuningian state election|2008]]<br/>[[2013 Greuningian state election|2013]]<br/>[[2018 Greuningian state election|2018]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|8 | |style="background-color:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|8 | ||
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|'''[[Markus Krüger]]'''<br>{{small|(1970-)}} | |'''[[Markus Krüger]]'''<br>{{small|(1970-)}} | ||
|{{small|20 June}}<br>2022 | |{{small|20 June}}<br>2022 | ||
| | |{{small|10 November}}<br>2023 | ||
| [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] | | [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]] | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color:#00CED1; color:white;"|9 | |||
|[[File:Landtagswahl in Salzburg 2023 - Marlene Svazek, FPÖ (cropped).jpg|60px]] | |||
|'''[[Linda Seidenbach]]'''<br>{{small|(1992-)}} | |||
|{{small|10 November}}<br>2023 | |||
| Incumbent | |||
| [[NBP Greuningia|NBP]] | |||
| [[2023 Greuningian state election|2023]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====List of Greuningian state governments==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Overview of Greuningian state governments since 1967 | |||
|- | |||
! No. | |||
! State government | |||
! Tenure | |||
! Governor | |||
! Involved Parties | |||
|- | |||
| 1. | |||
| [[Schröder cabinet (Greuningia)|Schröder]] | |||
| 1967–1970 | |||
| [[Wilhelm Schröder]] ([[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]) | |||
| rowspan="2" |{{colorbox|#FF0000|border=white}} SDU, {{colorbox|#FFAB00|border=white}} [[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]] | |||
|- | |||
| 2. | |||
| [[Spahnmann cabinet (Greuningia)|Spahnmann]] | |||
| 1970–1971 | |||
| [[Holger Spahnmann]] ([[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]) | |||
|- | |||
| 3. | |||
| [[First Hauknecht cabinet (Greuningia)|Hauknecht I]] | |||
| 1971–1975 | |||
| rowspan="2" |[[Günther Hauknecht]] ([[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]) | |||
| rowspan="2" |{{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP, {{colorbox|#FFAB00|border=white}} [[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]] | |||
|- | |||
| 4. | |||
| [[Second Hauknecht cabinet (Greuningia)|Hauknecht II]] | |||
| 1975–1978 | |||
|- | |||
| 5. | |||
| [[First Klinker cabinet (Greuningia)|Klinker I]] | |||
| 1978–1983 | |||
| rowspan="3" |[[Ulrich Heberwein]] (BVP) | |||
| {{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP | |||
|- | |||
| 6. | |||
| [[Second Klinker cabinet (Greuningia)|Heberwein II]] | |||
| 1983-1988 | |||
| rowspan="3" |{{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP, {{colorbox|#FFFF00|border=white}} [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]] | |||
|- | |||
| 7. | |||
| [[Third Klinker cabinet (Greuningia)|Klinker III]] | |||
| 1988-1990 | |||
|- | |||
| 8. | |||
| [[First Weber cabinet (Greuningia)|Weber I]] | |||
| 1990-1993 | |||
| rowspan="2" |[[Bernhard Weber]] (BVP) | |||
|- | |||
| 9. | |||
| [[Second Weber cabinet (Greuningia)|Weber II]] | |||
| 1993-1998 | |||
| {{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP, {{colorbox|#FFFF00|border=white}} [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]], {{Colorbox|#32CD32|border=white}} [[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]] | |||
|- | |||
| 10. | |||
| [[First Wiest cabinet (Greuningia)|Wiest I]] | |||
| 1998-2003 | |||
| rowspan="2" |[[Alexander von Wiest]] ([[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]) | |||
| rowspan="2" |{{colorbox|#00CED1|border=white}} NBP, {{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP | |||
|- | |||
| 11. | |||
| [[Second Wiest cabinet (Greuningia)|Wiest II]] | |||
| 2003-2008 | |||
|- | |||
| 12. | |||
| [[First Jungmann cabinet (Greuningia)|Jungmann I]] | |||
| 2008-2013 | |||
| rowspan="3" |[[Albrecht Jungmann]] (BVP) | |||
| {{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP, {{colorbox|#FF0000|border=white}} SDU | |||
|- | |||
| 13. | |||
| [[Second Jungmann cabinet (Greuningia)|Jungmann II]] | |||
| 2013-2018 | |||
| rowspan="3" |{{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP, {{colorbox|#FFFF00|border=white}} FBBP | |||
|- | |||
| 14. | |||
| [[Third Jungmann cabinet (Greuningia)|Jungmann III]] | |||
| 2018-2022 | |||
|- | |||
| 15. | |||
| [[Krüger cabinet (Greuningia)|Krüger]] | |||
| 2022-2023 | |||
| [[Markus Krüger]] (BVP) | |||
|- | |||
| 16. | |||
| [[Seidenbach cabinet (Greuningia)|Seidenbach]] | |||
| 2023- | |||
| rowspan="2" |[[Linda Seidenbach]] ([[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]) | |||
| rowspan="2" |{{colorbox|#00CED1|border=white}} NBP, {{colorbox|#0F0FFF|border=white}} BVP | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Legislature=== | ===Legislature=== | ||
The legislature is the [[State Chamber of Greuningia]], which is elected every five years using the proportional representation. The Greuningian parliament consists of 107 members. | The legislature is the [[State Chamber of Greuningia]], which is elected every five years using the proportional representation. The Greuningian parliament consists of 107 members. All voters who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote. All parties with more than five percent of the votes are represented in the state parliament. | ||
===Local government=== | ===Local government=== | ||
[[File:Greuningian discricts.png|200px|thumb|right|The 29 Greuningian discricts]] | [[File:Greuningian discricts.png|200px|thumb|right|The 29 Greuningian discricts]] | ||
Greuningia is divided into 29 districts (''Landbezirk''). | |||
===Political development=== | |||
Greuningia is considered to be a rather conservative state, especially in rural areas, and has been dominated by the [[BVP Greuningia|BVP]] at the state political level since the 1970s. From 1971, the BVP was involved in every state government in Greuningia. | |||
The right-wing populist [[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]] also succeeded in influencing regional politics in the first decades after Greuningia joined the Besmenian Federal Republic. The BRP was involved from 1967 to 1978 as a junior partner in the Greuningian state government. When the BRP formed into the [[National Besmenian Party|NBP]] in 1990, the NBP, like its predecessor, continued to win numerous voters in Greuningia, especially through the then NBP chairman and native Greuningian [[Alexander Wiest]], who was also chairman of the [[NBP Greuningia|regional association of the NBP in Greuningia]]. In the 1998 and 2003 state elections, the NBP even became the strongest party. Between 1998 and 2008 Alexander Wiest served as governor of Greuningia. | |||
==Economy== | |||
Greuningia processed the economic structural change after 1967 with success and setbacks at the same time. The large combines had serious structural difficulties in the transition to the social market economy, since their technical systems were mostly completely outdated, were characterized by a high use of labor and caused serious environmental damage. In particular, the mechanical engineering, chemical triangle, and mining combines collapsed rapidly after the [[West Besmenian Revolution]], resulting in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs. Unemployment rose from 10.3% in 1968 to 15.1% in 1970, peaking at 18.7% in 1972 and staying there until 1976. | |||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
[[Category: Besmenia]] | [[Category: Besmenia]] |
Latest revision as of 16:50, 28 April 2024
Greuningia
Greuningen | |
---|---|
Country | Besmenia |
Capital | Richtersberg |
Government | |
• Type | Parliamentary republic, partially sovereign member state of a federal state |
• Body | State Chamber of Greuningia |
• Governor | Linda Seidenbach (NBP) |
• Governing parties | NBP/BVP |
• Federal Senate votes | 5 (of 64) |
Population (2021) | |
• Total | 5,754,660 |
Greuningia (Besmenian: Greuningen) is a federal state located in Besmenia.
Geography
Greuningia is located in western Besmenia. The state borders Sedakania to the north, Jakartaburg to the northeast, Maurenmark to the southeast, Zollingia to the south, Frankenburg to the southwest and Xevus to the northwest.
Population
History
Since 1967
With the Besmenian reunification on September 14, 1967, the state of Greuningia was re-established. It originated from the West Besmenian districts of Richtenberg and Köstritz, as well as parts of the districts of Ochsenbeinfurt and Halsholm. Richtersberg became the state capital. On September 24, 1967, state elections were held for the first time in Greuningia and in the other federal states in the area of the former West Besmenia. After the 1967 state election, an SDU-BRP government was formed.
Economically, like the other West Besmenian states, Greuningia fared less well in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with Greuningia experiencing the highest unemployment rate in West Besmenia, resulting to the development of the BVP and BRP as the two dominated parties in Greuningia in the 1970s. On November 1, 1969, the Greuningian Constitution came into force.
Politics
Executive
The executive is led by the state government of Greuningia, which consists of the Greuningian governors and the state ministers. The governor is elected by the state chamber with a majority of its members without debate in a secret ballot for the entire legislative period. The governor appoints and dismisses state ministers. He also appoints a state minister as his deputy. The state chamber can only depose the governor through a constructive vote of no confidence.
Legislature
The legislature is the State Chamber of Greuningia, which is elected every five years using the proportional representation. The Greuningian parliament consists of 107 members. All voters who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote. All parties with more than five percent of the votes are represented in the state parliament.
Greuningian state government
Governors of Greuningia since 1967 | ||||||
No. | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Political party | Election | |
1 | File:Wilhelm Schröder.png | Wilhelm Schröder (1900-1970) |
1 November 1967 |
22 February 1970 † |
SDU | 1967 |
2 | File:Holger Spahnmann.png | Holger Spahnmann (1913-1995) |
22 February 1970 |
23 November 1971 |
SDU | - |
3 | File:Günther Hauknecht.png | Günther Hauknecht (1919-2006) |
23 November 1971 |
7 October 1978 |
BVP | 1971 1975 |
4 | Ulrich Klinker (1930-) |
7 November 1978 |
14 October 1990 |
BVP | 1978 1983 1988 | |
5 | Bernhard Weber (1941-) |
14 October 1990 |
12 November 1998 |
BVP | 1993 | |
6 | Alexander Wiest (1947-2011) |
12 November 1998 |
28 November 2008 |
NBP | 1998 2003 | |
7 | Albrecht Jungmann (1949-) |
28 November 2008 |
20 June 2022 |
BVP | 2008 2013 2018 | |
8 | Markus Krüger (1970-) |
20 June 2022 |
10 November 2023 |
BVP | - | |
9 | Linda Seidenbach (1992-) |
10 November 2023 |
Incumbent | NBP | 2023 |
List of Greuningian state governments
No. | State government | Tenure | Governor | Involved Parties |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Schröder | 1967–1970 | Wilhelm Schröder (SDU) | SDU, BRP |
2. | Spahnmann | 1970–1971 | Holger Spahnmann (SDU) | |
3. | Hauknecht I | 1971–1975 | Günther Hauknecht (BVP) | BVP, BRP |
4. | Hauknecht II | 1975–1978 | ||
5. | Klinker I | 1978–1983 | Ulrich Heberwein (BVP) | BVP |
6. | Heberwein II | 1983-1988 | BVP, FBBP | |
7. | Klinker III | 1988-1990 | ||
8. | Weber I | 1990-1993 | Bernhard Weber (BVP) | |
9. | Weber II | 1993-1998 | BVP, FBBP, GPB | |
10. | Wiest I | 1998-2003 | Alexander von Wiest (NBP) | NBP, BVP |
11. | Wiest II | 2003-2008 | ||
12. | Jungmann I | 2008-2013 | Albrecht Jungmann (BVP) | BVP, SDU |
13. | Jungmann II | 2013-2018 | BVP, FBBP | |
14. | Jungmann III | 2018-2022 | ||
15. | Krüger | 2022-2023 | Markus Krüger (BVP) | |
16. | Seidenbach | 2023- | Linda Seidenbach (NBP) | NBP, BVP |
Legislature
The legislature is the State Chamber of Greuningia, which is elected every five years using the proportional representation. The Greuningian parliament consists of 107 members. All voters who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote. All parties with more than five percent of the votes are represented in the state parliament.
Local government
Greuningia is divided into 29 districts (Landbezirk).
Political development
Greuningia is considered to be a rather conservative state, especially in rural areas, and has been dominated by the BVP at the state political level since the 1970s. From 1971, the BVP was involved in every state government in Greuningia.
The right-wing populist BRP also succeeded in influencing regional politics in the first decades after Greuningia joined the Besmenian Federal Republic. The BRP was involved from 1967 to 1978 as a junior partner in the Greuningian state government. When the BRP formed into the NBP in 1990, the NBP, like its predecessor, continued to win numerous voters in Greuningia, especially through the then NBP chairman and native Greuningian Alexander Wiest, who was also chairman of the regional association of the NBP in Greuningia. In the 1998 and 2003 state elections, the NBP even became the strongest party. Between 1998 and 2008 Alexander Wiest served as governor of Greuningia.
Economy
Greuningia processed the economic structural change after 1967 with success and setbacks at the same time. The large combines had serious structural difficulties in the transition to the social market economy, since their technical systems were mostly completely outdated, were characterized by a high use of labor and caused serious environmental damage. In particular, the mechanical engineering, chemical triangle, and mining combines collapsed rapidly after the West Besmenian Revolution, resulting in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs. Unemployment rose from 10.3% in 1968 to 15.1% in 1970, peaking at 18.7% in 1972 and staying there until 1976.