Falland: Difference between revisions
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|national_motto = ''et sic genuflexus Albert rex'' | |national_motto = ''et sic genuflexus Albert rex'' | ||
|englishmotto = ("And so King Albert knelt") | |englishmotto = ("And so King Albert knelt") | ||
|national_anthem = " | |national_anthem = "Our Georgian Rose" <br> [[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7kA0QFGHgA]] | ||
|royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | |royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | ||
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | |other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn--> | ||
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|ethnic_groups = 75.3% {{wpl|English people|Fallish}} background <br> 24.7% Other background | |ethnic_groups = 75.3% {{wpl|English people|Fallish}} background <br> 24.7% Other background | ||
|ethnic_groups_year = 2015 | |ethnic_groups_year = 2015 | ||
|ethnic_groups_ref = | |ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goodtelegram.com/articles/2942267 |title=Results of the 2014-2015 Ethnic Survey |website=Good Telegram |year=2015}} Retrieved 29 March 2016.</ref> | ||
|religion = < | |religion = 73.3% [[Gregorianism]]<br>23.5% {{wp|Irreligious}}<br>2.8% Others | ||
|religion_year = | |religion_year = 2017 | ||
|religion_ref = < | |religion_ref = <ref>{{cite web |first=Jan |last=Parkston |url=https://www.gov.fl/about/religion/stats/2017 |title=Religion in Falland as of 2017 |website=Fallish government |year=2017}} Retrieved 18 December 2017.</ref> | ||
|demonym = Fallish | |demonym = Fallish | ||
|government_type = {{wpl|Federalism|Federal}} {{wpl|Parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wpl|constitutional monarchy}} | |government_type = {{wpl|Federalism|Federal}} {{wpl|Parliamentary system|parliamentary}} {{wpl|constitutional monarchy}} | ||
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|sovereignty_note = | |sovereignty_note = | ||
|established_event1 = [[Kingdom of Ferland]] | |established_event1 = [[Kingdom of Ferland]] | ||
|established_date1 = 4 March | |established_date1 = 4 March 1114 | ||
|established_event2 = [[Kingdom of Robindy]] | |established_event2 = [[Kingdom of Robindy]] | ||
|established_date2 = 19 November 1204 | |established_date2 = 19 November 1204 | ||
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|established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)--> | |established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)--> | ||
|established_date13 = | |established_date13 = | ||
|area_km2 = | |area_km2 = 415,116 | ||
|percent_water = 0. | |percent_water = 0.5 | ||
|population_estimate = {{steady}} 87,647,322 | |population_estimate = {{steady}} 87,647,322<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.fl/about/pop/2022-2023_population-estimate.pdf |title=2022-2023 Fallish Population Estimate |publisher=Fallish government }} Retrieved 4 January 2024.</ref> | ||
|population_estimate_rank = | |population_estimate_rank = | ||
|population_estimate_year = 2023 | |population_estimate_year = 2023 | ||
|population_census = {{steady}} 84,372,472 | |population_census = {{steady}} 84,372,472<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.fl/about/pop/2014-2015_population-census.pdf |title=2014-2015 Fallish Population Report |publisher=Fallish government }} Retrieved 8 June 2016.</ref> | ||
|population_census_year = 2015 | |population_census_year = 2015 | ||
|population_density_km2 = | |population_density_km2 = 211.14 | ||
|population_density_sq_mi = | |population_density_sq_mi = | ||
|population_density_rank = | |population_density_rank = | ||
|nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> | |nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation--> | ||
|GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $3.714 Trillion | |GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $3.714 Trillion<ref name="gdp">{{cite web |url= https://www.gove.fl/about/gdp |title=The Fallish Economy in 2021 |publisher=Fallish government }} Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> | ||
|GDP_PPP_rank = | |GDP_PPP_rank = | ||
|GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | |GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $42,382 | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $42,382<ref name="gdp" /> | ||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | ||
|GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $3.504 Trillion | |GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $3.504 Trillion<ref name="gdp" /> | ||
|GDP_nominal_rank = | |GDP_nominal_rank = | ||
|GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | |GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $39,982 | |GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $39,982<ref name="gdp" /> | ||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | ||
|Gini = 29.8 | |Gini = 29.8 | ||
|Gini_change = increase | |Gini_change = increase | ||
|Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gini.int/2021/falland |title=Gini index – Falland |publisher=Gini index |year=2021}} Retrieved 4 January 2022.</ref> | |||
|Gini_rank = | |Gini_rank = | ||
|Gini_year = 2021 | |Gini_year = 2021 | ||
| | |HDI_ref = <ref name="hdi">{{Cite web |title=HDI Report 2021-2022 |url=https://www.uc.org/system/files/documents/hdi2021-2022_(1).pdf |website=[[United Congress Development Programme]] }} 16 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</ref> | ||
|HDI_year = 2022 | |||
|HDI = 0.891 | |HDI = 0.891 | ||
|HDI_change = increase | |HDI_change = increase | ||
|HDI_rank = | |HDI_rank = | ||
|currency = [[Fallish Guild|Guild]] (ɢ) | |currency = [[Fallish Guild|Guild]] (ɢ) | ||
|currency_code = FGU | |currency_code = FGU | ||
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|footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | |footnotes = <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes--> | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Falland''', officially the '''Fallish Federation''' is a {{wpl|sovereign state}} in central [[Calesia]] on the southern coast of the [[Swarin Sea]]. Falland shares land borders with X in the east, X in the south and X in the west. It shares maritime borders with [[Waldrich]] and | '''Falland''', officially the '''Fallish Federation''' is a {{wpl|sovereign state}} in central [[Calesia]] on the southern coast of the [[Swarin Sea]]. Falland shares land borders with X in the east, X in the south and X in the west. It shares maritime borders with [[Waldrich]] and X across the Swarin Sea in the north. Much of the south and west of the country is comprised of the [[Braelyne range]], the majority of the country is mostly flat and sits on the [[Fallish plain]]. The country has an area of approximately 415,116 km<sup>2</sup> (160,277 sq mi), with a population of 87 million. It is the most populated country in Calesia and the second largest in terms of land area behind Waldrich. Falland's capital and largest city is [[Sydenham]]. | ||
Modern {{wp|human}}s arrived in Falland around 40,000 years ago. By the 5th millennium BCE, Falland was settled primarily by the [[Falko tribes]], which would come under the [[Cambran Empire]] in 219 CE until their retreat during the 5th century CE. In the aftermath, {{wp|Germanic peoples|Waldic tribes}} settled in Falland, forming a collection of violate kingdoms with the Falko tribes. In 759, Falland was united under the [[!Waldic Empire]]. The empire would eventually end in 1031 when the !French invaded from the south, conquering most of Falland and forcing the !Waldic capital to relocated to Svalland. On the mainland, Falland would be ruled by X until they were overthrown in 1114 by the [[Kingdom of Ferland]] led by [[Albert I of Falland|Albert I]]. Ferland was able to exert influence over much of Falland and neighbouring regions. However, the !French invaded again in 1198, establishing [[Kingdom of Robindy|Robindy]] in the east and an independent Ferland in the west. A strong {{wp|Bureaucracy|bureaucratic system}} emerged in Robindy while Ferland decentralised. The Ferlish king were overthrown in 1377 and the [[Abish Confederation]] would be established. Meanwhile, Robindy faced numerous challenges from both internal and external forces which culminated with the onset of the [[Robindian Civil War]] in 1342. | |||
The [[Catabole]] in 1348 and its subsequent [[Catabole Crisis|crisis]] put the conflict on hold. Much of Falland's population was killed as a result. The war eventually ended in defeat for the monarch. In 1355, [[Geoffrey II]] was forced to sign the [[Alfredian Charter]]. In the 15th century, the end of the Dauloux line caused a succession crisis which was resolved by ascendance of X to the throne, forming a {{wp|personal union}} between X, and Robindy which was reorganised as the [[Kingdom of Falland]]. In 1461, the rift between the Opadic and Cathedralist churches reached a breaking point when it culminated in the eruption of a [[Opadic rebellion|Opadic Rebellion]]. This rebellion would last until 1468 when the [[Charter of Free Religion]] was signed by the monarch.<!--[Sometime after the Charter of Free Religon and before the discovery of Elia Boreal, the personal union ends for reasons that I will discuss with the person who would take up the state Falland had a union with.]--> The first successful Fallish colonial expedition to settle [[Elia Boreal]] was launched in 1492, establishing a small settlement named X near modern-day X. Over the next few decades, Fallish colonial efforts expanded. Diplomacy during this period with other Calesian powers were driven mainly by antagonism with the kingdoms of X and X while closer relations were made with X. In 1504, the [[Fallish Imperial Declaration]] was signed by the monarch, officially forming the [[Fallish Empire]]. | |||
''More history here'' | |||
' | Falland has been described as a {{wp|great power}} with [[Falland#Economy|a strong economy]]; it has the one of the largest economies in [[Calesia]]. As both an historical and contemporary power in {{wp|industry|industrial}}, {{wp|Science|scientific}} and {{wp|technology|technological}} sectors, it is both one of the world's largest exporter and importer. As a developed country it offers {{Wp|social security}}, a {{wp|universal health care}} system, and {{Wp|Education|tuition-free university education}}. Falland is a member of the [[United Congress]], X, X, and X. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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===Cambran rule=== | ===Cambran rule=== | ||
===Middle ages=== | ===Middle ages=== | ||
=== Pre-republic colonial empire === | |||
===First Republic and Capron Restoration=== | ===First Republic and Capron Restoration=== | ||
[[File:Chartist meeting on Kennington Common by William Edward Kilburn 1848 - restoration1.jpg|thumb|The [[Elizabeth Square Declaration]] formally dissolved the [[Kingdom of Falland]] and established a democratic republic]] | [[File:Chartist meeting on Kennington Common by William Edward Kilburn 1848 - restoration1.jpg|thumb|The [[Elizabeth Square Declaration]] formally dissolved the [[Kingdom of Falland]] and established a democratic republic]] | ||
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*Socialist Party (SP) foundation and electoral successes | *Socialist Party (SP) foundation and electoral successes | ||
*Foreign cause collapse of liberalism's support & rise of SP & FRP | *Foreign cause collapse of liberalism's support & rise of SP & FRP | ||
=== Post-Second Cuthish War and rise of FNSFP === | |||
The [[Second Cuthish War]] resulted in a Fallish defeat in 1921, effectively destroyed the incumbent liberal minority government of [[Robert Venables]] who tendered his resignation days after the peace agreement.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Connor |first=John |date=1981 |title=Fallish Defeat in the Second Cuthish War |journal=Political Quarterly |volume=45 |issue=3 |page=210-215}} Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref> 1921 saw right-wing nationalist elements sweep to victory in both the general and prime ministerial elections and a new right-wing coalition led by [[Arthur Whybrow]] of the [[National Party of Falland|National Party]] was formed. Whybrow and his government saw the Fallish defeat as a result of the [[Socialist Party (Falland)|SP]]-[[Republican Party of Falland|RPF]] governments of the past two decades and their inability to prepare the nation for war. He also viewed the instability that had gripped Fallish politics prior to and during the war as a fundamental reason for its defeat and sought to unify the political right under his leadership.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Bensley |first=Gregorina |date=1992 |title=The Ideology of Arthur Whybrow's and His Vision for Falland |journal=Journal of Fallish Politics |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=325-332}} Retrieved 24 July 2013.</ref> | |||
In 1923, the [[General Coalition]] was created by the National Party and several others, consisting of {{Wp|National liberalism|national liberals}}, {{Wp|Conservatism|conservatives}} and factions of {{Wp|Proto-fascism|proto-fascists}} who were united by their anti-{{Wp|liberalism}} and anti-{{Wp|socialism}} as well as their support for the monarchy and the army, both institutions which had been placed under threat from the rising socialist, {{wp|syndicalism|syndicalist}} and {{wp|republicanism|republican}} groups.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The National Party government then passed the [[Lightoller Law]] named after Home Secretary [[Philip Lightoller]] the same year, which meant that the party with the most votes would receive an automatic majority in the Chamber of Deputies and the remaining seats would be divided proportionally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fllegislationarchive.com/documents/1923/lightoller-law_scanned_(34).pdf |title=Lightoller Law - Full Text |website=Fallish Legislation Archive |access-date=2017-05-11}}</ref> In the ensuing general election, the party won with a large plurality of the popular vote and was thus able to gain the majority bonus. The National party was helped by a decline in the [[Socialist Party (Falland)|Socialist Party]] towards the {{wp|national syndicalism|National Syndicalists}} and {{wp|Communism|Communists}} who had split off from the party recently.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
The [[Premiership of Arthur Whybrow|Whybrow government]] in 1924 initially attempted to raise the military’s budget and once again expand the armed forces although anti-war feelings in the public following the Second Cuthish War prevented them from doing this to their full extent.<ref name=":0" /> A [[Recession of 1924|major economic crash]] the same year crippled the government which did not wish to cut military expenditure and pursued social {{wp|austerity}} policies and attempted to raise finances by printing more money causing {{wp|inflation}} to rise rapidly. The rapidly worsening economic situation saw the government, king and industrialists lose faith in Whybrow who resigned in December 1924. Subsequently, [[Hugh Bethell]] was asked to lead a new National Party government.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PM Resigns|work=Daily Times|first=Russell|last=Hayes|date=1924}} [https://world.dailytimes.org/archived/1924/pm-resigns-(12)_sv.3.pdf Archived] 8 June 1996. Retrieved 21 February 2009.</ref> Shortly after Bethell’s tenure began, the government was rocked by a general strike declared by Socialist Party aligned {{wp|trade union}}s. Whilst the strike was a failure, it saw the Communists seize the moment and launch an [[Sydenham Revolt of 1925|armed revolution in Sydenham]] in January 1925. Whilst fighting was limited to one district in Sydenham and was put down within two days it shook the establishment to its core and effectively destroyed confidence in the new National Party and Bethell. The [[Far-right Fallish National Sydicalist Fatherland Party|FNSFP]] seized on the opportunity to begin streetfights against Communists and Socialists which rapidly turned deadly, the authorities largely turned a blind eye to the FNSFP and only targeted Communist and Socialist paramilitaries. | |||
===War Falland=== | ===War Falland=== | ||
[[File:Lord Rothermere (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Thomas Peyton-Jones]], [[Prime Minister of Falland]] (1925-1933)]] | [[File:Lord Rothermere (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Thomas Peyton-Jones]], [[Prime Minister of Falland]] (1925-1933)]] | ||
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*Low-birth rate, reliance on immigration & other modern problems | *Low-birth rate, reliance on immigration & other modern problems | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
<gallery mode=packed heights=100px> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="100px"> | ||
File:White Cliffs of Dover 02.JPG| Chalk Cliffs near Rainham | File:White Cliffs of Dover 02.JPG| Chalk Cliffs near Rainham | ||
File:Mist on Derwent fells - Flickr - col.hou.jpg| Braemablair National Park | File:Mist on Derwent fells - Flickr - col.hou.jpg| Braemablair National Park | ||
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===Geology=== | ===Geology=== | ||
===Biodiversity=== | ===Biodiversity=== | ||
[[File:Fallish bear.jpg|thumb|The [[Fallish bear]] is the national animal of Falland due to its cultural significance.]] | |||
With one of the highest {{wp|flora}}l biodiversity in [[Calesia]], 48,000 species of plants have been recorded in Falland, representing roughly X of all Calesian flora.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Figuier |first=Baudouin |title=Floral Biodiversity in Falland |journal=Calesia Biodiversity Records |year=1973 |volume=24|issue=3 |pages=78-84 }} Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Falland's forests serve as a hotbed of floral diversity. Additionally, Falland recieves species from X to the east, X to the west, as well as X to the south, with Falland's [[Braelyne mountains]] also contributing to habitat diversity.<ref>{{cite book |last=John Saddle |title=Faunal Diversity in Falland's Forest and Mountains |publisher=Milston Press |year=1999 |edition=43 |pages=213-251 }} Retrieved 25 January 2014.</ref> Falland is divided into four terrestrial {{wp|ecoregion}}s: the [[Swarin mixed forests]], [[Blackwood mixed forests]], [[Sollish mixed forests]], and the [[Braelyne conifer and mixed forests]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Guide to Fallish Hunting |author=Theodore Brown |year=2007 |edition=3 }} Retrieved 17 September 2013.</ref> | |||
Falland's indigenous plant species and subspecies are numbered in the 15,000s which includes the {{wp|Viola odorata|Rutland violet}}, {{wp|Sorbus multicrenata|Merrigreen rose}}, {{wp|Karpatiosorbus bristoliensis|Pendleton whitebeam}}, {{wp|Euphrasia vigursii|Marsford eyebright}}, and the {{wp|Bromus interruptus|White brome}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/flora-in-falland |title=List of Plant Species in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref> In addition, Falland has many {{wp|botanical gardens}}, some of which are known outside the country. [[Fallish garden]]s are stylistically based on symmetry, axial geometry and on the principle of imposing order over nature. It has influenced the history of gardening especially X gardening.<ref>{{cite book |last=Quentin Mayer |title=Fallish Garderns and Their Impact on Calesian Gardening |publisher=Sydenham University Press |year=1992 |edition=14 }} Retrieved 8 November 2010.</ref> | |||
In terms of {{wp|fauna}}, it is juxtaposed by Falland's floral diversity, having only about 17,800 species of animals. Their indigenous animal species also consists of slightly over 7,000 species, including the {{wp|St Kilda wren|Coxwick wren}}, [[Fallish bear]], {{wp|Bombina variegata|Yellow-bellied toad}}, {{wp|Skomer vole|Barnesham vole}}, {{wp|Pashford pot beetle|Dunley pot beetle}}, {{wp|Bythiospeum articense|Rothhampton snail}}, as well as 75 {{wp|mammal}} species, 213 {{wp|bird}} species, 412 {{wp|reptile}} species, 83 {{wp|amphibian}} species, 258 {{wp|fish}} species; and 5,929 {{wp|insect}} species.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/fauna-in-falland |title=List of Animal Species in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref> The {{wp|Sorbus multicrenata|Merrigreen rose}}, also known as the Georgian rose is the national flower of Falland while the [[Fallish bear]] is the national animal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moct.fl/articles/symbol.htm |title=National Symbols of Falland |website=Ministry of Culture and Tourism }} Retrieved 31 May 2012.</ref> | |||
The 12 national parks in Falland include the [[Harthpike National Park]], the [[Chalk Cliff Area National Park]], the [[St Mawes National Park]], the [[Milston Lagoon National Parks]], the [[Stennen National Park]], the [[Hairhill National Park]], the [[Burford Forest National Park]], the [[East Braelyne National Park]], the [[Barnesley Forest National Park]], [[Exmouth National Park]], [[Braemablair National Park]] and the [[Breadborough National Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/national-parks |title=National Parks in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 11 June 2013.</ref> There are also 4 {{wp|nature reserve}}s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/nature-reserves |title=Natural reserves in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 4 January 2014.</ref> 82 {{wp|nature park}}s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/nature-parks |title=Nature Parks in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 14 March 2012.</ref> and more than 400 {{wp|zoo}}s and animal parks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moe.fl/articles/list/zoos |title=Zoos in Falland |website=Ministry of Environment }} Retrieved 2 September 2016.</ref> The [[Sydenham Zoo]], which opened in 1864, is the second oldest but largest in Falland, and claims one of the most comprehensive collection of species in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sydenhamzoo.org/about |title=About the Sydenham Zoo |website=Sydenham Zoo }} Retrieved 23 May 2010.</ref> | |||
===Environment=== | ===Environment=== | ||
==Politics and government== | ==Politics and government== | ||
{{main|Politics of Falland}} | {{main|Politics of Falland}} | ||
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{{Infobox legislature | {{Infobox legislature | ||
| name = Current Structure of the Chamber of Deputies | | name = Current Structure of the Chamber of Deputies | ||
| members = | | members = 810 | ||
| structure1 = Chamber of Deputies (Falland) | | structure1 = Chamber of Deputies (Falland) 2024-2028.svg | ||
| structure1_res = 250px | | structure1_res = 250px | ||
| structure1_alt = Current Structure of the Chamber of Deputies of Falland | | structure1_alt = Current Structure of the Chamber of Deputies of Falland | ||
| political_groups1 = '''[[Liberal Bloc (Falland)|Liberal Bloc]] ( | | political_groups1 = '''[[Liberal Bloc (Falland)|Liberal Bloc]] (508)''' | ||
*{{colorbox|#0C9EFF}} [[Progressive Party (Falland)|Progressive Party]] ( | *{{colorbox|#0C9EFF}} [[Progressive Party (Falland)|Progressive Party]] (235) | ||
*{{colorbox|#06CBD9}} [[Liberal Party (Falland)|Liberal Party]] ( | *{{colorbox|#06CBD9}} [[Liberal Party (Falland)|Liberal Party]] (117) | ||
*{{colorbox|#6CB63B}} [[Green Party of Falland| | *{{colorbox|#6CB63B}} [[Green Party of Falland|Green Party]] (104) | ||
'''[[People's Bloc (Falland)|People's Bloc]] ( | *{{colorbox|#B56E27}} [[Democatic Party (Falland)|Democratic Party]] (52) | ||
*{{colorbox|#F50000}} [[Socialist Party (Falland)|Socialist Party]] ( | '''[[People's Bloc (Falland)|People's Bloc]] (299)''' | ||
*{{colorbox|#0E2A85}} [[New Falland Party]] ( | *{{colorbox|#F50000}} [[Socialist Party (Falland)|Socialist Party]] (115) | ||
*{{colorbox|#0E00D4}} [[Republican Party of Falland|Republican]] ( | *{{colorbox|#0E2A85}} [[New Falland Party]] (124) | ||
*{{colorbox|#FF5E6E}} [[Red-Green Movement (Falland)|Red-Green Movement]] ( | *{{colorbox|#0E00D4}} [[Republican Party of Falland|Republican Party]] (29) | ||
*{{colorbox|#FF5E6E}} [[Red-Green Movement (Falland)|Red-Green Movement]] (17) | |||
*{{colorbox|#B2272F}} [[National Workers Party of Falland|NWPF]] (9) | |||
*{{colorbox|#9D28AF}} [[Victory Party of Falland|Victory Party]] (6) | |||
'''Unaligned (2)''' | |||
*{{colorbox|#7AAA4E}} [[Social Democratic Party (Falland)|Social Democratic Party]] (2) | |||
}} | }} | ||
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*Judiciary: Represented by the [[Royal Court of Falland]] and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the monarch on advice of the Cabinet and Prime Minister. | *Judiciary: Represented by the [[Royal Court of Falland]] and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the monarch on advice of the Cabinet and Prime Minister. | ||
[[Theresa of Falland|Theresa]] rules as Queen of the Fallish and serves as {{wp|head of state}}. The {{wp|head of government}} is the [[Prime Minister of Falland|Prime Minister]], currently [[Karren Shroff]] who is elected for 4-year terms and is allowed to serve a maximum of two terms. At the subdivisional level, the Prime Minister is represented by the [[Vice Governors of the Fallish states|vice governors]] in states | [[Theresa of Falland|Theresa]] rules as Queen of the Fallish and serves as {{wp|head of state}}. The {{wp|head of government}} is the [[Prime Minister of Falland|Prime Minister]], currently [[Karren Shroff]] who is elected for 4-year terms and is allowed to serve a maximum of two terms via {{wp|Direct election|Direct voting}}. At the subdivisional level, the Prime Minister is represented by the [[Vice Governors of the Fallish states|vice governors]] in states and [[Vice Mayors of the Fallish free cities|vice mayors]] in free cities. They are appointed by the Prime Minister on advice from the Cabinet and the head of their respective subdivisions. The current Prime Minister is [[Karren Shroff]] who served since 2020. In [[2024 Fallish prime ministerial election|2024]], Shroff was re-elected, continuing the Liberal bloc's hold on power in Falland. | ||
In the Chamber of Advisors (upper house), there are X advisors, a {{wp|hereditary}} position inherited through specific lineages or granted by the monarchy or prime minister to specific individuals on advice of the Chamber of Deputies. The upper house is headed by the [[Chamber of Advisors (Falland)|Speaker of the Advisors]], currently [[Paul Green]] and is voted into office by the members of the Chamber from among themselves for 5-year terms for a maximum of three terms. The Chamber of Deputies (lower house) has | In the Chamber of Advisors (upper house), there are X advisors, a {{wp|hereditary}} position inherited through specific lineages or granted by the monarchy or prime minister to specific individuals on advice of the Chamber of Deputies. The upper house is headed by the [[Chamber of Advisors (Falland)|Speaker of the Advisors]], currently [[Paul Green]] and is voted into office by the members of the Chamber from among themselves for 5-year terms for a maximum of three terms. The Chamber of Deputies (lower house) has 810 members elected from single-member [[Divisions of the Fallish Chamber of Deputies|electoral divisions]], commonly known as "electorates" or "seats", allocated to states on the basis of population, with each of the current subdivisions (excluding Free Cities) guaranteed an average of 34 seats. The lower house has a maximum term of four years which runs parallel to the Prime Ministeral election cycle, it is the duration of terms since 1960, before this, elections were held once every two years. The incumbent [[Chamber of Deputies (Falland)|Speaker of the Deputies]] is [[Matthew Hart]]. Usually, the speaker is elected by members of the lower house for 5-year terms and are allowed to serve multiple terms. | ||
Falland's [[Electoral system of Falland|electoral system]] uses {{wp|Direct election|Direct voting}} for all lower house elections | Falland's [[Electoral system of Falland|electoral system]] uses {{wp|Direct election|Direct voting}} for all lower house elections. {{wp|Compulsory voting|Voting is compulsory}} for all enrolled citizens 18 years and over in almost every jurisdiction apart from [[Lewland]]. The party with majority support in the Chamber of Deputies forms the government and its leader is typically elected as Prime Minister although exceptions to this have occurred in the past. | ||
There are two major political blocs in Falland: the [[Liberal Bloc (Falland)|Liberal Bloc]] in the [[ | There are two major political blocs in Falland: the [[Liberal Bloc (Falland)|Liberal Bloc]] in the [[Premiership of Karren Shroff|Government]], and the [[People's Bloc (Falland)|People's Bloc]] as the {{wp|Opposition (politics)|Opposition}}. The Liberal Bloc is led primarily by the [[Progressive Party (Falland)|Progressive Party]] with 235 seats, they are partnered with the [[Liberal Party (Falland)|Liberal]], the [[Green Party of Falland|Green Party]], and the [[Democatic Party (Falland|Democratic Party]] which holds 117, 104 and 52 seats respectively. The [[People's Bloc (Falland)|People's Bloc]] is headed by the [[Socialist Party (Falland)|Socialist Party]] with 115 seats and the [[New Falland Party]] with 124 seats with four other minority parties included in the bloc including the [[Republican Party of Falland|Republican]] and [[Red-Green Movement (Falland)|Red-Green Movement]], [[National Workers Party of Falland|National Workers]], and [[Victory Party of Falland|Victory]] Parties, possessing 29, 17, 9, and 6 seats respectively. Since 2024, there is also one unaligned party known as the [[Social Democratic Party (Falland)|Social Democratic Party]] with 2 seats. Since 2008, no {{wp|Independent politician|independent}} deputies have been elected to the Chamber of Deputies. | ||
The [[judiciary of Falland]] is headed by the [[Royal Court of Falland]] which serves as the highest court in Falland. It is headed by the [[Royal Court of Falland|President of the Royal Court]], currently [[Clive Osamor]], and answers to the executive branch of the government. It is also responsible for interpreting and applying the law in the country. At the subdivisional level, the judiciary is represented by the [[Supreme Courts of Falland| | The [[judiciary of Falland]] is headed by the [[Royal Court of Falland]] which serves as the highest court in Falland. It is headed by the [[Royal Court of Falland|President of the Royal Court]], currently [[Clive Osamor]], and answers to the executive branch of the government. It is also responsible for interpreting and applying the law in the country. At the subdivisional level, the judiciary is represented by the [[Supreme Courts of Falland|supreme courts]] which all subdivisions possess. There are a total of 2,688 county judges in the judiciary of Falland, 261 subdivisional judges, and 48 national judges. | ||
===States of Falland=== | ===States of Falland=== | ||
{{main|Subdivisions of Falland}} | {{main|Subdivisions of Falland}} | ||
Falland is divided into | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" | ||
|- | |||
! Map !! State !! Capital city !! Largest city !! Population<br><small>(2023)</small> | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="32" |<center>[[File:Subdivision Falland.png|400px]]</center> | |||
! colspan="5" |Subdivision | |||
|- | |||
| [[Astinford]] || [[Dorchester]]|| Dorchester || 4,652,883 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Blackwoodshire]] || [[Stanninghall]]|| [[Burford]]|| 1,082,065 | |||
|- | |||
|[[Barnesham]] | |||
|[[Pedinton]] | |||
|Pedinton | |||
|4,220,056 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Braelyneshire]] || [[Spencing]]|| [[Harthpike]]|| 4,111,850 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Briarborough]] || [[Bolton-on-the-Wolds]]|| [[Campden]]|| 4,220,056 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Burnsworth]] || [[Huntingdon]]|| [[Whiterock]]|| 4,544,676 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Colbury]] || [[Dronfield-on-Sea]]|| [[Hensea]]|| 1,947,718 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Duncanland]] || [[Great Bosworth]]|| [[Rainham]]|| 4,549,212 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Fissier]] || [[Farnham]]|| [[Eastwood]]|| 1,192,202 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Grantset]] || [[Coxwick]]|| Coxwick || 5,734,948 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Hambledonshire]] || [[Hambledon]]|| Hambledon || 5,951,361 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Highwater]] || [[Highbridge]]|| [[St Mawes]]|| 1,623,099 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Kaurwell]] || — || — || 541,033 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Laneford]] || [[Exmouth]]|| Exmouth || 2,705,164 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Lewland]] || [[Barnsley]]|| [[North Petherton]]|| 4,328,262 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Marsford]] || [[Blackpool]]|| [[Buckington]]|| 5,626,742 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Merrigreen]] || [[Loughborough]]|| Loughborough || 2,273,339 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Milston]] || — || — || 324,620 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Milstonshire]] || [[Dunley]]|| Dunley || 3,895,436 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Pendleton, Pendletonshire|Pendleton]] || — || — || 327,203 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Pendletonshire]] || [[Rushden]]|| Rushden || 4,220,056 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Perrys]] || [[Rothhampton]]|| Rothhampton || 3,462,610 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Queensbridge]] || [[Epping]]|| [[Newcastle-on-Lyme]]|| 3,889,322 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Reesthorpe]] || [[Cinderford]]|| [[Evestone]]|| 3,354,404 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Reidside]] || — || — || 216,413 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Rutland]] || [[Braemablair]]|| Braemablair || 1,623,100 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Sydenham]] || — || — || 1,065,653 | |||
|- | |||
| [[West Robindy]] || [[Stenhill]]|| [[Hinckley]]|| 2,596,958 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wexdon]] || — || — || 220,079 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wilkenfield]] || [[Needham Market]]|| Needham Market || 3,354,404 | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#EAECF0" | {{flagicon|Falland}} Falland || style="background:#EAECF0" | [[Sydenham]] || style="background:#EAECF0" | Sydenham || style="background:#EAECF0" | 87,647,322 | |||
|} | |||
Falland is divided into 29 subdivisions. Of these administrative divisions, 23 are States and 6 are Free Cities. Each State has a varying level of autonomy, separate legislatures and governments and separate constitutions. | |||
===Law=== | ===Law=== | ||
===Foreign relations=== | ===Foreign relations=== | ||
[[File:No. 1 Millbank.jpg|thumb|left|[[Falland#Foreign relations|Ministry of External Affairs]] head office in [[Sydenham]]]] | [[File:No. 1 Millbank.jpg|thumb|left|[[Falland#Foreign relations|Ministry of External Affairs]] head office in [[Sydenham]]]] | ||
===Military=== | ===Military=== | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
===Infrastructure=== | ===Infrastructure=== | ||
Line 271: | Line 374: | ||
===Literature=== | ===Literature=== | ||
===Media=== | ===Media=== | ||
[[File:Evening Wire headquarters.jpg|thumb|200px|Headquarters of the [[Evening Wire]] in [[Hambledon]].]] | |||
Falland historically possessed a large association with print {{wp|newspaper}}s, with the ''[[Sydenham Eye]]'' standing as one of the oldest in the world, established in 1669. However, in recent years, there have been a shift away from physical newspapers towards cable and digital platforms. In 1990, about 55.4% of the Fallish people read the physical newspaper regularly while 34.7% used the {{wp|internet}} to do so, but by 2010, only 17.5% of the population continued to consume traditional newspapers while cable and internet access for news have rose to roughly 73.2%. Major newspapers produced in Falland that have also achieved international circulation include the ''[[Daily Times]]'', ''[[The Watchman]]'', ''[[Braelyne News]]'', ''[[Wexdon Telegraph]]'', and the ''[[Fallish Morning Post]]''. Major journals and magazines that have also done the same include the ''[[Financial Prophet]]'', ''[[The Analyser]]'', ''[[Good Telegram]]'', and ''[[The Postmaster]]''. | |||
{{wp|Television}} and {{wp|radio}} remain prevalent forms of media consumption, particularly in rural areas, where access to the internet remains slow. [[Sydenham]] and [[Hambledon]] dominate the television and radio industry, with many of these companies based in the two cities. There are a total of 12 major television broadcasting companies in Falland, the oldest being the [[Evening Wire]] with [[EWTV]] which was launched in 1951. Since the 1970s, the Fallish government has also participated in joint ventures with companies such as [[Richardson Networks]] with [[Channel 8 Falland]], and [[Almellon]] with [[FNTVC]]. Radio broadcasting meanwhile, is a nationalised sector in Falland, overseen by the [[Fallish Radio Service]] (FRS) since 1963 due to several scandals involving private radio stations in the preceding years. The Fallish Radio Service operates numerous stations. Among the most popular are [[FRS One]] and [[FRS Two]]. The [[Milston Broadcasting Company]] was the oldest radio company, established in 1913. | |||
As of 2021, roughly 83% of the population utilises the Internet, a figure that has grown exponentially ever since the introduction of {{wp|broadband}} Internet services in the early 2000s. Falland also has one of the [[Video games in Falland|largest video game industry]] in the world, behind X and X, being home to several internationally known gaming companies which include [[Richardson Games]], [[Gears Interactives]], [[Maxwell Interactive Entertainment]], and [[YellowCo Entertainment]]. | |||
===Cuisine=== | ===Cuisine=== | ||
===Sports=== | ===Sports=== | ||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Falland]] | [[Category:Falland]] | ||
{{Teleon}} |
Revision as of 17:23, 13 May 2024
This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Fallish Federation | |
---|---|
Motto: et sic genuflexus Albert rex ("And so King Albert knelt") | |
Anthem: "Our Georgian Rose" | |
Capital and largest city | Sydenham |
Official languages | Fallish |
Ethnic groups (2015)[1] | 75.3% Fallish background 24.7% Other background |
Religion (2017)[2] | 73.3% Gregorianism 23.5% Irreligious 2.8% Others |
Demonym(s) | Fallish |
Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Theresa |
Karren Shroff | |
Paul Green | |
Matthew Hart | |
Clive Osamor | |
Legislature | Federal Parliament |
Chamber of Advisors | |
Chamber of Deputies | |
Establishment | |
4 March 1114 | |
19 November 1204 | |
13 May 1504 | |
19 July 1858 | |
9 April 1864 | |
26 October 1926 | |
7 September 1944 | |
Area | |
• Total | 415,116 km2 (160,277 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 0.5 |
Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 87,647,322[3] |
• 2015 census | 84,372,472[4] |
• Density | 211.14/km2 (546.9/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $3.714 Trillion[5] |
• Per capita | $42,382[5] |
GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $3.504 Trillion[5] |
• Per capita | $39,982[5] |
Gini (2021) | 29.8[6] low |
HDI (2022) | 0.891[7] very high |
Currency | Guild (ɢ) (FGU) |
Time zone | UTC+0 (Central Calesian Time, CCT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (Central Calesian Summer Time, CCST) |
Date format | dd-mm-yy |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +20 |
Internet TLD | .fl |
Falland, officially the Fallish Federation is a sovereign state in central Calesia on the southern coast of the Swarin Sea. Falland shares land borders with X in the east, X in the south and X in the west. It shares maritime borders with Waldrich and X across the Swarin Sea in the north. Much of the south and west of the country is comprised of the Braelyne range, the majority of the country is mostly flat and sits on the Fallish plain. The country has an area of approximately 415,116 km2 (160,277 sq mi), with a population of 87 million. It is the most populated country in Calesia and the second largest in terms of land area behind Waldrich. Falland's capital and largest city is Sydenham.
Modern humans arrived in Falland around 40,000 years ago. By the 5th millennium BCE, Falland was settled primarily by the Falko tribes, which would come under the Cambran Empire in 219 CE until their retreat during the 5th century CE. In the aftermath, Waldic tribes settled in Falland, forming a collection of violate kingdoms with the Falko tribes. In 759, Falland was united under the !Waldic Empire. The empire would eventually end in 1031 when the !French invaded from the south, conquering most of Falland and forcing the !Waldic capital to relocated to Svalland. On the mainland, Falland would be ruled by X until they were overthrown in 1114 by the Kingdom of Ferland led by Albert I. Ferland was able to exert influence over much of Falland and neighbouring regions. However, the !French invaded again in 1198, establishing Robindy in the east and an independent Ferland in the west. A strong bureaucratic system emerged in Robindy while Ferland decentralised. The Ferlish king were overthrown in 1377 and the Abish Confederation would be established. Meanwhile, Robindy faced numerous challenges from both internal and external forces which culminated with the onset of the Robindian Civil War in 1342.
The Catabole in 1348 and its subsequent crisis put the conflict on hold. Much of Falland's population was killed as a result. The war eventually ended in defeat for the monarch. In 1355, Geoffrey II was forced to sign the Alfredian Charter. In the 15th century, the end of the Dauloux line caused a succession crisis which was resolved by ascendance of X to the throne, forming a personal union between X, and Robindy which was reorganised as the Kingdom of Falland. In 1461, the rift between the Opadic and Cathedralist churches reached a breaking point when it culminated in the eruption of a Opadic Rebellion. This rebellion would last until 1468 when the Charter of Free Religion was signed by the monarch. The first successful Fallish colonial expedition to settle Elia Boreal was launched in 1492, establishing a small settlement named X near modern-day X. Over the next few decades, Fallish colonial efforts expanded. Diplomacy during this period with other Calesian powers were driven mainly by antagonism with the kingdoms of X and X while closer relations were made with X. In 1504, the Fallish Imperial Declaration was signed by the monarch, officially forming the Fallish Empire.
More history here
Falland has been described as a great power with a strong economy; it has the one of the largest economies in Calesia. As both an historical and contemporary power in industrial, scientific and technological sectors, it is both one of the world's largest exporter and importer. As a developed country it offers social security, a universal health care system, and tuition-free university education. Falland is a member of the United Congress, X, X, and X.
Etymology
History
Antiquity
Cambran rule
Middle ages
Pre-republic colonial empire
First Republic and Capron Restoration
- Angered by increasing corruption, unpopular royally appointed governments & a worsening economic state for the middle and lower classes. A popular revolution in 1850 forces the King to establish a proper constitutional monarchy and full universal male suffrage
- Emergence of the Liberal Party after suffrage enacted, successive liberal governments until 1858 when new king appoints his conservative uncle to PM and begins to roll-back some advances
- Subsequent revolution & Elizabeth Square Declaration which abolishes the monarchy, grants amnesty to the King but orders the imprisonment of the ex-PM
- Royal family flee abroad & declare new state illegitimate
- Ensuing war forces a monarchical restoration in 1858 although constitutional monarchy & universal male suffrage guaranteed
- Colonial expansion & empire
- Industrialism & economic powerhouse
- Liberal governments become increasingly pro-monarchy, rise of the Fallish Republican Party (FRP)
- FRP govt. in 1902 allied w/ left liberals, no parliamentary majority for an abolition but monarchy's popularity remains very low
- FRP ousted after colonial scandal & right Liberals + conservatives + nationalists restored to power
- Socialist Party (SP) foundation and electoral successes
- Foreign cause collapse of liberalism's support & rise of SP & FRP
Post-Second Cuthish War and rise of FNSFP
The Second Cuthish War resulted in a Fallish defeat in 1921, effectively destroyed the incumbent liberal minority government of Robert Venables who tendered his resignation days after the peace agreement.[8] 1921 saw right-wing nationalist elements sweep to victory in both the general and prime ministerial elections and a new right-wing coalition led by Arthur Whybrow of the National Party was formed. Whybrow and his government saw the Fallish defeat as a result of the SP-RPF governments of the past two decades and their inability to prepare the nation for war. He also viewed the instability that had gripped Fallish politics prior to and during the war as a fundamental reason for its defeat and sought to unify the political right under his leadership.[9]
In 1923, the General Coalition was created by the National Party and several others, consisting of national liberals, conservatives and factions of proto-fascists who were united by their anti-liberalism and anti-socialism as well as their support for the monarchy and the army, both institutions which had been placed under threat from the rising socialist, syndicalist and republican groups.[9]
The National Party government then passed the Lightoller Law named after Home Secretary Philip Lightoller the same year, which meant that the party with the most votes would receive an automatic majority in the Chamber of Deputies and the remaining seats would be divided proportionally.[10] In the ensuing general election, the party won with a large plurality of the popular vote and was thus able to gain the majority bonus. The National party was helped by a decline in the Socialist Party towards the National Syndicalists and Communists who had split off from the party recently.[9]
The Whybrow government in 1924 initially attempted to raise the military’s budget and once again expand the armed forces although anti-war feelings in the public following the Second Cuthish War prevented them from doing this to their full extent.[9] A major economic crash the same year crippled the government which did not wish to cut military expenditure and pursued social austerity policies and attempted to raise finances by printing more money causing inflation to rise rapidly. The rapidly worsening economic situation saw the government, king and industrialists lose faith in Whybrow who resigned in December 1924. Subsequently, Hugh Bethell was asked to lead a new National Party government.[11] Shortly after Bethell’s tenure began, the government was rocked by a general strike declared by Socialist Party aligned trade unions. Whilst the strike was a failure, it saw the Communists seize the moment and launch an armed revolution in Sydenham in January 1925. Whilst fighting was limited to one district in Sydenham and was put down within two days it shook the establishment to its core and effectively destroyed confidence in the new National Party and Bethell. The FNSFP seized on the opportunity to begin streetfights against Communists and Socialists which rapidly turned deadly, the authorities largely turned a blind eye to the FNSFP and only targeted Communist and Socialist paramilitaries.
War Falland
- Far-right Fallish National Sydicalist Fatherland Party (FNSFP) elected in 1925 election, defeating the unpopular liberal government (FNSFP wins only about 20% of the popular vote but a majority of seats bc of a majority bonus system)
- FNSFP Prime Minister Thomas Peyton-Jones begins consolidating power, sidelining his conservative allies and banning the socialist party after a series of anti-govt riots
- Current monarch seeing Asplinism as a more agreeable form of Socialism & attracted to their militarist leanings assents to granting Parliament more powers and giving Peyton-Jones emergency powers
- FNSFP one-party Asplinist state declared, all opposition parties and trade unions are disbanded followed up with a sham election
- Irredentist foreign policy expanded upon and colonial reforms enacted loosening ties with some colonies
- Peyton-Jones is ousted by more radical politicians led by former editor and propaganda minister Edwin Bampfylde
- Bampfylde takes a hard-line expansionist ideology to distract from a faltering economy
- Any potential war turns into a protracted nightmare for Bampfylde who had hoped for a quick victory, Bampfylde takes over planning the war and assumes all war ministries + foreign affairs fearing a potential coup
- Harsh repression of growing opposition movement & govt. becomes more totalitarian
- Massive military defeat causes lines to collapse, major retreats and desertion as well as decimation
- King abdicates in favour of his sister who is placed under strict house arrest
- Bampfylde & leading government officials captured & Falland fully occupied after unconditional surrender
Contemporary period
- Fallish colonies either granted independence or become international mandates, Sydenham becomes a neutral internationally governed free city whilst Falland is occupied
- Elections to a constitutional assembly see right-wing Progressives (former civil servants etc) & liberals (former establishment) win a majority combined, position of the monarchy secured despite republican grumbling from FRP & SP (election results potentially interfered w/ by occupying powers who disliked the Fallish socialists & republicans for their perceived inability to prevent the FNSFP govt.
- Monarchy referendum passes narrowly although emboldens the Socialist Party who win the first Sydenham elections whilst Falland is still occupied
- Progressive-Socialist-Liberal-Republican national unity govt. created to provide a united front for independence, Sydenham rejoins Falland (neutrality enshrined in constitution)
- Braemablair Agreement allows for Fallish independence although enshrines neutrality & bans all but defensive military action
- Welfare state created by Socialist-Republican govt.
- Cultural community established w/ former colonies
- Economic recover (Miracle on the Kir)
- Return to the international stage
- Modern 'agreeable partner' foreign policy
- Low-birth rate, reliance on immigration & other modern problems
Geography
Geology
Biodiversity
With one of the highest floral biodiversity in Calesia, 48,000 species of plants have been recorded in Falland, representing roughly X of all Calesian flora.[12] Falland's forests serve as a hotbed of floral diversity. Additionally, Falland recieves species from X to the east, X to the west, as well as X to the south, with Falland's Braelyne mountains also contributing to habitat diversity.[13] Falland is divided into four terrestrial ecoregions: the Swarin mixed forests, Blackwood mixed forests, Sollish mixed forests, and the Braelyne conifer and mixed forests.[14]
Falland's indigenous plant species and subspecies are numbered in the 15,000s which includes the Rutland violet, Merrigreen rose, Pendleton whitebeam, Marsford eyebright, and the White brome.[15] In addition, Falland has many botanical gardens, some of which are known outside the country. Fallish gardens are stylistically based on symmetry, axial geometry and on the principle of imposing order over nature. It has influenced the history of gardening especially X gardening.[16]
In terms of fauna, it is juxtaposed by Falland's floral diversity, having only about 17,800 species of animals. Their indigenous animal species also consists of slightly over 7,000 species, including the Coxwick wren, Fallish bear, Yellow-bellied toad, Barnesham vole, Dunley pot beetle, Rothhampton snail, as well as 75 mammal species, 213 bird species, 412 reptile species, 83 amphibian species, 258 fish species; and 5,929 insect species.[17] The Merrigreen rose, also known as the Georgian rose is the national flower of Falland while the Fallish bear is the national animal.[18]
The 12 national parks in Falland include the Harthpike National Park, the Chalk Cliff Area National Park, the St Mawes National Park, the Milston Lagoon National Parks, the Stennen National Park, the Hairhill National Park, the Burford Forest National Park, the East Braelyne National Park, the Barnesley Forest National Park, Exmouth National Park, Braemablair National Park and the Breadborough National Park.[19] There are also 4 nature reserves,[20] 82 nature parks,[21] and more than 400 zoos and animal parks.[22] The Sydenham Zoo, which opened in 1864, is the second oldest but largest in Falland, and claims one of the most comprehensive collection of species in the world.[23]
Environment
Politics and government
Current Structure of the Chamber of Deputies | |
---|---|
Structure | |
Seats | 810 |
Political groups | Liberal Bloc (508)
People's Bloc (299)
Unaligned (2) |
Falland is a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy, and a federation with Theresa at the top as Queen of the Fallish. The country has maintained its constitution since the establishment of the Fallish Federation in 1944. It is one of the oldest federation in the world, in which power is divided between the central and state, free city, and territory governments. The Fallish political system combines elements derived from the Alfredian Charter and its successors (constitutional monarchy, a bicameral parliament, and strong party discipline), and the political model of X (federalism).
The government is separated into three branches:
- Executive: Led by the Prime Minister who also leads the Cabinet of Falland, consisting of 21 members and headed by the Minister of Civil Affairs.
- Legislature: Represented by the bicameral Federal Parliament, comprising the Chamber of Advisors, and the Chamber of Deputies.
- Judiciary: Represented by the Royal Court of Falland and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the monarch on advice of the Cabinet and Prime Minister.
Theresa rules as Queen of the Fallish and serves as head of state. The head of government is the Prime Minister, currently Karren Shroff who is elected for 4-year terms and is allowed to serve a maximum of two terms via Direct voting. At the subdivisional level, the Prime Minister is represented by the vice governors in states and vice mayors in free cities. They are appointed by the Prime Minister on advice from the Cabinet and the head of their respective subdivisions. The current Prime Minister is Karren Shroff who served since 2020. In 2024, Shroff was re-elected, continuing the Liberal bloc's hold on power in Falland.
In the Chamber of Advisors (upper house), there are X advisors, a hereditary position inherited through specific lineages or granted by the monarchy or prime minister to specific individuals on advice of the Chamber of Deputies. The upper house is headed by the Speaker of the Advisors, currently Paul Green and is voted into office by the members of the Chamber from among themselves for 5-year terms for a maximum of three terms. The Chamber of Deputies (lower house) has 810 members elected from single-member electoral divisions, commonly known as "electorates" or "seats", allocated to states on the basis of population, with each of the current subdivisions (excluding Free Cities) guaranteed an average of 34 seats. The lower house has a maximum term of four years which runs parallel to the Prime Ministeral election cycle, it is the duration of terms since 1960, before this, elections were held once every two years. The incumbent Speaker of the Deputies is Matthew Hart. Usually, the speaker is elected by members of the lower house for 5-year terms and are allowed to serve multiple terms.
Falland's electoral system uses Direct voting for all lower house elections. Voting is compulsory for all enrolled citizens 18 years and over in almost every jurisdiction apart from Lewland. The party with majority support in the Chamber of Deputies forms the government and its leader is typically elected as Prime Minister although exceptions to this have occurred in the past.
There are two major political blocs in Falland: the Liberal Bloc in the Government, and the People's Bloc as the Opposition. The Liberal Bloc is led primarily by the Progressive Party with 235 seats, they are partnered with the Liberal, the Green Party, and the Democratic Party which holds 117, 104 and 52 seats respectively. The People's Bloc is headed by the Socialist Party with 115 seats and the New Falland Party with 124 seats with four other minority parties included in the bloc including the Republican and Red-Green Movement, National Workers, and Victory Parties, possessing 29, 17, 9, and 6 seats respectively. Since 2024, there is also one unaligned party known as the Social Democratic Party with 2 seats. Since 2008, no independent deputies have been elected to the Chamber of Deputies.
The judiciary of Falland is headed by the Royal Court of Falland which serves as the highest court in Falland. It is headed by the President of the Royal Court, currently Clive Osamor, and answers to the executive branch of the government. It is also responsible for interpreting and applying the law in the country. At the subdivisional level, the judiciary is represented by the supreme courts which all subdivisions possess. There are a total of 2,688 county judges in the judiciary of Falland, 261 subdivisional judges, and 48 national judges.
States of Falland
Falland is divided into 29 subdivisions. Of these administrative divisions, 23 are States and 6 are Free Cities. Each State has a varying level of autonomy, separate legislatures and governments and separate constitutions.
Law
Foreign relations
Military
Economy
Infrastructure
Transport
Tourism
Agriculture
Demographics
Religion
Languages
Migrants and refugees
Education
Health
Culture
Music
Art
Literature
Media
Falland historically possessed a large association with print newspapers, with the Sydenham Eye standing as one of the oldest in the world, established in 1669. However, in recent years, there have been a shift away from physical newspapers towards cable and digital platforms. In 1990, about 55.4% of the Fallish people read the physical newspaper regularly while 34.7% used the internet to do so, but by 2010, only 17.5% of the population continued to consume traditional newspapers while cable and internet access for news have rose to roughly 73.2%. Major newspapers produced in Falland that have also achieved international circulation include the Daily Times, The Watchman, Braelyne News, Wexdon Telegraph, and the Fallish Morning Post. Major journals and magazines that have also done the same include the Financial Prophet, The Analyser, Good Telegram, and The Postmaster.
Television and radio remain prevalent forms of media consumption, particularly in rural areas, where access to the internet remains slow. Sydenham and Hambledon dominate the television and radio industry, with many of these companies based in the two cities. There are a total of 12 major television broadcasting companies in Falland, the oldest being the Evening Wire with EWTV which was launched in 1951. Since the 1970s, the Fallish government has also participated in joint ventures with companies such as Richardson Networks with Channel 8 Falland, and Almellon with FNTVC. Radio broadcasting meanwhile, is a nationalised sector in Falland, overseen by the Fallish Radio Service (FRS) since 1963 due to several scandals involving private radio stations in the preceding years. The Fallish Radio Service operates numerous stations. Among the most popular are FRS One and FRS Two. The Milston Broadcasting Company was the oldest radio company, established in 1913.
As of 2021, roughly 83% of the population utilises the Internet, a figure that has grown exponentially ever since the introduction of broadband Internet services in the early 2000s. Falland also has one of the largest video game industry in the world, behind X and X, being home to several internationally known gaming companies which include Richardson Games, Gears Interactives, Maxwell Interactive Entertainment, and YellowCo Entertainment.
Cuisine
Sports
References
- ↑ "Results of the 2014-2015 Ethnic Survey". Good Telegram. 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
- ↑ Parkston, Jan (2017). "Religion in Falland as of 2017". Fallish government. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "2022-2023 Fallish Population Estimate" (PDF). Fallish government. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ↑ "2014-2015 Fallish Population Report" (PDF). Fallish government. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "The Fallish Economy in 2021". Fallish government. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ "Gini index – Falland". Gini index. 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ↑ "HDI Report 2021-2022" (PDF). United Congress Development Programme. 16 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ↑ Connor, John (1981). "Fallish Defeat in the Second Cuthish War". Political Quarterly. 45 (3): 210-215. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Bensley, Gregorina (1992). "The Ideology of Arthur Whybrow's and His Vision for Falland". Journal of Fallish Politics. 12 (4): 325-332. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- ↑ "Lightoller Law - Full Text" (PDF). Fallish Legislation Archive. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
- ↑ Hayes, Russell (1924). "PM Resigns". Daily Times. Archived 8 June 1996. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ↑ Figuier, Baudouin (1973). "Floral Biodiversity in Falland". Calesia Biodiversity Records. 24 (3): 78–84. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ↑ John Saddle (1999). Faunal Diversity in Falland's Forest and Mountains (43 ed.). Milston Press. pp. 213–251. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- ↑ Theodore Brown (2007). Guide to Fallish Hunting (3 ed.). Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ↑ "List of Plant Species in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ↑ Quentin Mayer (1992). Fallish Garderns and Their Impact on Calesian Gardening (14 ed.). Sydenham University Press. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
- ↑ "List of Animal Species in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ↑ "National Symbols of Falland". Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
- ↑ "National Parks in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ↑ "Natural reserves in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ↑ "Nature Parks in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ↑ "Zoos in Falland". Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ↑ "About the Sydenham Zoo". Sydenham Zoo. Retrieved 23 May 2010.