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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix  =  
|honorific-prefix  =  
|name              = Jiāng Zhōngyǔ
|name              = Jiāng Zhōngyú
|native_name        = 江终于
|native_name        = 江钟余
|native_name_lang   =  
|native_name_lang   =  
|honorific-suffix  =  
|honorific-suffix  =  
|image              =Xi Jinping October 2015.jpg
|image              =Xi Jinping October 2015.jpg
Line 9: Line 9:
|smallimage        = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
|smallimage        = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
|caption            = Jiang in May 2008
|caption            = Jiang in May 2008
|office            = [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Xiaodong|Chairperson]] of the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] of [[Xiaodong|Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong]]
|office            = Minister of International Relations
|term_start        = 21<sup>st</sup> May 2005
|premier          =  [[Wen Kezhi]]
|term_end          = 19<sup>th</sup> November 2016
|term_start        =  8<sup>th</sup> March 2022
|deputy            = [[Qiao Jianxing]]<br>[[Lu Yangliang]]
|premier2          =  [[Xi Yaotang]]
|primeminister      = [[Han Guanzheng]]<br>[[Yuan Xiannian]]
|term_start2        = 30<sup>th</sup>March 2007
|predecessor       = [[Yang Zhengming]]
|term_end2          = 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014
|successor          = [[Yuan Xiannian]]
|predecessor2      = Qin Baoming
|office2           = Minister of Finance
|successor2        = Xu Bangguo
|term_start2       = 18<sup>nd</sup> May 2000
|office3            = [[Premier of Shangea]]
|term_end2         = 21<sup>st</sup> May 2005
|term_start3        =  19<sup>th</sup> June 2014
|primeminister2    = [[Han Guanzheng]]
|term_end3          =  8<sup>th</sup> March 2022
|predecessor2      = Meng Chungwu
|president3          =[[Yuan Xiannian]]
|successor2        = Yu Dexiong
|deputy3            = [[Jiang Shaohong]]<br>[[Yuan Qinqin]]
|birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1952|12|27}}
|predecessor3       = [[Xi Yaotang]]
|birth_place        = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22x20px]] Baiqiao, Huayuan Prefecture, [[Xiaodong]]
|successor3        = [[Wen Kezhi]]  
|office4           = Member of the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]
|term_start4       = 30<sup>th</sup>March 2007
|term_end4         =  
|birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1956|04|27}}
|birth_place        = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22x20px]] Baiqiao, [[Shangea]]
|death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) -->
|death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) -->
|death_place        =  
|death_place        =  
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|citizenship        =  
|citizenship        =  
|nationality        =  
|nationality        =  
|party             = [[Righteous Harmony Association]]
|party = [[Constitutional Protection Society]]<br>[[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
|otherparty        =
|otherparty        =
|spouse            = Peng Xuehong
|spouse            = Peng Xuehong
Line 38: Line 43:
|children          = 2
|children          = 2
|residence          =  
|residence          =  
|alma_mater         = University of Rongzhuo
|alma_mater = University of Baiqiao
|occupation         = Politician<br>Economist
|occupation         =  
|profession        =  
|profession        =  
|cabinet            =  
|cabinet            =  
Line 48: Line 53:
|signature_alt      =  
|signature_alt      =  
|website            =  
|website            =  
|footnotes         =  
| footnotes           =  
}}
}}
'''Jiang Zhongyu''' (''{{Wp|Mandarin Chinese|Xiaodongese}}'': '''江终于'''; ''{{wp|Pinyin|fuhao}}'': ''Jiāng Zhōngyǔ'') is a former [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] politician currently on trial for {{wp|treason}}, {{wp|sedition}} and {{wp|corruption}}. He previously served as [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Xiaodong|Chairperson of the State Presidium]] from 2005 to his resignation in 2016 and Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2005.
'''Jiang Zhongyu''' (''{{Wp|Mandarin Chinese|Shangean}}'': '''江钟余'''; ''{{wp|Pinyin|fuhao}}'': ''Jiāng Zhōngyú'') is a [[Shangea|Shangean]] politician who has been theInternational Relations Minister from March 2022 having previously served from 2007 to 2014. He was previously [[Premier of Shangea]] from 2014 to 2022 and Governor of the Nanqing province from 2000 to 2007.  


Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's as a member of the moderate-conservative [[Righteous Harmony Association]]. In 2000 [[Han Guanzheng]], then [[Premier of Xiaodong]], promoted him to the position of Minister of Finance as part of a push to promote younger members to high government posts. As Finance Minister he was marked by a strongly pro-{{wp|free market}} direction encouraging public-private partnerships, privatising state-owned enterprises and encouraging economic development. He was credited for successfully managing the 2005 Euclean financial crisis for Xiaodong, endorsing a large bailout and streamlining public expenditure.  
Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's as a member of conservative [[Constitutional Protection Society]]. Jiang served as a career bureaucrat within the Shangean diplomatic service being Shangea's representative at the [[Community of Nations]] from 2002 to 2007. In 2007 he was appointed as Minister of International Relations under the government of [[Xi Yaotang]]. As International Relations Minister he became closely allied with the State Chairman Yuan Xiannian and played a core role in promoting shifts in Shangean foreign policy to a more assertive role in south [[Coius]] and relying on the [[International Forum for Developing States]] to project Shangean influence.


In 2005 Jiang in an alliance with [[Yuan Xiannian]] and [[Xi Yao-tong]] were able to oust the old guard of the regime after assembling a majority of party and state institutions in their favour over the formalised political party structures in an event known as the [[Anti-Bureaucratic Movement]] (反官僚运动). Jiang was appointed State Chairman, Yuan Premier and Xi Vice-Premier with the three of them considered to be governing in a triumvirate. Initially Jiang as the most senior of the three was considered to be the main figure in Xiaodongese governance between 2005 to 2011 thanks to his Righteous Harmony Association being the largest of the three factions and his alliance with Yuan marginalising Xi's supporters.
Following the 2014 Shangean elections premier Xi resigned due to poor results for the governing [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] with Jiang being appointed his successor. In October 2016 Jiang was implicated in the Dianfu Banking Scandal which triggered the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. Jiang kept his post following the repression of the protests and became a key player in the enforcement of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]]. In 2022 he became International Relations Minister again being replaced as premier by Wen Keizi.  


As State Chairman Jiang took a renewed interest in foreign policy. Considered to be more reformist then Yuan but less so then Xi Jiang distanced Xiaodong from strategic arms negotiations with [[Senria]] and instead promoted much stronger ties between ROSPO nations. Jiang did however support a strong role for Xiaodong in multilateral institutions and maintained cordial relations with [[Gaullica]] and [[Narozalica]] in his term.  
Jiang has been identified with the relatively hardline Yuan Xiannian throughout his career, combing economic modernisation with nationalism. Under his premiership during the Normalisation programme Jiang was seen as the unofficial leader of the government's "scientific clique" advocating an authoritarian technocracy. He has also been a strong advocate for {{wp|south–south cooperation}} and has placed more emphasis on ties with developing countries through the International Forum for Developing States. Jiang has been described as "''one of Shangea's foremost political operators''" due to his "''ruthless pragmatism'', and has been identified as the Shangean regime's chief foreign policy operator.


In domestic policy Jiang was seen as a "conservative reformist", supporting greater free-market reforms in the economy but being more conservative in regards to political reform. Under his tenure Jiang largely focused on the effects of the 2005 crisis pursuing {{Wp|demand-side economics}} to maintain growth whilst continuing the economic reform agenda of privatisation and deregulation. Under Jiang Xiaodong enjoyed record economic growth continuing the so-called "supply side miracle" during the entirety of the 2000's. Jiang also expanded the [[Shujichu]] and was seen to introduce stricter surveillance over civil society.  
==Early life==
Jiang Zhongyu was born in 1956 in the city of [[Baiqiao]] in a working class family of dock workers’, the first of four children. He grew up in the dock workers’ district in Baiqiao which was notable at the time for extreme poverty and disease. Jiang was able to get an adequate primary education before at the age of 12 being sent to be a runner at the docks, but nevertheless continued to attend school. He was able to pass selective exams at the age of 17 to enter higher education which enabled him to attend university albeit on a loan from the government.  


Jiang was initially hesitant to approve [[Operation Eastern Protection]] which led to a decline in his popularity. He was seen to lose influence following the operation as Yuan, Xi and general [[Ren Shaokun]] stacked the government with Yuan's allies in the Righteous Harmony Association over Jiang's faction. As a result Jiang was active in opposing the policies of the Yuan government leading to conflict between the Premier's Office and the State Chairman with Jiang vetoing more legislation than any prior State Chairman.
Jiang attended the University of Baiqiao where he studied {{wp|international relations}}. Whilst at the University of Baiqiao Jiang met his future wife Peng Xuehong. Jiang graduated from the University of Baiqiao in 1977 and subsequently went to work for the Shangean foreign ministry.
==Early Career==
==Foreign Ministry first term==
==Premier==
==Foreign Ministry second term==
==Views==
Jiang has been identified as being a moderate, being less authoritarian and anti-Senrian than his predecessor [[Yuan Xiannian]]. Jiang has called himself a {{wp|pragmatism|pragmatist}} who is "''only concerned with the welfare of Shangea and the Shangean people''".  


In October 2016 Jiang was implicated in the Dianfu Banking Scandal which triggered the [[2016-17 Xiaodongese Protests]]. Initially sending police units to repress the protests Jiang's actions led to a backlash and a greater expansion of the protests undermining Jiang's public image. After his political support in the government and the military collapsed on the 19th November 2016 Jiang announced he would resign from all state positions, handing power over to premier Yuan Xiannian. He continued as Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Righteous Harmony Association but was forced to relinquish that post as well when the organisation was dissolved by the Judicial Council.  
However some political commentators have accused Jiang of being a {{wp|populism|populist}} who has "''shifted his views based on the situation''". Shangean political scientist Hu Guxiang has stated "''Jiang has few fixed principles. His ideological flexibility means he can convince [[Shangean nationalism|nationalists]], {{wp|Socialism|socialists}} and {{wp|Liberalism|liberals}} that he is one their side''. Hu stated however that his record generally points him as being in favour of centralising power within the regime whilst using propaganda as a tool for legitimisation rather then force.  


In 2017, as part of [[Normalisation (Xiaodong)|Normalisation]] Jiang was accused of being connected to a plot by rogue members of the military and the Righteous Harmony Association that would have overthrown the Xiaodongese government, as well as colluding with foreign powers and engaging in corruption. As such Jiang was imprisoned and is currently on trial for sedition and corruption.
Jiang has been called as the Shangean regime's chief ideologist and crucial in shaping Shangean politics into {{wp|managed democracy}}.
===Historical revisionism===
Jiang has held contradictory positions in regards to historical revisionism. In 2002, Jiang stated that "''there is no proof Shangea conducted a genocide, or indeed any form of mass killing, in the 1930's in [[Senria]].''" However in 2007 following several comments by [[Yuan Xiannian]] over the genocide that were widely seen as denying its existence, Jiang stated "''whilst not supporting the idea that there was a policy of genocide - there wasn't - there were some instances of mass killing by rogue units under the command of [[Qiu Hanjie]]. We recognise these mass killings as a tragedy and will continue to recognise that fact''".  


Jiang's tenure is mainly remembered for large-scale economic reforms especially from 2005-2008 that continued the privatisation and liberalisation policies of the [[Economic Reorganising Programme]]. The high economic growth Jiang presided over has led to some to comment that under his stewardship Xiaodong significantly increased in wealth as well as seeing large-scale technological modernisation especially after the more national-security focused atmosphere of the 1990's. However he has been accused of overseeing massive corruption and after initial reforms through the Anti-Bureaucratic Movement largely maintained the same political structures of his predecessors. Recent critics have also stated that Jiang's government saw an expansion of the {{Wp|deep state}} which helped lead to [[Normalisation (Xiaodong)|Normalisation]].  
In 2013, Jiang called the [[Senrian Genocide]] "''an issue of history...historical acts of aggression by Senria will not impact current Shangean policy''".  
==Early life==
===Social welfare===
Jiang was born in the city of Heping the first son of Jiang Xingjian and Ma Ling in 1949. Jiang Xingjin was a veteran of the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]] prominent politician serving variously as Chief Minister of the Huyuan prefecture from 1934-1946, Minister of Development and Energy in the governments of [[Ma Renzhong]] and [[Chen Xuechang]] from 1946-1959 and as Minister of Defence and Military Planning from 1959-1965 in the government of [[Li Zhaozheng]]. His mother Ma Ling worked as the deputy editor for the ''East Sea Daily'', one of the propaganda outlets for the regime.  
Jiang has been a prominent proponent to a more balanced model of Shangean development, believing that Shangea as a nation must be "''as concerned for the social welfare of the Shangean people as economic growth''", stating social welfare entails "''a sense of nationhood and that Shangean people are an undivided people''". Jiang says however that social welfare must not disrupt entrepreneurship and the aspirational potential of the Shangean people.  
==Bureaucratic career==
==Personal life==
==Minister of Finance==
===Family===
==State Chairman==
Jiang has been married three times. He married his first wife, Xie Shaogong, in 1976 at the age of 20. Xie had been a childhood friend and together they had one child, a boy called Jiang Wancang who was born in 1978. However, the relationship did not last with Xie divorcing Jiang in 1984. In 1985 Jiang married Jiang Liewen, a colleague of his at the foreign ministry. The two had two children together, a boy named Jiang Chusheng and a girl named Jiang Mei, born in 1989 and 1992 respectively. Personal differences however meant in 1994 the relationship broke down with the two divorcing that year.  
==Imprisonment==
===Trial===
==Views==
Jiang is seen as a conservative politician in Xiaodong being supportive of {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|managed democracy}} and a foreign policy focused around the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. Political scientist Hu Guxiang identified him with the {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}}, anti-[[Senria|Senrian]] and pro-market wing of the Regeneration Society.  
===Democracy===
Jiang has supported the idea of a "''Xiaodongese approach to democracy''". According to Jiang, Xiaodongese democracy differs from {{wp|liberal democracy}} in that citizens have "''fundamental responsibilities to the state just as the state grants them fundamental rights.''" The concept of "Xiaodongese democracy" that Jiang promotes has also been promoted by former First Ministers [[Qian Xingwen]], [[Han Guanzheng]] and [[Yuan Xiannian]].  


In a speech made upon becoming State Chairman in 2005, Jiang explicitly ruled out the emergence of a western style democracy in Xiaodong, rejecting {{wp|constitutionalism|constitutional}} {{wp|republicanism}}, a {{wp|presidential system}} and {{wp|separation of powers}}. Instead, Jiang proposed an {{wp|Elected dictatorship|strong government that requires the approval of the people}} and approved the idea of a form of "{{wp|democratic centralism}}" as an efficient way of conducting Xiaodongese politics.
In 1994 shortly after his divorce he married Peng Xuehong, who had been his principal private secretary for a little over three years. Since marrying Deng Jiang has had three more children, two girls named Jiang Chen and Jiang Xun, and a boy named Jiang Junzhuo, who were born in 1996, 1998 and 2003 respectively. Jiang is said to pay a "''substantial amount''" of money to his former wives and other children.  
===Senrian Genocide===
Unlike other prominent Xiaodongese officials Jiang has not denied the deaths of many Senrians during the [[Senrian Genocide]]. Jiang stated in 2013 that the "''actions of units in the [[Imperial Authority of Senrian Territories|Senrian territories]] could be seen to constitute a form of {{wp|mass murder}}''" and that Xiaodong "''apologises profusely to the Senrian people''" over the actions of the 1930's. However, Jiang said that there was "''no policy of genocide''" and that the massacres were the brainchild of occupation authorities rather than the central government at the time. Jiang later clarified this statement by saying accusations of {{wp|ethnic cleansing}} were overexaggerated.
 
==Personal life==
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]]
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]]

Latest revision as of 00:08, 20 October 2023

Jiāng Zhōngyú
江钟余
Xi Jinping October 2015.jpg
Jiang in May 2008
Minister of International Relations
Assumed office
8th March 2022
PremierWen Kezhi
In office
30thMarch 2007 – 19th June 2014
PremierXi Yaotang
Preceded byQin Baoming
Succeeded byXu Bangguo
Premier of Shangea
In office
19th June 2014 – 8th March 2022
PresidentYuan Xiannian
DeputyJiang Shaohong
Yuan Qinqin
Preceded byXi Yaotang
Succeeded byWen Kezhi
Member of the State Presidium
Assumed office
30thMarch 2007
Personal details
Born (1956-04-27) April 27, 1956 (age 68)
Flag of Xiaodong.png Baiqiao, Shangea
Political partyConstitutional Protection Society
Society for Restoring Benevolence
SpousePeng Xuehong
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Baiqiao

Jiang Zhongyu (Shangean: 江钟余; fuhao: Jiāng Zhōngyú) is a Shangean politician who has been theInternational Relations Minister from March 2022 having previously served from 2007 to 2014. He was previously Premier of Shangea from 2014 to 2022 and Governor of the Nanqing province from 2000 to 2007.

Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's as a member of conservative Constitutional Protection Society. Jiang served as a career bureaucrat within the Shangean diplomatic service being Shangea's representative at the Community of Nations from 2002 to 2007. In 2007 he was appointed as Minister of International Relations under the government of Xi Yaotang. As International Relations Minister he became closely allied with the State Chairman Yuan Xiannian and played a core role in promoting shifts in Shangean foreign policy to a more assertive role in south Coius and relying on the International Forum for Developing States to project Shangean influence.

Following the 2014 Shangean elections premier Xi resigned due to poor results for the governing Society for Restoring Benevolence with Jiang being appointed his successor. In October 2016 Jiang was implicated in the Dianfu Banking Scandal which triggered the 2016-17 Shangean Protests. Jiang kept his post following the repression of the protests and became a key player in the enforcement of Normalisation. In 2022 he became International Relations Minister again being replaced as premier by Wen Keizi.

Jiang has been identified with the relatively hardline Yuan Xiannian throughout his career, combing economic modernisation with nationalism. Under his premiership during the Normalisation programme Jiang was seen as the unofficial leader of the government's "scientific clique" advocating an authoritarian technocracy. He has also been a strong advocate for south–south cooperation and has placed more emphasis on ties with developing countries through the International Forum for Developing States. Jiang has been described as "one of Shangea's foremost political operators" due to his "ruthless pragmatism, and has been identified as the Shangean regime's chief foreign policy operator.

Early life

Jiang Zhongyu was born in 1956 in the city of Baiqiao in a working class family of dock workers’, the first of four children. He grew up in the dock workers’ district in Baiqiao which was notable at the time for extreme poverty and disease. Jiang was able to get an adequate primary education before at the age of 12 being sent to be a runner at the docks, but nevertheless continued to attend school. He was able to pass selective exams at the age of 17 to enter higher education which enabled him to attend university albeit on a loan from the government.

Jiang attended the University of Baiqiao where he studied international relations. Whilst at the University of Baiqiao Jiang met his future wife Peng Xuehong. Jiang graduated from the University of Baiqiao in 1977 and subsequently went to work for the Shangean foreign ministry.

Early Career

Foreign Ministry first term

Premier

Foreign Ministry second term

Views

Jiang has been identified as being a moderate, being less authoritarian and anti-Senrian than his predecessor Yuan Xiannian. Jiang has called himself a pragmatist who is "only concerned with the welfare of Shangea and the Shangean people".

However some political commentators have accused Jiang of being a populist who has "shifted his views based on the situation". Shangean political scientist Hu Guxiang has stated "Jiang has few fixed principles. His ideological flexibility means he can convince nationalists, socialists and liberals that he is one their side. Hu stated however that his record generally points him as being in favour of centralising power within the regime whilst using propaganda as a tool for legitimisation rather then force.

Jiang has been called as the Shangean regime's chief ideologist and crucial in shaping Shangean politics into managed democracy.

Historical revisionism

Jiang has held contradictory positions in regards to historical revisionism. In 2002, Jiang stated that "there is no proof Shangea conducted a genocide, or indeed any form of mass killing, in the 1930's in Senria." However in 2007 following several comments by Yuan Xiannian over the genocide that were widely seen as denying its existence, Jiang stated "whilst not supporting the idea that there was a policy of genocide - there wasn't - there were some instances of mass killing by rogue units under the command of Qiu Hanjie. We recognise these mass killings as a tragedy and will continue to recognise that fact".

In 2013, Jiang called the Senrian Genocide "an issue of history...historical acts of aggression by Senria will not impact current Shangean policy".

Social welfare

Jiang has been a prominent proponent to a more balanced model of Shangean development, believing that Shangea as a nation must be "as concerned for the social welfare of the Shangean people as economic growth", stating social welfare entails "a sense of nationhood and that Shangean people are an undivided people". Jiang says however that social welfare must not disrupt entrepreneurship and the aspirational potential of the Shangean people.

Personal life

Family

Jiang has been married three times. He married his first wife, Xie Shaogong, in 1976 at the age of 20. Xie had been a childhood friend and together they had one child, a boy called Jiang Wancang who was born in 1978. However, the relationship did not last with Xie divorcing Jiang in 1984. In 1985 Jiang married Jiang Liewen, a colleague of his at the foreign ministry. The two had two children together, a boy named Jiang Chusheng and a girl named Jiang Mei, born in 1989 and 1992 respectively. Personal differences however meant in 1994 the relationship broke down with the two divorcing that year.

In 1994 shortly after his divorce he married Peng Xuehong, who had been his principal private secretary for a little over three years. Since marrying Deng Jiang has had three more children, two girls named Jiang Chen and Jiang Xun, and a boy named Jiang Junzhuo, who were born in 1996, 1998 and 2003 respectively. Jiang is said to pay a "substantial amount" of money to his former wives and other children.

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