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{{WIP}}
{{Infobox weapon
 
|is_missile=yes
{{infobox weapon
|name=YDG-64
| name               = YDG-64
|image=File:171015-N-N0901-002_(37493186630).jpg
| image             =  
|caption=YDG-64 launched from the forward Mk41 VLS block of the [[Chunchŏn-class frigate]] ''Juta''.
| caption           =  
|origin= [[Tír Glas]], [[Menghe]]
| origin             = {{flag|Menghe}}
|type=Medium-range {{wp|surface-to-air missile}}
| type               = {{wp|surface-to-air missile}}
|used_by=Menghe
<!-- Type selection -->
|manufacturer=Buksŏng Industries Group
| is_ranged          =  
|unit_cost= [[Menghean Won|₩]]26.8 million ($1.2 million OSD)
| is_bladed          =  
|propellant=
| is_explosive      =  
|production_date=2012-present
| is_artillery      =
|number=
| is_vehicle        =
|service=2012
| is_missile        = yes
|engine={{wp|solid propellant|solid fuel rocket}}
| is_UK              =  
|engine_power=
<!-- Service history -->
|weight=280 kg
| service           = 2009-present
|length=3.66 m
| used_by            = {{flag|Menghe}}
|height=
| wars              =
|diameter=255 mm
<!-- Production history -->
|wingspan=
| designer          = Chŏnggong design bureau
|speed= Mach 4+
| design_date        =
|vehicle_range= 55 km
| manufacturer      =
|ceiling=
| unit_cost          =
|altitude=
| production_date    = 2009-present
|filling=39 kg {{wp|blast-Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmentation}}
| number            =
|guidance={{wp|active radar homing}} with {{wp|mid-course update}} {{wp|datalink}}
| variants          =
|detonation={{wp|Proximity fuze}}
<!-- General specifications -->
|launch_platform=Naval:<br> * Mk 41 {{wp|Vertical launching system|VLS}}<br>Land:<br>* [[Changgung air defense system]]<br>* [[Chŏlgung air defense system]]
| spec_label        =  
| weight             = 320 kg
| length             = 3.72 m  
| part_length        =
| width              =
| height             =
| diameter           = 254 mm
| crew              =
| passengers        =
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          =
| cartridge_weight  =  
| caliber            =  
| barrels            =  
| action            =
| rate              =
| velocity          =
| range              =
| max_range          =
| feed              =
| sights            =
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech            =
| recoil            =  
| carriage          =
| elevation          =
| traverse          =
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->
| blade_type        =
| hilt_type          =
| sheath_type        =
| head_type          =
| haft_type          =
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
| filling            =
| filling_weight    =
| detonation         =
| yield              =
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour            =
| primary_armament    =
| secondary_armament  =
| engine            =
| engine_power      =
| pw_ratio          =
| transmission      =
| payload_capacity  =
| suspension        =
| clearance          =
| fuel_capacity      =
| vehicle_range      = 44km
| speed              = 1,440 m/s (Mach 4.2)
| guidance          = {{wp|Semi-active_radar_homing|SARH}}
| steering          = aerodynamic surfaces
<!-- Missiles only -->
| wingspan          =
| propellant        = solid fuel
| ceiling            =
| altitude          = 2 to 20,000 meters (claimed)
| depth              =
| boost              =
| accuracy          =
| launch_platform    = JYDG-64BGR<br/>GYDG-64BGR<br/>[[Insŏng-class destroyer]]<br/>[[Jŏngdŏk-class frigate]]
| transport          =
}}
}}


The '''YDG-64''' ([[Menghean language|Menghean]]: 유대공-64 ''Yudaegong-64'', abbr. for 유도탄, 대공 ''Yudotan, Daegong'' "Missile, Anti-Air") is a type of {{wp|surface-to-air missile}} developed in [[Menghe]] during the late 2000s. It first entered service in 2009. With a body diameter of 254 millimeters, it is very compact, and can be quadpacked into Menghean {{wp|Vertical_launching_system|VLS}} cells. In spite of this size, it also possesses an impressive maximum range of 44 kilometers.
The '''YDG-64''' ([[Menghean language|Menghean]]: 유대공-64 ''Yudaegong-64'', abbr. for 유도탄, 대공 ''Yudotan, Daegong'' "Missile, Anti-Air") is Menghe's designation for a license-produced variant of the [[Tír Glas|Glasic]] [[Sea Spear (Missile)|Sea Spear missile]]. Menghe obtained the production license in 2011, and the first Menghean missile was test-fired the following year. It can be fired from the {{wp|Mark 41 Vertical Launching System}} on Menghean warships, and it is also used by the [[Changgung air defense system|Changgung]] and [[Chŏlgung air defense system|Chŏlgung]] air defense systems.


==Development==
Though the missile body of the YDG-64 is derived from the Sea Spear I, its seeker and guidance system are derived from the YDG-7N, a surface-to-air variant of the [[YGG-7 Hwasal]] air-to-air missile. This gives the missile {{wp|active radar homing}} capability, compared with {{wp|semi-active radar homing}} on the Sea Spear I. This allows a surface launch position to vector the YDG-64 to a target using command guidance, with the YDG-64 autonomously acquiring the target in the terminal stage. Where necessary, the YDG-64 can also use a semi-active radar homing mode to home in on an illuminated target, improving accuracy in jamming-heavy environments.
During the early 2000s, representatives of the [[Menhgean Navy]] expressed interest in obtaining a production license for the RIM-162 surface-to-air missile, operated by naval forces of [[New Oyashima]]. Negotiations proceeded through 2003 and 2004, but came to a halt in 2005 after Menghe's support for Ummayah in the [[Ummayan Civil War]]. Concerned about a worsening of the two countries' relations, the Organized States blocked the sale, as it was the main developerof the RIM-162 missile.
 
Little was heard about the program until 2009, when the Menghean Navy tested a new surface-to-air missile system near Chŏlsŏng, later accepting it for service as the YDG-64. The Menghean government and the Chŏnggong design bureau maintain that the YDG-64 is an entirely indigenous design "drawing conceptual influences from the RIM-162," but the OS and Oyashimese governments have accused Menghe of copying the missile based on information obtained from a hacking operation in 2007.  


==Description==
==Description==
In all configurations, the YDG-64 missile uses {{wp|Semi-active_radar_homing|semi-active radar homing}} as its terminal guidance system, though in the approach to the target it relies on {{wp|Command_guidance|mid-course updates}} from the launch platform. It carries a 40-kilogram pre-fragmented warhead to destroy the target, which is armed by a proximity fuse.
In Glasic service, Sea Spear was derived from the [[Skybolt (missile)|Skybolt missile]], and was designed as a medium-range defensive weapon for warships. Menghe expressed interest in the system in the mid-2010s, and in 2011 the two countries reached a joint agreement under which the Buksŏng Industries Group would produce missiles under license in Menghe.


The missile itself can be recognized by long {{wp|Strake_(aeronautics)|strakes}} running along the fuselage, with four moving control surfaces at the rear. It steers using a {{wp|Skid-to-turn|skid-to-turn}} system. Compared to the OSN's RIM-162, it is slightly longer, but has a somewhat reduced range, apparently due to the use of heavier seeker components or a less efficient propellant. The seeker head itself is also wider, without the narrowed "shoulders" of the RIM-162.
Because the [[Menghean Navy]] already operated the YDG-7N surface-to-air missile with an active radar seeker, it was decided that Buksŏng would develop a variant of the YDG-64 equipped with an active radar homing seeker and guidance module; otherwise, the YDG-64 would be inferior to its predecessor in the number of possible simultaneous target intercepts. The seeker was directly carried over from that of the YDG-7N, but fitted in a larger-diameter nose cone to match the wider missile body. The YDG-7N's two-way datalink was also carried over, allowing the launch platform to issue continuous mid-course updates to the missile and receive targeting information from its seeker.
 
It reportedly has a maximum range of 44 kilometers and a maximum ceiling of 20 kilometers, slightly worse than the original RIM-162. Minimum altitude of target engagement is claimed as "2 meters or less" for the naval version, but is believed to be higher for land-launched missiles; both are unable to engage targets beyond obstacles or beyond the horizon. In both cases, minimum range is approximately 2 kilometers.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Approximate kill probabilities for possible targets (claimed)
! Target type
! Single-missile kill probability
! Two-missile kill probability
|-
| Non-maneuvering (transport) aircraft
| 95%
| 99.75%
|-
| Maneuverable aircraft
| 90%
| 99%
|-
| Subsonic cruise missiles
| 80%
| 96%
|-
| Tactical ballistic missiles
| 65%
| 88%
|-
| Supersonic cruise missiles
| 60%
| 84%
|-
| Stationary helicopters
| 40%
| 64%
|}


==Naval systems==
==Naval systems==
In naval service, the YDG-64 missile benefits from its compact size, which allows it to be quadpacked in the [[Menghean Navy]]'s {{wp|Vertical_launching_system|VLS}} cells. These cells are 700 mm per side, leaving 350mm per quadpacked box, including wall material. The "self-defense configuration" of VLS cells for the YDG-64 is 5.49 meters deep, though the cells themselves are 4.41 meters deep, with the remaining space used for hot-launch exhaust ducting.
The YDG-64 was originally procured as a self-defense weapon for warships, particularly the [[Yechŏn-class frigate]]s. It can be quadpacked into {{wp|Mark_41_Vertical_Launching_System|Mk 41 VLS canisters}}, increasing the number of missiles carried by a ship. It is also compatible with self-defense-length (4.32-meter) Mark 41 VLS cells, which appear on the [[Yechŏn-class frigate]] and other light vessels.
 
Owing to its moderate range, the naval YDG-64 is mainly used as a self-defense weapon for large and medium-size warships, and has only limited capabilities as an area-defense weapon for a {{wp|Carrier_battle_group|carrier battle group}}.


The naval YDG-64 is usually guided by the YR-35 radar guidance module. Each module is 1.98 meters tall and 1.25 meters wide, and can rotate over a 360-degree arc, though its field of view is usually limited by the ship's superstructure. The module contains an AESA radar antenna which is capable of guiding eight missiles toward four targets. The guidance module also features an electro-optical targeting system, which is unable to perform missile guidance but can provide course-correction information and improve the tracking of small-RCS targets.
Because the YDG-64 uses active radar guidance, there is no practical limit on the number of surface-to-air missiles which a ship can guide simultaneously, except for the guidance limit imposed by the ship's datalink system. This makes the YDG-64 ideal for self-defense against large numbers of anti-ship missiles. In a jamming-intensive environment, the YDG-64 can also home in on targets illuminated by a STIR 1.2, STIR 2.4, or CEAMOUNT radar antenna. This limits the number of simultaneous engagements, but increases accuracy in a jamming-intensive environment and increases the probability of acquiring a target with a small radar cross-section.


Against sea-skimming anti-ship missiles, the YDG-64 can be programmed to follow a top-attack trajectory, climbing above the surface of the water and then approaching the threat at a descending angle. This trajectory reduces the likelihood of false fuse detonation from contact with the ocean's surface, and allows the missile to engage sea-skimming missiles flying at altitudes of as little as two meters. It can also be fired against large, high-contrast surface targets, such as warships displacing some 100 tonnes or above, in an emergency situation where the launch warship does not have other anti-ship weapons at its disposal.
With a range of 55 kilometers (30 nautical miles), the YDG-64 is only able to provide a small defensive umbrella, making it less effective than the YDG-39, YDG-60, YDG-63, or YDG-68 in the long-range air defense role but generally effective at self-defense or defense of a nearby ship.


==Land systems==
==Land systems==
In the [[Menghean Army]], the YDG-64 is mainly used as a {{wp|Division_(military)|divisional}} air-defense weapon, or for the protection of high-value targets such as large unit headquarters. It complements the [[YDG-62]] at the {{wp|Corps|corps}} level. In addition to fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, the YDG-64 is also capable of engaging cruise missiles, guided bombs, and other large air-to-ground precision-guided munitions, which might otherwise be delivered from outside its effective range.
[[Image:Y64G1_20210616.png|300px|thumb|right|The TELAR and TEL of the Y64G1 surface-to-air missile system, also known as [[Chŏlgung air defense system|Chŏlgung-JR]].]]
 
While Menghe did not design the YDG-64 missile itself, it was the first country to see its potential as a land-based weapon. Before sea trials with the YDG-64 were complete, the [[Menghean Army]] had already tested quadpacked YDG-64 containers on the multi-purpose 50JB2 TELAR, and design work was underway on wheeled launchers.
===JYDG-64===
The most common launch system for the missile is the JYDG-64 (''Jayudaegong-64'', abbr. for 자주식 유도탄, 대공, "Self-propelled missile, anti-air"). The launch vehicle (JYDG-64BGR) is a tracked, armored {{wp|Transporter_erector_launcher|TELAR}} using the same chassis as the [[YDG-62#JYDG-62|JYDG-62]] and [[JJP-152/48]]. It has a crew of three, and is capable of autonomously detecting and engaging targets, though for maximum efficiency it is usually paired with an air-search radar at the battery level, with additional search radars at the battalion level.
 
Like the naval variant, it is capable of engaging four targets at once, but can direct as many as eight missiles (two per target), improving kill probability against small or maneuverable targets. It also shares an electro-optical targeting camera on the right cheek of the radar unit, to improve tracking capabilities in a high-jamming environment. It can be brought into action from a road march in as little as four minutes, and returned to a road march in the same amount of time. Once in a ready position, it has a reaction time of 8 seconds from target detection to missile launch.
 
Each TELAR carries a total of twelve YDG-64 missiles when fully loaded, fully four times the number carried by its divisional air defense predecessor, the JYDG-37BGR. This, too, reflects an interest in engaging precision-guided munitions as well as aircraft, thus increasing the number of targets that must be engaged. Missiles are transported in three containers of four missiles each, based on the quadpacked naval vertical launch system. The launcher fires missiles in such an order as to exhaust the missile boxes one by one; in between firings, empty missile boxes can be offloaded by a separate transloader vehicle and replaced with new units.
 
The main transloader vehicle, designated JYDG-64BJCh, shares the same tracked chassis but has a loading crane mounted in place of the radar. The crane is also fixed directly to the roof of the vehicle, while the rotating launch assembly is shortened to leave room. For further resistance to mass {{wp|Precision-guided_munition|PGM}} attacks, the transloader itself can also serve as a {{wp|Transporter_erector_launcher|TEL}}, firing missiles at targets illuminated by a nearby TELAR vehicle. Additional reloads are carried on 8x8 wheeled trucks, each with six four-missile launch cells, but with reduced off-road mobility and no on-board loading crane (the transloader's crane would be used instead).
 
In addition to standard VHF antennas, vehicles in a JYDG-64 battery are also equipped with microwave-band datalinks. Highly resistant to jamming, spoofing, and signal interception at the ranges at which enemy aircraft might be found, these antennas allow vehicles in a launch battery to share high-quality targeting information as long as they remain within line-of-sight of one another. These antennas can also relay information between vehicles, or via separate deployable relay stations, if the launch battery is dispersed in rough terrain. Among their supporting equipment, JYDG-64 batteries also include {{wp|Free-space_optical_communication|free-space optical}} laser communication devices and relays, which can be used to establish communications with the battalion command post and battalion-level radars when fighting in a prepared position.


A full launch battery consists of:
In the [[Menghean Army]], the YDG-64 is mainly used as a {{wp|Division_(military)|divisional}} air-defense weapon, or for the protection of high-value targets such as large unit headquarters. It complements the [[YDG-62]] at the {{wp|corps}} level. In addition to fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, the YDG-64 is also capable of engaging cruise missiles, guided bombs, short-range ballistic missiles, and other large air-to-ground precision-guided munitions.
* 1x JYDG-64JS (''Jungdae Salyŏngcha''), Company/battery command vehicle, Crew of six
* 3x JYDG-64BG (Balsagi/Radar), TELAR, Crew of three
* 3x JYDG-64BJCh (Balsagi/Jaejangjŏn-Cha), TEL and reload vehicle, Crew of three


with additional self-proelled search radars, maintenance trucks, and training facilities at the Battalion level.
In the tracked [[Chŏlgung air defense system]], the YDG-64 is launched by the 50JB TELAR and the 50UB TEL and transloader. The 50JB carries four missile canisters and a dual-purpose E/F-band radar which can both search for targets in a chosen 120-degree sector and illuminate four targets for eight missiles. The 50UB transloader is fitted with a crane instead of a radar array, and mainly exists to resupply TEL vehicles, but it can also elevate and fire missiles at targets illuminated by another radar in the battery. Both vehicles have a crew of four, and they use the same [[IMCh-J Koppulso]] tracked chassis, to streamline supply and maintenance.


===GYDG-64===
When used by the lighter [[Changgung air defense system]], the YDG-64 is launched from a dedicated TEL which relies on a separate radar vehicle for air search and guidance. The Changgung-type YDG-64 battery has fewer missiles per launch vehicle and fewer radars per battery, but it is also less expensive and faster on roads, making it a preferable option for rear-area air defense.
The GYDG-64 is a lighter launch system for the YDG-64 missile, with greater road speed and strategic mobility. All vehicles in a missile battery use the Taekchŏn T212 8x8 wheeled chassis. Missile loads are somewhat lighter, with two four-missile cells on each TELAR vehicle and on each transloader. Guidance and networking capability are otherwise identical between the two systems, and they use the same missile-transport trucks capable of carrying six reload cells each.


GYDG-64 batteries take somewhat longer to come in and out of action, as the individual vehicles must be propped up on hydraulic jacks to provide better stability. They also have less offroad mobility, especially on rough or muddy terrain. This makes the system preferable for defending rear-area targets, including large-unit headquarters, airbases, and cities. Menghe's Coastal Defense Forces also use this variant for divisional air defense, as they must cover a considerably wider area but benefit from Menghe's developed transportation infrastructure in coastal areas.
All Army launchers for the YDG-64 use the same modular storage system, consisting of a standard 4-meter self-defense-length VLS canister of the same type procured for the Navy. Two steel braces are added around the canister to allow them to mount onto the launch vehicle's arm; these also allow missile canisters to be stacked and attached to one another. As with the naval VLS canisters, the YDG-64 is quadpacked, meaning that one 50UB transloader with eight canisters carries as many as 32 YDG-64 missiles.


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 17:51, 16 June 2021

YDG-64
171015-N-N0901-002 (37493186630).jpg
YDG-64 launched from the forward Mk41 VLS block of the Chunchŏn-class frigate Juta.
TypeMedium-range surface-to-air missile
Place of originTír Glas, Menghe
Service history
In service2012
Used byMenghe
Production history
ManufacturerBuksŏng Industries Group
Unit cost₩26.8 million ($1.2 million OSD)
Produced2012-present
Specifications
Weight280 kg
Length3.66 m
Diameter255 mm
Warhead39 kg fragmentation
Detonation
mechanism
Proximity fuze
Enginesolid fuel rocket
Operational
range
55 km
SpeedMach 4+
Guidance
system
active radar homing with mid-course update datalink
Launch
platform
Naval:
* Mk 41 VLS
Land:
* Changgung air defense system
* Chŏlgung air defense system

The YDG-64 (Menghean: 유대공-64 Yudaegong-64, abbr. for 유도탄, 대공 Yudotan, Daegong "Missile, Anti-Air") is Menghe's designation for a license-produced variant of the Glasic Sea Spear missile. Menghe obtained the production license in 2011, and the first Menghean missile was test-fired the following year. It can be fired from the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System on Menghean warships, and it is also used by the Changgung and Chŏlgung air defense systems.

Though the missile body of the YDG-64 is derived from the Sea Spear I, its seeker and guidance system are derived from the YDG-7N, a surface-to-air variant of the YGG-7 Hwasal air-to-air missile. This gives the missile active radar homing capability, compared with semi-active radar homing on the Sea Spear I. This allows a surface launch position to vector the YDG-64 to a target using command guidance, with the YDG-64 autonomously acquiring the target in the terminal stage. Where necessary, the YDG-64 can also use a semi-active radar homing mode to home in on an illuminated target, improving accuracy in jamming-heavy environments.

Description

In Glasic service, Sea Spear was derived from the Skybolt missile, and was designed as a medium-range defensive weapon for warships. Menghe expressed interest in the system in the mid-2010s, and in 2011 the two countries reached a joint agreement under which the Buksŏng Industries Group would produce missiles under license in Menghe.

Because the Menghean Navy already operated the YDG-7N surface-to-air missile with an active radar seeker, it was decided that Buksŏng would develop a variant of the YDG-64 equipped with an active radar homing seeker and guidance module; otherwise, the YDG-64 would be inferior to its predecessor in the number of possible simultaneous target intercepts. The seeker was directly carried over from that of the YDG-7N, but fitted in a larger-diameter nose cone to match the wider missile body. The YDG-7N's two-way datalink was also carried over, allowing the launch platform to issue continuous mid-course updates to the missile and receive targeting information from its seeker.

Naval systems

The YDG-64 was originally procured as a self-defense weapon for warships, particularly the Yechŏn-class frigates. It can be quadpacked into Mk 41 VLS canisters, increasing the number of missiles carried by a ship. It is also compatible with self-defense-length (4.32-meter) Mark 41 VLS cells, which appear on the Yechŏn-class frigate and other light vessels.

Because the YDG-64 uses active radar guidance, there is no practical limit on the number of surface-to-air missiles which a ship can guide simultaneously, except for the guidance limit imposed by the ship's datalink system. This makes the YDG-64 ideal for self-defense against large numbers of anti-ship missiles. In a jamming-intensive environment, the YDG-64 can also home in on targets illuminated by a STIR 1.2, STIR 2.4, or CEAMOUNT radar antenna. This limits the number of simultaneous engagements, but increases accuracy in a jamming-intensive environment and increases the probability of acquiring a target with a small radar cross-section.

With a range of 55 kilometers (30 nautical miles), the YDG-64 is only able to provide a small defensive umbrella, making it less effective than the YDG-39, YDG-60, YDG-63, or YDG-68 in the long-range air defense role but generally effective at self-defense or defense of a nearby ship.

Land systems

The TELAR and TEL of the Y64G1 surface-to-air missile system, also known as Chŏlgung-JR.

While Menghe did not design the YDG-64 missile itself, it was the first country to see its potential as a land-based weapon. Before sea trials with the YDG-64 were complete, the Menghean Army had already tested quadpacked YDG-64 containers on the multi-purpose 50JB2 TELAR, and design work was underway on wheeled launchers.

In the Menghean Army, the YDG-64 is mainly used as a divisional air-defense weapon, or for the protection of high-value targets such as large unit headquarters. It complements the YDG-62 at the corps level. In addition to fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, the YDG-64 is also capable of engaging cruise missiles, guided bombs, short-range ballistic missiles, and other large air-to-ground precision-guided munitions.

In the tracked Chŏlgung air defense system, the YDG-64 is launched by the 50JB TELAR and the 50UB TEL and transloader. The 50JB carries four missile canisters and a dual-purpose E/F-band radar which can both search for targets in a chosen 120-degree sector and illuminate four targets for eight missiles. The 50UB transloader is fitted with a crane instead of a radar array, and mainly exists to resupply TEL vehicles, but it can also elevate and fire missiles at targets illuminated by another radar in the battery. Both vehicles have a crew of four, and they use the same IMCh-J Koppulso tracked chassis, to streamline supply and maintenance.

When used by the lighter Changgung air defense system, the YDG-64 is launched from a dedicated TEL which relies on a separate radar vehicle for air search and guidance. The Changgung-type YDG-64 battery has fewer missiles per launch vehicle and fewer radars per battery, but it is also less expensive and faster on roads, making it a preferable option for rear-area air defense.

All Army launchers for the YDG-64 use the same modular storage system, consisting of a standard 4-meter self-defense-length VLS canister of the same type procured for the Navy. Two steel braces are added around the canister to allow them to mount onto the launch vehicle's arm; these also allow missile canisters to be stacked and attached to one another. As with the naval VLS canisters, the YDG-64 is quadpacked, meaning that one 50UB transloader with eight canisters carries as many as 32 YDG-64 missiles.

See also

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