President of Besmenia: Difference between revisions

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| post                    = President  
| post                    = President  
| body                    = Federal Republic of Besmenia  
| body                    = Federal Republic of Besmenia  
| native_name              = ''Präsident der Bundesrepublik Besmenien''  
| native_name              = ''Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Besmenien''  
| insignia                =  
| insignia                = File:Logo of Besmenian president.png
| insigniasize            =  
| insigniasize            = 155px
| insigniacaption          =  
| insigniacaption          = Logo of the President
| flag                    =  
| flag                    = File:Besmenian president standard.png
| flagsize                =  
| flagsize                = 120px
| flagborder              =  
| flagborder              =  
| flagcaption              =  
| flagcaption              = Standard of the President
| image                    = Sebastian Bergmann.jpg
| image                    = File:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg
| imagesize                = 188px
| imagesize                = 188px
| alt                      =  
| alt                      =  
| incumbent                = [[Sebastian Bergmann]]
| incumbent                = [[Erika Badt-Springer]]
| acting                  =  
| acting                  =  
| incumbentsince          = April 20, 2015
| incumbentsince          = 1 April 2024
| department              =  
| department              =  
| style                    =  
| style                    =  
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| member_of                =  
| member_of                =  
| reports_to              =  
| reports_to              =  
| residence                = [[Heraldsteinschloss]], [[Laitstadt]]
| residence                = [[Traisenbach Castle]], [[Laitstadt]]
| seat                    = Heraldsteinschloss
| seat                    =  
| nominator                = Political partys or self-nomination
| nominator                = Political partys or self-nomination
| appointer                = {{wp|Direct popular vote}}
| appointer                = {{wp|Direct popular vote}}
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| constituting_instrument  =  
| constituting_instrument  =  
| precursor                =  
| precursor                =  
| formation                = July 2, 1920
| formation                = 2 July 1920
| first                    =  
| first                    =  
| last                    =  
| last                    =  
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| succession              =  
| succession              =  
| unofficial_names        =  
| unofficial_names        =  
| deputy                  = [[Vice President of Besmenia]]
| deputy                  = [[President of the Federal Chamber]]
| salary                  = 355,500 [[Besmenian Spero|Spero]] annually
| salary                  = [[Besmenian schilling|BS]] 300,000 annually
| website                  =  
| website                  =  
}}
}}
The President of Besmenia (Besmenian: ''Präsident von Besmenien'') is the head of state of the Federal Republic of [[Besmenia]].
The '''president of Besmenia''', officially the '''Federal President of the Federal Republic of Besmenia''' (Besmenian: ''Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Besmenien''), is the head of state of [[Besmenia]] and commander-in-chief of the [[Besmenian Federal Army]]. According to the [[Basic Law of Besmenia|Basic Law]], the president is the highest representative of the state. In practice the president is mostly a ceremonial and symbolic figurehead.
==List of Besmenian Presidents==
 
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
The Federal President is elected by the people every six years and may only be re-elected once and remain in office continuously for a total of twelve years.
 
==History==
===Before 1920===
The government of the short-lived [[Confederation of East Besmenian States]], consisting of the BDP, SDU and BKP, as well as the [[Provisional Federal Assembly (Besmenia)|provisional Federal Assembly]], agreed when the KBS was founded in 1918 that the president of the provisional federal assembly would also serve as head of state. Between 1918 and 1920 [[Gustav Scharping]] was President of the Federal Assembly and was also the head of state of the Confederation.
 
After the end of the [[Besmenian civil war]], the BDP and BKP strove for a head of state with a special position of power. The SDU sought to retain the President of Parliament as head of state. As a compromise, after the founding of the [[East Besmenia]]n Federal Republic on July 2, 1920, the president was created as a separate state body, but his powers were only very weak, which meant he had mostly ceremonial tasks.
===1920-1941===
===Since 1941===
 
==Requirements==
To become a presidential candidate, three prerequisites must be met:
*The presidential candidate must be at least 36 years old.
*The presidential candidate must be born in Besmenia.
*The presidential candidate must have lived in Besmenia continuously for at least 10 years.
 
A presidential candidate also needs 5,500 signatures to participate in the presidential election. While in office the president cannot belong to an elected body or hold any other political position.
 
==Election==
The term of office is about 6 years. A one-time re-election is possible. Until 1935 the president was elected by the [[Federal Assembly (Besmenia)|Federal Assembly]], which is composed of the members of the Federal Chamber and the [[Federal Senate (Besmenia)|Federal Senate]]. [[Hugo Dautzenberg]] was the first president to be directly elected by the people in the [[1941 East Besmenian presidential election]].
 
Until 1939 there was no limitation in office, which means that any candidate could serve as president for more than 12 years. In 1939, under [[Premier of Besmenia|Premier]] [[Heinz Dimmler]] and his government cabinet, multiple re-elections were abolished and limited to one.
 
===Past presidential elections===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election !! Date !! Ballots !! Winner !!Electoral votes <br /> (percentage) !! Runner-up !!Electoral votes <br /> (percentage)
|-
| [[1920 East Besmenian presidential election|1920]] || 30 September 1920 || 1 || [[Hermann Köster]] (Independent) || 75,3% || [[Hans Gussmann]] (BNVP) || 10,7%
|-
| [[1926 East Besmenian presidential election|1926]] || 29 August 1926 || 1 || Hermann Köster (Independent) || 69,3% || [[Bernhard Bruning]] (KPB) || 21%
|-
| [[1929 East Besmenian presidential election|1929]] || 5 May 1929 || 1 || [[Siegfried Saalmann]] (BKP) || 51,8% || [[Herbert Frenkel]] (SDU) || 48,2%
|-
| [[1935 East Besmenian presidential election|1935]] || 5 May 1935 ||2 || [[Heinrich Friedensberg]] (BVP) || 60,5% || [[Gustav Weinfink]] (SDU) || 39,5%
|-
| [[1941 East Besmenian presidential election|1941]] || 4 May 1941<br/>18 May 1941 || 2 || [[Hugo Dautzenberg]] (SDU) || 67,9% || [[Siegfried Radler]] (Independent) || 32,1%
|-
| [[1947 East Besmenian presidential election|1947]] || 4 May 1947 || 1 || Hugo Dautzenberg (SDU) || 50,9% || [[Gustav Böcker]] (BVP) || 39,4%
|-
| [[1951 East Besmenian presidential election|1951]] || 29 April 1951 || 1 || [[Wilhelm Ganswindt]] (BVP) || 60,2% || [[Jürgen Waldmacher]] (FBBP) || 29%
|-
| [[1957 East Besmenian presidential election|1957]] || 28 April 1957 || 1 || Wilhelm Ganswindt (BVP) || 58% || [[Oskar Stein]] (SDU) || 30,3%
|-
| [[1963 East Besmenian presidential election|1963]] || 28 April 1963<br/>12 May 1963 || 2 || [[Thomas Albrecht]] (SDU) || 54,7% || [[Franz Kramwald]] (BVP) || 45,3%
|-
| [[1969 Besmenian presidential election|1969]] || 27 April 1969 || 1 || Thomas Albrecht (SDU) || 60,2% || [[Alois Huthmacher]] (BRP) || 32,1%
|-
| [[1973 Besmenian presidential election|1973]] || 25 March 1973 ||1 || [[Erwin Pohl]] (Independent) ||56,3% || [[Kurt Weimer]] (BVP) || 31%
|-
| [[1979 Besmenian presidential election|1979]] || 25 February 1979 ||1 || Erwin Pohl (Independent) || 74,8% || [[Werner Kaltmann]] (BVP) || 15,2%
|-
| [[1985 Besmenian presidential election|1985]] || 24 February 1985<br/>10 March 1985 ||2 || [[Otto Schulz]] (FBBP) || 60,5% || [[Manfred von Henning]] (BRP) || 39,5%
|-
| [[1991 Besmenian presidential election|1991]] || 24 February 1991 ||1 || Otto Schulz (FBBP) || 63,4% || [[Josef Müller]] (Independent) || 33,8%
|-
| [[1997 Besmenian presidential election|1997]] || 23 February 1997<br/>9 March 1997 || 2 || [[Gerhard Mahler]] (SDU) || 52,1% || [[Ursula Kummstein]] (FBBP) || 47,9%
|-
| [[2003 Besmenian presidential election|2003]] || 23 February 2003 ||1 || [[Hans Kiesinger]] (BVP) || 53,8% || [[Peter Treudler]] (NBP) || 25,1%
|-
| [[2009 Besmenian presidential election|2009]] || 22 February 2009 ||1 || Hans Kiesinger (BVP) || 56,3% || [[Doris Klammer-Brunt]] (SDU) || 31,8%
|-
| [[2015 Besmenian presidential election|2015]] || 22 February 2015 ||1 || [[Sebastian Bergmann]] (GPB) || 57,7% || [[Regina Vogel]] (FBBP) || 21,5%
|-
| [[2021 Besmenian presidential election|2021]] || 28 February 2021<br/> 14 March 2021 || 2 || [[Vincent von Schilling]] (BVP)|| 52,9 % || Sebastian Bergmann (GPB)|| 46,9 %
|-
| [[2024 Besmenian presidential election|2024]] || 10 March 2024<br/>24 March 2024|| 2|| [[Erika Badt-Springer]] (FBBP)|| 51,8% || [[Jens Schechter]] (NBP) || 48,2%
|}
 
==Succession==
[[File:Kalveram, Esther (SPD-Fraktion Hessen, Christof Mattes) (cropped).jpg|175px|thumb|right|[[Barbara Schröder]], current President of the Federal Chamber, and at the same time deputy to the Besmenian president.]]
The Besmenian [[Basic Law of Besmenia|Basic Law]] makes no provisions for an office of vice president. The official deputy to the Besmenian president is the [[President of the Federal Chamber]]. If the Federal President resigns or dies during his term of office, the President of the Federal Chamber assumes the duties of the Besmenian president on an acting basis until a new Federal President is sworn in. During this time, a new Federal President must be elected.
 
==Oath==
When taking office, the president must recite the following oath:<br/>''"I, (name) swear that I will devote my energies to the welfare of the Besmenian people, uphold the Basic Law and the laws of the Federal Republic of Besmenia, conscientiously fulfill my duties and do justice to everyone."''
 
==Tasks and powers==
In his function as head of state, the Federal President has, among other things, the following tasks and powers:
*He represents Besmenia under international law.
*He is the commander-in-chief of the [[Besmenian Federal Army]].
*He certifies diplomatic representatives.
*He has the right of pardon at the federal level
*He executes federal laws with his signature and has them promulgated by publication in the Federal Law Gazette.
*He appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister.
*He appoints and dismisses federal ministers at the suggestion of the Prime Minister.
*He appoints and dismisses federal judges, federal officials, officers and non-commissioned officers, except as otherwise provided by orders and orders.
*After a failed vote of confidence, he has the decision to dissolve the Federal Chamber.
*He announces that the state of defense has been established and has occurred, and he makes declarations under international law when an attack occurs
*He convenes the Federal Chamber
*He initiates acts of state for important reasons and arranges state symbols.
*He approves the rules of procedure of the federal government.
==Official residences==
{{Multiple image
|perrow  = 1
|header  = Presidential residences
|image1  = Traisenbach Castle.png
|image2  = Mürzsteg - Jagdschloss bzw. Präsidentenvilla (2).JPG
|caption1 = [[Traisenbach Castle]], the official place of residence of the president
|caption2 = [[Schallenberg Hunting Lodge]], used by the president as a country retreat.
}}
Since the creation of the office, the president has had his official residence in [[Traisenbach Castle]] in Laitstadt. The castle serves as a place of work and residence for the president. The [[Presidential Chancellery (Besmenia)|Presidential Chancellery]], which supports the president in his duties, is also based in Traisenbach Castle.
 
The [[Schallenberg Hunting Lodge]], which is located in the southwest of Metakumburg, has been the official country residence of the Besmenian president since 1955. The Schallenberg Hunting Lodge was privately owned by various noble families for centuries, most recently by the House of Heraldstein. After the founding of the Federal Republic of East Besmenia in 1920, the hunting lodge became the property of the federal government. A museum dedicated to the [[Besmenian Civil War]] was set up in the official rooms. The remaining rooms were rented out to summer guests. Since 1955 it has served as a country residence for each of the incumbent Besmenian presidents.
==Spouse of the President==
{{Main article|First Lady of Besmenia}}
The wives of the Federal Presidents enjoy a special social reputation even without a formal office. State ceremonies often provide for the president to appear with his wife on special occasions. Political neutrality and restraint are expected from them. The majority of the wives of the Federal Presidents did not pursue a profession at the time of their election or afterwards.
 
==Travel and transportation==
<center><gallery>
File: BesPreCar.png|
File: BesPrePla.png|
</gallery></center>
==List of Besmenian presidents==
{| class= "wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! width=5% colspan="2"| Portrait
! width=5% colspan="2"| Portrait
Line 53: Line 166:
! width=12%|Election
! width=12%|Election
|-
|-
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |<span style="color:#000000"> 1 </span>
| [[File:Helmut Ritter.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Robert_Primavesi_(1854-1926).jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Helmut Ritter]]'''<br/><small>(1852–1931)</small>
| <br>'''[[Hermann Köster]]'''<br/><small>(1855–1929)</small>
| 2 July<br />1920
| 30 September <br />1920
| 11 January <br /> 1931 †
| 9 March <br /> 1929 †
| <small>{{age in years and days|2 July 1920|11 January 1931}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|30 September 1920|9 March 1929}}</small>
| Independent
| Independent
| [[1920]]<br />[[1926]]
| [[1920 East Besmenian presidential election|1920]]<br />[[1926 East Besmenian presidential election|1926]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FF0000;" |
|- style="background:#f9e3be"
| [[File:Wolfgang Stück.jpg|75px]]
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> - </span>
| <br>'''[[Wolfgang Stück]]'''<br/><small>(1868–1950)</small><br/> ''Acting President''
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2007-0327-500, Freiherr Werner von Rheinbaben.jpg|75px]]
| 11 January <br />1931
| <br>'''[[Wolfgang Stück]]'''<br/><small>(1876–1957)</small><br/>''Acting''
| 2 March <br /> 1931
| 9 March <br />1929
| <small>{{age in years and days|11 January 1931|2 March 1931}}</small>
| 10 June <br /> 1929
| [[Social Democratic Union]]
| <small>{{age in years and days|9 March 1929|10 June 1929}}</small>
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]  
| -
| -
|-
|-
! style="background:#778899;" |
! style="background:#778899;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 2 </span>
| [[File:Hans Saalmann.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:OttoEnder1929.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Hans Saalmann]]'''<br/><small>(1873–1962)</small>
| <br>'''[[Siegfried Saalmann]]'''<br/><small>(1876–1960)</small>
| 2 March <br />1931
| 10 June <br />1929
| 5 April <br /> 1937
| 10 June <br /> 1935
| <small>{{age in years and days|2 March 1931|5 April 1937}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|10 June 1929|10 June 1935}}</small>
| [[Besmenian Conservative Party]]  
| [[Besmenian Conservative Party]]  
| [[1931]]
| [[1929 East Besmenian presidential election|1929]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 3 </span>
| [[File:Georg Heimmann.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Joseph Joos JS.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Georg Heimmann]]'''<br/><small>(1878–1976)</small>
| <br>'''[[Heinrich Friedensberg]]'''<br/><small>(1878–1974)</small>
| 5 April <br />1937
| 10 June <br />1935
| 12 April <br /> 1943
| 10 June <br /> 1941
| <small>{{age in years and days|5 April 1937|12 April 1943}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|10 June 1935|10 June 1941}}</small>
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[1937]]
| [[1935 East Besmenian presidential election|1935]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FF0000;" |
! style="background:#FF0000;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 4 </span>
| [[File:Karsten Herzog.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Fotothek df pk 0000247 046 Ottomar Geschke spricht.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Karsten Herzog]]'''<br/><small>(1890–1957)</small>
| <br>'''[[Hugo Dautzenberg]]'''<br/><small>(1882–1959)</small>
| 12 April <br />1943
| 10 June <br />1941
| 11 April <br /> 1949
| 1 March <br /> 1951
| <small>{{age in years and days|12 April 1943|11 April 1949}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|10 June 1941|1 March 1951}}</small>
| [[Social Democratic Union]]
| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]
| [[1943]]
| [[1941 East Besmenian presidential election|1941]]<br />[[1947 East Besmenian presidential election|1947]]
|-
|- style="background:#f9e3be"
! style="background:#CCCC00;" |<span style="color:#000000"> - </span>
| [[File:Rudolf Amelunxen - Ausschnitt aus Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F001946-0009, Berlin, Bundesversammlung wählt Bundespräsident.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Bruno Wagner]]'''<br/><small>(1888–1974)</small><br/>''Acting''
| 1 March <br />1951
| 1 June <br /> 1951
| <small>{{age in years and days|1 March 1951|1 June 1951}}</small>
| [[Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia]]
| -
|-
|-
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 5 </span>
| [[File:Peter Schneider.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2007-0100, Ernst Lemmer.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Peter Schneider]]'''<br/><small>(1896–1979)</small>
| <br>'''[[Wilhelm Ganswindt]]'''<br/><small>(1896–1971)</small>
| 11 April <br />1949
| 1 June <br />1951
| 11 April <br /> 1955
| 1 June <br /> 1963
| <small>{{age in years and days|11 April 1949|11 April 1955}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|1 June 1951|1 June 1963}}</small>
| Independent
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[1949]]
| [[1951 East Besmenian presidential election|1951]]<br/>[[1957 East Besmenian presidential election|1957]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FF0000;" |
! style="background:#FF0000;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 6 </span>
| [[File:Oskar Stein.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J1231-1002-002 Walter Ulbricht, Neujahrsansprache.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Oskar Stein]]'''<br/><small>(1901–1994)</small>
| <br>'''[[Thomas Albrecht]]'''<br/><small>(1892–1973)</small>
| 11 April <br />1955
| 1 June <br />1963
| 17 April <br /> 1961
| 17 January <br /> 1973 †
| <small>{{age in years and days|11 April 1955|17 April 1961}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|1 June 1963|17 January 1973}}</small>
| [[Social Democratic Union]]
| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]
| [[1955]]
| [[1963 East Besmenian presidential election|1963]]<br />[[1969 Besmenian presidential election|1969]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |
|- style="background:#f9e3be"
| [[File:Thomas Albrecht.jpg|75px]]
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> - </span>
| <br>'''[[Thomas Albrecht]]'''<br/><small>(1904–1985)</small>
| [[File:WL 1978 MdL edited.jpg|75px]]
| 17 April <br />1961
| <br>'''[[Franz Missmahl]]'''<br/><small>(1922–2011)</small><br/>''Acting''
| 16 April <br /> 1973
| 17 January <br />1973
| <small>{{age in years and days|17 April 1961|16 April 1973}}</small>
| 5 April <br /> 1973
| <small>{{age in years and days|17 January 1973|5 April 1973}}</small>
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[1961]]<br />[[1967]]
| -
|-
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 7 </span>
| [[File:Erwin Pohlnew.png|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Erwin Pohl]]'''<br/><small>(1912–1992)</small>
| 5 April <br />1973
| 5 April <br /> 1985
| <small>{{age in years and days|5 April 1973|5 April 1985}}</small>
| Independent
| [[1973 Besmenian presidential election|1973]]<br/>[[1979 Besmenian presidential election|1979]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FFFF00;" |
! style="background:#FFFF00;" |<span style="color:#000000"> 8 </span>
| [[File:Erwin Pohl.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Otto Schulznew.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Erwin Pohl]]'''<br/><small>(1912–2001)</small>
| <br>'''[[Otto Schulz]]'''<br/><small>(1932-2022)</small>
| 16 April <br />1973
| 5 April <br />1985
| 16 April <br /> 1979
| 5 April <br /> 1997
| <small>{{age in years and days|16 April 1973|16 April 1979}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|5 April 1985|5 April 1997}}</small>
| [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]
| [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]
| [[1973]]
| [[1985 Besmenian presidential election|1985]]<br />[[1991 Besmenian presidential election|1991]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
! style="background:#FF0000;" |<span style="color:#ffffff"> 9 </span>
| [[File:Tom Freiberger2.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Thomas Klestil 1.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Tom Freiberger]]'''<br/><small>(1922–2017)</small>
| <br>'''[[Gerhard Mahler]]'''<br/><small>(1933-2013)</small>
| 16 April <br />1979
| 5 April <br />1997
| 15 April <br /> 1985
| 5 April <br /> 2003
| <small>{{age in years and days|16 April 1979|15 April 1985}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|5 April 1997|5 April 2003}}</small>
| Independent
| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]
| [[1979]]
| [[1997 Besmenian presidential election|1997]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 10 </span>
| [[File:Otto Schulz.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:Gerhard Schröder (cropped).jpg |75px]]
| <br>'''[[Otto Schulz]]'''<br/><small>(1937-)</small>
| <br>'''[[Hans Kiesinger]]'''<br/><small>(1945-)</small>
| 15 April <br />1985
| 5 April <br /> 2003
| 14 April <br /> 1997
| 5 April <br /> 2015
| <small>{{age in years and days|15 April 1985|14 April 1997}}</small>
| <small>{{age in years and days|5 April 2003|5 April 2015}}</small>
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[1985]]<br />[[1991]]
| [[2003 Besmenian presidential election|2003]]<br />[[2009 Besmenian presidential election|2009]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#D3D3D3;" |
! style="background:#32CD32;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 11 </span>
| [[File:Dieter Schuster.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:2018-06-09 Bundesparteitag Die Linke 2018 in Leipzig by Sandro Halank–108.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Dieter Schuster]]'''<br/><small>(1954-)</small>
| <br>'''[[Sebastian Bergmann]]'''<br/><small>(1949-)</small>  
| 14 April <br />1997
| 5 April <br />2015
| 14 April <br /> 2003
| 5 April <br />2021
| <small>{{age in years and days|14 April 1997|14 April 2003}}</small>
|<small>{{age in years and days|5 April 2015|5 April 2021}}</small>
| Independent
| [[Green Party of Besmenia]]
| [[1997]]
| [[2015 Besmenian presidential election|2015]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#FFFF00;" |
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" | <span style="color:#FFFFFF"> 12 </span>
| [[File:Markus Kiesinger.jpg|75px]]
| [[File:PresidentVincent von Schilling2022.jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Markus Kiesinger]]'''<br/><small>(1949-)</small>
| <br>'''[[Vincent von Schilling]]'''<br/><small>(1972-)</small>
| 14 April <br /> 2003
| 5 April <br />2021
| 20 April <br /> 2015
| 11 January <br />2024
| <small>{{age in years and days|14 April 2003|20 April 2015}}</small>
|<small>{{age in years and days|5 April 2021|11 January 2024}}</small>
| [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| [[2003]]<br />[[2009]]
| [[2021 Besmenian presidential election|2021]]
|-
|-
! style="background:#32CD32;" |
|- style="background:#f9e3be"
| [[File:Sebastian Bergmann.jpg|75px]]
! style="background:#0F0FFF;" |<span style="color:#FFFFFF"> - </span>
| <br>'''[[Sebastian Bergmann]]'''<br/><small>(1958-)</small>  
| [[File:Kalveram, Esther (SPD-Fraktion Hessen, Christof Mattes) (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| 20 April <br />2015
| <br>'''[[Barbara Schröder]]'''<br/><small>(1966)</small><br/>''Acting''
| Incumbent
| 11 January <br />2024
|<small>{{age in years and days|2015|4|20}}</small>
| 1 April <br />2024
| [[Green Party of Besmenia]]
| <small>{{age in years and days|11 January 2024|1 April 2024}}</small>
| [[2015]]
| [[Besmenian People's Party]]
| -
|-
|-
! style="background:#FFFF00;" | <span style="color:#000000"> 13 </span>
| [[File:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg|75px]]
| <br>'''[[Erika Badt-Springer]]'''<br/><small>(1964-)</small>
| 1 April <br />2024
| Incumbent
|<small>{{age in years and days|2024|4|1}}</small>
| [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]
| [[2024 Besmenian presidential election|2024]]
|}
|}


 
==Living former presidents of Besmenia==
As of July 2022, there are 2 living former presidents: 
<gallery class="center">
</gallery>
{{Gallery
|title=
|width=150
|height=200
|align=center
|File: Gerhard Schröder (cropped).jpg |[[Hans Kiesinger]] (age {{age|1945|6|2}})<br />(2003–2015)
|File: 2018-06-09 Bundesparteitag Die Linke 2018 in Leipzig by Sandro Halank–108.jpg|[[Sebastian Bergmann]] (age {{age|1949|2|27}})<br />(2015-2021)
|File: PresidentVincent von Schilling2022.jpg|[[Vincent von Schilling]] (age {{age|1972|3|18}})<br />(2021–2024)
}}
==Trivia==
* No former Besmenian president was alive between 1976-1985 and 1992-1997.
* Otto Schulz was the only living Besmenian president twice, first from 1997 to 2003 and then again from 2013 to 2015.
* The oldest Besmenian president when he took office was Thomas Albrecht at 70, the youngest was Vincent von Schilling at 49.
[[Category: Besmenia]]
[[Category: Besmenia]]
[[Category: Tom Teufel]]

Latest revision as of 17:50, 28 November 2024

President of Federal Republic of Besmenia
Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Besmenien
Logo of Besmenian president.png
Logo of the President
Besmenian president standard.png
Standard of the President
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Erika Badt-Springer
since 1 April 2024
TypeHead of State
ResidenceTraisenbach Castle, Laitstadt
NominatorPolitical partys or self-nomination
AppointerDirect popular vote
Term length6 years, renewable once
Formation2 July 1920
DeputyPresident of the Federal Chamber
SalaryBS 300,000 annually

The president of Besmenia, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Besmenia (Besmenian: Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Besmenien), is the head of state of Besmenia and commander-in-chief of the Besmenian Federal Army. According to the Basic Law, the president is the highest representative of the state. In practice the president is mostly a ceremonial and symbolic figurehead.

The Federal President is elected by the people every six years and may only be re-elected once and remain in office continuously for a total of twelve years.

History

Before 1920

The government of the short-lived Confederation of East Besmenian States, consisting of the BDP, SDU and BKP, as well as the provisional Federal Assembly, agreed when the KBS was founded in 1918 that the president of the provisional federal assembly would also serve as head of state. Between 1918 and 1920 Gustav Scharping was President of the Federal Assembly and was also the head of state of the Confederation.

After the end of the Besmenian civil war, the BDP and BKP strove for a head of state with a special position of power. The SDU sought to retain the President of Parliament as head of state. As a compromise, after the founding of the East Besmenian Federal Republic on July 2, 1920, the president was created as a separate state body, but his powers were only very weak, which meant he had mostly ceremonial tasks.

1920-1941

Since 1941

Requirements

To become a presidential candidate, three prerequisites must be met:

  • The presidential candidate must be at least 36 years old.
  • The presidential candidate must be born in Besmenia.
  • The presidential candidate must have lived in Besmenia continuously for at least 10 years.

A presidential candidate also needs 5,500 signatures to participate in the presidential election. While in office the president cannot belong to an elected body or hold any other political position.

Election

The term of office is about 6 years. A one-time re-election is possible. Until 1935 the president was elected by the Federal Assembly, which is composed of the members of the Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate. Hugo Dautzenberg was the first president to be directly elected by the people in the 1941 East Besmenian presidential election.

Until 1939 there was no limitation in office, which means that any candidate could serve as president for more than 12 years. In 1939, under Premier Heinz Dimmler and his government cabinet, multiple re-elections were abolished and limited to one.

Past presidential elections

Election Date Ballots Winner Electoral votes
(percentage)		 Runner-up Electoral votes
(percentage)
1920 30 September 1920 1 Hermann Köster (Independent) 75,3% Hans Gussmann (BNVP) 10,7%
1926 29 August 1926 1 Hermann Köster (Independent) 69,3% Bernhard Bruning (KPB) 21%
1929 5 May 1929 1 Siegfried Saalmann (BKP) 51,8% Herbert Frenkel (SDU) 48,2%
1935 5 May 1935 2 Heinrich Friedensberg (BVP) 60,5% Gustav Weinfink (SDU) 39,5%
1941 4 May 1941
18 May 1941		 2 Hugo Dautzenberg (SDU) 67,9% Siegfried Radler (Independent) 32,1%
1947 4 May 1947 1 Hugo Dautzenberg (SDU) 50,9% Gustav Böcker (BVP) 39,4%
1951 29 April 1951 1 Wilhelm Ganswindt (BVP) 60,2% Jürgen Waldmacher (FBBP) 29%
1957 28 April 1957 1 Wilhelm Ganswindt (BVP) 58% Oskar Stein (SDU) 30,3%
1963 28 April 1963
12 May 1963		 2 Thomas Albrecht (SDU) 54,7% Franz Kramwald (BVP) 45,3%
1969 27 April 1969 1 Thomas Albrecht (SDU) 60,2% Alois Huthmacher (BRP) 32,1%
1973 25 March 1973 1 Erwin Pohl (Independent) 56,3% Kurt Weimer (BVP) 31%
1979 25 February 1979 1 Erwin Pohl (Independent) 74,8% Werner Kaltmann (BVP) 15,2%
1985 24 February 1985
10 March 1985		 2 Otto Schulz (FBBP) 60,5% Manfred von Henning (BRP) 39,5%
1991 24 February 1991 1 Otto Schulz (FBBP) 63,4% Josef Müller (Independent) 33,8%
1997 23 February 1997
9 March 1997		 2 Gerhard Mahler (SDU) 52,1% Ursula Kummstein (FBBP) 47,9%
2003 23 February 2003 1 Hans Kiesinger (BVP) 53,8% Peter Treudler (NBP) 25,1%
2009 22 February 2009 1 Hans Kiesinger (BVP) 56,3% Doris Klammer-Brunt (SDU) 31,8%
2015 22 February 2015 1 Sebastian Bergmann (GPB) 57,7% Regina Vogel (FBBP) 21,5%
2021 28 February 2021
14 March 2021		 2 Vincent von Schilling (BVP) 52,9 % Sebastian Bergmann (GPB) 46,9 %
2024 10 March 2024
24 March 2024		 2 Erika Badt-Springer (FBBP) 51,8% Jens Schechter (NBP) 48,2%

Succession

Barbara Schröder, current President of the Federal Chamber, and at the same time deputy to the Besmenian president.

The Besmenian Basic Law makes no provisions for an office of vice president. The official deputy to the Besmenian president is the President of the Federal Chamber. If the Federal President resigns or dies during his term of office, the President of the Federal Chamber assumes the duties of the Besmenian president on an acting basis until a new Federal President is sworn in. During this time, a new Federal President must be elected.

Oath

When taking office, the president must recite the following oath:
"I, (name) swear that I will devote my energies to the welfare of the Besmenian people, uphold the Basic Law and the laws of the Federal Republic of Besmenia, conscientiously fulfill my duties and do justice to everyone."

Tasks and powers

In his function as head of state, the Federal President has, among other things, the following tasks and powers:

  • He represents Besmenia under international law.
  • He is the commander-in-chief of the Besmenian Federal Army.
  • He certifies diplomatic representatives.
  • He has the right of pardon at the federal level
  • He executes federal laws with his signature and has them promulgated by publication in the Federal Law Gazette.
  • He appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister.
  • He appoints and dismisses federal ministers at the suggestion of the Prime Minister.
  • He appoints and dismisses federal judges, federal officials, officers and non-commissioned officers, except as otherwise provided by orders and orders.
  • After a failed vote of confidence, he has the decision to dissolve the Federal Chamber.
  • He announces that the state of defense has been established and has occurred, and he makes declarations under international law when an attack occurs
  • He convenes the Federal Chamber
  • He initiates acts of state for important reasons and arranges state symbols.
  • He approves the rules of procedure of the federal government.

Official residences

Presidential residences
Traisenbach Castle, the official place of residence of the president
Schallenberg Hunting Lodge, used by the president as a country retreat.

Since the creation of the office, the president has had his official residence in Traisenbach Castle in Laitstadt. The castle serves as a place of work and residence for the president. The Presidential Chancellery, which supports the president in his duties, is also based in Traisenbach Castle.

The Schallenberg Hunting Lodge, which is located in the southwest of Metakumburg, has been the official country residence of the Besmenian president since 1955. The Schallenberg Hunting Lodge was privately owned by various noble families for centuries, most recently by the House of Heraldstein. After the founding of the Federal Republic of East Besmenia in 1920, the hunting lodge became the property of the federal government. A museum dedicated to the Besmenian Civil War was set up in the official rooms. The remaining rooms were rented out to summer guests. Since 1955 it has served as a country residence for each of the incumbent Besmenian presidents.

Spouse of the President

Main article: First Lady of Besmenia

The wives of the Federal Presidents enjoy a special social reputation even without a formal office. State ceremonies often provide for the president to appear with his wife on special occasions. Political neutrality and restraint are expected from them. The majority of the wives of the Federal Presidents did not pursue a profession at the time of their election or afterwards.

Travel and transportation

  • BesPreCar.png
  • BesPrePla.png

List of Besmenian presidents

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Tenure
(Years and days) 		Party Election
1 Robert Primavesi (1854-1926).jpg
Hermann Köster
(1855–1929) 		30 September
1920 		9 March
1929 † 		8 years, 160 days Independent 1920
1926
- Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2007-0327-500, Freiherr Werner von Rheinbaben.jpg
Wolfgang Stück
(1876–1957)
Acting 		9 March
1929 		10 June
1929 		93 days Besmenian People's Party -
2 OttoEnder1929.jpg
Siegfried Saalmann
(1876–1960) 		10 June
1929 		10 June
1935 		6 years, 0 days Besmenian Conservative Party 1929
3 Joseph Joos JS.jpg
Heinrich Friedensberg
(1878–1974) 		10 June
1935 		10 June
1941 		6 years, 0 days Besmenian People's Party 1935
4 Fotothek df pk 0000247 046 Ottomar Geschke spricht.jpg
Hugo Dautzenberg
(1882–1959) 		10 June
1941 		1 March
1951 		9 years, 264 days Social Democratic Union 1941
1947
- Rudolf Amelunxen - Ausschnitt aus Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F001946-0009, Berlin, Bundesversammlung wählt Bundespräsident.jpg
Bruno Wagner
(1888–1974)
Acting 		1 March
1951 		1 June
1951 		92 days Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia -
5 Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2007-0100, Ernst Lemmer.jpg
Wilhelm Ganswindt
(1896–1971) 		1 June
1951 		1 June
1963 		12 years, 0 days Besmenian People's Party 1951
1957
6 Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J1231-1002-002 Walter Ulbricht, Neujahrsansprache.jpg
Thomas Albrecht
(1892–1973) 		1 June
1963 		17 January
1973 † 		9 years, 230 days Social Democratic Union 1963
1969
- WL 1978 MdL edited.jpg
Franz Missmahl
(1922–2011)
Acting 		17 January
1973 		5 April
1973 		78 days Besmenian People's Party -
7 Erwin Pohlnew.png
Erwin Pohl
(1912–1992) 		5 April
1973 		5 April
1985 		12 years, 0 days Independent 1973
1979
8 Otto Schulznew.jpg
Otto Schulz
(1932-2022) 		5 April
1985 		5 April
1997 		12 years, 0 days Free Besmenian Citizen's Party 1985
1991
9 Thomas Klestil 1.jpg
Gerhard Mahler
(1933-2013) 		5 April
1997 		5 April
2003 		6 years, 0 days Social Democratic Union 1997
10 Gerhard Schröder (cropped).jpg
Hans Kiesinger
(1945-) 		5 April
2003 		5 April
2015 		12 years, 0 days Besmenian People's Party 2003
2009
11 2018-06-09 Bundesparteitag Die Linke 2018 in Leipzig by Sandro Halank–108.jpg
Sebastian Bergmann
(1949-) 		5 April
2015 		5 April
2021 		6 years, 0 days Green Party of Besmenia 2015
12 PresidentVincent von Schilling2022.jpg
Vincent von Schilling
(1972-) 		5 April
2021 		11 January
2024 		2 years, 281 days Besmenian People's Party 2021
- Kalveram, Esther (SPD-Fraktion Hessen, Christof Mattes) (cropped).jpg
Barbara Schröder
(1966)
Acting 		11 January
2024 		1 April
2024 		81 days Besmenian People's Party -
13 Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2024, cropped).jpg
Erika Badt-Springer
(1964-) 		1 April
2024 		Incumbent 267 days Free Besmenian Citizen's Party 2024

Living former presidents of Besmenia

As of July 2022, there are 2 living former presidents:

Trivia

  • No former Besmenian president was alive between 1976-1985 and 1992-1997.
  • Otto Schulz was the only living Besmenian president twice, first from 1997 to 2003 and then again from 2013 to 2015.
  • The oldest Besmenian president when he took office was Thomas Albrecht at 70, the youngest was Vincent von Schilling at 49.
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