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Federal Chamber (Besmenia): Difference between revisions

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| new_session        =  
| new_session        =  
| leader1_type      = [[President of the Federal Chamber]]
| leader1_type      = [[President of the Federal Chamber]]
| leader1            = [[Rupert Bödermann]]
| leader1            = [[Barbara Schröder]]
| party1            = [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]
| party1            = [[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]
| election1          = 2012
| election1          = 2022
| leader2_type      = Vice Presidents of the Federal Chamber
| leader2_type      = First Vice President of the Federal Chamber
| leader2            = [[Viktor Kühnhold]]
| leader2            = [[Erika Badt-Springer]]
| party2            = [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]
| party2            = [[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]
| election2          = 2020
| election2          = 2016
| leader3_type      =  
| leader3_type      = Second Vice President of the Federal Chamber
| leader3            = [[Timo Wälzer]]
| leader3            = [[Viktor Kühnhold]]
| party3            = [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]
| party3            = [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]
| election3          = 2021
| election3          = 2021
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| party7            =  
| party7            =  
| election7          =  
| election7          =  
| seats              = 442
| seats              = 443
| house1            =  
| house1            =  
| house2            =  
| house2            =  
| structure1        = BFC2021-2025nn.png
| structure1        = Bundeskammer2021-2025.png
| structure1_res    = 260px
| structure1_res    = 260px
| structure1_alt    =  
| structure1_alt    =  
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| structure2_alt    =  
| structure2_alt    =  
| political_groups1  =
| political_groups1  =
'''Government (258):'''
'''[[Federal government of Besmenia|Federal Government]] (258):'''
*{{legend|#0F0FFF|[[Besmenian People's Party]]: 142 seats}}
*{{legend|#0F0FFF|[[Besmenian People's Party]]: 141 seats}}
*{{legend|#FF0000|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]: 69 seats}}
*{{legend|#FF0000|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]]: 70 seats}}
*{{legend|#32CD32|[[Green Party of Besmenia]]: 47 seats}}
*{{legend|#32CD32|[[Green Party of Besmenia]]: 47 seats}}
'''Opposition (184):'''
'''Opposition (185):'''
*{{legend|#FFFF00|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]: 92 seats}}
*{{legend|#FFFF00|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party]]: 92 seats}}
*{{legend|#CE3200|[[Party of the Besmenian Left]]: 45 seats}}
*{{legend|#CE3200|[[Party of the Besmenian Left]]: 45 seats}}
*{{legend|#00CED1|[[National Besmenian Party]]: 45 seats}}
*{{legend|#00CED1|[[National Besmenian Party]]: 45 seats}}
* {{legend|#D3D3D3|Non-attached: 2 seats}}
* {{legend|#D3D3D3|Non-attached: 3 seats}}
**{{legend|#088CE8|[[PADBE|PADBE - Democratic Palingia]]: 2 seats}}
**{{legend|#088CE8|[[PADBE|PADBE - Democratic Palingia]]: 2 seats}}
**{{legend|#DAA520|[[Centre Alliance of Besmenia]]: 1 seat}}
| committees1        =  
| committees1        =  
| committees2        =  
| committees2        =  
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| session_alt2      =  
| session_alt2      =  
| meeting_place2    =  
| meeting_place2    =  
| website            = {{URL|www.Bundeskammer.bes}}<!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| website            = {{URL|www.Bundeskammer.bm}}<!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| constitution      =
| constitution      =
| footnotes          =  
| footnotes          =  
}}
}}
The '''Federal Chamber''' (Besmenian: ''Bundeskammer''), is the lower house of the Besmenian Parliament and is based in the [[Federal Chamber building]] in the Besmenian capital, [[Laitstadt]]. In accordance with the [[Basic Law of Besmenia|Basic Law]], together with the [[Federal Senate (Besmenia) |Federal Senate]], which represents the [[Administrative divisions of Besmenia|federal states]], it is called upon to legislate at the federal level. Both chambers are set up as independent bodies. In general, initiatives are initially discussed by the Federal Chamber, with the Federal Senate acting as the confirming or rejecting body in the legislative process. In special cases, the Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate meet together as a Federal Assembly, for example when the [[President of Besmenia|president]] is sworn in.
The '''Federal Chamber''' (Besmenian: ''Bundeskammer''), is the lower house and federal parliament of [[Besmenia]]. The Federal Chamber is based in the [[Federal Chamber building]] in the Besmenian capital, [[Laitstadt]]. In accordance with the [[Basic Law of Besmenia|Basic Law]], together with the [[Federal Senate (Besmenia) |Federal Senate]], which represents the [[Administrative divisions of Besmenia|federal states]], it is called upon to legislate at the federal level. Both chambers are set up as independent bodies. In general, initiatives are initially discussed by the Federal Chamber, with the Federal Senate acting as the confirming or rejecting body in the legislative process. In special cases, the Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate meet together as a Federal Assembly, for example when the [[President of Besmenia|president]] is sworn in.


Before 1967, the Federal Chamber had 230 members. In the course of the [[Besmenian reunification]], membership increased by 427 MPs. After [[Palingia]] joined the federal republic in April 2022 as the 14th state, membership increased by 442 MEPs. Palingia's 15 MPs were determined by party percentage in the [[2022 Pallingian state election]]. The parties that reached the 5% threshold in that election also got seats in the Federal Chamber.
Before 1967, the Federal Chamber had 211 members. In the course of the [[Besmenian reunification]], membership increased by 427 MPs. After [[Palingia]] joined the federal republic in April 2022 as the 14th state, membership increased by 443 MEPs. Palingia's 16 MPs were determined by party percentage in the [[2022 Pallingian state election]]. The parties that reached the 5% threshold in that election also got seats in the Federal Chamber.


The last Federal Chamber election was held on [[2021 Besmenian federal election|August 8, 2021]]. The next election is scheduled for August 2025, should the Federal Chamber not dissolve itself before then.
The last Federal Chamber election was held on [[2021 Besmenian federal election|August 8, 2021]]. The next election is scheduled for August 2025, should the Federal Chamber not dissolve itself before then.
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! colspan=2| Group
! colspan=2| Group
! Members
! Members
! Leader
! Faction leader
|-
|-
| bgcolor=#0F0FFF|
| bgcolor=#0F0FFF|
| align=left| [[Besmenian People's Party]] (BVP)
| align=left| [[Besmenian People's Party]] (BVP)
| {{Composition bar|142|442|#0F0FFF}}
| {{Composition bar|141|442|#0F0FFF}}
| [[Karsten Betzler]]
| [[Karsten Betzler]]
|-
|-
Line 150: Line 151:
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]] (SDU)
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|Social Democratic Union]] (SDU)
| {{Composition bar|69|442|#FF0000}}
| {{Composition bar|70|442|#FF0000}}
| [[Angelika Pauer]]
| [[Angelika Pauer]]
|-
|-
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| align=left| [[PADBE|PADBE - Democratic Palingia]] (PADBE)
| align=left| [[PADBE|PADBE - Democratic Palingia]] (PADBE)
| {{Composition bar|2|442|#088CE8}}
| {{Composition bar|2|442|#088CE8}}
| [[Christian Pöhlmann]]
| -
|-
| bgcolor=#DAA520|
| align=left| [[Centre Alliance of Besmenia]] (ZAB)
| {{Composition bar|1|442|#DAA520}}
| -
|-
|-
|}
|}
==MPs and organization==
==MPs and organization==
[[File:Besmenian Federal Chamber constituencies.png|190px|thumb|left|The 165 Federal Chamber election districts]]
[[File:Besmenian Federal Chamber constituencies.png|190px|thumb|left|The 165 Federal Chamber election districts]]
The Federal Chamber consists of 442 MPs who are usually elected every four years. As in most democracies, members of the Federal Chamber in Besmenia enjoy political immunity. This is divided into:
The Federal Chamber consists of 443 MPs who are usually elected every four years. As in most democracies, members of the Federal Chamber in Besmenia enjoy political immunity. This is divided into:
*Professional immunity: Members of Parliament can only be held responsible for their statements in plenary session before the Federal Chamber (personal immunity reason).
*Professional immunity: Members of Parliament can only be held responsible for their statements in plenary session before the Federal Chamber (personal immunity reason).
*Non-professional immunity: Typically, a Member of Parliament may only be prosecuted for his extra-parliamentary criminal behavior with the approval of the Immunity Committee, unless the offense is obviously unrelated to his political activity (e.g. false testimony in court in a criminal case) or he was caught in the act of committing a crime. In this case, the Immunity Committee can demand the end of the prosecution (and the lifting of an arrest that has already been made). Prosecution is possible again as soon as the mandate ends.
*Non-professional immunity: Typically, a Member of Parliament may only be prosecuted for his extra-parliamentary criminal behavior with the approval of the Immunity Committee, unless the offense is obviously unrelated to his political activity (e.g. false testimony in court in a criminal case) or he was caught in the act of committing a crime. In this case, the Immunity Committee can demand the end of the prosecution (and the lifting of an arrest that has already been made). Prosecution is possible again as soon as the mandate ends.
===Factions===
===Factions===
Most members of the Federal Chamber are members of a faction. A faction is usually formed by MPs from the same party. A faction must have at least 5 members. A faction consisting of less than 5 members is called a group. The groups have fewer rights in the Federal Chamber than a faction; For example, they have no right to nominate a vice-president from among their members. MPs whose party has even fewer members in the Federal Chamber or who have resigned from or been expelled from their parliamentary group/group are non-attached MPs. They have all the rights and duties of an MEP in a parliamentary group or group, but not the rights of the parliamentary group or group itself.
Most members of the Federal Chamber are members of a faction. A faction is usually formed by MPs from the same party. A faction must have at least 5 members. A faction consisting of less than 15 members is called a group. The groups have fewer rights in the Federal Chamber than a faction; For example, they have no right to nominate a vice-president from among their members. MPs whose party has even fewer members in the Federal Chamber or who have resigned from or been expelled from their parliamentary group/group are non-attached MPs. They have all the rights and duties of an MEP in a parliamentary group or group, but not the rights of the parliamentary group or group itself.
 
===Presidium===
===Presidium===
[[File:Kalveram, Esther (SPD-Fraktion Hessen, Christof Mattes) (cropped).jpg|197px|thumb|right|[[Barbara Schröder]] is since 2022 the current President of the Federal Chamber.]]
In the first session after the election to the Federal Chamber, the members elect the President of the Federal Chamber and two deputies. The President of the Federal Chamber traditionally comes from the largest faction in the Federal Chamber, regardless of whether that faction is a member of the governing coalition or in opposition. the two deputies come from the second and third largest factions. The members of the presidium take turns in chairing Federal Chambers meetings; Only at very important meetings does the President of the Federal Chamber actually preside for the entire duration of the meeting.
In the first session after the election to the Federal Chamber, the members elect the President of the Federal Chamber and two deputies. The President of the Federal Chamber traditionally comes from the largest faction in the Federal Chamber, regardless of whether that faction is a member of the governing coalition or in opposition. the two deputies come from the second and third largest factions. The members of the presidium take turns in chairing Federal Chambers meetings; Only at very important meetings does the President of the Federal Chamber actually preside for the entire duration of the meeting.


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| [[Martin Strobel]] (1873-1951) || 1920 || 1924 || style="background:#000000; color:white;"|[[Besmenian Democratic Party|{{color|white|BDP}}]]
| [[Martin Strobel]] (1873-1951) || 1920 || 1924 || style="background:#000000; color:white;"|[[Besmenian Democratic Party|{{color|white|BDP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Wolfgang Stück]] (1876-1957) || 1924 || 1938 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Wolfgang Stück]] (1876-1957) || 1924 || 1932 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Johannes Kreiger]] (1883-1960) || 1938 || 1944 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Heinrich Friedensberg]] (1878-1974) || 1932 || 1935 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
| [[Johannes Kreiger]] (1883-1960) || 1935 || 1944 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Bruno Wagner]] (1888-1974) ||1944 ||1956 || style="background:#CCCC00; color:white;"|[[Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia|{{color|black|LBB}}]]
| [[Bruno Wagner]] (1888-1974) ||1944 ||1956 || style="background:#CCCC00; color:white;"|[[Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia|{{color|black|LBB}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Rudolf Volker]] (1893-1973) ||1956 ||1960 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Rudolf Volker]] (1899-1971) ||1956 ||1960 || style="background:#CCCC00; color:white;"|[[Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia|{{color|black|LBB}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Viktor Wangenknecht]] (1905-1993) || 1960 || 1964  || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Viktor Weissel]] (1905-1993) || 1960 || 1964  || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Herbert Lehmberg]] (1913-1996) || 1964 || 1972 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
| [[Herbert Lehmberg]] (1913-1996) || 1964 || 1972 || style="background:#FF0000; color:white;"|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|{{color|white|SDU}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Franz Missmahl]] (1929-2011) || 1972 || 1980 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Franz Missmahl]] (1922-2011) || 1972 || 1980 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Hertha Schuardt]] (1933-2021) || 1980 || 1993 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
| [[Hertha Schuardt]] (1928-2023) || 1980 || 1993 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Holger Kremfeld]] (1940-) || 1993 || 2001 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Holger Tiefenbach]] (1940-) || 1993 || 2001 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Hans Westphal]] (1945-) || 2001 || 2007 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
| [[Hans Westphal]] (1945-) || 2001 || 2007 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
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| [[Gudrun Senf]] (1946-) || 2007 || 2012 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
| [[Gudrun Senf]] (1946-) || 2007 || 2012 || style="background:#FFFF00; color:white;"|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|{{color|black|FBBP}}]]
|-
|-
| [[Rupert Bödermann]] (1954-) || 2012 || Incumbent || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
| [[Rupert Bödermann]] (1954-2023) || 2012 || 2022 || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
| [[Barbara Schröder]] (1966-) || 2022 || Incumbent || style="background:#0F0FFF; color:white;"|[[Besmenian People's Party|{{color|white|BVP}}]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Historical composition==
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:solid #000000 1px;font-size:95%;"
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| width="100%" style="font-size:90%;"
| width="40" |
|{{legend|#8B0000|[[Communist Party of Besmenia|KPB]]}}
|{{legend|#CE3200|[[Party of the Besmenian Left|PBL]]}}
|{{legend|#FF0000|[[Social Democratic Union (Besmenia)|SDU]]}}
|{{legend|#5EEEC3|[[Freedom Party of Besmenia|FPB]]}}
|{{legend|#32CD32|[[Green Party of Besmenia|GPB]]}}
|{{legend|#FFFF00|[[Free Besmenian Citizen's Party|FBBP]]}}
|{{legend|#00FFFF|[[Democratic Besmenia|DB]]}}
|{{legend|#C4AD1A|[[Christian Party of Besmenia|CPB]]}}
|{{legend|#CCCC00|Liberal Citizen's/[[Liberal Citizen's Party of Besmenia|LBB]]}}
|{{legend|#0F0FFF|[[Besmenian People's Party|BVP]]}}
|{{legend|#000000|[[Besmenian Democratic Party|BDP]]}}
|{{legend|#778899|[[Besmenian Conservative Party|BKP]]}}
|{{legend|#008B8B|[[Besmenian Libertarian Party|BELP]]}}
|{{legend|#00CED1|[[National Besmenian Party|NBP]]}}
|{{legend|#FFAB00|[[Besmenian Republican Party|BRP]]}}
|{{legend|#128F38|[[Besmenian Peasants' Union|BBU]]}}
|{{legend|#1E90FF|[[Besmenian National People's Party|BNVP]]}}
|{{legend|#8B4522|[[Besmenian National Union|BNU-East]]}}
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1920 East Besmenian federal election|1920]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #8B0000;                                                                  width: 9.48%"|20
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 24.17%"|51
| style="background-color: #5EEEC3;                                                                  width: 6.16%"|13
| style="background-color: #C4AD1A;                                                                  width: 2.84%"|6
| style="background-color: #000000;                                                                  width: 26.54%"|56
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 13.74%"|29
| style="background-color: #128F38;                                                                  width: 1.90%"|4
| style="background-color: #1E90FF;                                                                  width: 10.43%"|22
| style="background-color: #8B4522;                                                                  width: 4.74%"|10
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1924 East Besmenian federal election|1924]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #8B0000;                                                                  width: 7.11%"|15
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 23.22%"|49
| style="background-color: #5EEEC3;                                                                  width: 7.11%"|15
| style="background-color: #000000;                                                                  width: 22.75%"|48
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 24.64%"|52
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 9.95%"|21
|style="background-color: #8B4522;                                                                  width: 5.21%"|11
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1928 East Besmenian federal election|1928]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #8B0000;                                                                  width: 8.06%"|17
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 24.17%"|51
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 21.33%"|45
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 35.07%"|74
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 11.37%"|24
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1932 East Besmenian federal election|1932]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #8B0000;                                                                  width: 6.64%"|14
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 20.38%"|43
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 12.32%"|26
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 52.13%"|110
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 8.53%"|18
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1936 East Besmenian federal election|1936]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #8B0000;                                                                  width: 5.21%"|11
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 22.75%"|48
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 16.59%"|35
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 45.97%"|97
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 9.48%"|20
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1940 East Besmenian federal election|1940]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 22.75%"|48
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 24.17%"|51
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 41.71%"|88
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 11.37%"|24
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1944 East Besmenian federal election|1944]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 23.70%"|50
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 35.55%"|75
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 31.28%"|66
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 9.48%"|20
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1948 East Besmenian federal election|1948]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 25.12%"|53
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 38.39%"|81
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 27.49%"|58
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 9.00%"|19
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1952 East Besmenian federal election|1952]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 26.54%"|56
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 35.55%"|75
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 29.38%"|62
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 8.53%"|18
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1956 East Besmenian federal election|1956]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 26.07%"|55
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 36.97%"|78
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 28.91%"|61
| style="background-color: #778899;                                                                  width: 8.06 %"|17
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1960 East Besmenian federal election|1960]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 31.75%"|67
| style="background-color: #CCCC00;                                                                  width: 20.38%"|43
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 34.12%"|72
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 13.74 %"|29
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1964 East Besmenian federal election|1964]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 36.02%"|76
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 19.43%"|{{font color|#000000|41}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 32.23%"|68
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 12.32 %"|26
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1968 Besmenian federal election|1968]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 30.91%"|132
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 17.33%"|{{font color|#000000|74}}
| style="background-color: #00FFFF;                                                                  width: 6.79%"|29
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 29.98%"|128
| style="background-color: #008B8B;                                                                  width: 6.32%"|27
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 8.67 %"|37
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1972 Besmenian federal election|1972]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 22.95%"|98
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 18.03%"|{{font color|#000000|77}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 42.39%"|181
| style="background-color: #008B8B;                                                                  width: 5.85%"|25
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 10.77%"|46
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1976 Besmenian federal election|1976]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 22.25%"|95
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 25.29%"|{{font color|#000000|108}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 40.75%"|174
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 11.71%"|50
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1980 Besmenian federal election|1980]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 16.16%"|69
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 33.72%"|{{font color|#000000|144}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 6.09%"|26
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 33.02%"|141
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 11.01%"|47
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1981 Besmenian federal election|1981]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 17.10%"|73
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 35.83%"|{{font color|#000000|153}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 6.32%"|27
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 30.21%"|129
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 10.54%"|45
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1985 Besmenian federal election|1985]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 22.25%"|95
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 41.22%"|{{font color|#000000|176}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 6.56%"|28
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 21.31%"|91
| style="background-color: #FFAB00;                                                                  width: 8.67%"|37
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1989 Besmenian federal election|1989]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 16.39%"|70
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 41.92%"|{{font color|#000000|179}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 7.73%"|33
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 33.96%"|145
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1993 Besmenian federal election|1993]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 12.41%"|53
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 29.04%"|{{font color|#000000|124}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 15.22%"|65
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 35.83%"|153
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 7.49%"|32
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[1997 Besmenian federal election|1997]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 13.35%"|57
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 26.70%"|{{font color|#000000|114}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 14.29%"|61
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 36.53%"|156
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 9.13%"|39
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2001 Besmenian federal election|2001]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 5.39%"|23
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 14.52%"|62
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 35.83%"|{{font color|#000000|153}}
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 7.49%"|32
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 26.93%"|115
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 9.84%"|42
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2005 Besmenian federal election|2005]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 5.85%"|25
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 14.29%"|61
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 10.07%"|43
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 32.08%"|{{font color|#000000|137}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 26.93%"|115
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 10.77%"|46
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2009 Besmenian federal election|2009]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 9.37%"|40
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 13.35%"|57
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 10.54%"|45
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 29.98%"|{{font color|#000000|128}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 24.82%"|106
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 11.94%"|51
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2012 Besmenian federal election|2012]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 7.49%"|32
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 17.10%"|73
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 8.43%"|36
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 23.65%"|{{font color|#000000|101}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 33.26%"|142
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 10.07%"|43
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2016 Besmenian federal election|2016]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 8.43%"|36
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 13.58%"|58
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 9.37%"|40
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 26.00%"|{{font color|#000000|111}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 31.15%"|133
| style="background-color: #008B8B;                                                                  width: 5.39%"|23
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 6.09%"|26
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2020 Besmenian federal election|2020]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 9.60%"|39
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 11.94%"|58
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 10.30%"|42
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 25.53%"|{{font color|#000000|108}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 33.96%"|139
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 8.90%"|41
|}
|-
| width="40" | [[2021 Besmenian federal election|2021]]
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: #CE3200;                                                                  width: 10.54%"|45
| style="background-color: #FF0000;                                                                  width: 15.22%"|65
| style="background-color: #32CD32;                                                                  width: 11.01%"|47
| style="background-color: #FFFF00;                                                                  width: 21.08%"|{{font color|#000000|90}}
| style="background-color: #0F0FFF;                                                                  width: 32.08%"|137
| style="background-color: #00CED1;                                                                  width: 10.07%"|43
|}
|}
===Timeline===
{{Timeline
| name        = Timeline
| state      = collapsed
| title      = Timeline of the [[List of political parties in Besmenia|political parties]] who got elected into the Federal Chamber
| label      =
-
| row1        =
| labelstyle1 =
| item1      = {{font color|white|East-BNU}}
| date1      = 1920-1928
| style1      = background-color: #8B4522;
-
| row2        =
| labelstyle2 =
| item2      = {{font color|black|BNVP}}
| date2      = 1920-1928
| style2      = background-color: #1E90FF;
-
| row3        =
| labelstyle3 =
| item3      = {{font color|white|BBU}}
| date3      = 1920-1924
| style3      = background-color: #128F38;
-
| row4        =
| labelstyle4 =
| item4      = {{font color|black|BRP}}
| date4      = 1960-1989
| style4      = background-color: #FFAB00;
| item5      = {{font color|white|NBP}}
| date5      = 1993-2023
| style5      = background-color: #00CED1;
-
| row6        =
| labelstyle6 =
| item6      = {{font color|white|BELP}}
| date6      = 1968-1976
| style6      = background-color:#008B8B;
| item7      = {{font color|white|BELP}}
| date7      = 2016-2020
| style7      = background-color: #008B8B;
-
| row8        =
| labelstyle8 =
| item8      = {{font color|white|BKP}}
| date8      = 1920-1960
| style8      = background-color: #778899;
-
| row9        =
| labelstyle9 =
| item9      = {{font color|white|BDP}}
| date9      = 1920-1930
| style9      = background-color: #000000;
-
| row10        =
| labelstyle10 =
| item10      = {{font color|white|BVP}}
| date10      = 1924-2023
| style10      = background-color: #0F0FFF;
-
| row11        =
| labelstyle11 =
| item11      = {{font color|black|CPB}}
| date11      = 1920-1924
| style11      = background-color: #C4AD1A;
-
| row12        =
| labelstyle12 =
| item12      = {{font color|black|DB}}
| date12      = 1968-1972
| style12      = background-color: #00FFFF;
-
| row13        =
| labelstyle13 =
| item13      = {{font color|black|LBB}}
| date13      = 1930-1963
| style13      = background-color: #CCCC00;
| item14      = {{font color|black|FBBP}}
| date14      = 1963-2023
| style14      = background-color: #FFFF00;
-
| row15        =
| labelstyle15 =
| item15      = {{font color|black|FPB}}
| date15      = 1920-1930
| style15      = background-color: #5EEEC3;
-
| row16        =
| labelstyle16 =
| item16      = {{font color|white|GPB}}
| date16      = 1980-2023
| style16      = background-color: #32CD32;
-
| row17        =
| labelstyle17 = 
| item17      = {{font color|white|SDU}}
| date17      = 1920-2023
| style17      = background-color: #FF0000;
-
| row18        =
| labelstyle18 =
| item18      = {{font color|white|PBL}}
| date18      = 2001-2023
| style18      = background-color: #CE3200;
-
| row19        =
| labelstyle19 =
| item19      = {{font color|white|KPB}}
| date19      = 1920-1940
| style19      = background-color: #8B0000;
}}


==Elections==
==Elections==
In Besmenia, Federal Chamber elections are referred to as ''Bundeskammerwahl''. Due to the equal, direct, personal, free and secret suffrage of men and women who have reached the age of 16 on the day of the election (since 2021; previously the age of 18), the Besmenian population will elect 442 members (deputies) according to the principles of proportional representation ) chosen. Eligible for election are those entitled to vote in the Federal Chamber who have Besmenian citizenship on the key date and have reached the age of 18 on the day of the election. The conduct and administration of the elections to the Federal Chamber is the responsibility of the electoral authorities, which are formed before each election. There is a 5% hurdle in the election. The first session of the newly elected Federal Chamber always takes place 20 days after the election.  
In Besmenia, Federal Chamber elections are referred to as ''Bundeskammerwahl''. Due to the equal, direct, personal, free and secret suffrage of men and women who have reached the age of 16 on the day of the election (since 2021; previously the age of 18), the Besmenian population will elect 443 members (deputies) according to the principles of proportional representation chosen. The elections using open list proportional representation in 165 multi-member constituencies. The number of members to be returned from each constituency varies between 1 and 7. Eligible for election are those entitled to vote in the Federal Chamber who have Besmenian citizenship on the key date and have reached the age of 18 on the day of the election. The conduct and administration of the elections to the Federal Chamber is the responsibility of the electoral authorities, which are formed before each election. There is a 5% hurdle in the election. The first session of the newly elected Federal Chamber always takes place 20 days after the election.  
===Latest election===
===Latest election===
{{main|2021 Besmenian federal election}}
{{main|2021 Besmenian federal election}}
Line 256: Line 695:
==Distribution of Federal Chamber seats by state==
==Distribution of Federal Chamber seats by state==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
| align=center colspan=7| [[File:Bundeskammer Sitzverteilung.png|280px]]
| align=center colspan=7| [[File:Bundeskammer Sitzverteilung neu.png|280px]]
|-
|-
! colspan=2|State
! colspan=2|State
Line 286: Line 725:
|-
|-
| bgcolor=#4CCF8A|
| bgcolor=#4CCF8A|
| align=left| [[Trissia]]
| align=left| [[Tergau]]
| 31
| 31
|-
|-
Line 315: Line 754:
| bgcolor=#EE177A|
| bgcolor=#EE177A|
| align=left| [[Palingia]]
| align=left| [[Palingia]]
| 15
| 16
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 324: Line 763:
! Session !! Election !! Seats !! Government
! Session !! Election !! Seats !! Government
|-
|-
| 1. || [[1920 East Besmenian federal election|1920]] || 230 || BDP-SDU majority
| 1. || [[1920 East Besmenian federal election|1920]] || 211 || BDP-SDU majority
|-
|-
| 2. || [[1924 East Besmenian federal election|1924]] || 230 || BVP-SDU majority  
| 2. || [[1924 East Besmenian federal election|1924]] || 211 || BVP-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 3. || [[1928 East Besmenian federal election|1928]] || 230 || BVP-SDU majority  
| 3. || [[1928 East Besmenian federal election|1928]] || 211 || BVP-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 4. || [[1932 East Besmenian federal election|1932]] || 230 || BVP majority  
| 4. || [[1932 East Besmenian federal election|1932]] || 211 || BVP majority  
|-
|-
| 5. || [[1936 East Besmenian federal election|1936]] || 230 || BVP-SDU majority  
| 5. || [[1936 East Besmenian federal election|1936]] || 211 || BVP-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 6. || [[1940 East Besmenian federal election|1940]] || 230 || BVP-LBB majority  
| 6. || [[1940 East Besmenian federal election|1940]] || 211 || BVP-LBB majority  
|-
|-
| 7. || [[1944 East Besmenian federal election|1944]] || 230 || LBB-BVP majority  
| 7. || [[1944 East Besmenian federal election|1944]] || 211 || LBB-BVP majority  
|-
|-
| 8. || [[1948 East Besmenian federal election|1948]] || 230 || LBB-SDU majority  
| 8. || [[1948 East Besmenian federal election|1948]] || 211 || LBB-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 9. || [[1952 East Besmenian federal election|1952]] || 230 || LBB-SDU majority  
| 9. || [[1952 East Besmenian federal election|1952]] || 211 || LBB-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 10. || [[1956 East Besmenian federal election|1956]] || 230 || BVP-SDU majority  
| 10. || [[1956 East Besmenian federal election|1956]] || 211 || BVP-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 11. || [[1960 East Besmenian federal election|1960]] || 230 || BVP-SDU majority  
| 11. || [[1960 East Besmenian federal election|1960]] || 211 || BVP-SDU majority  
|-
|-
| 12. || [[1964 East Besmenian federal election|1964]] || 230 || SDU-BVP majority  
| 12. || [[1964 East Besmenian federal election|1964]] || 211 || SDU-BVP majority  
|-
|-
| 13. || [[1968 Besmenian federal election|1968]] || 427 || SDU-BVP majority  
| 13. || [[1968 Besmenian federal election|1968]] || 427 || SDU-BVP majority  
Line 380: Line 819:
| 28. || [[2021 Besmenian federal election|2021]] || 427 || [[Rademacher cabinet|BVP-SDU-GPB majority]]
| 28. || [[2021 Besmenian federal election|2021]] || 427 || [[Rademacher cabinet|BVP-SDU-GPB majority]]
|}
|}
===Timeline===
 
{{Timeline
| name        = Timeline
| state      = collapsed
| title      = Timeline of the [[List of political parties in Besmenia|political parties]] who got elected into the Federal Chamber
| label      =
-
| row1        =
| labelstyle1 =
| item1      = {{font color|white|East-BNU}}
| date1      = 1920-1928
| style1      = background-color: #8B4522;
-
| row2        =
| labelstyle2 =
| item2      = {{font color|black|BNVP}}
| date2      = 1920-1928
| style2      = background-color: #1E90FF;
-
| row3        =
| labelstyle3 =
| item3      = {{font color|white|BBU}}
| date3      = 1920-1924
| style3      = background-color: #128F38;
-
| row4        =
| labelstyle4 =
| item4      = {{font color|black|BRP}}
| date4      = 1960-1989
| style4      = background-color: #FFAB00;
| item5      = {{font color|white|NBP}}
| date5      = 1993-2023
| style5      = background-color: #00CED1;
-
| row6        =
| labelstyle6 =
| item6      = {{font color|white|LIV}}
| date6      = 1968-1976
| style6      = background-color:#008B8B;
| item7      = {{font color|white|LIV}}
| date7      = 2016-2020
| style7      = background-color: #008B8B;
-
| row8        =
| labelstyle8 =
| item8      = {{font color|white|BKP}}
| date8      = 1920-1944
| style8      = background-color: #778899;
-
| row9        =
| labelstyle9 =
| item9      = {{font color|white|BDP}}
| date9      = 1920-1930
| style9      = background-color: #000000;
-
| row10        =
| labelstyle10 =
| item10      = {{font color|white|BVP}}
| date10      = 1924-2023
| style10      = background-color: #0F0FFF;
-
| row11        =
| labelstyle11 =
| item11      = {{font color|black|CPB}}
| date11      = 1920-1924
| style11      = background-color: #C4AD1A;
-
| row12        =
| labelstyle12 =
| item12      = {{font color|black|LBB}}
| date12      = 1930-1963
| style12      = background-color: #CCCC00;
| item13      = {{font color|black|FBBP}}
| date13      = 1963-2023
| style13      = background-color: #FFFF00;
-
| row14        =
| labelstyle14 =
| item14      = {{font color|white|PADBE}}
| date14      = 2022
| style14      = background-color: #088CE8;
-
| row15        =
| labelstyle15 =
| item15      = {{font color|black|FPB}}
| date15      = 1920-1930
| style15      = background-color: #5EEEC3;
-
| row16        =
| labelstyle16 =
| item16      = {{font color|white|GPB}}
| date16      = 1980-2023
| style16      = background-color: #32CD32;
-
| row17        =
| labelstyle17 = 
| item17      = {{font color|white|SDU}}
| date17      = 1920-2023
| style17      = background-color: #FF0000;
-
| row18        =
| labelstyle18 =
| item18      = {{font color|white|PBL}}
| date18      = 2001-2023
| style18      = background-color: #CE3200;
-
| row19        =
| labelstyle19 =
| item19      = {{font color|white|KPB}}
| date19      = 1920-1936
| style19      = background-color: #8B0000;
}}
[[Category: Besmenia]]
[[Category: Besmenia]]

Latest revision as of 13:25, 21 September 2024

Besmenian Federal Chamber

Besmenische Bundeskammer
Logo of Bundeskammer.png
Type
Type
Term limits
4 years
History
FoundedAugust 2, 1920
Leadership
Barbara Schröder, BVP
since 2022
First Vice President of the Federal Chamber
Second Vice President of the Federal Chamber
Viktor Kühnhold, SDU
since 2021
Structure
Seats443
Bundeskammer2021-2025.png
Political groups
Federal Government (258):

Opposition (185):

Elections
Open list proportional representation
Last election
2021 Besmenian federal election
Next election
Next Besmenian federal election
Meeting place
Federal Chamber of Besmenianew2.png
Federal Chamber building, Laitstadt
Federal Chamber2.png
Website
www.bundeskammer.bm

The Federal Chamber (Besmenian: Bundeskammer), is the lower house and federal parliament of Besmenia. The Federal Chamber is based in the Federal Chamber building in the Besmenian capital, Laitstadt. In accordance with the Basic Law, together with the Federal Senate, which represents the federal states, it is called upon to legislate at the federal level. Both chambers are set up as independent bodies. In general, initiatives are initially discussed by the Federal Chamber, with the Federal Senate acting as the confirming or rejecting body in the legislative process. In special cases, the Federal Chamber and the Federal Senate meet together as a Federal Assembly, for example when the president is sworn in.

Before 1967, the Federal Chamber had 211 members. In the course of the Besmenian reunification, membership increased by 427 MPs. After Palingia joined the federal republic in April 2022 as the 14th state, membership increased by 443 MEPs. Palingia's 16 MPs were determined by party percentage in the 2022 Pallingian state election. The parties that reached the 5% threshold in that election also got seats in the Federal Chamber.

The last Federal Chamber election was held on August 8, 2021. The next election is scheduled for August 2025, should the Federal Chamber not dissolve itself before then.

History

Competences of the Federal Chamber

Legislative process

In addition to the Federal Government and the Federal Senate, the Federal Chamber has the right to propose bills, the so-called right of initiative.

A bill introduced from within the Federal Chamber must be supported by a faction or five percent of MPs. The bills are usually discussed and drafted beforehand in the Federal Chamber committees. In this way they are made “ready for voting”. The draft is first discussed in the entire Federal Chamber and approved or rejected there. If the law is passed, it goes on to the Federal Senate for deliberation. A federal government bill is first referred to the Federal Senate, where it is discussed. Together with his statement and the counter-statement of the federal government, the bill is then submitted to the Federal Chamber. Conversely, a bill from the Federal Senate goes to the Federal Chamber along with the Federal Government's opinion.

If a law is passed by the Federal Chamber, the further cooperation of the Federal Senate is required for it to pass. A distinction must be made here as to whether it is an objection law or a consent law. The rejection of an objection law by the Federal Senate can be overruled in the Federal Chamber. If the Federal Senate does not agree to a consent law, it has failed.

Current composition of the Federal Chamber

Group Members Faction leader
Besmenian People's Party (BVP)
141 / 442
 Karsten Betzler
Free Besmenian Citizen's Party (FBBP)
92 / 442
 Maria Herbst
Social Democratic Union (SDU)
70 / 442
 Angelika Pauer
Green Party of Besmenia (GPB)
47 / 442
 Stefan Tritter
National Besmenian Party (NBP)
45 / 442
 Markus Ernst
Party of the Besmenian Left (PBL)
45 / 442
 Ingrid Schencker
PADBE - Democratic Palingia (PADBE)
2 / 442
 -
Centre Alliance of Besmenia (ZAB)
1 / 442
 -

MPs and organization

The 165 Federal Chamber election districts

The Federal Chamber consists of 443 MPs who are usually elected every four years. As in most democracies, members of the Federal Chamber in Besmenia enjoy political immunity. This is divided into:

  • Professional immunity: Members of Parliament can only be held responsible for their statements in plenary session before the Federal Chamber (personal immunity reason).
  • Non-professional immunity: Typically, a Member of Parliament may only be prosecuted for his extra-parliamentary criminal behavior with the approval of the Immunity Committee, unless the offense is obviously unrelated to his political activity (e.g. false testimony in court in a criminal case) or he was caught in the act of committing a crime. In this case, the Immunity Committee can demand the end of the prosecution (and the lifting of an arrest that has already been made). Prosecution is possible again as soon as the mandate ends.

Factions

Most members of the Federal Chamber are members of a faction. A faction is usually formed by MPs from the same party. A faction must have at least 5 members. A faction consisting of less than 15 members is called a group. The groups have fewer rights in the Federal Chamber than a faction; For example, they have no right to nominate a vice-president from among their members. MPs whose party has even fewer members in the Federal Chamber or who have resigned from or been expelled from their parliamentary group/group are non-attached MPs. They have all the rights and duties of an MEP in a parliamentary group or group, but not the rights of the parliamentary group or group itself.

Presidium

Barbara Schröder is since 2022 the current President of the Federal Chamber.

In the first session after the election to the Federal Chamber, the members elect the President of the Federal Chamber and two deputies. The President of the Federal Chamber traditionally comes from the largest faction in the Federal Chamber, regardless of whether that faction is a member of the governing coalition or in opposition. the two deputies come from the second and third largest factions. The members of the presidium take turns in chairing Federal Chambers meetings; Only at very important meetings does the President of the Federal Chamber actually preside for the entire duration of the meeting.

The President of the Federal Chamber has domiciliary rights in the Federal Chamber. He also makes the most important personnel decisions in the administration of the parliament. Formally, all letters from other constitutional bodies and also bills from the Federal Chamber are addressed to him. The President of the Federal Chamber is also the official deputy of the Besmenian President.

Presidents of the Federal Chamber

Name Took office Left office Party
Martin Strobel (1873-1951) 1920 1924 BDP
Wolfgang Stück (1876-1957) 1924 1932 BVP
Heinrich Friedensberg (1878-1974) 1932 1935 BVP
Johannes Kreiger (1883-1960) 1935 1944 BVP
Bruno Wagner (1888-1974) 1944 1956 LBB
Rudolf Volker (1899-1971) 1956 1960 LBB
Viktor Weissel (1905-1993) 1960 1964 BVP
Herbert Lehmberg (1913-1996) 1964 1972 SDU
Franz Missmahl (1922-2011) 1972 1980 BVP
Hertha Schuardt (1928-2023) 1980 1993 FBBP
Holger Tiefenbach (1940-) 1993 2001 BVP
Hans Westphal (1945-) 2001 2007 FBBP
Gudrun Senf (1946-) 2007 2012 FBBP
Rupert Bödermann (1954-2023) 2012 2022 BVP
Barbara Schröder (1966-) 2022 Incumbent BVP

Historical composition

  KPB
  PBL
  SDU
  FPB
  GPB
  FBBP
  DB
  CPB
  Liberal Citizen's/LBB
  BVP
  BDP
  BKP
  BELP
  NBP
  BRP
  BBU
  BNVP
  BNU-East
1920
20 51 13 6 56 29 4 22 10
1924
15 49 15 48 52 21 11
1928
17 51 45 74 24
1932
14 43 26 110 18
1936
11 48 35 97 20
1940
48 51 88 24
1944
50 75 66 20
1948
53 81 58 19
1952
56 75 62 18
1956
55 78 61 17
1960
67 43 72 29
1964
76 41 68 26
1968
132 74 29 128 27 37
1972
98 77 181 25 46
1976
95 108 174 50
1980
69 144 26 141 47
1981
73 153 27 129 45
1985
95 176 28 91 37
1989
70 179 33 145
1993
53 124 65 153 32
1997
57 114 61 156 39
2001
23 62 153 32 115 42
2005
25 61 43 137 115 46
2009
40 57 45 128 106 51
2012
32 73 36 101 142 43
2016
36 58 40 111 133 23 26
2020
39 58 42 108 139 41
2021
45 65 47 90 137 43

Timeline

Elections

In Besmenia, Federal Chamber elections are referred to as Bundeskammerwahl. Due to the equal, direct, personal, free and secret suffrage of men and women who have reached the age of 16 on the day of the election (since 2021; previously the age of 18), the Besmenian population will elect 443 members (deputies) according to the principles of proportional representation chosen. The elections using open list proportional representation in 165 multi-member constituencies. The number of members to be returned from each constituency varies between 1 and 7. Eligible for election are those entitled to vote in the Federal Chamber who have Besmenian citizenship on the key date and have reached the age of 18 on the day of the election. The conduct and administration of the elections to the Federal Chamber is the responsibility of the electoral authorities, which are formed before each election. There is a 5% hurdle in the election. The first session of the newly elected Federal Chamber always takes place 20 days after the election.

Latest election

Main article: 2021 Besmenian federal election
BFC2021-2025new.png
Party Votes % Seats
Besmenian People's Party 17,775,672 30,8 137
Free Besmenian Citizen's Party 11,658,071 20,2 90
Social Democratic Union 8,426,130 14,6 65
Green Party of Besmenia 6,175,314 10,7 47
Party of the Besmenian Left 5,829,035 10,1 45
National Besmenian Party 5,540,469 9,6 43
Other parties 2,193,102 3,8 0
Invalid/blank votes 115,426 0,2 –
Total 57,713,219 100 427
Registered voters/turnout 62,832,132 93,9 –

It should be noted that the election took place before the accession of Palingia and the associated enlargement of the Federal Chamber.

Distribution of Federal Chamber seats by state

Bundeskammer Sitzverteilung neu.png
State Seats
Sedakania 69
Maurenmark 49
Summingia 43
Laitstadt 33
Greuningia 32
Lemberland 31
Tergau 31
Zollingia 29
Neidenstein-Sulzburg 27
Jakartaburg 26
Metakumburg 25
Gablitz 16
Frankenburg 16
Palingia 16

List of Federal Chamber sessions since 1920

Session Election Seats Government
1. 1920 211 BDP-SDU majority
2. 1924 211 BVP-SDU majority
3. 1928 211 BVP-SDU majority
4. 1932 211 BVP majority
5. 1936 211 BVP-SDU majority
6. 1940 211 BVP-LBB majority
7. 1944 211 LBB-BVP majority
8. 1948 211 LBB-SDU majority
9. 1952 211 LBB-SDU majority
10. 1956 211 BVP-SDU majority
11. 1960 211 BVP-SDU majority
12. 1964 211 SDU-BVP majority
13. 1968 427 SDU-BVP majority
14. 1972 427 BVP-BRP majority
15. 1976 427 BVP-BRP majority
16. 1980 427 FBBP-SDU minority
17. 1981 427 FBBP-SDU majority
18. 1985 427 FBBP-SDU majority
19. 1989 427 FBBP-SDU majority
20. 1993 427 BVP-GPB majority
21. 1997 427 BVP-GPB majority
22. 2001 427 FBBP-SDU majority
23. 2005 427 FBBP-BVP majority
24. 2009 427 FBBP-BVP majority
25. 2012 427 BVP-SDU majority
26. 2016 427 BVP-FBBP majority
27. 2020 427 BVP-FBBP majority
28. 2021 427 BVP-SDU-GPB majority
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