Zhoushi language: Difference between revisions

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The language has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages slavic root and grammar], however, unlike other slavic languages, has 8 grammatical cases (other have 7 or 6). Also, there are about 700 Zhengian words in present day Zhoushi language, they are declined using Bogmian grammar. Old Zhengian, having been descendant out of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages Prei-Phnom languages], was slowly assimilated into Slavic grammar, having transformed into Slavic Zhengian. Because of the Zhengian accents profilerating, Zhoushi language has 40 unique phonemes, 2 of which are exclusive to Zhoushi language (those are voiced and voiceless Ꝛ).
The language has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages slavic root and grammar], however, unlike other slavic languages, has 8 grammatical cases (other have 7 or 6). Also, there are about 700 Zhengian words in present day Zhoushi language, they are declined using Bogmian grammar. Old Zhengian, having been descendant out of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages Prei-Phnom languages], was slowly assimilated into Slavic grammar, having transformed into Slavic Zhengian. Because of the Zhengian accents profilerating, Zhoushi language has 40 unique phonemes, 2 of which are exclusive to Zhoushi language (those are voiced and voiceless Ꝛ).
===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
After the reform of 1912, when Bogmian language officially abandoned [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_alphabet Protopolyash script] in favor of the new [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet Latin script], hoping to solve the problematic grammar, as multiple phonemes shared one symbol (such as "i" and "j" were both noted as "ⲓ") Three official versions of the new script had been made:<br>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme Grapheme] version: This version was later adopted as the official alphabet of the new Zhoushi language in 1984, uses special symbols for each phoneme
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacritic Diacritic] version: This version uses basic latin alphabet and solves the phonemes by adding diacritic symbols. Although still being recognized as a acceptable version of the language, it is barely used.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digraph_(orthography) Digraph] version: This version uses digraphs to sign specifical phonemes. It was dropped in early 1950's, as it didn't solve the main reason why Bogmians abandoned the Protopolyash script in the first place.
Zhoushi, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabic_consonant syllabic consonants]. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in pre-1950's unification proposals and didn't make it into the official grammar of 1984.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="2"|Official Zhoushi alphabet
!colspan="2"|Official (Grapheme) version
! Latinised Zhoushi alphabet
! Diacritic version
! {{H:title|Digraph version|This version was dropped in 1950's}}
! IPA Symbol
! IPA Symbol
! Example of a english word with the sound
! Example of a english word with the sound
|-
|-
| 1
| 1
| A a
| A a
| A a
| A a
| A a
| /a/
| /a/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg '''A'''fter]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PR-open_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg '''A'''fter]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|{{H:title|<span style="color: #C30000">✘</span>|
One of the dropped characters}}
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ꜳ ꜳ
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Á á
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Aa aa
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|/aː/
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|'''A'''sk
|-
|-
| 2
| 2
| B b
| B b
| B b
| B b
| B b
Line 109: Line 125:
|-
|-
| 3
| 3
| C c
| C c
| C c
| C c
| C c
Line 117: Line 134:
| Ч ч
| Ч ч
| Č č
| Č č
| Cz cz
| /t͡ʃ/
| /t͡ʃ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''Ch'''eck]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''Ch'''eck]
|-
|-
| 5
| 5
| D d
| D d
| D d
| D d
| D d
Line 129: Line 148:
| Đ đ
| Đ đ
| Ď ď
| Ď ď
| Dj Dj
| /ɟ/
| /ɟ/
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiced palatal plosive (not in english)]''
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiced palatal plosive (not in english)]''
Line 135: Line 155:
| Ƌ ƌ
| Ƌ ƌ
| D́ d́
| D́ d́
| Dz dz
| /d͡z/
| /d͡z/
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga Voiced alveolar affricate (not in english)]''
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant_affricate.oga Voiced alveolar affricate (not in english)]''
|-
|-
| 8
| 8
| E e
| E e
| E e
| E e
| E e
| /ɛ/
| /ɛ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (General American accent)]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (General American accent)]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|{{H:title|<span style="color: #C30000">✘</span>|
One of the dropped characters}}
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ѥ ѥ
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|É é
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ee ee
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|/ɛː/
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|'''Ai'''r
|-
|-
| 9
| 9
| Є є
| Є є
| Ě ě
| Ě ě
| Je je
| /e/
| /e/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (Australian accent)]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''e'''d (Australian accent)]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|{{H:title|<span style="color: #C30000">✘</span>|
One of the dropped characters}}
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Э э
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|È è
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Jee jee
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|/eː/
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|''Not in english''
|-
|-
| 10
| 10
| F f
| F f
| F f
| F f
| F f
Line 157: Line 197:
|-
|-
| 11
| 11
| G g
| G g
| G g
| G g
| G g
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| Г г
| Г г
| Ǧ ǧ
| Ǧ ǧ
| Dj dj
| /d͡ʒ/
| /d͡ʒ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''J'''am]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate.ogg '''J'''am]
|-
|-
| 13
| 13
| H h
| H h
| H h
| H h
| H h
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| Ȝ ȝ
| Ȝ ȝ
| Ȟ ȟ
| Ȟ ȟ
| Ch ch
| /ɣ/ /x/
| /ɣ/ /x/
| Velar fricative (not in english: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg Voiceless], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg Voiced])
| Velar fricative (not in english: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_velar_fricative.ogg Voiceless], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_velar_fricative.ogg Voiced])
|-
|-
| 15
| 15
| I i
| I i
| I i
| I i
| I i
| /i/ /ɪ/
| /i/ /ɪ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg Fr'''ee'''] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''t (General American)]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Close_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg Fr'''ee'''] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel.ogg B'''i'''t (General American)]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|{{H:title|<span style="color: #C30000">✘</span>|
One of the dropped characters}}
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|I i
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Í í
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ii ii
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|/iː/ /ɪː/
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Wh'''ee'''l
|-
|-
| 16
| 16
| J j  
| J j  
| J j
| J j
| J j
| /j/
| /j/
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|-
|-
| 17
| 17
| K k
| K k
| K k
| K k
| K k
Line 201: Line 256:
| L l
| L l
| L l
| L l
|rowspan="2"|L l
| /l/
| /l/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg '''L'''ater]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg '''L'''ater]
|-
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|{{H:title|<span style="color: #C30000">✘</span>|
One of the dropped characters}}
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ł ł
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|Ĺ ĺ
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|/l̩/
|bgcolor=#FFD4D4|''Not in english''
|-
|-
| 19
| 19
| Λ λ
| Λ λ
| Ľ ľ
| Ľ ľ
| Lj lj
| /ȴ/
| /ȴ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg Mi'''lli'''on]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_lateral_approximant.ogg Mi'''lli'''on]
|-
|-
| 20
| 20
| M m
| M m
| M m
| M m
| M m
Line 217: Line 282:
|-
|-
| 21
| 21
| N n
| N n
| N n
| N n
| N n
Line 225: Line 291:
| Ƞ ƞ
| Ƞ ƞ
| Ň ň
| Ň ň
| Nj nj
| /ɲ/
| /ɲ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_nasal.ogg '''N'''ew]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palatal_nasal.ogg '''N'''ew]
|-
|-
| 23
| 23
| O o
| O o
| O o
| O o
| O o
Line 237: Line 305:
| Ө ө
| Ө ө
| Ǒ ǒ
| Ǒ ǒ
| Uo uo<br>Ou ou
| /u͡o/
| /u͡o/
| ''Not in english. Examples is for example Ô''
| ''Not in english. Examples is for example Ô''
|-
|-
| 25
| 25
| P p
| P p
| P p
| P p
| P p
Line 247: Line 317:
|-
|-
| 26
| 26
| Q q
| Q q
| Q q
| Q q
| Q q
Line 253: Line 324:
|-
|-
| 27
| 27
| R r
| R r
| R r
| R r
| R r
Line 261: Line 333:
| Ꝛ ꝛ
| Ꝛ ꝛ
| Ř ř
| Ř ř
| Rz rz
| /r̝/ /r̝̊/
| /r̝/ /r̝̊/
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raised_alveolar_non-sonorant_trill.ogg Voiced and voiceless alveolar fricative trills (not in english)]''
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raised_alveolar_non-sonorant_trill.ogg Voiced and voiceless alveolar fricative trills (not in english)]''
|-
|-
| 29
| 29
| S s
| S s
| S s
| S s
| S s
Line 273: Line 347:
| Ш ш
| Ш ш
| Š š
| Š š
| Sz sz
| /ʃ/
| /ʃ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''Sh'''ow]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg '''Sh'''ow]
|-
|-
| 31
| 31
| T t
| T t
| T t
| T t
| T t
Line 285: Line 361:
| Ꞇ ꞇ
| Ꞇ ꞇ
| Ť ť
| Ť ť
| Tj tj
| /c/
| /c/
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiceless palatal plosive (not in english)]''
| ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_plosive.ogg Voiceless palatal plosive (not in english)]''
Line 291: Line 368:
| Þ þ
| Þ þ
| T́ t́
| T́ t́
| Th th
| /ð/ /θ/
| /ð/ /θ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg '''Th'''is] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg '''Th'''in]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_dental_fricative.ogg '''Th'''is] / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_fricative.ogg '''Th'''in]
|-
|-
| 34
| 34
| U u
| U u
| U u
| U u
| U u
Line 301: Line 380:
|-
|-
| 35
| 35
| V v
| V v
| V v
| V v
| V v
Line 308: Line 388:
| 36
| 36
| Ƿ ƿ
| Ƿ ƿ
| W w
| W w
| W w
| /w/
| /w/
Line 313: Line 394:
|-
|-
| 37
| 37
| X x
| X x
| X x
| X x
| X x
Line 319: Line 401:
|-
|-
| 38
| 38
| Y y
| Y y
| Y y
| Y y
| Y y
Line 325: Line 408:
|-
|-
| 39
| 39
| Z z
| Z z
| Z z
| Z z
| Z z
Line 333: Line 417:
| З з
| З з
| Ž ž
| Ž ž
| Zh zh
| /ʒ/
| /ʒ/
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg Plea'''s'''ure]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant.ogg Plea'''s'''ure]
|}
|}
Zhoushi, although not officially using it, sometimes uses lenghtened marks for vowels and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabic_consonant syllabic consonants]. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in pre-1950's unification proposals and didn't make it into the official grammar:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! N
! N
Line 343: Line 427:
! IPA Symbol
! IPA Symbol
! Example of a english word with the sound
! Example of a english word with the sound
|-
| 1x
| Ꜳ ꜳ
| Á á
| /aː/
| '''A'''sk
|-
| 2x
| Ѥ ѥ
| É é
| /ɛː/
| '''Ai'''r
|-
| 3x
| Э э
| È è
| /eː/
| ''Not in english''
|-
| 4x
| I i
| Í í
| /iː/ /ɪː/
| Wh'''ee'''l
|-
| 5x
| Ł ł
| Ĺ ĺ
| /l̩/
| ''Not in english''
|-
|-
| 6x
| 6x

Revision as of 16:57, 21 December 2020

Zhoushi language
Neo-Bogmian, Bogmo-Zhengian
Зөшinчina
Pronunciation/ʒu͡oʃɪnt͡ʃina/
Native to Mustelaria
└→ Zhousheng
RegionSlavic Belt in Thuadia
EthnicityZhoushi Slavs
Native speakers
L1: 110,985,000
L2: 12,532,000
FL: 7,230,000
Standard forms
Great Corpus of the New Zhoushi language
Dialects
  • Central Bogmian
  • Bogmo-Zhengian
  • Zhengian
  • Transmountain
  • Haldenian
  • Mosterec Bogmian
  • Louzen-Bogmian
  • Velpan-Bogmian
Modified Latin alphabet
Official status
Official language in
 Mustelaria
└→ Zhousheng
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1ZS
ISO 639-2ZSG
ISO 639-3ZSG
ZhoushiLangMap.png
Distribution of the language
  Absolute majority
  >30% of native speakers
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Zhoushi language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a official language of Zhousheng and a official federal language in Mustelaria along with Belgorian and Neo-Mustelarian

Introduction

The language has a slavic root and grammar, however, unlike other slavic languages, has 8 grammatical cases (other have 7 or 6). Also, there are about 700 Zhengian words in present day Zhoushi language, they are declined using Bogmian grammar. Old Zhengian, having been descendant out of Prei-Phnom languages, was slowly assimilated into Slavic grammar, having transformed into Slavic Zhengian. Because of the Zhengian accents profilerating, Zhoushi language has 40 unique phonemes, 2 of which are exclusive to Zhoushi language (those are voiced and voiceless Ꝛ).

Alphabet

After the reform of 1912, when Bogmian language officially abandoned Protopolyash script in favor of the new Latin script, hoping to solve the problematic grammar, as multiple phonemes shared one symbol (such as "i" and "j" were both noted as "ⲓ") Three official versions of the new script had been made:

  • Grapheme version: This version was later adopted as the official alphabet of the new Zhoushi language in 1984, uses special symbols for each phoneme
  • Diacritic version: This version uses basic latin alphabet and solves the phonemes by adding diacritic symbols. Although still being recognized as a acceptable version of the language, it is barely used.
  • Digraph version: This version uses digraphs to sign specifical phonemes. It was dropped in early 1950's, as it didn't solve the main reason why Bogmians abandoned the Protopolyash script in the first place.

Zhoushi, although not officially using it, sometimes used lenghtened marks for vowels and syllabic consonants. Those symbols were used in some historical transcripts, but were eventually faded in pre-1950's unification proposals and didn't make it into the official grammar of 1984.

Official (Grapheme) version Diacritic version This version was dropped in 1950's IPA Symbol Example of a english word with the sound
1 A a A a A a /a/ After
{{{2}}} Ꜳ ꜳ Á á Aa aa /aː/ Ask
2 B b B b B b /b/ Label
3 C c C c C c /t͡s/ Cicada
4 Ч ч Č č Cz cz /t͡ʃ/ Check
5 D d D d D d /d/ Done
6 Đ đ Ď ď Dj Dj /ɟ/ Voiced palatal plosive (not in english)
7 Ƌ ƌ D́ d́ Dz dz /d͡z/ Voiced alveolar affricate (not in english)
8 E e E e E e /ɛ/ Bed (General American accent)
{{{2}}} Ѥ ѥ É é Ee ee /ɛː/ Air
9 Є є Ě ě Je je /e/ Bed (Australian accent)
{{{2}}} Э э È è Jee jee /eː/ Not in english
10 F f F f F f /f/ Fine
11 G g G g G g /g/ Game
12 Г г Ǧ ǧ Dj dj /d͡ʒ/ Jam
13 H h H h H h /h/ Hello
14 Ȝ ȝ Ȟ ȟ Ch ch /ɣ/ /x/ Velar fricative (not in english: Voiceless, Voiced)
15 I i I i I i /i/ /ɪ/ Free / Bit (General American)
{{{2}}} I i Í í Ii ii /iː/ /ɪː/ Wheel
16 J j J j J j /j/ You
17 K k K k K k /k/ Key
18 L l L l L l /l/ Later
{{{2}}} Ł ł Ĺ ĺ /l̩/ Not in english
19 Λ λ Ľ ľ Lj lj /ȴ/ Million
20 M m M m M m /m/ Mother
21 N n N n N n /n/ Month
22 Ƞ ƞ Ň ň Nj nj /ɲ/ New
23 O o O o O o /o/ /ɔ/ Yawn / Not
24 Ө ө Ǒ ǒ Uo uo
Ou ou 		/u͡o/ Not in english. Examples is for example Ô
25 P p P p P p /p/ Play
26 Q q Q q Q q /k͡v/ A bigram of /k/ and /v/, for example in Question
27 R r R r R r /r/ Bright
28 Ꝛ ꝛ Ř ř Rz rz /r̝/ /r̝̊/ Voiced and voiceless alveolar fricative trills (not in english)
29 S s S s S s /s/ Surprise
30 Ш ш Š š Sz sz /ʃ/ Show
31 T t T t T t /t/ Time
32 Ꞇ ꞇ Ť ť Tj tj /c/ Voiceless palatal plosive (not in english)
33 Þ þ T́ t́ Th th /ð/ /θ/ This / Thin
34 U u U u U u /u/ Boot
35 V v V v V v /v/ Valve
36 Ƿ ƿ W w W w /w/ Weep
37 X x X x X x /k͡s/ A bigram of [k] and [s], for example in Maximal
38 Y y Y y Y y /ɨ/ Lip (London accent)
39 Z z Z z Z z /z/ ZOO
40 З з Ž ž Zh zh /ʒ/ Pleasure
N Official Zhoushi alphabet Latinised Zhoushi alphabet IPA Symbol Example of a english word with the sound
6x Л л L̀ l̀ /ȴ̩/ Not in english
7x Ꝏ ꝏ Ó ó /oː/ /ɔː/ Not in english
8x Ꝋ ꝋ Ò ò /u͡oː/ Not in english
9x Ԗ ԗ Ŕ ŕ /r̩/ Not in english
10x Ɯ ɯ Ú ú /uː/ Doom
11x Ү ү Ý ý /ɨː/ Not in english
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