Vealphk language: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%" | |||
!style="border-bottom:none; width: 60px; padding-bottom:0; text-align:right;"|[[wikipedia:Place of articulation|Place]] → | |||
!colspan="5"|[[wikipedia:Labial consonant|Labial]] | |||
!colspan="10"|[[wikipedia:Coronal consonant|Coronal]] | |||
!colspan="5"|[[wikipedia:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] | |||
!colspan="4"|[[wikipedia:Laryngeal consonant|Laryngeal]] | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 style="border-top:none; width: 60px; padding-top:0; text-align:center;"|'''[[wikipedia:Manner of articulation|Manner]] ↓ | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Linguolabial consonant|Linguolabial]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Dental consonant|Dental]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postal-veolar]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Palatal consonant|Platal]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Uvular consonant|Uvular]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]] | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2"|'''[[wikipedia:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Plosive|Plosive]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|g]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular plosive|q]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Glottal stop|ʔ]]</big>''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Sibilant|Sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate#Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|ʦ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate#Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|ʣ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ʧ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|ʤ]]</big>--> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|tʂ]]</big><!-- ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|ʈʂ]]</big>--> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|dʐ]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|ɖʐ]]</big>--> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|ʨ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|ʥ]]</big>--> | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Non-[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Sibilant|Sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Fricative|fricative]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilants|s]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative#Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex fricative|ʐ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]]</big> | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Non-[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Fricative|fricative]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Tap and flap consonants|Tap/Flap]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar tap and flap|ɾ̥]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Voiced alveolar tap and flap|ɾ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill#Voiceless alveolar fricative trill|r̝̊]]</big>''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar fricative trill|r̝]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Fricative|fricative]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Approximant|approximant]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ȴ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar lateral approximant|ʟ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Tap and flap consonants|tap/flap]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
<!--|style="border-right:none; padding-right:0;"| | |||
|style="border-left:none; padding-left:0;"| | |||
|style="border-right:none; padding-right:0;"|<big>[[wikipedia:]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; padding-left:0;"|<big>[[wikipedia:]]</big>--> | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="background:transparent;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%" | |||
!style="border-bottom:none; padding-bottom:0; text-align:right;"|{{Hover title|Tongue position|Front-back}} → | |||
!bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2" rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
!bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Near-[[wikipedia:Front vowel|front]] | |||
!bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2" rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
!bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Near-[[wikipedia:Back vowel|back]] | |||
!bgcolor=#EAECF0 colspan="2" rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0 style="border-top:none; padding-top:0; text-align:center;"|'''{{Hover title|Tongue position|Up-down}} ↓ | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|colspan="2"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]</big> | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|colspan="2"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]</big> | |||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|ɒ]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]] | |||
|colspan="10"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Vowel length|Long vowels]] | |||
|colspan="10"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]]</big>''' | |||
|} | |||
'''<big>Bold</big>''' ''are the common sounds, while'' <big>regular</big> ''sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation | |||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
TBA | TBA |
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Vealphk language | |
---|---|
Velpan language | |
Vaʒ’incky jәzyk | |
Pronunciation | /vaʒʔintskɨː‐jəzɨk/ |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Vealphk |
Native speakers | L1: L2: FL: |
Thuado-Thrismaran languages
| |
Modified Latin alphabet | |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | VH |
ISO 639-2 | VPH |
ISO 639-3 | VPH |
File:VealphkLangMap.png Distribution of the language Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
Vealphk language is a Slavic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a minority language spoken in mountainous parts of the Ukadsk Region of Zhousheng and the Dei Neak in Prei Meas
Introduction
The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong preimeai influences, which helped to develop its vocabulary, phonology and multiple grammatical rules. Unlike other Slavic languages, Vealphk has integrated the inflection suffixes of all numbers into a single system and denotes the number by adding a prefix. Vealphk has four grammatical numbers (Singular, Dual, Paucal and Plural), and 8 Indo-European grammatical cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Locative, Instrumentative, Ablative & Vocative).
Alphabet
Aa /a ~ ɑ/ |
Bb /b/ |
Cc /ʦ/ |
Чч /ʧ ~ ʨ/ |
Dd /d/ |
Ðð /ð ~ tʰ/ |
Ee /ɛ ~ e/ |
Єє /ʲe/ |
Ff /f ~ pʰ/ |
Gg /g/ |
Hh /h ~ ɦ/ |
Ȝȝ /x ~ kʰ/ |
Ii /i/ |
Jj /j/ |
Kk /k/ |
Ll /l/ |
Mm /m ~ m̥/ |
Nn /n ~ ɳ/ |
Ɲɲ /ɲ/ |
Ŋŋ /ŋ/ |
Oo /o/ |
Өө /uo/ |
Pp /p/ |
Qq /kv ~ q/ |
Rr /r ~ r̥/ |
Ꝛꝛ /r̝ ~ r̝̊/ |
Ss /s/ |
Шш /ʃ ~ ɕ/ |
Әә /ə/ |
Tt /t/ |
Ꞇꞇ /c ~ cʰ/ |
Uu /u/ |
Vv /v/ |
Ƿƿ /w ~ ʋ/ |
Xx /ks/ |
Yy /ɨ/ |
Zz /z/ |
Ʒʒ /ʒ ~ ʑ/ |
’ /ʔ/ |
Phonology
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manner ↓ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Platal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
Nasal | m̥ | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | g | q | ʔ | ||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ʦ | ʣ | ʧ | tʂ | ʨ | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | ||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | θ | ð | ʝ | x | χ | h | ɦ | |||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tap/Flap | ɾ̥ | ɾ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r̥ ~ r̝̊ | r ~ r̝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar approximant | l | ȴ | ʟ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar tap/flap |
Front-back → | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Up-down ↓ | ||||||||||
Close | i | ɨ | u | |||||||
Near-close | ɪ | |||||||||
Close-mid | e | o | ||||||||
Mid | ə | |||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |||||||
Near-open | ||||||||||
Open | a | ɑ | ɒ | |||||||
Diphthong | a͡u ~ ɛ͡u ~ e͡u ~ o͡u ~ ɔ͡u ~ u͡o ~ u͡ɔ ~ a͡e ~ a͡i | |||||||||
Long vowels | aː ~ ɛː ~ eː ~ iː ~ ɪː ~ oː ~ ɔː ~ ə ~ uː ~ ɨː |
Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
Nouns
TBA
Adjectives
BTA
Pronouns
TBA
Numbers
TBA
Verbs
TBA
Adverbs
TBA