Ulich metro

Ulich Metro

Overview
Native name	Улический метрополитен
Owner	Government of Ulich
Locale	Ulich cities of Efimovo, Lyubimovo, Muravyovo, Lefordovo - within Ulich-city cities of Bogdanovo, Sovetsk, Zhdanovo - within Ulich Oblast Dulebia
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	21 (including Zhdanovo AeroExpress and the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail, excluding Ulich Outer Diameter)
Number of stations	319 329 (including 10 stations of the Zhdanovo AeroExpress)
Daily ridership	(average) 3.117 million
Annual ridership	2.7 billion (2018)
Chief executive	Stepan Radonetsky
Website	http://ulmetro.db/
Operation
Began operation	31 January 1909 (1909-01-31)
Operator(s)	Rapido DB
Headway	Peak hours: 3-4 minutes Off-peak: 6-12 minutes
Technical
System length	417.9 km (259.7 mi) 445.7 km (276.9 mi) including Zhdanovo AeroExpress and Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail
Track gauge	1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in)
Electrification	825 V DC third rail, 3 kV DC overhead line
Average speed	36.25 km/h (22.52 mph)
System map

The Ulich Metro (Dulebian: Улический Метрополитен, Ulichesky Metropoliten) is a rapid transit system serving the capital of Dulebia, the city of Ulich, as well as the neighbouring cities of Efimovo, Lyubimovo, Muravyovo and Lefordovo within the Ulich-City District, and the cities of Bogdanovo, Sovetsk and Zhdanovo, located in the Ulich Oblast. The system was opened in 1909, with one line running along the river Dnistr (currently part of Zhdanovskaya Line), connecting then eastern Ulich with the suburban town of Sorokino, with 9 stations in total. The system is thus the oldest underground urban railway system created in Dulebia, and one of the oldest in Berea. As of 2020, the Ulich metro system has a total length of 445.7 km (276.9 mi) including Zhdanovo AeroExpress and Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail, and 329 stations in total. The system has the most number of stations in the world, and is the longest underground railway system currently operational. The system has underground, overground, ground-level and semi-underground stations, as well as multi-level stations at line intersections. The deepest section is located at the Hotel Dulebia transfer hub, where 3 stations are located beneath the ground, with the deepest (Hotel Dulebia station on Sovetskaya Line) being 89 metres below ground-level. The Ulich metro is the second-busiest metro system in the world by annual ridership. Due to its rich history, the metro has examples from numerous architectural styles popular in Dulebia throughout the 20th century, with its oldest stations being build in revivalist style, with examples of Art Deco, Avant-Garde, Brutalist, Constructivist, Socialist Classicism and Neomodern and Neofuturist architecture along different lines and stations. This makes the Ulich metro a popular tourist attraction, and many name it as the trademark of the city itself.

Operations

Infrastructure

The Ulich metro operates as a fully state-owned enterprise. The system has a total length of 445.7 km (276.9 mi). It consists of 329 stations, and is organized in a spoke-hub distribution paradigm, which means that most lines spreading radially from the city centre to the outskirts of the city, with several lines serving as short connections between bigger lines. Line M10 forms a 21 km long circle in the center of the city which gave it the name Ulich Central Diameter line, connecting with the majority of the lines in the system and having some of the most overloaded stations in the whole metro. The majority of the stations are underground, however, there also ground level and elevated stations in various parts of the system. The Ulich-Zhdanovo is the only completely-elevated line, and the one with the smallest number of stations (two).

Railways

The Ulich metro uses the standard Dulebian gauge of 1,520 millimetres (60 in), similar to other Dulebian railway systems. Electricity is supplied by an underrunning third rail with a supply of 825 V DC, with the exception of the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail. The average distance between stations is 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi); while the shortest section is 673 metres (1,647 ft) long and the longest is 20.7-kilometre (12.9 mi), the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail. The average speed of the trains in the system is 36.25 km/h (22.52 mph), with the highest speeds being achieved on the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail - 105-kilometre-per-hour (65 mph).

Depots

Almost every line of the system is equipped with at least one depot, with some of the longest lines having as many as three depots. The depots are located in the following locations, and serve the following lines:

• Hadarkovskaya street, Lyubech
• Gurkovskaya street, Children's Palace of Arts, Kombinat
• Milyukovskaya street, Sorokino
• Sovetskaya street, Odintsovo
• Marshalova street, Birulyovo
• Kashtanovskaya street, Lipovo
• Belomorsky park, Savyelevka
• Ramensky railway station, Kommunarka
• Severopolskoye depot
• Magistrsky railway station, Leonovskoe boulevard, Pobeda
• Malyshevskoye depot
• Efimovo depot
• Putilovsky railway station, Kupechesky
• Mirny monorail depot, Zhdanovo, Ulich City
• Ulich Zhdanovo airport train depot

Rolling stock

Imperial period

• 

  Kurganets-type

• 

  Muromets-type

• 

  Bogatyr-type

Early post-civil war period

• 

  Muromets-type

• 

  Type M8/712-135

1940-1960

• 

  Type M8/712-135

• 

  Type M10/843-135

• 

  Type M12/852-135

• 

  Type M12/857-135

Late socialist period

• 

  Type M12/852-135

• 

  Type M15/865-135

• 

  Type M15/872-135

• 

  Type M18/887-135

Modern era

• 

  Lastochka M20/8001-135

• 

  Molnia M24/8003-135

• 

  Iskra T40

Lines

As of 2020, the Ulich metro consists of 21 operational lines, including the Zhdanovo AeroExpress and Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail. Each of the lines is assigned its own colour and number, as well as a name. The lines are usually named after the districts their construction started at (e.g. Zhdanovskaya Line is named after the district of Zhdanovo (not to be confused with the city of Zhdanovo in Ulich Oblast) in northeastern Ulich, with its historical name, Sorokinskaya, being dropped in 1992), however, there are several exceptions: some lines are either named after their function (Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail), location and shape (Ulich central diameter), or have historical names (Sovetskaya Line). One line in the system did not receive its unique colour (Buryanovskaya Line), and one did not receive its own bullet (Zhdanovo AeroExpress).

The upcoming station is announced on the train by a female voice before departure, and the last station of the line is announced before arrival of the train by male voice on the station. The metro system offers direct connection to several bus lines to the three passenger airports of Ulich, transfers to some of the commuter rail, and a direct connection to Ulich Zhdanovo International Airport and its inter-terminal railway.

Color	Line Bullet	Name	Original name	Connections	First opened	Stations	Length km
Red		Zhdanovskaya Line	Ждановская Линия	Zhdanovskoe Shosse to Molodyozhnaya to Hotel Dulebia to Kryukovo to	31 January, 1909	38	TBA
Blue		Kravtsovskaya Line	Кравцовская Линия	Sadovaya Square to Spassovsky Sobor to Kerchevsky Library to Planetary to Mytishchi to Birulyovo to Beryozki to Kravtsovo to	11 March, 1926	26	TBA
Yellow		Belogorodskaya Line	Белогородская Линия	Belogorodskaya to Severny Prospekt to Proletarsky Dvor to Vasilevsky Dvorets to Vnukovo to Pionerskaya to	22 May, 1934	28	TBA
Gold		Sokolnicheskaya Line	Сокольническая Линия	Belogorodskaya to Severny Prospekt to	1 April, 1986	9	TBA
Orange		Pionerskaya Line	Пионерская Линия	Faculty of Philosophy to Stahanovka to Pionerskaya to Lesnaya to Mytishchi to Kryukovo to Pionerskaya to Petrovsky Prospekt to Bolotnaya to	25 December, 1942	28	TBA
Green		Sovetskaya Line	Советская Линия	Kommunarka to Vasilevsky Dvorets to Pavlovo to Lesnaya to Mytishchi to Kryukovo to Pionerskaya to Spassovsky Sobor to Ivolzhskaya to Hotel Dulebia to Peredelkino to	1 September, 1931	38	TBA
Dark green		Osetovskaya Line	Осетовская Линия	Kommunarka to	11 November, 1996	6	TBA
Lime green		Perlovskaya Line	Перловская Линия	Peredelkino to	16 March, 2004	7	TBA
Teal		Lefordskaya Line	Лефордская Линия	Internatsionalnaya to Dargorod to Faculty of Philosophy to Shchyukinskaya to	3 October, 1947	23	TBA
Teal		Buryanovskaya Line	Буряновская Линия	Internatsionalnaya to Dargorod to	2 July, 2017	7	TBA
Turquoise		Shchyukinskaya Line	Щукинская Линия	Shchyukinskaya to	26 May, 2009	6	TBA
Brown		Stahanovskaya Line	Стахановская Линия	Obryadino to Stahanovka to	3 February, 1972	9	TBA
Silver		Dnistrovskaya Line	Днистровская Линия	Obryadino to Mariyno to Druzhnaya to Kerchevsky Library to Ivolzhskaya to Lehmanskaya to Reznovskaya to Juridical Faculty to Yuzhny Prospekt to	11 December, 1953	34	TBA
Dark brown		Central Diameter	Центральный Диаметр	Sadovaya Square to Proletarsky Dvor to Pavlovo to Druzhnaya to Planetary to Hotel Dulebia to Lehmanskaya to Tsarskoselskaya to	3 June, 1964	8	TBA
Purple		Stolichnaya Line	Столичная Линия	Tsarskoselskaya to	March, 1987	13	TBA
Bordeaux		Malyshevskaya Line	Малышевская Линия	Maryino to Lesnaya to Bukovskaya to	7 October, 1975	12	TBA
Pink		Bukovskaya Line	Буковская Линия	Bukovskaya to Business Centre Ulich-South to EXPO Ulich to	26 November, 1989	6	TBA
Light blue		Birulyovskaya Line	Бирулевская Линия	EXPO Ulich to Business Centre Ulich-South to Birulyovo to Beryozki to Kravtsovo to	26 November, 1989	9	TBA
Light green		Molodyozhnaya Line	Молодежная Линия	Bolotnaya to Molodyozhnaya to Reznovskaya to Juridical Faculty to Yuzhny Prospekt to	21 May, 1969	10	TBA
White+pink		Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail	Монорельс Улич - Жданово	Zhdanovskoe Shosse to Terminal A to	31 August, 1999	2	TBA
Dark pink		Zhdanovo AeroExpress	Аэроэкспресс Жданово	Terminal A to	November-December 2006	10	TBA

Expansions

Map of the planned expansions of the Ulich metro system, with currently operational lines shown in grey.

Since the late 1990s the Ulich metro is experiencing rapit expansions throughout the whole system, on par with numerous renovation programmes. Between 1995 and 2000, the system received one brand new line with 6 stations in total, and the city was connected with the city airport in Zhdanovo via a fast monorail service. In the 2000s, another 3 lines were added to the system, including the Zhdanovo airport AeroExpress, the biggest inter-terminal railway in the world at the time of its completion. These three new lines added 23 stations to the whole system. The last major line opening happened in 2017, when a parallel segment was added to the Lefordskaya Line in northwestern Ulich, connecting some of the newly-constructed residential areas, a prestigious residential area and a Ditanist complex to the city's rapid transit system.

In addition to new line construction, the system has experienced rapid expansions of the existing lines since the beginning of the 21-st century, with the last major construction being the expansion of Lefordskaya Line to Nadezhda in 2016 and of Sokolnicheskaya Line from station Pionerskaya to Strogino.

In the past several years the City Municipality of Ulich has announced plans for several big expansions of the existing system, as well as the integration of some of the suburban commuter railways into the city's metro system as an outer diameter. As of 2020, the projects are at the following stages of completion:

Line	Plans	Expected cost	Project status	Expected number of stations	Expected track length km	Notes
M1A	Connection of Zhdanovskaya Line with the planned Ulich Outer Circle	Ћ1.9 billion	Undergoing public tender	7	TBA	None
M4A	Connection of Pionerskaya Line with the planned Ulich Outer Circle	unknown	Planning scheduled to begin in 2027	unknown	unknown	According to the currently available information on the project, the line will be constructed in the form of a monorail
M5A	Expansion of Osetovskaya Line to create links with the Lefordskaya Line, Dnistrovskaya Line and the planned Ulich Outer Circle	Ћ2.7 billion	Under construction	11	TBA	Construction began in December 2019. 10 of the 11 stations on the line are elevated. Expected date of opening: April 2022
M7	Expansion of Shchyukinskaya Line to connect with the planned Ulich Outer Circle, Belogorodskaya Line, and Malyshevskaya Line	Ћ3.1 billion	Construction to begin in 2024	12	TBA	None
M14	Expansion of Molodyozhnaya Line to connect with Stolichnaya Line and the planned Ulich Outer Circle	Ћ2.72 billion	Construction to begin in 2022	8	TBA	None
Ulich Outer Diameter First stage	Conversion of the existing Commuter rail ring of Ulich into a light rail system with its integration into the public transport system of the city as Ulich Outer Circle	Ћ16.9 billion	Undergoing renovation and preparation Conversion to begin in 2021	35	TBA	Conversion of the first stage to be completed in 2026
Ulich Outer Diameter Second stage	Renovation of the former Ulich Western Horde railway, construction of the Ulich Southern Horde and the following integration of both sectors into the public transport system of the city as Ulich Outer Circle	Ћ31 billion	Undergoing public tenders Renovation works to begin in 2030 Construction to begin in 2034	unknown	unknown	Second stage to be completed and fully integrated in 2040

Network structure

System map

Map of the Ulich metro, including Zhdanovo AeroExpress and Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail, as well as airport bus lines and notable commuter railways, as of 2020.

Travelling

Ticketing

One-day disposable ultralight card. It can be used for all types of mass transit in the city.

Since 2014, the Ulich metro switched completely to disposable ultralight plastic smart cards. The price for a single fare is set at Ћ2 ($0.90). Discounts are provided for students and eldery people. Each station is equipped with a box office at the entrance near the validators, and most stations also have automatic vending machines. Apart from that, up to 10 fares can be purchased via SMS from phones equipped with NFC technology SIM cards. Each card should be validated upon entry, and the validators have time-delay, with each card being unable to be validated for 15 minutes after the first validation.

Depending on the type of the ticket, it can have a set expiry time of 16 hours (1 trip and 1 day tickets) or set number of fares (regardless of the number of transfers during one trip, unless the user leaves the metro). The metro offers weekly, monthly, and yearly subscriptions. Disabled passengers can use their social cards to ride the metro for free. All stations also offer payment via contactless card or telephone transaction, in which case the SMS confirmation is used as warranty in case of inspection by an officer.

Since 2016, the metro also offers an electronic wallet card system to its passengers. The card can hold as much as Ћ500 and should be renovated only once per year. Apart from that, the city municipality began issuing magnetic cards for one-day, one-week and one-month fares on all types of mass transit within the city of Ulich, as well as the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail. Such cards can be purchased only on several stations, or at shopping centres and in selected banks.

Hours of operation and overnight service

Map of the night metro lines, with the night bus service lines shown.

The majority of the lines of the metro, as well as most of its stations, operate only between 5:25 in the morning until 00:45 after midnight. Since 2017, after a reform of the public transport act of Ulich, 5 of the metro lines and selected stations on them received an additional overnight work time, with night metro trains running between 1 a.m. and 5:10 a.m.

The night metro service consists of 5 lines in total, all based on existing lines. However, on each line only selected stations work. Passengers must obtain a separate ticket to ride the night metro. This ticket also grants access to the night bus service of the city, and the Ulich-Zhdanovo monorail service, which is open 24 hours. There is only one-ride ticket, which allows unlimited number of transfers for one night, and one month subscription, for which passengers receive a separate ultralight card that cannot be used during the day. The five lines serve different parts of the city, mostly in its northern, eastern and southern neighbourhoods, while the western portion of the city is operated only by three bus lines. The night metro lines are the following:

• M1 - the line follows the route of Zhdanovskaya Line, connecting northeastern Ulich with the city centre and the district of Sorokino in the southeast, but with only 23 operational stations instead 38 of the daytime line.
• M2 - the line follows the route of Kravtsovskaya Line, connecting Odintsovo in northern Ulich with the city centre and Kravtsovo in the south, with 18 operational stations compared to the 26 of the regular line.
• M3 - the line follows the route of Belogorodskaya Line, connecting Kommunarka with the city centre and southeastern Ulich, but has only 21 operational stations compared to the 28 of the regular line.
• M4 - the line follows the route of Pionerskaya Line, connecting the southwestern portion of the city with the eastern district of Muravyovo. The line has 17 operational stations compared to 28 of the regular line.
• M5 - the line follows the route of the Central Diameter, with 5 operational stations instead of 8 during regular service.

Accessability

The escalators at station Hotel Dulebia are considered one of the longest and steepest in the world

During the construction of the first nine stations of the system in 1909, accessibility was taken into consideration. All stations were equipped with several lifts, each being able to transport as many as 10 people. Lifts were staffed and decorated with cast iron ornaments. The number of lifts on each station varied, with station Imperskaya (currently named Rostokino), was equipped with 5 lifts, as it was expected that this station would see the most traffic. The Ulich metro was equipped with an escalator for the first time in 1912, when two were installed on station Parkovaya (now Hotel Dulebia), but were later demolished when the station saw its reconstruction under Soviet authority.

With the advent of the new Soviet architectural school, accessibility for disabled citizens was faded into the background, with the main focus being paid at monumentalist architectural forms and shapes. Early post-civil war stations in the system were built close to ground level, where Dulebian engineers evaluated the necessity of lifts and escalators as minimal. Stations were instead equipped with grand staircases made of marble or granite, and cumbersome metal constructions were viewed as unneeded and were also strongly opposed by both architects and officials. While with the progress of time stations were built deeper and deeper into the ground, escalators and even lifts were still widely opposed by most Dulebian architects working on the project, leading to situations when even major hubs like station Hotel Dulebia, a multi-level underground complex, was left without any back-up constructions for disabled citizens.

During the 1950s and 1960s, some major changes were implemented in the methods of construction of mass transit on the country. Complex decorations and expensive materials of the classicist era were substituted by basic, often cheap materials with little attention to detail, and a bigger focus on the functionality of the stations. During that era, stations for the first time started to receive escalators, and the presence of these constructions was standardized. Numerous old stations also received escalators. Lifts, however, were still a rare sight in the system, as they were both unreliable and required a big amount of energy and maintenance to operate daily. Even the old lifts on stations dating from the imperial period were removed. The biggest part of the system was built in the period between 1950 and 1989, and thus more than 70% of the stations in the system were opened without little-to-no lifts in their original projects.

Since 1990, Ulich metro has been undergoing a renovation process, with the main target of making it easier to access by citizens with limited mobility. At first, stations that were considered major hubs, then most transfer stations, and in the end stations that see major daily traffic were equipped with new elevators, escalators, and other systems. Still, currently, only two-thirds of the stations in the system have renovated accessibility systems, and less than the half can be considered wheelchair-accessible.

Design and architecture

Map and navigation

Vintage sign used since 1982

New sign design, introduced in 2017

See also

• Kamianets metro - underground system serving a major city of Dulebia

• Pokrovsk metro - underground system serving a major city of Dulebia

• Konopol metro - underground system serving a major city of Dulebia

• Dulebia - country in southern Erdara

External links

• High-resolution map