User:Mu/Sandbox 2
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Pre-History
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Human habitation was first recorded in Nuxica roughly around 11,000 to 12,000 BCE, when hunter-gatherers Native Asterians moved south from the area around modern-day Lake Taquetapa and settled in the foothills of the Macayne mountains in modern-day Jiquichuapa, Anavador, and Floretan provinces. Two different groups would come to settle in the region, the Yajä'i and Úuchmáa, with most tribes coming from these groups.
Tribes began to settle inland along the river Tepulas, eventually developing agriculture around maize, beans, various squashes, and chili peppers by 7,000 BCE. By 5,000 BCE, the people of the regions began to form large permanent settlements, began writing codified laws, formed a central religion, and developed a hierarchical society. The first recorded large scale civilization in the region was that of the Yaaxitaan, who created numerous cities and religious sites throughout the region, around 4,000 BCE. The Yaaxitaan were based primarily around the city of Xamaniqinqu, and from there began absorbing neighboring tribes into their Empire. Around this time other tribes also began developing their own empires, particularly the Nojochs who centered around the city of Chicahua.
The Yaaxitaan Empire began to decline by 2,000 BCE, being overtaken and later subsumed into the Nojochi Empire by 1,500 BCE. Most of the cultural traditions of the Yaaxitaan were also absorbed into the Nojochi culture and their religion adapted to fit into the existing mythology. The Nojochi Empire is believed to have incorporated the practice of human sacrifice into their religion, building massive pyramids, statues, monuments, and religious complexes throughout the regions under their control. They also constructed the first man-made canals, and introduced irrigation to the region.
The Nojochs were themselves conquered by the Meyaletuns by 200 BCE. Like the Yaaxitaan, much of the Nojoch culture and religion were absorbed into the larger Meyaletun culture. The Meyaletun Empire was the first to completely control the lands of modern-day Nuxica, largely via conflict and forcing subservient tribes to play fealty. They founded the city of Usucuilta, which would serve as both the administrative and religious center of their empire. The city was constructed, reconstructed, and expanded for over a thousand years, reaching its final size in 1179 CE. The Meyaletun Empire reached its height around this period, a height which would last until 1450 CE.
The death of the ruling emperor, Colop-U-Uichikin, without an heir in 1475 led for many within the imperial court to vie for the throne of the empire. This infighting, which also took religious significance, created massive rifts within the imperial government. Escalating into a civil war, the conflict wracked the land and greatly diminished the ability of the government to counter outside threats. The war ended in 1483, when the nobleman Xibalba seized power. The region was visited by Assim Asterias in 1488 and 1489 as part of his exploration of the Asterias, though besides meeting some tribes along the coast it is unknown how this affected the empire. Xibalba died in 1505, and was succeeded by his brother Xumucane. Xumucane imposed many reforms, such as codified taxes, an update of the existing laws, and developed an official bureaucratic structure to the empire. He died in 1543, and was succeeded by his son Ixmucane.
Colonization and Early History (1554-1XXX)
In 1553 the Duke of Remana, Leodogari II, ordered the explorer and navigator Miguel Andradas i Santmartí and Prosper Girabal i Formiguera to explore the western coastline of Asteria Superior for the purposes of potentially establishing a colony and trading post there, which would enable the Duchy to expand its reach to the Asterias and reap the wealth thought to lie within. Other colonies such as Nuovo Poveglia along with those created by Caldia, Estmere, and Ordennya had seen broad success, and Leodogari sought to discover land that Remana could claim as its own.
Ships under the command of Girabal and Andradas landed upon the shores of the modern-day Andradas' Bay, near the modern day city of Veciana, in 1554 with a force of five hundred men. There they founded the settlement of Nou Veciana. They met with several native tribes around this time, and began to trade for sugar, beads, pottery, gold, and jewelry with them. They also began enslaving many of the tribes they met, should they not have the goods Andradas sought or information about the "heavenly land." Word of the arrival of the explorers quickly spread throughout the Meyaletun Empire, eventually reaching the court of Meyaletun Emperor Ixmucane in the city of Usucuilta, near the modern-day city of Sant Picano. He extended an invitation to the newcomers to come to the capital, seeking to meet them firsthand and absorb the new "tribe," requesting they pay fealty to his empire. He was also unsure of their nature, whether they be "gods of light" (Úuchmáa: yuumtsilo'ob le sáasilo' ) or "gods of the underworld" (Úuchmáa: yuumtsilo'ob le metnalo' ). Believing that he had found the way to the heavenly land mentioned to him, Andradas accepted the invitation and left Girabal in charge of the new settlement.
Relations between Ixmucane and Andradas' explorers were initially described as positive, with Andradas seeking to cement trade ties with Ixmucane's realm. However, issues soon arose. Upon being told that the lands of his empire had been claimed by Andradas on behalf of the Duchy of Remana, Ixmucane was reportedly enraged. Andradas also outright refused to pay tribute, as well as claimed that the emperor must submit to Catholicism and give up the native religion as a whole. As this was occurring, Andradas' men were looting much of Usucuilta, taking any valuable they could steal. This included many religious artifacts, which angered any Usucuiltans Having decided that Andradas and his men were "gods of the underworld" (Úuchmáa: yuumtsilo'ob le metnalo'), Ixmucane ordered that the conqueridors be expelled from the city within a day and never to return to the empire. Around this time Andradas took Ixmucane hostage and ordered him to quell the population of Usucuilta, which had by this time grown into a mob and forced Andredas' men to take shelter in Ixmucane's imperial compound, and ensure them safe passage out of the city. The mob instead began to riot and attack both Ixmucane and Andradas' men. The ensuing battle, known as the Battle of Usucuilta, marked the beginning of Floren conquest of the Meyaletun Empire. Ixmucane was killed, and Andradas and his men were forced to flee the city under a barrage of arrows, spears, and rocks. Over a hundred conquistadors were killed, and Andradas fled back to Veciana. Though the Meyaletuns attacked the city many times, they were unable to take the settlement.
Reinforcements from Remana arrived the next year. These forces, numbering between two and three thousand fighting men, met with Andradas's men, who had been under siege for a year, and began pushing west from the settlement back towards Usucuilta. This group would come to be known as the Army of Gold following the sacking of Usucuilta. Conquistadors from Ciradila, Lusitana, Sarcus, and Demora landed in the region in 1555 and also began establishing settlements along the coast. These forces, along with the Army of Gold, would attack numerous Meyaletun cities, oftentimes with the support of tribes chafing under the Meyaletun rule. This, along with an epidemic of smallpox, influenza, plague, and other Euclean diseases caused the complete collapse of the Meyaletun Empire by 1600.
The dissolution of the empire caused a massive power vacuum in the region, as many tribes broke away to form their own localized governments. Many conflicts were fought, both among the natives as well as among the Euclean colonizers, over competing boundaries.
Nou Remana and Gaullican Domination (1XXX-1760)
War for Independence and United Colonies (1764-1771)
The ceding of Nou Remana in the Treaty of Savona led to an immediate and drastic break between the Floren-speaking population of Nuxica and the new Gaullican authorities. Rising tensions between the Floren aristocracy and the newly-founded Gaullican ascendancy reached new heights following the 1763 Guadarca massacre and subsequent imposition of the Intolerable Taxes and Unbearable Acts, a set of laws (known collectively as the Despotic Edicts that sought to secure the power of a new Gaullican noble class within the region as a whole. The laws, which mandated the use of Gaullican in government affairs, made radical reforms to the judiciary that benefitted Gaullican nationals, imposed higher taxes upon the region above those passed in the wake of the Pereramonic Wars, heavily restricted the ability for merchants and traders to "cooperate with those nations outside of the Gaullican sphere," and heavily taxed regional trade, were seen as highly restrictive and lead to significant dissatisfaction unrest amongst the population and upper classes. In addition, the rise of republican ideals in the colony, largely spun from the ideals and policies of Nèstor I, lead to the creation of many secret societies and republican organizations seeking to make the region an independent state through whatever means available, primary of which being La Trinitat and La Congregacio. These groups, though largely clandestine in nature, frequently sponsored anti-Gaullican protests and acts of civil disobedience across the region. As a result, both were quickly outlawed and pursued by Gaullican mercenaries and legal authorities whenever possible.
The unrest facing the region reached a fever pitch following the Guadarca massacre, in which a protest by Nou Remanans against the Despotic Edicts led to Gaullican soldiers firing into the crowd -- killing 12 and injuring 16, though the event generally seen as the breaking point by most historians came in the form of the Tarrageida massacre. Word of the massacre rapidly spread amongst the colonies by both word of mouth and incindiary propaganda published by secret society groups, ultimately leading to citizens in the Florentan Province to take up arms and drive out the local Gaullican garrison from the region. The rebels, having successfully forced the Gaullicans on the backfoot in the region, quickly published the Florentanese Pronouncement which called for "all of the free peoples of the Asterias to rise against the Gaullican tyrant-oppressor."
The call to action was heeded by many throughout the region, particularly amongst the formerly burgeoning Nuxican merchant class, with numerous armies and rebel militias being raised under the banner of the Army of the Asterias.
WIP pending lorebuilding with respective parties
Confederacy and Independent States Period (1772-1811)
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Following the failure of the various delegates at the Astoria Convention to come to a consensus on the structure of a federalized or centralized system of government amongs the NUMBER nations, as well as various ethnic, cultural, and linguistic differences between the NUMBER, it was ultimately decided that each nation would form seperate polities.
As a result of the failure of the Astoria Convention, the delegates of the various Nuxican states and territories reconvened in the city of Carutagua for the First Carutagua Conference. It was ultimately decided that the states would unite under a confederal system of government, with the President of the Confederal Assembly also serving as both head of state and government. The role of the President, however, was largely as a figurehead or stabilizing force for the nation, as real power was vested in both the individual states of the Confederacy as well as their delegations within the assembly. After much deliberation amongst the delegates of the assembly, the Confederal constitution was promulgated and inaugeral elections set to be held in November of that year. Amadeu Juarez, Grand Marshal of the Nuxican forces during the war of independence and national folk hero, would win the election handedly and be sworn in as the first President of the United Confederate States of Nuxica.
The initial years following the foundation of the Confederate States would be largely peaceful, as the government primarily focused on building trade relationships with both the newly formed nations of Eldmark and Halland, as well as shoring up the merchant and aristocratic class. Immigration from CATALANLAND, LUSITANLAND, as well as Estmere was encouraged, with thousands immigrating into the country in the decades following its founding. Slavery as an economic practice was continued though the rise of a low-wage peasant and free tenant class, as well as a growing domestic and international abolitionist movement, quickly led to the practice falling out of favor with most landowners. Clerical policies were also introduced, with the Solarian Catholic Church being emshrined as the national religion of the nation. The politics of the nation were largely dominated by land-owning and trade interests, with the nation largely pursuing a form of laissez-faire economics. A major policy result of this was of Nuxican expansionism, which saw the government "grant" settlers large tracts of land both to the south and to the east of the country in order to seek more resources and farmland to sustain the nation. This land would ultimately be incorporated as territories, receiving observer status within the assembly, which ultimately would be fully integrated as full states as the population of those territories increased. This expansion would quickly lead to tensions with neighboring Marirana, who also sought to expand their newly-founded nation in the Asterias. These tensions would come to a head in 1789, when the two sides would go to war over the disputed territories. While Nuxica would ultimately emerge victorious in the conflict, the economic toll that it took on the fledgling nation was severe, and disputes over how to resolve the economic disruption would rear their head in the wake of the war.
Despite the early period of peace, political tensions over the social and economic direction of the nation would quickly surface as time went on. The rise of industrialization within many of the states of the confederacy, as well as the subsequent rise in the number of non-peasant workers, led to the rise of more liberal economic and social ideals within many areas. In many cases, reformists were able to assume government positions and implement changes such as the abolition of slavery, worker's rights and protections, and even give the franchise to non-landowners. The largely conservative aristocracy quickly began to chafe at these reforms, particularly when proposed at a national level. Over time, a widening political gulf formed between those states who had embraced reforms and those who had not. The inability of the President of the Assemby to settle these disputes ultimately led to the 1793 Astuvila incident, where troops of the Astuvila territory forcibly removed soldiers of a neighboring reformist region. Other conservative regions quickly followed suit. Following numerous failed attempts by reformists to condemn and sanction the rebellious territories or compel them to admit reformist troops, then President Dioclecià Figueras declared Confederal Assembly incapacitated, but was likewise unable to force territories. He was While the incident did not result in any casualties, it is typically cited as the the de-facto end of the Nuxican Confederacy and the beginning of the independent states period.
While still existing nominally as a united front, many of the states were largely free to pursue their own interests and geopolitical relationships independent of the rest of the confederacy. This led to many powers, both regional and international, to attempt to exert influence over the administrative officials of the various states and territories. The primary agents of this were Estmere, Marirana, Gaullica, and INSERT OTHER NATIONS HERE. Many nations even carved out quasi-independent territories in the form of various Free Districts or Cities, through which they could spread their economic influence. Many groups of reformists, and even some nationalists, were dissatisfied with the growing dismemberment of Nuxica and sought to create a powerful centralized state that would stand free of foreign influence. These groups would ultimately form the Consolidationist Party in 1795, which would serve as a transnational party advocating for the reconsolidation of Nuxica under a centralized state.
Fearing the liberal reforms proposed by the Consolidationist Party, as well as seeking to maintain their political and economic holdings, both the conservative aristocrats and merchants within many regions -- as well as their foreign backers -- passed laws rendering the party illegal within their territories. Despite this, many Consolidationists found themselves making inroads within the local population. Consolidationist parties even found themselves winning elections, such as the 1802 Carutaguan general election, the 1803 Vallamaduran presidential election, and the 1805 Asturteixi territorial election. From 1802 to 1810, Consolidationists continued to grow in power and strength throughout modern-day Nuxica. This ultimately caused regional leaders to sign a series of defensive agreements between both Nuxican states and territories, as well as foreign powers, in a bid to maintain their security in the face of an increasingly organized centralization movement.
La Reconsolidació and First Republican Era (1812-1830)
The rise of Consolidationist parties led to a harsh response throughout many conservative states, with many seeking to arrest prominent members of the party for subversion, disturbing the peace, and sedition. Many activists and politicians were also put to death for their activities. These acts, which sought to eradicate the party, only succeeded in driving it underground and pushed more radical members towards direct action. Decentralist agitation and persecution of Consolidationist members reached a fever pitch on the 8th of April, 1812, when prominent Consolidationist Balthazar Bosquet was arrested by Decentralists in the Cerucia. A respected politician and liberal activist, Bosquet was largely considered to be the de-facto leader of the Consolidationist movement. He was tried on charges of sedition, treason, and embezzlement in what was largely considered to be a sham trial, ultimately being found guilty before being executed by hanging. His arrest and execution, meant to intimidate Consolidationists into submission, instead led to a great deal of unrest throughout the region.
This unrest culminated in a group of consolidationists members and leadership from across the region secretly meeting in a disused indoor tennis court in the city of Cerucia where they vowed the Oath of Unity, a vow to see to it that Nuxica reconsolidate in a single, centralized nation state. Shortly thereafter, Consolidationists sparked the Cerucia Rebellion in order to overthrow the local leadership of Absaló Ayala. Ayala, a staunch decentralist -- who had ordered the arrest of Bosquet -- with support from FOREIGN POWER, was quickly forced to flee the city under heavy fire by rebels. Ayala, from the friendly region of Estrenhel, triggered the Secret Accords with other decentralist regions in order to "restore order amongst the anarchy and chaos." Decentralist forces quickly began to mobilize in order to crush the rebellion. They were met by various armed committees (Catalan: comitès armats; Lusitan: comitês armados) mobilized to defend the city, as well as armed detachments from neighboring consolidationist regions. Culminating in a rebel victory, the battle is largely seen by most historians as the beginning of The Reconsolidation (Catalan: La Reorganització; Lusitan: A Reorganização).
The consolidationist forces largely sought to use deception and Fabian military strategies in order to combat the decentralist forces, rather than fighting them in pitched battles. Consolidationists were quite effective in garnering public support for their cause, promising numerous liberal-populist reforms to the peasant population population living in decentralist areas and causing many to rebel in their own territories. These tactics, as well as the withdrawal of Mariranan support as a result of the Seccessionist Wars in that country, led to the rapid collapse of decentralist forces in the wake of both consolidationist armies and -- in many cases -- popular uprisings. This ultimately led to the Treaty of Carutagua to be signed in 181X, which saw the end of the Nuxican Confederacy and the beginning of the First Nuxican Republic. The Constitution of 181X was promulgated, and Alexandre Desanrom was sworn in as the first President of the Nuxican First Republic.
The fledgling republic was quickly beset with issues, foremost being the loss of a great deal of the international trading and merchant relationships enjoyed by several of the decentralist regions. In addition to this, enacting equitable land reform also encountered great difficulties, particularly amongst some of the territories where the newly consolidated Nuxican Army encountered insurgent resistence by decentralists. This, essentially, forced the President to partially enact certain emergency powers in order to quell the unrest. His efforts were ultimately successful, though they further stripped the already war-weary Nuxican Army of men and equipment. In addition to unrest at home, the country also had to contend with continued border conflicts with both Marirana in the south and Narozalica in the east. Despite this, Desanrom was able to stabilize the political situation of the country, balancing both clerical conservatism with liberal republican ideals.
In March 1820, Mariranan dictator Salvatore Renzi launched a massive invasion of the country as part of the larger Mariranan Revolutionary War. The Nuxican military was unable to mobilize rapidly and, being both largely operationally spent as well as caught off guard by the sudden attack, were quickly routed in a series of costly battles. In a bid to regain control of the situation Desanrom announced the creation of an Emergency Martial Government, largely with the assistance of the military, to oversee the country for the duration of the conflict. While the emergency government was forced to cede control of much of the country to Renzi, they were ultimately able to stabilize the frontlines after the Battle of Gallón in 1824. The course of the war in Nuxica largely stagnated following this battle, with the gains made by Mariranan forces being largely reversed by 1826. Nuxican forces launched an invasion of Marirana in 1827, occupying the cities of A B and C. The signing of the Treaty of X granted Nuxica the territories of X Y and Z, largely settling the major border disputes with Marirana.
Desanrom dissolved the martial government at the conclusion of the war, once again ceding power back to civilian authorities. Fresh elections were held in 1828, leading to the moderate conservative Domènec Boixadé assuming the presidency. Boixadé was quick to try and re-establish Nuxican economic security and stability, largely through forcing the conquered Marirana to pay back their war debt, as well as compensation to Nuxican citizens who had their assets and property seized either in Marirana by the Renzi regime or in Nuxica as part of the Revolutionary War. When Marirana was unable to pay these debts, Boixade authorized and sponsored a conservative coup d'etat in the country in 1829. Subsequently his government supported the efforts of Pietro Ferdinando in establishing the Grand Duchy of Marirana, establishing lucrative economic and military ties with the Ducal government in conjunction with Eldmark. This effectively made Marirana a client state for a time, with Boixade declaring that his government had succeeded in "quieting the south." Boixade additionally attempted to restructure the Nuxican economy, which until that time, had largely been based around agricultural production and exportation, by investing heavily in industrialization and mining, particularly in the northwestern and central regions of the country. Boixade would also change the constitution, creating the office of Prime Minister and handing them and the parliament significant powers. This would transform the country from a presidential system to a semi-presidential system.
Elections in 1830 would see the rise of several new parties, particularly left-wing parties. Parliamentary elections saw the election of the National Laborer's Party (Catalan: Partit dels Treballadors Nacionals; Lusitan: Partido Nacional do Trabalhador) The first of many nascent labor unions were formed around this time, advocating for the imposition of worker's protections, a minimum wage, and increased worker's powers in the workplace. Despite their efforts, they were frequently overruled by the moderates and conservatives within the parliament. The parliament elected Jeremies Castello as the country's first Prime Minister. Castello was largely backed by the country's business interests, as well as the clergy, investing in the country's industrial and economic capacities. He also continued the practice of eastward expansion, seeking new lands and territories in the "untamed east" for Nuxican settlement.
Second Republican Era (1831-1914)
Nuxica would see a series of conservative governments between 1830 and 1842, most of which would serve the interests of Nuxica's landowning and growing business class. This period would largely see the continuation of industrialization and limited agricultural mechanization throughout the country, the continued expansion of settlements and developments eastward. Throughout this period, left-wing and pro-labor movements would continue to grow in strength, conducting some limited protests and strikes which were either broken up by the authorities or fizzled out. This would continue until the 1842 parliamentary election, which would see the shocking election of the Laborers Party into a majority and put the relatively unknown Conrad Palomera in the office of Prime Minister. A Laborers Party MP, Palomera quickly began to implement "equitable reforms" across the nation. These reforms included reducing the role of the clergy in government and society, implementing a more progressive spate of land reforms, increasing access to education, as well as a progressive tax code. In addition to this Palomera greatly increased the rights and privledges afforded to the country's native, Bahian, and mestizo population, which previously had been largely neglected until this point. These acts earned Palomera a great deal of popular support, as well as the title of 'the Great Reformer,' leading to his party to secure more seats in the 1846 elections and securing his reforms for the future. Palomera would resign from his position and retire from active political life in 1850, though he would still carry a great deal of influence in Nuxican politics until his death in 1879.
Elections in 1850 would see the election of Joaquim Reiners who would continue many of the policies of Palomera. His tenure, though, saw a good deal of disruption in the country as business and landowning interests began to resist his reforms. Additionally, efforts to secularize the country were greatly stymied, with some more conservative regions even attempting rebellions against his government. The collapse of the Grand Duchy of Marirana, and thus the loss of much of Nuxica's direct influence over the country, was blamed on his administration. This, along with corruption scandels within his cabinet would ultimately lead to his resignation in 1853. Early elections would lead to to conservatives retaking power as a caretaker government, confirming Heitor Monteiro as Prime Minister. Monteiro would greatly change the politics of the country, leaning greatly on the nation's conservative, martial, and clerical interests for support in his government.
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While he did not reverse the policies of Palomera and Reiners, Monteiro did stymie many of their reforms whenever possible. He also greatly expanded the access of the business and landowning classes to his government, greatly increasing their overall sway in government decision and policies. Taking advantage of the economic turmoil and instability in neighboring Marirana, Monteiro sought a series of lucrative trade deals with the government of President Saragat in that country.
Though initially ruling without much opposition, as he continued to pursue conservative policies Monteiro grew more authoritarian and illiberal as time went on. He routinely used bribes and coercion in order to compel both local officials and rival MPs to support his policies. In addition to this he also used his connections within the military, particularly the army -- which also had a policing role, in order to investigate and remove stubborn opposition. Finally, he was frequently accused of electoral fraud and cultivating a relatively powerful personality cult in order to maintain his power. Despite his more illiberal tendencies, economic activity continued to grow and the country remained stable for the duration of his tenure. He stood for election in 1854, 1858, 1862, and 1870, though he continued to exert near-direct power and authority over the country until his death in 1876.
Elections in 1878 would once again see the rise of left-wing and reformist parties, with Ramon Carreres becoming the Prime Minister of the country. Carreres would harken back to the policies of prime ministers Palomera and Reiners, reinstituting many of their reforms and doubling down on those that remained in place. He also took the unprecidented act of fully secularizing the country, as well as expanding the franchise to women. He also greatly expanded the rights of workers to unionize, with thousands of union chapters rapidly springing up throughout the country. This would cause a great deal of change in the Nuxican economic and political system which, in addition to the expansion of transportation, communication, and industrialization, would revolutionize the country. Carreres would, however, ultimately be assassinated by a disgruntled former army officer in 1884.
Left-wing populist and liberal governments would reign supreme from the death of Carreres until the turn of the twentieth century, with the conservative parties largely relegated to the opposition. It was during this time that a great many reforms were made, including the decriminalization of same-sex marriage, the rise of progressive intellectualism, the implementation of a more progressive tax code, and the revokation of many land-use rights afforded to the church.
These reforms, while popular with many areas of the public, were received highly negatively by the conservative and business establishment as well as the more conservative sections of the population.
Revolution, Great War, and Emergency Government (1915-1949)
La Suautadura and the Asterian War (1950-1980)
Decline and Fall of the Junta and Contemporary Period (1980-Present)
