Letnia
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Federation of Soviet Republics Федерация Советских Республик | |
|---|---|
Flag
Coat of Arms
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| Motto: "объединены как один под Богом" (Russian) "United as one under God" | |
| Anthem: "Прощание славянки " (Russian) "Farewell of Slavianka" | |
| File:LetnevDetailedMap.png | |
| Capital | Turov |
| Official languages | Letnevian, Kalvian |
| Recognised regional languages | Razakh, Erquinian, Chervakian |
| Ethnic groups (2016) | Letnevian (62%), Kalvian (21%), Razani (7%), Chervakian (2%), Rodavian (4%), other (4%) |
| Demonym(s) | Soviet |
| Government | Communism Meritocracy |
• Chairman of the Central Party | Vetrov Borisovich Zhukov |
| Area | |
• Total Land | 4,514,974 km2 (1,743,241 sq mi) (1) |
• Water (%) | 2.81% |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate | 321,610,560 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | $8,132,870,000 (4) |
• Per capita | $25,285 (21) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 estimate |
• Total | $6,948,250,000 (2) |
• Per capita | $21,603 (24) |
| Gini (2017) | 19.5 low (15) |
| HDI (2017) |  0.842very high (9) |
| Currency | рубль (ruble) (RBL) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (Turov Mean Time [TMT]) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +27 |
| Internet TLD | .web ; .cs ; .ltv ; |
The FSR (Letnevian: ФСР), officially The Federation of Soviet Republics (Letnevian: Федерация Советских Республик, tr. Federatsiya Sovetskikh Respublik), also known unofficially as Letnev, is a State existing on the continent of Casaterra in the region of Septentrion. A union of multiple national Soviet republics, it's government and economy are highly centralized. The Federation is made up of multiple smaller states: The Letnevian SFSR (Soviet Federative Socialist Republic), The Kalvian SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic), the Rodavian SSR, the Voslavian SSR, the Voldurian SSR, and the Razanistan SSR. The Federation is a one party state, ruled by the Totalist Party in the capital of Turov.
The FSR has an estimated population of over 318 million people, with more than 30 ethnic groups being represented. The vast majority of the country identifies as ethnically Letnevian, with 62% of the country claiming Letnevian as their ethnicity in the 2016 census. The majority of the population lives in the south, where cold weather is less threatening and crops can more easily grow. Nearly 15 million people live in the capital city of Turov, making it one of the largest cities in Septentrion and the largest on Casaterra.
The FSR is considered by many to be a Superpower, and is one of the states allowed in the STAPNA to keep it's nuclear arsenal. The FSR is a dominant military power, with the highest military spending in Casaterra and the third highest in Septentrion.
Etymology
The name Letnev is derived from Let', a medieval state in Casaterra mostly populated by Northern Slavs. However, this proper name became more prominent in later history, when historians denoted the state by this name to separate it from the later Letnevian state. However, most of the inhabitants of the early Lev' referred to themselves as "Летная Земля" (Letnaya zemlja), which can be roughly translated as "Letnev Land" or "Land of the Lev".
The standard way to refer to citizens of Letnev is "Letnevians" in Tyran, and "Летневияне" in Letnevian. There are two Letnevian words which can translate into "Letnevian". One is "Летние" (Letniye) and translates to "ethnic Letnevians". The other is "Летневияне" (Letneviyane), which translates to citizens of Letnev, regardless of ethnic background. Translations often do not distinguish between the two, while in the language and culture the difference is quite important.
However, in the Federation of Soviet Republics, it is common to refer to a citizen as their respective ethnicity- or, if it is unknown, simply as "советский" (Soviet).
History
Early History
The first Slavic states are recorded as forming on Casaterra in the early 7th century. Before this time, there is little evidence of activity in North Casaterra. Archaeological finds indicate that settlements began in the Turov region as early as 120 B.C, but there are few records of such peoples. Calunyan Republic records speak of harsh steppe-people to their north, but rarely elaborate. Regardless, confederations of city-states existing in Northern Casaterra roughly around the beginning of the 7th century. States formed quickly and in chaos amid invasions of the Eisen peoples, and soon covered much of the Northern Casaterran landscape.
Kirovian Let'
The largest and most prominent early Slavic state in Casaterra formed as early as the 9th century. The state, known now as the Kirovian Let', consisted of much of the area around modern Kirov, all the way along the coast near modern Eisenmaat. It was formed by a prominent man from the Let' people, who conquered the Slavic city-state of Kirov, who had been tribute to Tatars of the steppe region. The territory of the Kirovian Let' grew, expanding to much of the coast of modern day Letnev. The Prince Vladimir the Wise of Kirov accepted Orthodox Christianity in 1028, also creating the first Slavic legal code in his reign.
In the following centuries, the Kirovian Let' became one of the largest and richest states in Casaterra. However, the age of feudalism and decentralization marked the end of the Kirovian Let', which became consumed with infighting among petty nobles. Ultimately the Let' disintegrated in the early 13th century with the great Tatar invasions of 1212 and 1231. The duchies of Turov and Kirov formed from the ashes of the Let' in modern Letnev and Kalvia, and the Kingdom of Augustow formed in modern Erquin, pushing out the Eisen in the area.
Grand Duchy of Turov (1273-1550)
Over time, the Duchy of Turov quickly expanded. In 1273, Turov defeated it's rival, Kirov, and marched into it's capital. Turov was declared to be a "Grand Duchy", and a series of reforms was instituted by Prince Yuri I to more effectively govern the Duchy. Times remained difficult and skirmishes were frequent with neighbors, but slowly the Duchy began to assert influence over all of central-north Casaterra.
Conflicts with the Slavic peoples of nearby Mozria grew in the late 14th century, with borders constantly shifting and border areas being razed frequently. Agriculture suffered greatly as a result of the Little Ice Age. In 1304, tensions with the Catholics to the south came to a head as well. A crusade made up of Eisen and some Sylvan troops moved to forcefully convert their northern and "backwards" neighbor. This "Great Northern Crusade" made initial gains, but was ultimately crushed during the battle of Katlyn River in 1305. Over time after this, the Duchy of Turov gradually began to eat away at nearby territories, growing by absorbing nearby rivals.
Tsardom of Letnev (1550-1704)
In roughly 1545, the Thessalinikian Empire completely collapsed. The Orthodox center of the world fell into Catholic hands. This left Turov as the foremost protector of Orthodox Christianity. In order to reflect this new status, Prince Dmitry Romanovich ("The Terrible") crowned himself Tsar ("Caesar") of the Lev' peoples, or Letnev. During his long reign, Dmitry II centralized power of the Tsardom and increased the size of the empire by almost 45%, annexing modern Chervakia and Maldania, as well as part of north-western Erquin. By the end of the 16th century, Letnev was a multicultural, multinational nation that comprised over 70% of North Casaterra's population. It's relatively defend-able geography kept it relatively safe from attacks from the south, save minor wars with Mozria and Eisenmaat. The Mozrian Republic was conquered in the late 16th century, resulting in a massive swath of new farmlands becoming available. This was a period of relative stability and internal growth, with a series of good rulers and excellent administration resulting in above average crop yields.
Imperial Letnev (1704-1902)
In 1704, Czar Michael I declared Letnev an Empire. In 1734, tensions erupted between the Sylvan Empire and the Letnevian Empire over what Church those in Erquin belonged to, resulting in a 5 year war between Letnev and Sylva. After 5 years of brutal fighting on a narrow strip of land in South Erquin, Letnev declared victory and forcefully instated Northern Orthodoxy in the Kingdom of Erquin. During this period, the city of Turov was extremely important as both the administrative center of Letnev and the center of Northern Orthodoxy. This period was stable economically, but was turbulent politically as there were multiple wars with outside forces and between the Czar and Church. Tsar Nicolas I removed the Patriarchate from the Orthodox Church in 1846 after an argument between him and the Patriarch, resulting in mass protests.
After the death of Alexander II in 1885, people began to lose their trust in the Czars follow a perceived usurpation of power from the church and lack of interest in the plights of the common man. This belief, coupled with stifled intellectual movements, resulted in various socialist and religious movements in Letnev- which ultimately collided in the bitter years of 1900-1910.
Federation of Soviet Republics (1902-present)
Dissent and Bloody Sunday (1900-1902)
Following the failure and great loss of life in the famines and Kolodiyan War of 1896, tensions rose dramatically in the empire. Returning soldiers returned to find their farms destroyed or desolate, with many grieving the ones that didn't come back. It was during this period that the Northern Orthodox Priest named Andrei Baryshnikov spent 4 years walking the countryside, preaching and helping the people. Influenced by socialist writers in Southern Casaterra, he preached of unity, brotherhood, and equality for the average man. He quickly began to gather a following, including a number of prominent socialists and reformists in the Letnevian Aristocratic elite.
Tsar Ivan VI, despite calls from even his closet advisers for reform, refused to give up full autocratic power. By 1900, public opinion was at an all time low. The aristocratic elite longed to try the Constitutional Monarchy of the South, and the peasants and working classes were suffering from gross agricultural failure. While many of the socialist aristocratic elite were Karlist in belief, many supported Baryshnikov's strong conviction that socialism was innate to Christian faith. He drew a wide variety of supporters, both liberal communists and conservative Pan-Slavs.
Civil War (1902-1911)
On September 24th, 1902, a protest led by Baryshnikov in front of the Tsar's winter palace went wrong. Several guards misunderstood orders and shot into the crowd. This caused general panic, and soon the guards opened fire with a machine gun on the general populace. By the end of the event, nearly 387 civilians had been brutally killed by the guards. The Tsar, busy entertaining guests from the Kingdom of Tyran, didn't give a speech or comment on the event to the angry crowds now roaming Turov. Some branches of Baryshnikov's followers and other Socialists, belonging to city councils known as Soviets, took advantage of the extreme discontent. Sources still differ on who fired the first shot, but revolutionaries and tsarist forces came into sudden and open conflict on October 3rd, 1902. Many soldiers, members of the Soviets themselves, dropped their weapons or joined the revolutionaries. On the night of October 5th, 1902, Tsar Ivan VI caught trying to escape the city by revolutionaries. The Turov Soviet, headed by Vladimir Pavlovich, a disciple of Baryshnikov, demanded that the Tsar abdicate his throne. The Tsar refused to abdicate, and the newly formed Provisional Committee for the Governance of all Letnev imprisoned him and his family in the Turov Governor's palace.
Meanwhile, the rest of the country was in disorder. The Kirov Soviet, with orders directly from the Turov Committee, declared the city to be under Soviet rule. Dissenters were quickly arrested or killed, but much of the city quickly fell into Soviet control. In Serov, the city Soviet was almost entirely arrested and summarily executed by local officials. In much of the Southern regions, which produced vitally needed grain, pro-Tsarist antirevolutionary forces quickly sprung up. The areas around the capital and coast largely supported the revolutionary Provisional Committee. The army was split, and both sides soon began forming armies in their respective areas of control as January of 1903 ended.
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The pro-Tsarist faction, which would soon come to be called the "Blacks" because of the "black earth" region they were supported from, had large support from agrarian landowners in the southeast and southwest, as well as many of the professional soldiers. The "Whites", or supporters of Pavlovich, mostly gathered support from peasants across the country, along with the Church and some intellectuals. The Republicans, or "Blues", as they soon came to be called, has massive support among the Kalvian elite in the northeast and many in the south of Mozria. The last major group to form in the civil war period were the "Reds"- communists headed by Anton Sharpov, a dedicated Karlist.
Initial fighting was sporadic and mostly focused outside the capital, but by 1904 the conflict became much more intense. The Black army headed by General Dmitri Kutepov, formed to march north and take Turov, freeing the Tsar and restoring him to effective control. However, they were stopped by a Red-White coalition of troops just south of Turov, where they were surrounded and forced into a rout. In mid 1905, Blues and Reds fought violently for control of the Mozrian coastline in a series of battles known as the Oyevoi Campaigns. While the Blues succeeded in taking the Mozrian coast, they also almost destroyed the cities of Oyevoi and Milostya through starvation and conflict.
By late 1906, the Whites and Reds had almost entirely destroyed the pro-tsarist forces. However, they soon turned on each other over key political differences. While the Whites held key positions in the cities of Turov and Kirov, the Reds held control over many in the Soviets. The Whites turned to foreign aid- they delivered an ultimatum to the neighboring Erquinian Commonwealth. The official from the White delegation claimed in his speech to the Erquinian crown that "...the Godless Communists, under control of Satan's puppet Sharpov, aim to control and manipulate all that is good in our country, and indeed in all countries, and use it for devious purposes...". The Erquinians agreed to assist, and soon an 80,000 strong Erquinian army moved through southern Letnev to help the White forces break a Red siege of Kirov. With Erquinian assistance, the Whites soon began to push the Reds out of Central Letnev, into the far northwestern territories. By 1908, it was clear the the Whites held dominance in Letnev proper.
However, the Blues also found foreign aid, in the form of New Tyran forces. New Tyran sent arms and advisers to Mozria in 1908, and even sent a force of 10,000 men in early 1909. The Whites sought to crush them with their new aid, but the Erquinians refused to fight the Blues or the Tyranians- leaving the weakened White forces alone to fight the Republican Blue forces, who had fallen back to what is now Mozrian territory. With the Reds pushed back but still strong and their Erquinian allies unwilling to provoke the Tyranese, the Whites settled with a peace deal in March of 1909. The Peace of 1909 resulted in the formal independence of the Blues, who declared themselves the First Mozrian Republic on April 1st, 1909. This left only the Reds and the Whites in the war. Over the next two years, The Whites slowly pushed the Reds out further and further, until they were at the coast. On February 3rd, 1911, the Provisional Committee, now headed solely by the Whites, declared itself the rightful government of "all Letnev and her territories". On February 7th, the Federation of Soviet Republics was formed. Anton Sharpov and many key Reds fled to Polvokia, where they later influenced it's revolution. The Tsar and his family were banished from the Federation, and they soon fled to New Tyran, along with many of their close supporters.
Post-Revolution Era (1911-1937)
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The Letnevian Soviet Federative Republic, along with the Kalvian, Razakh, Voldurian, and Voslavian Soviet Republics formed the Federation of Soviet Republics. The largest by size and ethnicity was the LSFR, followed by the sizable Kalvian SR. The Beloslavian and Kolodiyan SRs were given the opportunity to join the union, but did not for administrative and political reasons. Very soon the accomplished leader of the Turov Soviet, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, was elected Premier of the Federation.
The war weary country had suffered nearly 17 million losses due to the 9 year civil war. The government, now steeped in debt and in the third year of famine, quickly moved to rejuvenate the country. Initial attempts to secure loans from southern Casaterra fell through, but the country's new ally in the Erquinian Commonwealth was willing to provide some light material aid and loans. Rationing was common in cities throughout 1912, but by 1913 a system of farming had been organized. Most industry had been left unused by workers during the civil war, and many specialists had fled the country.
Quite unlike the Reds who were now undergoing a separate revolution in Polvokia, a market system of economics was kept by the Whites. However, peasant farming communes were reorganized during the 1910s into the 1920s. While communes were praised for their community by the ruling party in Turov, they were simply too inefficient. Communes were typically broken up and the land divided into plots among the peasants, and many estates and farms of ex-noblemen became government owned farms. Despite this, some radical Orthodox set up their own communes, attempting to live in small communities in a way similar to early Christians.
Industry, as in the last years of the Letnevian Empire, was considered a top priority by the new government. Foreign specialists were brought in, loans taken for machinery and industrial equipment, and peasants coerced into a new national spirit of "work, discipline, and faith" that was swelling among the slowly repopulating cities. While efficiency still lagged behind many Southern countries, visiting Chervakian and Eisen Specialists often spoke and wrote of a new "Orthodox Work Ethic". Chervak diplomat and writer Jan Čapek famously remarked that "the poor, uneducated peasant folk of the Soviets, with their dedication and discipline in the factory, are worth ten of our workers each." While estimates of actual productivity during this era show only slightly above average results, this reputation quickly spread beyond the Federation, and enamored workers and specialists from many countries and backgrounds made pilgrimages or moved to the Federation throughout the 1910s.
While the fledgling country was growing and recovering from the civil war, tensions were brewing in the South. In 1917, the Erquinian Commonwealth declared war on the Ostlandian empire. While wholly unprepared for war, the Soviet government quickly promised to aid the Erquinians, hoping to repay the Commonwealth for assistance given during the civil war. Despite never sending an army to the front, the Federation was a major source of weapons for the northern front- over two million small arms were shipped from the Federation to the Commonwealth over the course of the war, with a large amount of other material aid also being provided. Eventually the Federation did send small volunteer units to the northern front, who eventually numbered almost 10,000 by the end of the war.
The interwar years of the Federation are best characterized by rapid industrialization and militarization of the workforce. The party's state capitalist policies were advertised as a much more democratic form of economics than under the previous tsarist regime, but in reality only offered nominal democracy at lower levels of agriculture and industry. Despite this, the state rapidly modernized the agricultural and industrial capacity of the nation, closing the gap between itself and Southern Casaterra significantly by the late 30s. Military capacity was a priority, especially given the clearly militant intentions of the nearby Ostland, and fears that under National Socialist leader Hanz Adler war was imminent. A brief border skirmish between the Federation and Eisenmaat occurred in late 1937, resulting in a decisive Soviet victory. Eisen and Soviet borders remained a matter of dispute for the next two years, finally being redrawn with the treaty of Gretnz-Arsk in 1939.
Pan-Septentrion War (1937-1943)
On May 22nd, 1937, Ostland declared war on Chervakia. Erquin declared war on Ostland 3 hours later. This marked the beginning of the Pan-Septentrion War. Chervak and Erquinian forces were driven back to the northern fringes of Erquin by late 1937. In January 1938, FSR allowed the Erquinian and Chervak armies to retreat into it's borders. Ostland responded by firing artillery across the border, and the Soviets declared war the next day.
1938 was characterized by a massive push of Ostlandian forces into the Federation. The highly mechanized Ostlandian forces had considerable early success, and quickly overwhelmed the unprepared Soviet forces. The Soviet second army was completely destroyed within two months of the war starting. By the end of 1938, Ostlandian generals had complete confidence in victory, and so began the invasion of Western Casaterra. In 1939, the bloody and intense Battle of Serov began. The Soviet and Ostlandian forces traded the territory around the city for the next 2 years, and the actual fighting in the city was brutal for both sides.
The First Battle of the Southern Plains began on April 4th 1940, and resulted in a total halt of the Ostlandian offense. While there were massive losses on the Soviet side, this battle is often considered the turning point in the war as well as the largest tank battle in history. Two major Soviet offensives were launched in late 1940, resulting in the liberation of some Soviet and Erquinian land. By late 1941, the FSR had reached the Maldanian and Chervak borders, and fully liberated Erquinian lands. When the Allies liberated Saintonge in April of 1942, the two sides started to Race to Krossa. Soviet and Chervak forces reached Krossa on December 27th, 1942. The city was captured on January 3rd of 1943. Just 12 days later, Ostland surrendered unconditionally to the FSR and the Allied Powers.
Ostlandian land was divided into 2 occupation zones: those for the FSR and it's allies, and those for the Allies powers. Chervakia, Erquin, and FSR each took sectors of the occupied territory. The Federation was able to capture many Ostlandian scientists and engineers, allowing it to quickly analyze the Ostlandian prototype rocket projects and new weapons.
Post War Era (1943-1985)
After the Pan-Septentrion War came to a close, the FSR found itself occupying a large number of other, primarily Slavic and Northern Orthodox countries. The Federation also had a large, well-equipped, and experienced military. While much of the southwest was severely damaged by the fighting with Mozria, the major industrial centers of the country remained. Meanwhile in neighboring Erquin and Chervakia, many of the cities were partially or totally destroyed and the countryside ravaged. The FSR began to send material aid to the countries it occupied after the war: Maldania, Erquin, Chervakia, Beloslavia, and Yugoslovenski. However, they did not pull their troops out of the occupied countries.
Pro-Totalist Soviet governments were erected in each of the countries- some by force, such as in Yugoslovenski, and some on their own- such as in Chervakia. The Entente and Western Coalition, weary of war and busy with the territories they themselves occupied, did nothing real in return despite protests and threats.
Shortly after, the Cold War began- that is, the "war" of ideas and ideologies between the FSR and it's puppets, Sylva and it's allies, and The Organized States and it's allies. The cold war began during the climax of the Pan-Septentrion War, when OS detonated it's first atom bomb on Menghe. The FSR detonated it's first atom bomb on September 3rd, 1948, making it the second power to detonate a nuclear weapon. Sylva detonated it's first bomb four years later, making it the third power to wield nuclear weapons. The arms race quickly manifested itself through other means: nations rushed to build jet fighters, better tanks, and delivery systems for their new atomic weapons.
Modern Era (1985-Modern Day)
Geography
The FSR has a landmass of 4,514,973 square kilometers (1,743,240 square miles). It is the largest country in Septentrion. The FSR has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of timber, petroleum, natural gas, coal, ores and other mineral resources. The Federation is believed to control many of the largest mineral deposits in the world, but the estimates vary due to much of the resources being locked in the hostile, cold north. The FSR is the coldest country in Casaterra and the second coldest country in Septentrion, with much of it's northern territory frozen over.
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Most of the area of the Federation consists of vast stretches of plains that are predominantly steppe to the south and heavily forested to the north, with mixed tundra and ice caps along the northern coast. The Southeast is much more temperate, with access to warm water in the Westgulf. There are numerous mountain ranges across the Federation, with the largest two being the Berkut Range in the northwest and the Opekun Mountain in the southeast. The Federation has an extensive coastline; most of it's northern coast is covered in ice year-round while it's southern coast consists of warmer water flowing from the Meridian Ocean. Although the FSR owns roughly 6% of Septentrion's arable land, much of the land in the north is unfit for farming due to cold temperatures and ice storms.
The northern FSR is known for it's harsh "White Blizzards (Letnevian: Белая метель)", often referred to in other countries as "whiteouts". These harsh storms are famous for often killing unprepared citizens or tourists. Precipitation in the middle and lower parts of the FSR is much milder, with the lower portions of the Federation receiving a fair amount of rain in summer months. The central area of the FSR is fairly dry, with occasional snowfall throughout the year.
Climate
Due to the majority of the Federation's landmass being far north, the vast majority of the country is considered to be subarctic climate. Winters are severe, with temperatures averaging −30 °C in the northern subarctic and -5 °C in the southern side during the long winter. In the relatively short summer, temperatures can exceed 30 °C in the southern subarctic.
In the south, the very edge of the country is considered to be of the humid continental climate. This is the most densely populated area of the Federation. This is the only part of the FSR to receive a large portion of it's precipitation from liquid rain, and is kept at moderate temperatures year-wide by the Westgulf.
Far north lies the area classified as polar climate. Every month in the north has an average temperature of less than 10 °C, and has no warm summer. There are very few living organisms this far north, as it is too cold for many kids of trees and plants. The far north is covered in ice caps, and ice accumulates year round there. Any cities this far north are sparsely populated and mainly centers of administration, scientific research, and mining or drilling expeditions.
Government & Politics
Governance
Main Article: Government Of The FSR
The Federation of Soviet Republics is a federal republic. It is considered illiberal by many Southern and Western states. The Federation is structured in the form of a representative republic, with citizens electing low level-government officials who in turn elect officials on the next level up, and so on. Parties are not legal, although there are still some political action groups. The head of state is the Premier, who is elected by the State Duma of the Federation of Soviet Republics, the highest assembly and main legislator of the country. Leadership in the Federation is very centralized, with many of the Bureaucracy and Ministries reporting only to the Premier and the Council of Ministers, which is made up of the heads of the ministries and main executive functions of the Soviet state. The State Duma is largely considered to be a Rubber Stamp institution, as it nearly always passed policies proposed by the Supreme Council. Ministers and Agency Heads are selected by the Premier and approved by the State Duma.
Administrative divisions
Main Article: Administrative Divisions of the FSR
According to the Constitution of the FSR, the federation comprises sixty-two federal subjects. The subjects each have representation based on population in the Supreme Soviet of the FSR. They differ slightly in the amount of autonomy they receive.
- Oblasts are the most typical federal subject. They have locally elected Governments.
- Krais are a less typical federal subject. They are typically historical borderlands, and have leaders directly appointed by the Premier.
- ASSRs (Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics) have nominally more autonomy than Oblasts. ASSRs are allowed to establish a local language beyond Letnevian, and draft their own constitutions. They are intended to be home to very small minority populations.
While some ethnic minorities do live in the ASSRs, many live in the non-Letnevian SSRs (Soviet Socialist Republics). These SSRs are the largest administrative divisions in the Federation, and primarily separate large ethnic populations. They often consist of several ASSRs and Oblasts.
Foreign affairs
Main Article: — Foreign_Relations_of_the_FSR See also: — Central_Intelligence_Directorate_of_the_FSR
Military
See also: — Soviet Army (Septentrion)
The Soviet military is divided into the Army, Navy, and Air Force. There are also three independent arms of service: Strategic Missile Troops, Space Forces, and the Airborne Troops.
In 2009, the military had just under 4 million personnel on active duty, not counting internal forces which consist of roughly half a million troops according to many estimates. It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18–27 to be drafted for one and a half years of service in Armed Forces or two years in civil service, depending on their importance to the economy.
The Federation of Soviet Republics has the largest stockpile of nuclear arms in Septentrion, the largest tank force, and the largest air force. The Federation maintains the third largest navy in the world, and the most ballistic missile submarines.
The Federation has a very large domestic arms industry. It produces nearly all of it's equipment, bar a handful of imports from close allies. Unofficial estimates place the FSR as Septentrion's top weapons exporter 2007-2014, controlling over 33% of the market.
Economy
The economy of the Federation of Soviet Republics is varied. The primary sector is very large, consisting of mostly natural gas, mining, lumber, and oil. The FSR has the largest reserves of natural gas in Casaterra, and is the largest importer. Agriculture, while historically large in the country, has become secondary to industry since the industrialization efforts of the 1920s and 1930s.
The Soviet arms industry accounts for nearly 20% of industry, and the Federation is the largest supplier of weapons in the world. The largest manufacturer, Nikonov Concern, produces 90% of the small arms in the Federation and accounts for nearly 15% of small arms worldwide. The Federation is also a primary supplier of many other military goods, such as Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), armored vehicles, air defense, and aircraft. The Soviet aviation industry is one of the largest in Septentrion, offering a large number of internationally successful planes in both the military and civilian markets.
While lacking on the global market, the Soviet electronics industry has seen major growth in the last decade. Alongside the electronics industry, the IT industry has experienced a serious boom in the 2000s. The IT industry in FSR is the second largest in Septentrion, and accounts for 8% of the software development market.
Energy
The electricity generation sector in the FSR is largely fossil-fuel–based. Many power plants nationwide use the nation's position as a major Cassaterran exporter of natural gas to their advantage by continuing to use natural gas as the primary raw material in production of their energy.
Renewable forms of energy account for a small proportion of the FSR's full energy generation capacity. However, the federal government has set targets for the development of renewable energy sources in Letnev which should see the power produced by renewable resources climb to 25% by 2020. This is to be achieved mainly through the construction of wind farms and a number of hydroelectric stations.
Transport
Travel in the FSR is made up of road, rail, and air travel. The country has spent upwards of 200 Billion rubles since 1986 to improve, maintain, and create new transport and infrastructure.
In 2014, the nation had 38,578 miles of railway track and 221,367 miles of highway. The first bullet train became operational in the Turov region in 1999. There are 15 airports in the FSR that serve commercial traffic, and many more private airports and military airbases. Letnev Airlines, formed in 1929, is the second oldest airline still operational in Septentrion, and flies to almost every country in the region.
Science and Technology
Culture
Cuisine
There are over 50 different ethnic groups and peoples in the Federation of Soviet Republics. The Federation's vast cultural diversity spans ethnic Letnevians and Kalvians with their Slavic Orthodox traditions, Kazakhs with their steppe culture, Shamanistic peoples of the Extreme North and West, and central Slavs of the southeast.
Letnevian cuisine widely uses fish, poultry, mushrooms, berries, and honey. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for kvass, beer and vodka drinks. Black bread is much more popular in the Federation than in Southern Casaterra. Flavorful soups, which play an important role in meals, include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka and okroshka. Smetana (a heavy sour cream) is often added to soups and salads. Pirozhki, blini and syrniki are native types of pancakes. Chicken Kirov is a very popular meat dish. Much meat in Letnevian cuisine is cooked into soups and porridge or in dough.
Popular drinks include vodka, kvass, and tea. Vodka is the most popular alcoholic drink locally and the most famous of across Septentrion, and is often associated with the Federation and those of Letnevian ethnicity. Tea is a very popular non-alcoholic drink nationally, with coffee less popular than the rest of Casaterra. Kvass is a well known non-alcoholic drink that is created from a fermented mixture of water, flour and liquid malt.
Architecture
Letnevian architecture has it's roots deep in tradition and Orthodox belief. Early churches were the first great architectural achievements of the early northern Slavic peoples, and are famous across Septentrion for their colorful domes. With the change from the old tsarist regime, "wasteful" architecture was briefly banned. However, following the post war period and 2nd 5-year plan, older church architecture and new architectural styles were accepted as the economy stabilized.
Currently, architecture in the Federation is often associated with the large apartment buildings nicknamed "Khrushchyovka (Letnevian: хрущёвка)" that cover the urban FSR. The FSR was dominated by a functionalist sense of architecture for over 30 years, leaving a large amount of "unsightly" and "plain" buildings.
Art
The Letnevian Academy of Arts was created in 1762 and gave Letnevian artists an international role and status. Many 18th century academicians and artists mostly focused on portrait painting. In the early 19th century, when neoclassicism and romantism flourished in Southern Casaterra, mythological and Biblical themes inspired many prominent paintings.
In the late-19th century a group of artists broke with the Academy and initiated a school of art liberated from academic restrictions. These were mostly realist painters who captured Letnevian identity in landscapes of wide rivers, forests, and pine clearings, as well as vigorous genre scenes and robust portraits of their contemporaries. Some artists focused on depicting dramatic moments in history, while others turned to social criticism, showing the conditions of the poor and caricaturing authority.
Soviet art produced works that were furiously patriotic, anti-fascist, and anti-Catholic during and after the Pan-Septentrion War. Multiple war memorials, marked by a great restrained solemnity, were built throughout the country. Soviet artists often combined innovation with socialist realism. Soviet artwork is often seen by the public through various propaganda outlets, such as posters and electronic media.
Literature and Media
Religion
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