Petrine See

Petrine See Sedes Petri (Solarian) Sede di Pietro(Vespasian) Siège de Pierre(Gaullican)
Flag Coat of arms of Coat of arms
Anthem: "Tu es Petrus" "You are Peter"
Capital	Solaria (de jure) (consists of extraterritorial properties in Solaria, Etruria)
Episcopal polity	Diocese of Solaria (Universal jurisdiction)
Languages	Solarian (official) Vespasian Gaullican
Religion	Solarian Catholic Church
Demonym(s)	Petrine Pontifical Papal
Type	Apostolic episcopal see of the Bishop of Solaria and universal jurisdiction of the Solarian Catholic Church
Government	Theocratic elective absolute monarchy
• Pope	Joseph
• Secretary of State	Jean-Jacques Bittencourt
Sovereign subject of international law
• Established	1st century by Saint Peter
• Emperor's Donation to Saint Peter	888
• Ecclesiastical State	989-1789
• Annexation by the Etrurian First Republic	1789
• Flight to Verlois	1789-1810
• Treaty of Solaria	1810
• Made non-member observer of Community of Nations	1953
• Curia Reorganisation	1971

The Petrine See (Solarian:Sedes Petri, Vespasian: Sede di Pietro, Gaullican Siège de Pierre), also known as the See of Peter or as Tibernum, is a sovereign international entity, representing the Pope and his authority both over the Diocese of Solaria and the universal Solarian Catholic Church, the world's largest branch of Sotirianity, as well as the diplomatic affairs and temporal holdings of the church. Underneath the Pope, the Petrine See is also comprised of a large administration known as the Solarian Curia, which oversees various temporal and spiritual matters in the Church. Since 2011, the See has been headed by Pope Joseph.

In the first century, the Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul traveled to the city of Solaria, the capital of the Solarian Empire, and established a Sotirian community, with St. Peter traditionally being held as the city's first bishop. This community grew to special importance in the early church, with the Bishops of Solaria wielding significant authority, although some Sotirian churches dispute the extent of the power which the Bishops had. The Solarian Bishops came to be known as "Popes", and adopted several Solarian titles and prerogatives, especially after the centre of the Empire shifted to Verlois and Arciluco after the fall of Solaria. The Popes continued to remain in Solaria and maintain authority over the Sotirian churches, which was facilitated by their connexions to the Gaullican Emperors. Due to the great distance between Verlois and Solaria, the Popes began to exercise de facto control over the city of Solaria. Following the Tagamic Invasions and the actions of the "Warrior Pope" Paul III, the "Emperor's Donation to Saint Peter" ceded control of the city of Solaria to the Papacy in 888. In 989, the Papal territories were organised into the formal Ecclesiastical State.

For the next eight centuries, the Popes would rule over the Ecclesiastical State as sovereign temporal rulers, although until the Vespasian Revolt in 1035 it still owned some temporal recognition to the Gaullican Emperors. With political independence, the Popes would centralise their ecclesiastical authority, which would get them into conflicts with the temporal rulers in Euclea who wished to excercise control over clergy. Disputes about Papal Supremacy with the western Sotirian churches would eventually lead to the Great Schism and the departure of the Episemialist Church in 1385. The increase of ecclesial power and wealth triggered the Amendist Reaction in northern Euclea over matters of doctrine or percieved corruption. In 1789, the Etrurian First Republic annexed the Ecclesiastical State in an attempt to force the Pope to support their regime and policies; the Pope fled to Verlois, where he and his successors would remain until the royal restoration of the United Kingdom of Etruria in 1810. King Caio Aurelio I signed the Treaty of Solaria with Pope Sixtus XIX, confirming the Pope's independent sovereign status and control of extraterritorial property in the city of Solaria and establishing the Petrine See in its modern form. In 1971, the See would reorganise the Curia, including bringing back some offices which had been located in Verlois from the 1790s.

Since the middle ages, as well as from 1810, the Petrine See has been widely recognised as internationally sovereign in diplomatic affairs. In 1953, it was made a non-member observer of the Community of Nations. It maintains official diplomatic relations 65 CN Member states, through a system of apostolic nunciatures and diplomats known as nuncios, to deal with the affairs of the Catholic Church in each country. It also issues its own passports, coins, stamps and licence plates. However, the status of its sovereignty has been called into question by certain political figures and academics.

Etymology

The official name of the Petrine See is Sancta Sedes Petri ("The Holy See of Peter"), or translated as Santa Sede di Pietro or Saint Siège de Pierre, although it is common to refer to it simply as Sedes Petri. The word "Sedes" is a Solarian term which refers to a "seat", a description of the chair or cathedra which represents the authority of any Sotirian Bishop. The seat is attributed to Saint Peter, the founder of the Solarian Sotirian community, from whom it derives apostolic succession and Peter's authority as "Prince of the Apostles".

Ecclesiastical State

Ecclesiastical State
989–1789
Flag Coat of arms
Pope
• 984-996	Caritas VI
• 1775-1789	Alexander XVIII
History
• Established	989
• Annexation	1789
Preceded by Succeeded by Verliquoian Empire Etrurian First Republic