Borland (Kylaris)

This article is about the country in Kylaris. For other uses, see Borland.

Republic of Borland Republick op Borland Republik Borland
Flag Coat of arms
Location	Borland (dark green) within the Euclean Community (light green)
Capital and	Newstead
Official languages	Estmerish
Recognised national languages	Borish Weranian
Recognised regional languages	Azmaran Low Weranian
Demonym(s)	Borish, Borlander
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
Area
•	68,239 km2 (26,347 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 estimate	7,125,000
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	$513.5 billion
• Per capita	41500
Gini (2020)	27.8 low
Currency	Euclo (EUC)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+43
Internet TLD	.bo

Borland (/ˈbɒrlænd/; Borish pronunciation: /ˈbɔːrland/, Weranian pronunciation: [ˈbɔɐ̯lant] (Werania), [ˈbɔ(ː)rlɑnt] (Borland)), officially known as the Republic of Borland (Borish: Republick op Borland, Weranian: Republik Borland), is a country in Eastern Euclea, which is bordered by Estmere to the south-west and west, Werania to the north, Azmara to the north-east and the Gulf of Assonaire to the south. The capital and largest city of Borland is Newstead, other major cities including Westhaven, Olham, Stunhill, Outhall and Werlaigh.

History

 • Marauder Age

 • attempt by Richard I of Estmere to secure Borland, defeated 1050 → formation of league, acceleration of unification

 • personal union with Estmere

 • Great War (de facto autononomy with fall of Estmere (temporary), and independence 1936 (after referendum))

 • decentralization (of government), secularization (of the state), liberalization (of society), modernization (of the economy)

 • move from traditional parties (conservatives, nationalists, democratic socialists) to “new” parties (ÞC, GPB, þnS)

Geography

Borland is located in Eastern Euclea on the coast of the Gulf of Assonaire, spanning from the coastal plains of Hethland in the east via the plains and hills of the centreregions to the hills, valleys and mountains of the northwestern regions of Finstria and Burgh. The country is bordered by Estmere, Werania and Azmara.

Major rivers include the River Aire, which flows from Finstria through Norland and the Midlands to the south of Newstead and to the Lowlands, where it flows into the Gulf of Assonaire at Westhaven, the River Leith, which flows through Maynes–Yord and the Midlands before joining the River Aire just south of Newstead in Brigge, the River Haer which divides Hethland into what was historically North Hethland (Azmaran) and Hethland proper (Borland), before flowing into the Gulf of Assonaire at Newdune, and, the rivers Linn and Wader, which flow through Burgh. Furthermore, parts of the River XX together with the River Dover (which splits into the Upper Dover through Maancester and the Lower Dover through Yord as one goes upstream) form around half of the Azmaro-Borish border, while the wikipedia:River XZ forms part of the border with Estmere.

Borland lacks lakes of significant size, although there are several hundred smaller lakes, most notably in Maynes–Yord (whence the Borish name for Maynes: Manneghlaak). In Finstria and Burgh, especially in the formerly separate yend of Bergland, there are many smaller dams and resevoirs, the largest one being close to the stead of Werlew.

Climate

The climate of Borland is typical for northeastern Euclea.

Politics and Government

Political Parties

Main article: Political parties in Borland

Administrative Divisions

Main page: Administrative divisions of Borland (Kylaris)

Prior to the administrative reform of 1970, Borland was divided into three regions, which were divided into a total of fourteen yends, which were further subdivided into municipalities (cryes (counties) and steads (cities)). With the 1970 reform, the regions alongside the regional branches were, for the most part, abolished. Furthermore, several yends were combined, bringing the total number of yends down from fourteen to seven.

Military

Borland has a comparatively small military, officially referred to as “Army of the Republic of Borland” (Borish: Armië þer Republick op Borland/Armië op þe Republick op Borland, Weranian: Armee der Republik Borland) or simply “Army of Borland”. After independence, it was created to ensure the sovereignty of Borland, though the country started demilitarizing during the 1940s. Since the beginning, the Borish military has been a professional army, with conscription never having been implemented and having been specifically ruled out in 1984. Currently, it stands at around 2,500 active servicemen, though that includes not only soldiers, but also doctors and nurses, amongst others. They are most known for their work as national guard, border control and, formerly, as riot police.

Demographics

Borland is inhabited by over 7.1 million people, more than one seventh of which living within the capital of Newstead itself (1,105,000 people), with another 640,000 people living in adjacent cities and towns, adding up to a total of 1,790,000 people (just over 25% of the population) within the Newstead-Lewen conurbation.

There are ten cities in Borland with a population above 100,000, which have a combined population of 3.26 million people (or ca. 45.75% of the population). There are a further nineteen cities with a population above 20,000, which have a combined population of ca. 1.15 million people (or ca. 16.1% of the population), and twenty towns with a population between 10,000 and 20,000, which have a combined population of 315,150 people (ca. 4.4% of the population). In total, there are 51 cities and towns with a population above 10,000, inhabited by ca. 4.725 million people (about 66.32% of the population).

Demographically, several splits between different population groups can be observed within Borland. The most significant of these include the ethnolinguistic split of Borland (into Estmerish, Borish and Weranian) and a split on religious boundaries. Historically, this was within Sotirianity into the Amendist and Catholic churches, though a variety of (Amendist) Free Churches have been founded since the early to mid 20^th century.

Languages

According to census data, the most widely spoken native language in Borland is Borish, with ca. 4.847 million native speakers, which amounts to ca. 68.03% of the population. Furthermore, at least 2 million people claimed enough knowledge of Borish to hold a conversation in it, meaning at least 6.85 million people (c. 96.14%) of the population of Borland. Various studies identify many varieties of Borish vernacular Estmerish as closer to standard Borish than to standard or even dialectal Estmerish, meaning that the number of Borish speakers might be actually higher.
The traditional heartland of the Borish language consisted of Outhallside, Maynes, the Midlands and Hethland, the former of which maintaining the language even during Estmerish domination. Borish has spread into historically Azmaran-speaking areas, such as Yord and North Hethland over the past centuries, with early stages of an expansion into historically Estmerish- and Aldman-speaking areas being observable in census data, especially in Norland and parts of Burgh.
The standard variety of Borish is based on written Middle Borish as well as the spoken dialects of Outhall and Newstead. The main dialects of Borish are those of the Midlands, Outhallside, Maynes (incl. parts of inland Hethland), Yord and (coastal) Hethland. Besides these, there are also distinct dialects forming in the traditionally Estmerish-speaking areas, such as Westhaven or Norland.

The second most widely spoken language in Borland is Estmerish, spoken natively by about 1.456 million people (c. 20.44%), although this figure includes both Estmerish and Swathish, which is commonly dismissed as a dialect of Estmerish. During the 19^th and into the 20^th century, Estmerish was rapidly replacing spoken Borish, which was often also seen as little more than a particularly diverging dialect. Upon Independence, Estmerish was the majority language in the yends of Norland, Lowlands and Midlands (excluding Newstead), while being the plurality language in Newstead and South Hethland, although it has since regressed to being the majority language only in Norland, the Lowlands as well as some parts of the Midlands and South Hethland.
Traditional Estmerish dialects in Borland form a continuum from Norland to Westhaven, with the most distinctive dialects being those of urban Stunhill and the Westhaven metropolitan area.
Borish Estmerish differs from the Estmerish of Estmere, somewhat more in its spoken than in its written form. For instance, the second person singular pronoun “thou” (alongside the verbal conjugation -(e)st) has been retained in Borish Estmerish, with many speakers outside of Westhaven having a characteristic rhotic dialect in which the rhotic is an alveolar tap ([ɾ] in all positions. The latter of these is often the case in spoken standard Borish Estmerish as well, with written standard Borish Estmerish differing from written Estmerish Estmerish in a handful of spelling conventions (e.g. parlament, governement or fassade instead of parliament, government, façade/facade).

Similarly to Estmerish and Swathish, Weranian and Aldman are also combined, the two languages being spoken natively by 1.365 million (c. 19.16%) people in Borland. For most of history, the main language of North Borland was Aldman, although it was mostly replaced as a written and spoken standard by Weranian, with significant dialect levelling having happened since the mid-20^th.

Roughly 124,000 people in Borland (c. 1.74%) speak Azmaran natively, primarily around Yord and in North Hethland. Furthermore, Savader is spoken by 56,000 people in Borland (c. 0.79%), while only around 30,000 people claimed to be Savader in the same census.

Five languages have an officially recognized status in Borland: Borish, Estmerish, Weranian, Aldman and Azmaran. Of these, Borish is recognized as the official language on a national level, although it, Weranian and Estmerish and recognized as national languages. Furthermore, Aldman and Azmaran have a recognized status as regional languages. More recently, there have been calls to also give the Savader language official recognition.
All Borish people have the constitutional right to communicate with the government in their native language, including the right to an interpretor if their native language cannot otherwise have services provided in it.

Most Borish are proficient in at least two of the four national languages, many also being proficient in at least one foreign language. 90% of Borish claimed to be fluent in Estmerish, rising to 96% in provinces other than Finstria-Burgh, with 85% being fluent in and a further 96% saying they have at least conversational knowledge of Borish. With the national languages (Estmerish, Borish, Weranian, Aldman and Azmaran), most speakers speak local dialects of a given language rather than the standard form in their everyday life, with the proficiency in the standard form of the language varying across the country, but moreso across social classes.

The most common foreign languages other than Estmerish to be studied in Borland are Gaullican and Weranian. On average, Borish students rank among the highest in terms of Estmerish-language proficiency.

Education

Main page: Education in Borland

A diagram explaining the eduacation system of Borland.

Education is universally accessible and mandatory for ages six to sixteen (or years 1 to 10). The school system is divided into primary schools (years 1–5) and secondary schools (years 6–10), later into universities and professional schools which vary in length of schooling. Generally, schools in Borland are public since private schools had been temporarily banned after the country’s independence and only few private schools have opened since. Private kindergartens (including pre-schools) are widespread, however.

Primary schools (Borish: primearskoole(n)) are the first level of public education in Borland, with years 1 to 5 being nearly identical in all schools across the country in terms of the curriculum. One of the differences between primary schools is language education, with school children usually being instructed in their native language if available. Attendance of primary schools is mandatory starting with age six, with children who will have turned six over the course of the first semester of a given school year usually still being included, thus starting to go to school at age five.

Secondary schools (Borish: secondearskoole(n)) are subdivided into two types, both of which go from year 6 to 10. Years 6 and 7 are called “undergrades” (undergrader), years 8 and 9 are “middlegrades” (middelgrader) and year 10 (depending upon definition as well the years 11 and 12) is referred to as “overgrades” (overgrader). Attendance is mandatory until grade 10, or, until one reaches the age of 18 (though normally, students graduate from secondary school at age 16). Graduating from secondary school, students have to pass an array of exams at the end of year 10 which are called “general comparative exam” (GCE for short). Most professions require a GCE certificate, oftentimes passed above a set minimum mark and in specific subjects, and passing GCE with an average of 05/15 or better is required in order to be permitted to pass on to years 11 and 12, thus being a requirement for the matura exams.

Matura is a qualification granted after successful exams at the end of a two year period (years 11 and 12). Students pick five courses as their “matural courses” (Borish: maturalcurs(er)) which have between five and six lessons a week and in which they will write exams. Furthermore, students have to pick several other courses which typically have either two or four lessons a week so that they reach a minimum number of weekly lessons which varies between yends. Students are usually allowed to change their courses, especially matural courses, if they regret their earlier choices. Similar to the GCE exams, 05/15 is the passing mark in matura exams, although (in contrast to the GCE certificate) one is not allowed to fail one of the subjects. Students who fail one or more exams have the possibility of retaking a given exam up to twice. The primary exam dates and the exams themselves are the same across Borland, while the exam dates for those who failed the first exam or could not participate are chosen by any given school, albeit within a rough time frame provided by the ministry for education. After matura exams, students in year 12 no longer attend school, but have to wait until every exam is graded, with the matura certificate being handed out at the end of the school year before summer holidays. Those who failed and have to retake an exam may, however, have to wait much longer.

Universities

Professional schools (Borish: folksoverskoole(n)) are typically attended after receiving a GCE certificate, although it is often not necessarily required and many students have attempted or even passed matura or have been to university. During usually two or more years, students are taught a profession, which usually includes exams at the end of each semester and internships.

Other forms of education most prominently include paid internships and apprenticeship (grouped together as “payed education”), usually in private companies. For some professions, these are an alternative to professional schools or might be used in-tandem, although this depends on a given profession.

Health

Main article: Healthcare in Borland

Borland has a universal healthcare system that covers most medical and certain cosmetic procedures free of charge to all Borish residents, regardless of citizenship. Most hospitals, including university hospitals, are owned jointly by the state and the respective municipality. Smaller medical clinics are, however, owned privately with subsidized services and typically with specialization (e.g. in dentistry, women’s health or children’s health). Similarly, most services in the relatively few private hospitals are subsidized fully or in-part as part of the national health program or private insurances.

The national health program (Borish: rÿkssundhydsprogram, NSP) belongs to the Ministry of Health and was established in 1937 as part of the post-war reconstruction and improvement efforts within the field of healthcare. It is a form of universal health insurance that was initially supposed to be phased out in favour of private insurances, although this policy was reverted by the Borish government in the 1970s and 1980s. Everyone who pays taxes in Borland pays into the national healthcare fund from which the NSP draws most of its funding. In addition to this, about 65% of Borish pay for a private health insurance, which offer some services not included in the NSP as well as certain privileges, such as greater comfort or getting prioritized in non-emergencies in private clinics — which is illegal in public ones.

In most areas of medicine, Borland performs average for North-Eastern Euclea. The life expectancy in Borland is 75.5 years for men and 82.2 years for women (a difference of 6.7 years), averaging at 78.85 years. Birth rates are, for North Euclean standards, relatively high, with a fertility rate of 1.9, though this varies greatly regionally.