Chanwan War: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Duljunese War
| conflict = Chanwan War
| partof = [[Duljunese-Xiaodongese conflict]]
| partof = [[Chanwan-Xiaodongese conflict]]
| image = <imgur w="300">nZVUkhB.jpg</imgur>
| image =  
| caption = Clockwise from top left: Street protest in Guoshan against Xiaodongese rule in 1988; Xiaodongese {{Wp|Mil Mi-24|FT-32}} {{wp|attack helicopter}} with troops on the Huashan mountain range in 1990; [[Han Guanzheng]] entering Caofang after its liberation in 1996; Duljunese troops on patrol in Shiwen in 1992; government buildings in Hejintao being shelled during the Battle of Henjintao in 1996
in Guoshan against Xiaodongese rule in 1988; Xiaodongese {{Wp|Mil Mi-24|FT-32}} {{wp|attack helicopter}} with troops on the Huashan mountain range in 1990; [[Han Guanzheng]] entering Caofang after its liberation in 1994; Chanwan troops on patrol in Shiwen in 1992; government buildings in Hejintao being shelled during the Battle of Henjintao in 1993
| date = 26 July 1988 – 25 March 1996 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=26|year1=1988|month2=03|day2=25|year2=1996}})
| date = 26 July 1988 – 25 March 1994 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=07|day1=26|year1=1988|month2=03|day2=25|year2=1994}})
| place = [[Duljun]], [[Xiaodong]]
| place = [[Autonomous Province of Chanwa]], [[Xiaodong]]
| casus = Declaration of independence of Duljun rejected by [[Qian Xingwen]]
| casus = Declaration of independence of Chanwa rejected by [[Qian Xingwen]]
| result = Xiaodongese Victory
| result = Xiaodongese Victory
| combatant2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] [[Independent Republic of Duljun|Duljun IR]]<br>[[File:DPLF flag.png|28px]] [[Duljunese People's Liberation Front|DPFL]]<br>[[File:Workers' Army of Duljun.png|23px]] [[Workers' Army of Duljun|WAD]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] [[Chanwan Republic]]<br>[[File:DPLF flag.png|28px]] [[Chanwan People's Liberation Front|CPFL]]<br>[[File:Workers' Army of Duljun.png|23px]] [[Workers' Army of Chanwa|WAC]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Xiaodong}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|Xiaodong}}
*{{flagicon|Duljun}} [[Duljun|Duljun SAR]]
[[File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png|23px]] [[Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps|SDC]]
[[File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png|23px]] [[Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps|SDC]]
| commander2 =[[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] [[C’ygiya]]{{executed}}<br>[[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] [[Duri Elhuiejet]]<br>[[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] [[Fugiya Akjanul]] {{surrendered}}<br>[[File:DPLF flag.png|28px]] [[Kode Urhugeci]]<br>[[File:DPLF flag.png|28px]] [[Malara Ikulha]]{{executed}}<br>[[File:Workers' Army of Duljun.png|23px]] [[Ju Nanggiya]]{{KIA}}<br>[[File:Workers' Army of Duljun.png|23px]] [[Dkdari Akjanul]]
| commander2 = tba
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} [[Qian Xingwen]]{{KIA}} <br> {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} [[Yang Zhengming]] <br> {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Qing Hongshu{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Wang Xitong<br>{{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Liu Desheng<br>{{flagicon|Duljun}} [[Longkodo Ukudenggi]]<br>[[File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png|23px]] Zhang Zhenhua
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} [[Qian Xingwen]]{{KIA}} <br> {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} [[Yang Zhengming]] <br> {{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Qing Hongshu{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Wang Xitong<br>{{flagicon|Xiaodong}} Liu Desheng<br>[[File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png|23px]] Zhang Zhenhua
| strength2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] '''[[Duljunese Republic|Duljun]]'''<br>100,000 (1988)<br>520,000 (1996)
| strength2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] '''[[Chanwan Republic|Chanwa]]'''<br>100,000 (1988)<br>520,000 (1996)
| strength1 = '''{{flag|Xiaodong}}'''<br>150,000 (1988)<br>870,000 (1996)
| strength1 = '''{{flag|Xiaodong}}'''<br>150,000 (1988)<br>870,000 (1996)
| casualties2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] 150,000-300,000 soldiers or militants killed
| casualties2 = [[File:Duljan Kingdom Flag.png|30px]] 150,000-300,000 soldiers or militants killed
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| casualties3 = 275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed<br>2,000,000 displaced
| casualties3 = 275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed<br>2,000,000 displaced
}}
}}
The '''Duljunese War''' was an armed conflict within the territory of [[Duljun]] held between the armed forces and affiliated militia groups of the [[Xiaodong|Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong]] and the breakaway [[Independent Republic of Duljun]] from the declaration of independence of Duljun in July 1988 to the defeat of the Duljunese separatist forces in March 1996.  
The '''Chanwan War''' was an armed conflict within the territory of [[Autonomous Province of Chanwa|Xiaodongese Chanwa]] held between the armed forces and affiliated militia groups of the [[Xiaodong|Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong]] and the breakaway [[Chanwan Republic]] from the declaration of independence of Chanwa in July 1988 to the defeat of the Duljunese separatist forces in March 1994.  


Following the [[Orchid Revolution]] in January 1988 the Xiaodongese government under [[Qian Xingwen]] promised to grant {{Wp|devolution}} to Duljun, holding elections in the region in June 1988. The elections were won by the pro-independence [[Duljunese People's Liberation Front]] (DPFL) under [[C’ygiya]]. Despite threats from the central government to deploy the [[Xiaodongese Defence Force]], the C'ygiya government declared the independence of Duljun on the 26 July, resulting in the [[Council of Ministers of Xiaodong|Council of Ministers]] to declare {{wp|martial law}} and deploy troops to the region, officially starting the Duljunese war.  
Following the [[Orchid Revolution]] in January 1988 the Xiaodongese government under [[Qian Xingwen]] promised to grant {{Wp|devolution}} to Chawa, holding elections in the region in June 1988. The elections were won by the pro-independence [[Chawan People's Liberation Front]] (CPFL) under [[tba]]. Despite threats from the central government to deploy the [[Xiaodongese Defence Force]], the Chanwan government declared the independence of Chanwa on the 26 July, resulting in the [[State Presidium (Xiaodong)|State Presidium]] to declare {{wp|martial law}} and deploy troops to the region, officially starting the Chanwan war.  


The war saw the formation of pro-independence and pro-unionist militia's in Duljun, mainly split along ethnic lines. A badly planned offensive by Xiaodong in 1989 and a successful Duljunese one almost saw the collapse of Xiaodongese forces in 1991, before the better equipped and trained army started to advance between 1993-1995. The siege of Henjintao from 1995-1996 saw the fall of the city to Xiaodongese forces, leading the conflict to enter an "insurgency phase" which ended with the capture of the rebel city of Caofang in March 1996. The was as a whole was characterised by bitter fighting, indiscriminate shelling of cities and towns, ethnic cleansing and systematic mass rape committed by both Xiaodongese and Duljunese forces. The most infamous incident was the 1993 Chunjian massacre by Duljunese paramilitaries that saw the death of 9,000 ethnic Xiaodongese people.  
The war saw the formation of pro-independence and pro-unionist militia's in Chanwa, mainly split along ethnic lines. A badly planned offensive by Xiaodong in 1989 and a successful Chanwan one almost saw the collapse of Xiaodongese forces in 1991, before the better equipped and trained army started to advance between 1993-1995. The siege of Henjintao from 1995-1996 saw the fall of the city to Xiaodongese forces, leading the conflict to enter an "insurgency phase" which ended with the capture of the rebel city of Caofang in March 1996. The was as a whole was characterised by bitter fighting, indiscriminate shelling of cities and towns, ethnic cleansing and systematic mass rape committed by both Xiaodongese and Chanwan forces. The most infamous incident was the 1993 Chunjian massacre by Chanwan paramilitaries that saw the death of 9,000 ethnic Xiaodongese people.  


The Duljunese war had a profound effect on the region, altering its ethnic makeup and leading to the crushing of Duljun's separatist movement. The war saw very high casualty rates with between 100,000-400,000 Xiaodongese killed and 150,000-300,000 on the Duljunese side, whilst 275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed and 2,000,000 displaced.  
The Chanwan war had a profound effect on the region, altering its ethnic makeup and leading to the crushing of Chanwa's separatist movement. The war saw very high casualty rates with between 100,000-400,000 Xiaodongese killed and 150,000-300,000 on the Chanwan side, whilst 275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed and 2,000,000 displaced.  
==Background==
==Background==
===Ethnic tensions===
===Ethnic tensions===
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===Declaration of independence===
===Declaration of independence===
==Factions of the war==
==Factions of the war==
===Duljunese===
===Chanwan===
===Xiaodongese===
===Xiaodongese===
==Course of the war==
==Course of the war==
===Initial fighting (1988)===
===Initial fighting (1988)===
===First Xiaodongese offensive (1989-1990)===
===First Xiaodongese offensive (1989-1990)===
===Duljunese offensive (1991-1992)===
===Chanwan offensive (1991-1992)===
===Stalemate (1992-1994)===
===Stalemate (1992-1993)===
===Second Xiaodongese offensive (1995-1996)===
===Second Xiaodongese offensive (1993-1994)===
==Atrocities==
==Atrocities==
===Massacres===
===Massacres===

Revision as of 15:47, 1 June 2020

Chanwan War
Part of Chanwan-Xiaodongese conflict
[[File:in Guoshan against Xiaodongese rule in 1988; Xiaodongese FT-32 attack helicopter with troops on the Huashan mountain range in 1990; Han Guanzheng entering Caofang after its liberation in 1994; Chanwan troops on patrol in Shiwen in 1992; government buildings in Hejintao being shelled during the Battle of Henjintao in 1993|frameless|upright=1]]
Date26 July 1988 – 25 March 1994 (5 years, 7 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
Location
Result Xiaodongese Victory
Belligerents

 Xiaodong

File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png SDC
Duljan Kingdom Flag.png Chanwan Republic
File:DPLF flag.png CPFL
File:Workers' Army of Duljun.png WAC
Commanders and leaders
Shangea Qian Xingwen 
Shangea Yang Zhengming
Shangea Qing Hongshu 
Shangea Wang Xitong
Shangea Liu Desheng
File:Xiaodongese Self-Defence Corps.png Zhang Zhenhua
tba
Strength
 Xiaodong
150,000 (1988)
870,000 (1996)
Duljan Kingdom Flag.png Chanwa
100,000 (1988)
520,000 (1996)
Casualties and losses
Shangea 100,000-400,000 soldiers killed Duljan Kingdom Flag.png 150,000-300,000 soldiers or militants killed
275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed
2,000,000 displaced

The Chanwan War was an armed conflict within the territory of Xiaodongese Chanwa held between the armed forces and affiliated militia groups of the Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong and the breakaway Chanwan Republic from the declaration of independence of Chanwa in July 1988 to the defeat of the Duljunese separatist forces in March 1994.

Following the Orchid Revolution in January 1988 the Xiaodongese government under Qian Xingwen promised to grant devolution to Chawa, holding elections in the region in June 1988. The elections were won by the pro-independence Chawan People's Liberation Front (CPFL) under tba. Despite threats from the central government to deploy the Xiaodongese Defence Force, the Chanwan government declared the independence of Chanwa on the 26 July, resulting in the State Presidium to declare martial law and deploy troops to the region, officially starting the Chanwan war.

The war saw the formation of pro-independence and pro-unionist militia's in Chanwa, mainly split along ethnic lines. A badly planned offensive by Xiaodong in 1989 and a successful Chanwan one almost saw the collapse of Xiaodongese forces in 1991, before the better equipped and trained army started to advance between 1993-1995. The siege of Henjintao from 1995-1996 saw the fall of the city to Xiaodongese forces, leading the conflict to enter an "insurgency phase" which ended with the capture of the rebel city of Caofang in March 1996. The was as a whole was characterised by bitter fighting, indiscriminate shelling of cities and towns, ethnic cleansing and systematic mass rape committed by both Xiaodongese and Chanwan forces. The most infamous incident was the 1993 Chunjian massacre by Chanwan paramilitaries that saw the death of 9,000 ethnic Xiaodongese people.

The Chanwan war had a profound effect on the region, altering its ethnic makeup and leading to the crushing of Chanwa's separatist movement. The war saw very high casualty rates with between 100,000-400,000 Xiaodongese killed and 150,000-300,000 on the Chanwan side, whilst 275,000-1,500,000 civilians killed and 2,000,000 displaced.

Background

Ethnic tensions

Orchid Revolution

Declaration of independence

Factions of the war

Chanwan

Xiaodongese

Course of the war

Initial fighting (1988)

First Xiaodongese offensive (1989-1990)

Chanwan offensive (1991-1992)

Stalemate (1992-1993)

Second Xiaodongese offensive (1993-1994)

Atrocities

Massacres

Rape

Aftermath