Emerstari

New Federal Republic of Emerstari Niy Foderepublik Emerstari
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto: "Ervinner Hara åg Frihet" "Eternal Honor and Liberty"
Anthem: "Ervinner Rikett" "The Eternal Nation" Royal anthem: "Kuingettssjung" "The King's Song
– Emerstari and Inner Territorium (dark green) – North Scanian League (green) – Arda en' Estel (gray)
Emerstari 17 states and capital district
Capital	Coronet and Rensulier
Largest city	Yoerk
Official languages	Emerstarian
Recognised national languages	Emerstarian and English
Recognised regional languages	Canarian, Coelanish, Norrosprak
Ethnic groups (2015)	Emerstarians and North Scanians (89%) South and East Scanians (2.9%) Other (8.1%)
Demonym(s)	Emerstarian • Emer
Government	Federal Crowned Presidential Republic
• President	Eric J. Jaems (FP)
• Monarch	Eric XII
• Vice President	Eugen Robertsen
• Chief Justice	John Terry
Legislature	Foderal Kongress
• Upper house	Foderal Samdet and Hus av Herrer
• Lower house	Foderal Hus av Folk
History
• First Emerstarian Empire Established	329 BC
• First Emerstarian Empire Collapsed	AD 422
• Kingdom of Emerstari Established	AD 1047
• Eurevian Rebirth began in Emerstari	AD 1444
• Republic Established	AD 1756
Area
• Total	1,872,819.35 km2 (723,099.59 sq mi)
• Water (%)	10.1
Population
• 2018 estimate	203,125,000
• 2015 census	203,050,731
• Density	108.42/km2 (280.8/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$11.541 trillion
• Per capita	$56,837.81
Currency	Shilling (S) (SHI)
Time zone	Western Scanian Time
Date format	mm/dd/yyyy
Driving side	right
Internet TLD	.ei

Emerstari (Emerstarian: Emerstari [ˈɛmərstɑɾi]), officially the New Federal Republic of Emerstari (Emerstarian: Niy Foderepublik Emerstari), is a sovereign state in the Scanian Peninsula in the western continent of Arda en' Estel. The country is bordered to the west by Coelans, and to the south by Canaria and Roele. Emerstari has dual capitals, Coronet and Rensulier whilst the nation's largest city and main commercial center is Yoerk. Emerstari has a population of 203 million and a land area of 1,872,819.35 km² (1,163,715.99 mi²), making it one of the largest nations in Arda en' Estel. It was a founding member of both the Venson Union, Estelian Council, and North Scanian League; thus, today it remains a leading economic and political power within the region as well as the world.

Most historians agree upon the fact that the earliest inhabitants of Emerstari entered what is, in modern-day, the Emerstarian state, Valparaiso, approximately 16,000 years ago. These settlers were a nomadic hunter-gatherer group known as the Norrnybyrrerer (Emerstarian: Northern Settler). Most of modern-day Emerstari was part of the Kingdom of Corønsk in the 700s BC and then eventually, in the 300s BC, it evolved into the First Emerstarian Empire. The Emerstarian Empire collapsed into numerous kingdoms in AD 422; however, the Emerstarian homeland was reunited as the Kingdom of Emerstari in 1047. Since the Age of Discovery, Emerstari has had a significant cultural impact on the world due to its many colonies and strong monarchical dynasty. The Industrial Revolution commenced in the Federal Republic of Emerstari in the 1760s transforming it into one of the earliest industrialized nations.

The current President of Emerstari is Eric Jeffery Jaems, who was inaugurated on January 16, 2018, for a second term. The current monarch is Eric XII Georg who ascended to the throne following his father's abdication on July 7, 1994. Emerstari is a federal crowned republic with a presidential system; there are seventeen states. The Foderal Kongress is a tricameral legislative organ with its three houses being the Foderal Samdet, Foderal Hus av Folk, and the Hus av Herrer. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Emerstari. The Supreme Court has seven judges who serve for life; they are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Foderal Samdet.

The terrain of Emerstari in its western half is chiefly low hills and plains; in the north, there are many highlands and fjords; its east is mostly forested whilst its south has copious bodies of water. Climate zones in Emerstari include oceanic, subarctic, humid-continental, and tundra climate zones.

Etymology

The name Emerstari first appeared as Emejransstjarnsien in the 300s BC in reference to the First Emerstarian Empire. It derives from the Proto-Scanian words emejr, stjarnigi, and the suffix ien meaning land, which together, mean "Emers' star's land." Most historians believe that stjarnigi or star refers to the god, Hugerskaptor, of the ancient Emerstarian religion for the ancient Emerstarians believed he lived in the stars.

The name Emer, or Emejr, is believed to have derived from either of two Proto-Scanian words: emfjokkare meaning herder or jagemr meaning hunter.

History

Early History

Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras

Most archaeological finds suggest that the earliest tribes of Homo Sapiens entered what is today western Emerstari approximately 16,500 years ago from more southern regions of Scania and furthermore Eurevia. The settlers were nomadic hunter-gatherers known today as the Norrnybyrrerer Culture (Northern Settlers in Emerstarian). Evidence indicates that the Norrnybyrrerer lived in lavvus and followed the herds of reindeer that grazed on the tundra plains of this area. At this point, there was little plant cover, except for an occasional white birch three; however, slowly taigas appeared. Cave art discovered in nearby mountains reveal that during the winter months, the Norrnybyrrerer would dwell there for the season.

Petroglyphs from Emerstari dating to about 12,000 years ago

Further discoveries, ones of burial mounds, have found that the Norrnybyrrerer lived in bands of no more than a few dozens. Moreover, artifacts that date to the era insinuate that typically an assemblage of Chieftains governed each tribe. They mostly led religious ceremonies and also made important decisions regarding their band. Historians believe that the Norrnybyrrerer worshipped a single deity, Hugerskaptor (Higher Creator in Emerstarian). According to documents from much later – though from a time when Hugerskaptor was still worshipped – 271 BC, the Ancient Emerstarians believed that Hugerskaptor was a benevalent deity who had created the Earth, sun, moon, and all other things that existed for his children, humans and animals.

Around 13,400 BC, during a warming period, the Norrnybyrrerer began hunting more substantial game such as bison (although today, the Scanian Bison’s population in Emerstari is minuscule). The Norrnybyrrerer also soon began to spread eastward as well as southwards at this time, though still retained their nomadic lifestyle; historians enumerate that as many as 20,000 people may have lived in what is modern-day Emerstari at this point. Historians also believe that it was during this epoch, that the peoples of Emerstari domesticated the dog.

Local climate changes around 10,000 BC initiated the first settling of the northern reaches of Emerstari as well as the initiation of the Boreal age; for the next 2,000 years, the aforementioned climatic phase reigned in Emerstari. In the 7th millennium BC, the climate in Emerstari and furthermore all of Scania, was warming as it transitioned from the Boreal age to the Sjoska period. The animals and their hunters and already migrated and inhabited the lands of northern Emerstari. To the south, the Haansta Culture had diverged from the Norrnybyrrerer and made their own religion, as well. Their religion, as opposed to Emejrstru – the faith of the Norrnybyrrerer – was polytheistic religion with around 50 gods. In southern Emerstari, the Haansta Culture lived in seasonal camps along the shores and close to forests whereas in the north, the Norrnybyrrerer would follow herds of game and the salmon runs; during winter, the Norrnybyrrerer would migrate south, then travel north again during summer.

Comb found in Halsted, Emerstari

In the 6th millennium BC, Scania was generally warmer and more humid than it is today and its southern regions were blanketed in lush temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. Animals such as aurochs, bison, moose, and red deer roamed freely and were preyed upon by both the Haansta and Norrnybyrrere Cultures. At this point, another group split from the Norrnybyrrerer and traveled north to the modern-day Haller Islands; this people became the Oarner Culture. By the end of this millennium, sea levels rose and created a further divide between the Norrnybyrrere and the Oarner Cultures.

In the 5th millennium BC, the peoples of Emerstari learned pottery from neighboring tribes to the south and southwest, who had begun to cultivate land and keep animals. Around 4,000 BC, a new culture appeared in Emerstari; however, this group had not separated from one of the others, rather, it migrated to Emerstari from what is present-day Rhenland. They introduced new technology, but not agriculture; this people is known as the Cønjaskflod Culture due to their settlement along the Cønjaskflod.

The language of these groups is not known; however, at this time, a new family of languages was introduced all across Scania. In Emerstari, a dialect of this family, Proto-Scanian, was being spoken. Evidence from this period shows that circa 3,000 BC, the Emerstarian peoples began to domesticate cattle. The earliest ancestor to the term Emerstarian developed during this period: emfjokkare, which means herder.

Settlements in the Emerstarian Bronze Age consisted mainly of single farmsteads, with no substantial towns or villages known; these farmsteads usually consisted of a longhouse as well as a four-post build structures around it. These longhouses were originally two-aisled, but after about 1300 BC, three-aisled longhouses became normal. Usually, these settlements were by the sea.

Soon, these modest farmsteads evolved into small villages; the inhabitants of these villages farmed wheat, millet, and barley; the Emerstarians kept cattle, sheep, and pigs; they ate deer, elk, and fish as well. Evidence of oven being used as draught animals has been found and domesticated dogs were common; horses, at this point, were rarer and are believed to have been status symbols.

Although, rock carvings from this era are copious, written language did not exist in Emerstari at this point. The carvings have been dated through comparison with depicted artifacts, for example, bronze axes and swords; there are numerous rock carvings from even earlier that have been found, but those mostly portray elk and other animals. Thousands of rock carvings from this era also depicts ships and large stone burial monuments known as stone ships.

Pottery from the old Kingdom of Flodlanda

The oldest known written document in Emerstari is dated to be from circa 1050 BC; it is a treaty between two Norrnybyrreresk tribes known as the Buktfolker and the Slættfolker establishing the first city-state in Emerstari. Gradually, more and more city-states appeared; these sovereignties were commonly led by kings who acted as religious leaders, although, there existed some elements of direct democracy as well. The establishment of these states also brought forth the first wars in Emerstarian history. A war between two alliances of city-states in southwestern Emerstari called the Valley War, which occurred sometime between 1010 BC and 990 BC, was the first of these to be documented. Additionally, a climatic change coincided with the founding of city-states; Emerstari’s climate at this point was colder and wetter than it had been during the Neolithic Era.

Progressively, each of these city-states expanded their own territory while absorbing the others; by 791 BC, most of what is modern-day Emerstari was either controlled by the Kingdom of Flodlanda, the Kingdom of Corønskien, and the Kingdom of Kostlanda. The Kingdoms of Flodlanda and Corønskien both followed the religion of Emejrstru whilst the people of Kostlanda practiced a polytheistic religion derived from that of the Haansta Culture. This religious divide caused tension between the monotheists and polytheists of Emerstari; in 756 BC, the Kingdom of Kostlanda was annexed by the Kingdom of Corønskien. Under Corønskien rule, many of the Kostlandsk pagans fled to the more rural regions of the southwest.

Emerstarian Empire

In 756 BC, Emerstari was now divided between the two aforementioned kingdoms; however, in the following years, the King of Corønskien began a campaign to conquer the northernmost kingdom – Flodlanda. Records date that in 748 BC, the King of Corønskien reigned over all of present-day Emerstari including the Haller Islands; most historians agree to recognize him as Afelharð Sigardsson; the Kings of Corønskien are believed to have been elected by an assembly of Sjæmlengra – representatives from various areas of the kingdom – to serve for life.

Although Corønskien had been the most technologically advanced of all the Emerstarian kingdoms, foreign kingdoms to the south and southwest were more advanced and the Kingdom of Guillia, in particular, is known to have seen the growing Emerstarian nation as a threat. In 729 BC, Guilla invaded Corønskien; however, the Corønskra prevailed. According to sources from the 400s BC, no Guillian army made it past the Renauska River in western Emerstari – though most historians believe this to be an exaggeration as it was written by Emerstarians nearly three centuries after the fact. Regardless, it is known that after two years of a defensive campaign, several armies led by King Ælþrich Aggnarsson marched into the northern reaches of Guillia (in the southwestern regions of present-day Coelansk) and conquered numerous cities; experts believe that the Coelansk natives may have aided Aggnarsson in his takeover of the region as they were more culturally, religiously, linguistically, and ethnically similar to the Corønskra than to the Guillians.

For several centuries, the Kingdom of Corønskien gradually expanded its borders westward – this is because to the south were Clemencian cultures whereas to the west were Scanian cultures, which the Corønskra were a part of. In 329 BC when King Harðild Hroudnersson’s armies reached Lake Walchensee in modern-day Saexia, he claimed the title of Kaisaraz (by this point in time, the peoples of modern-day Emerstari were speaking what is today known as Proto-Old North Scanian) and initiated several governmental reforms upon his return to Corønskburg (modern Coronet). Records from the successor to the Kingdom of Guilla, the Empire of Marsie, document that Hrodunersson founded the Emerstarian Empire in 328 BC; however, most things did not change. For example, the Sjæmlengra Assembly remained and the method of electing the Kings did not change for the Kaisaraz.

Kaisaraz Finner Einarrsson

Around AD 54, Christian explorers from a region unknown to the Emerstarians arrived and the religion began to spread in what is northern and central Emerstari in modern-day. It was in AD 67, that Kaisaraz Finnr Einarrsson converted to Christianity and made it the state religion as opposed to Emejrstru. Christianity, in the following decades, did spread throughout most of the empire; however, pagan religions persisted in the southeast and far north of Emerstari as well as in the western reaches of the Emerstarian Empire.

In AD 78, the Emerstarian Empire was at its territorial height; however, the religious divide caused a civil war and copious western provinces seceded. The Scanian Religious Wars, as it is now regarded lasted until AD 72; fearing Emerstari’s neighbors such as the Empire of Marsie and the Kingdom of Magyarna might invade, Kaisaraz Uldrich Regenhardsson commissioned the construction of numerous walls and forts. Some of these fortifications like the Wall of Cori and the Finska Wall still exist while some of the forts evolved into modern-day cities like Leipze and Bernharde. Circa AD 100, Proto-North Scanian evolved into Old North Scanian; this language was spoken across much of the northern empire whereas Old South Scanian and Old East Scanian was spoken in the southern half.

After an epoch known as the Frids’ Alder – or the Age of Peace – that lasted from AD 170 to AD 240, where there was great economic prosperity in the Emerstarian Empire, Kaisaraz Ældrað Ragnersson initiated a struggle in attempt keep the Kaisarazship within his family. Ultimately, he failed, and a twelve-year-long civil war began; Ragnersson died during the Battle of Vasterflod – near the land which the modern-day Vasterflodmilitærakadami is located upon. Most historians agree that this civil war, Ragnersson’s War as it is called today, began the Declination of the Emerstarian Empire.

Many Sjæmlengra feared others would attempt to consolidate power, as well, and for thirty-three years, 256 to 289, the Emerstarian Empire became a Republic led by a Hogsjæmlengor; however, in 289 after years of ineffective and weak leadership, as well as inflation, the empire was restored by General Konrad Agmundrsson relatively peacefully.

The body of Folki Bjornsson as painted by Lorens Jenssen in 1867

In AD 422, Kaisaraz Inge Hrœkarrsson died only two months into his reign – the cause is still unknown to this day but historians assume he was poisoned – and the Sjæmlengrasjæmleng selected five new nominees for the office in May of 422. By August, one of those five nominees, Folki Bjornsson, was selected; however, at his coronation, a group of assassins hired by one of the other nominees stabbed him twenty-two times. His death marked the end of the Emerstarian Empire as it caused copious generals, Sjæmlengra, and other individuals of power to fight amongst each other and divide the empire.

Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages

Helmet of the Vikingra from circa AD 600

By 430, what is now Emerstari was divided into fourteen different kingdoms; the most powerful ones of which was the Kingdom of Yœrk and the Kingdom of Corønska – the latter claiming to be successor to the old Kingdom of Corønskien and the Emerstarian Empire. While most of northern Emerstari, the Christians of Emerstari, mourned the dissolution of the Emerstarian Empire, the pagans of the south were now free of religious persecution. Traders and raiders from the pagan southern Emerstari, known as Vikingra, sailed in longboats, raiding the coasts the north as well as the coasts copious other modern-day countries in both Eurevia and Eastern Arda; some even settled in the regions they raided.

Helemt of the Vikingra from circa AD 800

For the next several centuries, the northern kingdoms were in a quasi-war state with the southern kingdoms and vice-versa; although, they also warred against one another occasionally. In AD 523, war broke out between the Kingdom of Yœrk and an alliance of all the southern kingdoms resulting in its annexation and furthermore, persecution of its Christian population. Therefore, in 528, the Kingdom of Corønska and Kingdom of Otopien declared war to reclaim Yœrk for Christianity; however, upon the war’s end, the King of Otopien – Eysteinn Eirikrsson – claimed all of Yœrk for himself. This action resulted in the Kingdom of Corønska alongside an alliance of all the northern kingdoms threatened war in an attempt to keep the balance of power. A group of nobles within the Kingdom of Otopien then overthrew Eirikrsson, killing him, and then ceding Yœrk to its former king’s son in 541.

In 821, the King of Cojarnien converted to Christianity and forced all pagans in Cojarnien to convert; those who did not, were either killed or exiled to the last remaining pagan kingdom in Emerstari, the Kingdom of Ontarji. His conversion is also recognized by historians as the end of the Emerstarian Vikingr Age as Ontarji had no access to the sea.

It was in 872 that King Lograd Iðunnsson of Ontarji finally converted; throughout the subsequent decades, all of Emerstari was gradually converted to Christianity – Catholicism, in particular. Meanwhile, in the north, the Kingdom of Marlanda was launching campaigns across the Norrkanal to conquer the Kingdom of Haller; by 900, all of the Haller Islands had been annexed by Marlanda.

In 938, the Kingdom of Corønska began to attack and conquer the kingdoms of the north; in 946, the Kingdom of Marlanda-Haller fell and in 950, the Kingdom of Valperæsien. In 1011, the King of Whentii died under mysterious circumstances – although most historians concur that he died of a heart attack – and due to a dynastic marriage, Whentii was absorbed into Corønska. On December 12th of 1036, Eirikr IV of Corønska was crowned king; he was distantly related to a family that during the time of the Emerstarian Empire held several seats in the Sjæmlengrasjæmleng and been Kaisaraz at least once. With this claim, Eirikr IV renamed Corønska, Emerstari, and demanded all remaining kingdoms of Emerstari become subject to him. Only a single King became a vassal of Eirikr, Sigurð of Verni.

Eric I of Emerstari

Eirikr IV began his march to the Kingdom of Ontarji on March 27th; according to monks from the period, with him, Eirikr had nearly 4,000 fyrd, 2,500 housecarls, and 2,000 knights. Eleven-years-later, in Spring of 1047, King Gudtvan of Otopien was supposedly killed by an arrow piercing his skull; upon his death, Eirikr conquered the rest of Otopien and returned to Coronet where he was crowned Eirikr I, Kuing Emerstari on December 25th, 1047. He also established the House of Eirikr, or today is known as the House of Eric, which has been the Royal House of Emerstari several times through history as well as in modern-day.

High Middle Ages

In 1146, the House of Eric’s rule ceased when Charles I – the King who established relations with Rolech, who would become one of Emerstari’s closest allies – died without a son and thus his nephew, of House Sigfredsson – Harald I – became King of Emerstari.

Most experts in the field of linguistics are in agreement that the Old Emerstarian – Eldskemersk – split from Old North Scanian; Old Emerstarian, the direct ancestor to modern Emerstari, was a continuum of dialects across the kingdom; however, the Corønsk Dialect was the one of the ruling class. Today, too, Emerstarian has many dialects; although, in modern-day it is much more standardized than it was in the 1200s.

It was in the 1200s that two major wars in Emerstarian history occurred; the 50 Years’ War that began in 1212 and the Imperial-Polsky War that began in 1291. The 50 Years’ War began due to a dynastic marriage between Emerstari and Marseile; the Kings of both nations claimed right to the throne of Roele. Ultimately, Roele was subjugated by Marseile into a personal union and there was a brief truce in 1231; however, war sparked again when King Karl II of Emerstari had ambitions to reclaim land that had once been part of the Emerstarian Empire but now was part of Marseile – the Duchy of Mailes. Emerstari, allied with Canaria, eventually conquered Mailes and the war mostly settled down; however, a treaty was not signed until twenty-seven-years-later in 1262.

Late Middle Ages

In 1291, the Duchy of Polszcyznie declared war on the Holy Scanian Empire (a confederation of duchies in Central Scania that lasted from 821 until 1827); the current Royal House of Emerstari had had a dynastic alliance with the current Emperor of the Holy Scanian Empire and therefore was requested to help them defend the westernmost duchies from Polszcyznie. In 1293, the war ended with the Treaty of Lodz; there were no notable gains on either side during the war.

Circa 1355, a plague broke out in Nuova Toscana via returning merchants; by 1357, the disease had spread all across Emerstari. Estimates from the University of Rensulier determine that nearly 50% of the Emerstarian population, or 3,700,000 people died during the plague. It lasted until a blizzard in 1359 where the cold killed off many of the bugs and rodents that were spreading it.

Roughly forty-years after the plague, in the 1390s, due to historical marriages between each nation’s royal families, the Kingdom Coelansk and the Kingdom of Sverig – along with its vassal, the Duchy of Soumland – entered into a person union with Emerstari. In 1421, however, the personal union between Emerstari, Coelansk, and Sverig ended when Emerstari’s Royal House, the House of Caans, was replaced by the short-lived House of Aldburg. Unprepared for a war, King Wilhelm II did not attempt to force Coelansk and Sverig to remain in the union and thus contributed to his unpopularity.

Early Modern Era

Eurevian Rebirth

Then in 1438, Wilhelm II’s equally unpopular son, Christian I, died of an isolated break out of the aforementioned plague near Caans Castle – a castle he visited shortly before his death. Upon his death, eleven people claimed Emerstari’s throne: King Louis XIII of Marseile, King Hans II of Coelansk, Emperor Frederich III of Herzogne were foreigners who claimed the throne; the brother of King Louis XIII – Duke Charles of Brodeur – had claimed the throne, as well, but being a vassal of the King of Marseile, he was not able to act oppose him. Duke of Upplanda, Georg Lorenssen, a member of the House of Eric claimed the throne, as did seven others. In 1439, the War of Emerstarian Succession began and it lasted for five years until Georg, Duke of Upplanda, was crowned Georg I of Emerstari and restored the House of Eric for the first time; from 1442 to 1444, the War of the Leagues coincided with the War of Emerstarian Succession. The former began when Protestantism began to spread across Scania. In 1444, twenty-three-year-old Georg I made Lutheranism the state religion of Emerstari, he also established a legislative organ consisting of the Hus av Herrer (House of Lords) and the Hus av Folk (House of Commons/the People); in addition, he established Emerstari’s colonial empire with the subjection of Islanda in 1450, composed the first Emerstarian constitution, and formally made both the cities of Coronet and Rensulier Emerstari’s capitals. Georg I reigned until his death in 1507. Historians also contribute the end of feudalism, and beginning of the Eurevian Rebirth, in Emerstari to Georg I. By this time, Old Emerstarian had evolved into Middle Emerstarian; subsequent to this evolution in language, many Emerstarians stopped the practice of patronymic surnames and instead took the surname of either their father or spouse.

In 1504, Emerstari became the first nation in Arda en’ Estel to colonize land outside of the region; Baron Christoffer Lorens Ljundstrom landed in Durradon, in the region of Markion, and then in Kophavien -- an island which Emerstari would colonize – during his first journey. In a later journey, he landed eastern Arasland in the present-day Green Union where Emerstari would also establish a colony. The Arasland colony ultimately failed because global temperatures fell in the early 1500s and it became unprofitable for the Emerstarians to sustain; however, relics of the colony still prevail such as the existence of an Emerstarian-based language as well as the existence of Lutheranism there.

By 1550, Emerstari held nearly 25 colonies; throughout its history, the Emerskvalde would hold 67 colonies. In all of the 1500s, Emerstari fought several significant wars such as the Second and Third War of the Leagues – additional wars between the Catholics and Protestants of Scania – as well as the War of Soumland where the Kingdom of Soumland became a vassal of Emerstari – the vassalage ended briefly, however, in the 1650s and ended permanently in 1707.

In the year 1617, the great-great-grandson of Georg I, Gustaf II died and the throne was passed to his seventeen-year-old son, Gustaf III, who died only two months into his reign. According to laws regarding heirship at the time, the throne should have gone to Gustaf II’s second son; however, Gustaf III’s wife, Queen Katarina I, claimed the throne and sent Gustaf III’s young brother to be raised by a relative, the Duke of Whentii. She had done this as the extinction of the House of Eric would be met with much backlash. Katarina I’s reign faced numerous rebellions, all of which were put down; she was the third queen Emerstari had had at this point and one of only six queens in Emerstari’s history.

Katarina’s reign was characterized be turmoil, ending the Valståndes’ Alder that had begun during Georg I’s reign; she had no rightful heir and thus the throne went to uncle of Gustaf II’s grandchild, Karl Frederik Leijonhjarta. Karl IV was a direct descendant of Duke Donner Leijonhjarta who was a close friend of Georg I and was his Chief Lieutenant. Around this time, is also when Middle Emerstarian evolved into Modern Emerstarian; much of Regemersk – Standard Emerstarian – is based upon the Emerstarian translation of the Bible.

Enlightenment and Golden Age

In 1723, Eric of Rensulier, the great-great-great-grandson of Gustaf II – thus a member of the House of Eric – married the only child of Olaf III – a member of the House of Leijonhjarta – and upon Olaf’s death, restored the reign of the House of Eric. His son, Eric IX of Emerstari who reigned from 1749 to 1761 would become the first President of the Federal Republic of Emerstari.

In 1749, an entente of nobles who opposed Eric IX’s liberal policies, raised several armies and attempted to secede; this war is, today, known as the Republicans’ War. While each side was supported by foreign powers, the fighting was purely between the Conservatives and Republicans as well as briefly a Marseilian Nationalist group in Mailes; however, the Duchy of Mailes remained Emerstarian. On September 4th, 1756, the Treaty of Frederiksburg was signed with the defeat of the Conservatives.

It was in 1756 that the Emerstarian constitution was redrafted into the Union Papers of Emerstari and the Kingdom of Emerstari transitioned into the Federal Republic of Emerstari; although, many things remained the same in the government, a third chamber was added to the Foderal Kongress: the Samdet. King Eric IX served two terms as the first President of Emerstari, but he lost reelection for a third term. The Industrial Revolution had also begun in Emerstari around this time.

In 1792, the First War of the Coalitions began; it was a war determining the succession of the Herzognish throne. Emerstari entered the war on the side of Jermansk – whose King claimed the Herzognish throne. Ultimately the Western Coalition – comprised primarily of Emerstari, Marseile, Saexia, and Jermansk – lost the war; however, in 1812, the Second War of the Coalitions began. In this war, even more nations participated and the Western Coalition defeated the Imperial Coalition. The Second Wars of the Coalition ended in 1816; however, in 1818 the Third War of the Coalitions broke out. This time, the Imperial Coalition was attempting to retake Herzogne but lost again. This series of war directly contributed to the founding of the Venson Pact (later the Venson Union) in 1821 – originally between Emerstari, Marseile, and Rolech – as well as the dissolution of the Holy Scanian Empire in 1827.

Throughout the 19th century, Emerstari was in a golden age; several of Emerstari’s most famous authors and painters lived during this period. With the exception of the Wars of the Coalition and numerous small wars in Emerstari’s colonies, Emerstari was in a period of peace. In the 1890s, increased immigration began to come to Emerstari.

Modern Era

20th Century

In 1911, a war began between the Renochesvian Empire and Austlege; due to a series of complicated alliances and ententes, much of the Eurevian continent was at war by 1912. The 10 Years’ War, as it is known in Emerstari, ended in 1921 with the defeat of the Dosva Pact. Although Emerstari was on the side of the victors, the war created an economic depression throughout much of northern Scania and Emerstari closed its borders to immigration in 1923. In 1921, the Union Papers of Emerstari were updated and the government was reformed, to an extent, creating the New Federal Republic of Emerstari – Niy Foderepublik Emerstari in Emerstarian. The Stordepresjon ended, according to most economists in 1930.

The Foderal Kongress, in 1942, reopened Emerstari’s borders to immigration. In response to this, there were two major waves of immigrants; the first mostly consisted of descendants of the Vikingr who settled in East Arda who returned to Emerstari due to tensions in East Arda and the Emerstarian Right of Return Law. The second wave, consisted mostly of people from Emerstari’s colonies as well as people from lands of the former Renochesvian Empire fleeing the communist regime. After this 1950s, immigration to Emerstari steadily decreased until the early 2000s.

In the mid-1900s, Emerstari participated in three major wars. The first of these was the Second Estelian War in the 1940s – Emerstari did not participate in the first – and the second was the Blustein Conflict in the 1950s. The third was Slovyan Insurgency where a capitalist rebellion formed in the Socialist Slovyan Republic which was a state within the Union of Socialist Republics of Renochesvia; ultimately, Emerstari and its allies pulled their forces out of the region and the rebellion was put down in 1972. Also in 1972, Emerstari longest reigning King Eric X (reigned from 1916 to 1972) abdicated; Eric X was born 1910 and died on February 4th, 2019. He, early in his reign, also established the surname of the House of Eric, Gustafsen.

21st Century

In 2010, an Emerstarian King again became President; the current King, Eric XII served one term from 2010 to 2014 as a member of the Monarchic-Republican Party. After him, former Samdetor Eric Jeffery Jaems was elected President. In 2016, Emerstari entered the Great War, as it is called in Emerstari, and annexed Nivijegdna, an oil-rich region that Emerstari as historically had interest in.

Geography

Karlssonsberg is the tallest point in Emerstari

Situated in Northwestern , Emerstari lies west of the Estelian Sea and south of the White Sea, providing a long coastline, and forms the northeastern part of Scania. To the west is the White Topped Mountains, a range that separates Emerstari from Coelans as well as the Akerselva and Fywris Rivers. Canaria and Roele are located to its south.

At 1,872,819.35 km² (1,163,715.99 mi²), Emerstari is one of the largest nations in Arda en' Estel. The lowest elevation in Emerstari is in the bay of Lake Stensjon, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Karlssonsberg 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.

The White Topped Mountains, or Vittoppaberger

Emerstari has 17 states or statter. These states' borders were drawn in 1756 shortly after the establishment of the Federal Republic of Emerstari and were generally based upon culture, geography, and history. In addition to their governmental and administrative purposes, they play an important role in people's self-identity.

Lake Gjende in central Emerstari

About 15% of Enerstari lies north of the Arctic Circle. Emerstari's south is predominantly agricultural and blanketed with rivers, with increasing forest coverage northward. Around 47% of Emerstari's total land area is covered with forests. The highest population density is in the Yoerk region in eastern Emerstari, along the Olkta River up to the Bay of Yoerk. Haller and Fågeløn are Emerstari's largest islands; Gjende and Øyeren are its largest lakes. Combined with the Coronetian, Mjøsa rivers as well as Lake Stensjon, these bodies of water take up a significant part of central Emerstari. Emerstari's extensive waterway availability throughout its center was exploited with the building of the Jonssen Canal in the 19th century, shortening the potential distance between Rensulier Lake and the Estelian Sea.

Climate

Most of Emerstari has a temperate climate, despite its northern latitude, with largely four distinct seasons and mild temperatures throughout the year. The winter in the far south is usually weak and is only manifested through some shorter periods with snow and sub-zero temperatures. The country can be divided into three types of climate: the southernmost part has an oceanic climate, the central part has a humid continental climate and the northernmost part has a subarctic climate.

Because of its high latitude, the length of daylight varies greatly. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets for part of each summer, and it never rises for part of each winter. In the capital district, Amerien District, daylight lasts for more than 18 hours in late June but only around 6 hours in late December. Emerstari receives between 1,100 and 1,900 hours of sunshine annually. During July there is not much difference in temperature between the north and south of the country.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Emerstari was 44 °C (112 °F) in Lillahoj in 1947, while the coldest temperature ever recorded was −52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) in Stjørdalshalsen in 1966. Even though temperature patterns differ between north and south, the summer climate is surprisingly similar all through the entire country in spite of the large latitudinal differences. This is due to the south being surrounded by a greater mass of water, with the wider Northerly Sea and the Scanian air passing over lowland areas from the south-west.

An aerial view of Rensulier in Winter 1978

Apart from the ice-free Estelian Sea bringing marine air into Emerstari tempering winters, the mildness is further explained by prevailing low-pressure systems postponing winter, with the long nights often staying above freezing in the south of the country due to the abundant cloud cover. By the time winter finally breaks through, daylight hours rise quickly, ensuring that daytime temperatures soar quickly in spring. With the greater number of clear nights, frosts remain commonplace quite far south as late as April. The cold winters occur when low-pressure systems are weaker. An example is that the coldest ever month (January 1988) in Rensulier was also the sunniest January month on record.

The relative strength of low and high-pressure systems of marine and continental air also define the highly variable summers. When hot continental air hits the country, the long days and short nights frequently bring temperatures up to 30 °C (86 °F) or above even in coastal areas. Nights normally remain cool, especially in inland areas. Coastal areas can see so-called tropical nights above 20 °C (68 °F) occur due to the moderating sea influence during warmer summers. Summers can be cool, especially in the north of the country.

On average, most of Emerstari receives between 500 and 800 mm (20 and 31 in) of precipitation each year. The southern part of the country receives more precipitation, between 1,000 and 1,200 mm (39 and 47 in), and some mountain areas in the north are estimated to receive up to 2,000 mm (79 in). Despite northerly locations, southern and central Emerstari may have almost no snow in some winters. Most of western Emerstari is located in the rain shadow of the White Topped Mountains. The blocking of cool and wet air in summer, as well as the greater landmass, leads to warm and dry summers far north in the country, with quite warm summers at Haller, which is unheard of elsewhere in the world at such northerly coastlines.

Climate data for Emerstari (1874-2018)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	12.5 (54.5)	12.8 (55.0)	17.0 (62.6)	21.8 (71.2)	27.7 (81.9)	32.2 (90.0)	30.5 (86.9)	34.2 (93.6)	24.9 (76.8)	21.0 (69.8)	14.4 (57.9)	12.4 (54.3)	34.2 (93.6)
Average high °C (°F)	−1.8 (28.8)	−0.9 (30.4)	3.5 (38.3)	9.1 (48.4)	15.8 (60.4)	20.4 (68.7)	21.5 (70.7)	20.1 (68.2)	15.1 (59.2)	9.3 (48.7)	3.2 (37.8)	−0.5 (31.1)	9.6 (49.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−4.3 (24.3)	−4.0 (24.8)	−0.2 (31.6)	4.5 (40.1)	10.8 (51.4)	15.2 (59.4)	16.4 (61.5)	15.2 (59.4)	10.8 (51.4)	6.3 (43.3)	0.7 (33.3)	−3.1 (26.4)	5.7 (42.2)
Average low °C (°F)	−6.8 (19.8)	−6.8 (19.8)	−3.3 (26.1)	0.8 (33.4)	6.5 (43.7)	10.6 (51.1)	12.2 (54.0)	11.3 (52.3)	7.5 (45.5)	3.8 (38.8)	−1.5 (29.3)	−5.6 (21.9)	2.4 (36.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−24.3 (−11.7)	−24.9 (−12.8)	−20.2 (−4.4)	−9.8 (14.4)	−2.7 (27.1)	1.4 (34.5)	5.0 (41.0)	3.7 (38.7)	−2 (28)	−7.4 (18.7)	−16 (3)	−20.8 (−5.4)	−24.9 (−12.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	49 (1.9)	36 (1.4)	47 (1.9)	41 (1.6)	53 (2.1)	65 (2.6)	81 (3.2)	89 (3.5)	90 (3.5)	84 (3.3)	73 (2.9)	55 (2.2)	763 (30.1)
Average precipitation days	6	4	6	5	5	7	7	8	7	8	8	6	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	40	76	126	178	220	250	246	216	144	86	51	35	1,668
Source: Emerstarian Meteorological Institute

Ecology

Flora

The highest part of the country is part of the Emerstarian montane birch forest and grasslands ecoregion. At the highest altitude is high alpine tundra with very modest vegetation and bare rock, skree, snowfields and glaciers. At lower altitude is low alpine tundra with continuous plant cover; dwarf birch and willows up to 1 m (3 ft) tall and grasslands, as well as numerous lakes and bogs. At still lower altitude is the adjacent montane birch zone with small (2 to 5 m (7 to 16 ft)) mountain downy birch (Betula pubescens) above the conifer tree line; some stunted spruce and pine also occur here.

At lower altitudes in the northern and central parts of the country, coniferous forests occur. These are dominated by Emerstarian pine (in drier locations), often with an understory of common juniper, spruce and a significant admixture of downy birch and silver birch. Aspen and birch occur throughout this region, and Coelanian larch is characteristic of the eastern part of the ecoregion. In the southeast, there are scattered broad-leafed trees such as elm, ash and lime, but no oak.

In the south of the country, there is a southern coniferous forest region, demarcated by the northerly limit of the oak and the southern limit of the natural regeneration of spruce. Mixed with the spruce and pine in these forests are deciduous trees including the pioneering species such as birch, alder and aspen, and the long-lived oak, elm and lime.

In the extreme south is the southern deciduous forest region, a vegetation cover shared by Canaria. The dominant trees here is the beech, but oak can also form smaller forests. Elm at one time formed forests but has been much reduced by Canarian elm disease. Other important trees and shrubs in this zone include hornbeam, elder, hazel, fly honeysuckle, linden (lime), spindle, yew, alder buckthorn, blackthorn, aspen, European rowan, whitebeam, juniper, holly, ivy, dogwood, goat willow, larch, bird cherry, wild cherry, maple, ash, alder along creeks, and in sandy soil birch compete with pine.

Fauna

The national animal of Emerstari, the White-tailed deer

Terrestrial mammals occurring in Emerstari include the hedgehog, the European mole, six species of shrews and eighteen of bats. The Eurevian rabbit, the Eurevian hare and the mountain hare all live here as do the Eurevian beaver, the red squirrel and the brown rat as well as about fourteen species of smaller rodent. Of the ungulates, the wild boar, the fallow deer, the red deer, the elk, the roe deer, and the reindeer are found in the country. Terrestrial carnivores include the brown bear, black bear, the Eurasian wolf, the red fox, and the Arctic fox, as well as the Eurevian lynx, the Eurevian badger, the Eurevian otter, the stoat, the least weasel, the Eurevian polecat, the European pine marten, and the wolverine. The coast is visited by three species of seal, and around thirteen species of whale, dolphin, and porpoise. Critically endangered mammals include the Bechstein's bat, the common pipistrelle and the Arctic fox, the barbastelle, the serotine bat, the pond bat, the lesser noctule, and the wolf. Listed as vulnerable are the Eurevian otter, the wolverine, the harbour seal, the harbour porpoise and the Natterer's bat.

According to the University of Rensulier, 535 species of bird have been recorded in Emerstari. Many of these are migratory birds, making their way between Arctic breeding grounds and overwintering quarters further south in Europe and Africa. The lakes, wetlands and coasts provide nesting opportunities for water birds and seabirds and the upland regions are home to willow ptarmigan, black grouse, western capercaillie, owls, and birds of prey.

The only endemic fish in Emerstari is the critically endangered freshwater Coregonus trybomi, still surviving in a single lake. Amphibians found in Emerstari include eleven species of frogs and toads and two species of newt, while reptiles include four species of snake and three of lizard.

Emerstari has an estimated 108 species of butterfly, 60 species of dragonfly, and 40 species of wood boring beetle.

Politics

President Jaems
President of Emerstari
since January 15, 2018

Eric XII of Emerstari
Monarch of Emerstari
since July 7, 1994

Emerstari is a federation, it is a crowned republic with a president. The President and King of Emerstari both share the position as head of state and government. Emerstari has been a Crowned Republic since the conclusion of the Civil War. The NFRE's current constitution was written in 1444 following the Royal Reformation.

Government

Emerstari has a mixed government with a tricameral legislature. The Congress of Emerstari meets in Kongress Hall in the capital, Coronet. The three chambers include the House of Commons, the Senate, and the House of Lords. All bills passed must be passed by the House of Commons and Senate and be approved by the House of Lords before becoming law. The President of Emerstari may veto a bill, however, the Senate can override a veto with a 2/3 majority.

Executive Government

The President is elected every four years by the Emerstarian Electoral College and a President may be elected for a total three terms. The President is the head of government and head of state of Emerstari alongside the Monarch, both act as the commander-in-chief of the Royal Military, as well. The President is allowed to appoint members to the Executive Cabinet with the approval of the Senate, however, they can dismiss members without approval. The President is also responsible for conducting diplomacy of Emerstari's behalf and has the power to sign treaties with foreign powers with the ratification of the Senate.

The heir to the throne is crowned Monarch of Emerstari once the previous monarch dies or abdicates. The monarch may appoint the High Lord of the House of Lords and bestow the rank of Knight upon anyone. He or she heads to the Church of Emerstari as well as the Emerstarian Commonwealth, they also administer Emerstari's colonies.

Legislative Government

Under the current system, House of Commons Representatives are elected through a proportional representation system whilst Senators are elected via first-past-the-post among the nation's 17 states. House of Lords seats are heredity, there are 500 seats in the House of Lords, likewise, there are 500 of 1627 nobles in the organ. The most recent elections to take place in Emerstari were in September 2017.

Emerstarian politics has for many years been divided between numerous political parties that create two informal political factions. These two sides are usually referred to as the left-wing and the right-wing. Major parties that align with the left-wing agenda include the Democratic Party and the Vernon Party whilst the right-wing parties include the Federalist Party and the Republican Party. There are more centrist parties as well, such as the Whig Party. Historically, Emerstari has been a conservative nation, however, in modern day roughly 43% of the population state they are left-wing.

Judicial Government

The Hojestretsol, or Supreme Court, Building

Emerstari uses a civil law system, arising mainly from written documents, where it is the function of judges to simply to interpret the law rather than make it. Much of the Emerstarian legal code can be traced back to the Furst Imperium, as is the case with its neighboring nations. Basic principles, such as the rule of law are well-established precedents in Emerstari, first structured within a parliamentary dictum subsequent to the establishment of Parliament in 1444.

The Supreme Court of Emerstari acts as the highest court in the land, holding jurisdiction over cases that have been filed to them by a district's Court of Appeals. The Emerstarian Supreme Court is composed of seven judges who are appointed by the President whenever a former judge resigns or dies. Emerstari has a second federal level court, the Constitutional Court, according to the Constitution, reviews legislation passed by Congress and ensures it abides by the Emerstarian Constitution. If the bill should conflict with the Constitution, the Constitutional Court is authorized to overturn the law.

Administrative Divisions

State	Capital	Population
Almapien	Koburg	9,231,760
Cojarnien	Aronsburg	11,082,547
Corji	Haraldstad	13,014,781
Corjoi	Bregneeng	4,092,754
Erevien	Vanby	13,082,761
Erii	Gronhojd	9,062,851
Inepolien	Midtenburg	18,039,754
Marlanda	Fjordstad	16,978,410
Nij Corji	Willemsstad	2,396,712
North Whentii	Norrburg	5,012,373
Ontarji	Hansodla	12,037,834
Otopien	Larrsby	14,787,642
South Whentii	Bjornhjem	14,028,971
Valparaiso	Chestersburg	7,219,054
Verni	Charlesstad	17,025,981
West Verni	Norrfaalt	11,054,871
Yoerk	Sjokoppen	24,901,675

Since the founding of Parliament in 1444, Emerstari has been divided into seventeen states and a federal district comprising of three cities. Emerstari practices devolution therefore states are largely autonomous in terms of internal management and funding, however, they still rely on the central government for other things. Each state is administered by a Governor who is elected every four years and a legislature. The attributes of state legislatures vary from one another though they typically have an upper house and a lower house that are elected via first-past-the-post and proportional representation methods, respectively. They all have both a Constitutional Court and Supreme Court, as well. Prior to 1444, Emerstari was divided into 1627 peerships which do still exist today.

Overseas Territories and Colonies

The NFRE maintains a large number of overseas territories, several of which are directly controlled by the Emerstarian Monarch. Most of the territories were acquired between 1500 and 1800, however, in 2016, the Kingdom of Spookistam handed the territories of Furhowt and Nivijegdna. All colonies, territories, and the majority of former colonies are part of the Emerstarian Commonwealth which is the successor of the Tvaa Imperium. In total, the NFRE holds 41 overseas territories whilst the Commonwealth encompasses 53 countries and dependencies.

Foreign Relations

Emerstari has foreign relations with copious independent states, with the perhaps the most notable exception being the USRR, with whom Emerstari ended relations with in 1962. This is mainly due to the historical anticommunist predisposition. The NFRE is regarded as a superpower and is an influential nation in both the regional and international stage. As a founding member of the Venson Union and the Estelian Council, Emerstari plays a key role in global affairs. Emerstari has been a staunch supporter for the free trade between democratic states and promoting peace on the Eurevian continent. Furthermore, Emerstari has been a founding member of numerous other organizations such as the Eures Mutual Defence Pact, Tjukkr Trade Agreement, and the Estelian Trade Pact.

Military

Emerstarian personnel in a training excercise

The Royal Military of Emerstari consists of five branches - the Royal Army, Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force and the Coast Guard. Together all five branches make one of the largest armed forces in Arda en' Estel. The Emerstarian Military is composed of 3,914,542 personnel, many of which are stationed in various overseas territories and military bases on foreign soil. Historically, Emerstari was a naval powerhouse, likewise in modern-day, they also retain a power navy composed of 382 active ships.

Naval patrol in the Gulf of Coelans

The Emerstarian Navy is one of the largest in the world and is most active in the Estelian Sea, Erchev Channel, Nivijed Sea and Northern Sea. The Royal Navy maintains permanent bases across the globe, with the largest being in Yoerk. The Royal Army also usually holds bases on foreign land. The Royal Army currently has many bases in Emerstarian Nivijegdna due to the Great War (2015-2017). The Royal Army's largest base on foreign soil is located within New Retermi, with 10,000 troops stationed at Fort New Larrsby. Fort Larrsby

As a nuclear-armed nation, the NFRE also possesses a significant number of nuclear weaponry. The first Emerstarian nuclear bomb was developed in the late-1940s to strike fear in the newly established communist regime in southern Eurevia. The utilization of the nuclear deterrent remains integral to Emerstari's foreign policy strategy especially in preserving peace on the Eastern Estelian scene. As of the Venson Declaration of 1958, Emerstari and a number of its allies have committed to using their nuclear deterrent for the protection of all free and democratic nations. Presently, the Emerstarian nuclear program remains endures, despite the disarmament policies passed by the Venson Union. The modern Emerstarian nuclear arsenal is composed of a triumvirate of intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic bombers, and submarine-launched ballistic missiles.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement in Emerstari is typically devolved to the city level, this has been the case since 1802. Prior to 1802, police forces were private organizations regulated by local governing bodies. Two other levels of policing forces exist in the NFRE, these include county and state police. Additionally, there is a border enforcement agency, the Emerstarian Border Protection Agency. The agency, unlike regular police, it is administered by the federal government.

Non-policing law enforcement bodies that exist in Emerstari include the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Federal Bureau of Intelligence. The Federal Bureau of Investigation deals with threats to national security and criminal threats that are increasingly complex. The Federal Bureau of Intelligence's primary purpose is to collect, analyze, and evaluate foreign intelligence as well as executing covert actions.

Economy

At $11.541 trillion Emerstari has one of the largest economies in Arda en' Estel in terms of nominal GDP, with a per capita of $56,837.81. The Emerstarian economy is the largest within Eurevia. The NFRE was one of the first countries to embrace the industrial revolution during the mid-Eighteenth Century, greatly benefiting from mechanization of various sectors. Though early industries involved low scale production of textiles and pottery, it soon extended to industrial metalworking and other consumer goods. Emerstari also benefited from its wide resource base due to its colonial empire, importing goods and materials not typically available in Eurevia. Throughout the 1800s, Emerstarian products were typically sold all throughout the time of the Tvaa Imperium and Eurevia as private merchants and monopoly trading companies expanded their influence and expanded into previously untapped markets, strengthening the economy at home. However, considerable economic damage was brought to the Emerstarian economy due to the 10 Years' War from the late-1910s to the mid-1920s. Despite setbacks subsequent to the war, the economy returned stronger than previously by 1930 by itself.

The NFRE has a laissez-faire economy, believing the government should interfere with the market as little as possible. The vast majority of assets are privatized, including energy suppliers, health services, and railway companies. Nevertheless, the Emerstarian postal service remains largely state-run. The service sector plays an important role in the country's economy. Financial services, banking, and the insurance sector are by far the largest service industries in the country alongside the food service industry. However, in recent years, there has been an emphasis on the return of the manufacturing sector, particularly in the form of aircraft and automobiles both of which are major Emerstarian exports. The first stock exchange in Emerstari was set up in 1602 by the (Emerstarian) Colonial Trading Company as a method of raising funds for overseas ventures. Today the Emerstarian Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Arda en' Estel and the world, making the city of Yoerk a chief financial hub.

Agriculture

Emerstari has one of the largest agricultural sectors within Eurevia and is known for its many cornfields. Much of the Emerstarian agricultural industry is located in the west of the country which is home to corn and wheat. The region is also renowned for its large beef, pork, and dairy industries which make up a large percentage of Emerstari's exports to foreign nations. Whilst the agricultural industry in eastern Emerstari is much smaller, it is by no means less important. The eastern half of the NFRE is particularly known for its grape, nut, and apple industries. Around 4.2% of the NFRE's population is employed in the agricultural industry as of 2015.

Transport

Emerstari maintains many developed railroads and roads it between neighboring nations. Southwestern Emerstari is home to one of the busiest road networks within Arda en' Estel. The Sud-Nord highway, constructed in 1972, it was built across the Emerstarian-Canarian. The highway connects the two nations and is a key transport link for commuters and truck drivers alike. Emerstari has a number of highways with no speed limits, primarily in the north and especially in rural areas, these are known as frivejrutts in Emerstarian The longest railroad in Emerstari began construction in 1857 and was completed in 1861, the Norrtilsud Railroad is primarily used for cargo trains, however, passengers are transported on the railroad, as well. Eastern Emerstari is also home to many ports that sit on the Estelian Sea, the busiest port being in the city of Yoerk. The northern coast of Emerstari, whilst having considerably less, has ports, as well. However, ones in the north are usually used to transport people and goods between the mainland and Northern Islands.

Emerstari also has copious airports, most notably Coronet International Airport and Hans Asger Clausen Airport Both airports are hubs for Emerstarian Airlines, Emerstari's flag carrier airline. Other major airports include Norros International Airport, Willemsburg Airport, and Chalier Airport. The NFRE also is home to several important waterways and canals, mostly in the southeastern regions.

Energy and Infrastructure

Wind Turbines in the eastern Emerstari

The NFRE's energy market is about 22,000 terawatt hours per year. Studies from 2016 reveal that 40% of this energy was from petroleum, an additional 27% came from coal gas and 20% came from natural gas. A smaller portion came renewable energy, mainly wind and hydroelectric power. Emerstari is one of the largest consumers of petroleum in Arda en' Estel, the nation also holds roughly 26% of Arda's coal reserves. It is a large producer of natural gas and crude oil.

Numerous laws regarding the quality of drinking water exist in Emerstari and roughly 17,000,000,000 gallons, or about 69,000 megaliters, of water, was abstracted for public usage per day in 2017. Whilst many Emerstarians living in cities are connected to the sewer network, most people outside of cities are reported to use well systems.

Science and Technology

Emerstari has been a leading figure in technological innovation since the time of the and scientific research since the time of the Furst Imperium. The NFRE was one of the first nations to embrace the industrial revolution in the mid-Eighteenth Century and in the 1870s, Emerstarian inventors were some of the first to develop telephones, phonographs, and cameras. Following that, Emerstarian business, Faro Motors, became one of the first companies to utilize the assembly line. More recently, in the 1950s, Emerstarian scientists made many advancements regarding electronics as well as aeronautics. As of 2014, 83.8% of Emerstarian households owned at least one computer, and 73.3% had high-speed internet service. 91% of Americans also own a mobile phone as of May 2013.

Demographics

Emerstari is home to 203,050,731 according to the 2015 census. Emerstari is the most populous nation within the Venson Union. The country has a population density of 174.48 people per square mile (108.42 per square kilometer). The most populated areas are typically in the east. The most populated areas include the cities of Yoerk, Coronet, Chalème, Willemsburg, and Hansburg respectively. Life expectancy in the NFRE is around 81.60 years (80.39 for males, 87.12 for females). As of 2015, the fertility rate of Emerstari is currently at 1.63 children per woman, which is moderate for an Eurevian nation, however, it is relatively low by international standards.

A portion of the world's population has Emerstarian descent due to the NFRE's colonial empire. The vast majority of these people exist in the countries of New Retermi and Carjuelien.

Major cities

The NFRE possesses many rural regions; however, a large number of urban areas, particularly within the east of the country, exist. The most populated city in Emerstari is Yoerk which has a population of 6,201,842 within the city's metropolitan area. The subsequent most populous are Coronet, Chalème, Willemsburg, and Hansburg. In total the NFRE has ten cities that surpass 1,000,000 citizens.

Ethnic groups

Modern Emerstarians are the descendants of the Norrnybyrrare and Vastnybyrrare peoples who arrived in northwestern Emerstari during the Neolithic Era. As of the 2015 census, 82.7% of the population stated they were 'Emerstarian' making them the largest portion of the NFRE's citizenry. The second largest group of the population state they are descendants of 'Canarians', they make up 7.2% of the country. Members of this group tend to be from a region of Canaria integrated into Emerstari around 1674.

Emerstari didn't begin to have a noticeable non-white population until the mid-Twentieth Century. Most of the non-white population state they are either Arcatian or Nivijed. Their ancestors can be traced back to Emerstari's colonies in the region and they are assumed to have migrated due to war in the region. The vast majority of their ancestors settled in Emerstari's large cities, particularly Yoerk and Hansburg.

In recent years the Emerstaran census has been criticized by the more liberal parties in Emerstari due to its questions regarding ethnicity and race. This practice has been the case since 1853 and still remains so. Many Emerstarian Democrats and various Vernons have suggested that the questions should be gotten rid of to promote a colorblind policy, however, the current Federalist-controlled Government opposes ridding the census of it.

Language

Emerstarian is the official language of the NFRE according to a Royal Decree of 1058. Two other languages are recognized, Norrosprak and Canarian, but only within their respective regions. Most Emerstarians learn either English Language, Canarian, or Marselian as a second language. Coelanish is also a common language to learn, however, the number of Emerstarians learning Coelanish have begun to decline. This decline has been due to increased trade with Marseile.

Modern Emerstarian is a descendant of Primeval Emerstarian which evolved from copious Emerstarian dialects spoken throughout northwestern Emerstari around 20000 BC. Emerstarian has matured considerably throughout time, notably in the Eleventh Century when the newly reunited Emerstari attempted to unite the dialects of Emerstarian that had stemmed from Archaic Emerstari once the Furst Imperium fell. Since the Fifteenth Century, Emerstarian has grown to be a valued language in trade and diplomacy due to its colonial empire It is the national language of several former colonies and the official language of multiple international organizations, such as the Emerstarian Commonwealth, the Eurevian Free Trade Agreement Organization, and the Venson Union.

Religion

Lutheran Emerstarian is the state religion of Emerstari. The Emerstarian Monarch is the "Defender of the Faith," the Head of the Church of Emerstari, however, they appoint an Augustus, the Bishop of Rensulier, who manages all canon law within the church. Freedom of Religion was first hinted in the Emerstarian Constitution from 1444, however, complete Freedom of Religion was not granted until the 1756 Amends to the constitution. In the 1930s, most Emerstarian laws follow a policy of laïcité. However, a large portion of the citizenry, 92.1%, marked themselves as religious on the 2015 Census.

According to the 2015 census, 62.3% of Emerstarians identify as Emerstarian, the next largest group is Presbyterianism which 17% of Emerstarians identify with. The third largest group is composed of 7.9% of the populace who are irreligious. Other religious groups within the country include Judaism, Catholicsm. 2.9% of the citizenry identify with other religions. However, church attendance levels remain much lower than those who identify as being religious. Studies show that approximately 40% of the populace attend church services at least once a month.

Prior to 1444, Catholicism was the dominant religion of the Kingdom of Emerstari, however, when Georg I succeeded to the throne, Emerstari sundered from the Catholic Church. King Georg I proceeded to establish the Church of Emerstari which was a Lutheran denomination. Several of the NFRE's neighbors soon followed suit. This caused multiple wars between Protestant Eurevian nations and Catholic Eurevian nations. Whilst Lutheranism was the dominant religion in Emerstari, a large majority of Northern Island denizens were Presbyterian and thus Georg I had to accept the Presbyterians in order to keep Emerstari united. Excluding this, Emerstari remained mostly religiously homogeneous until the 1950s when Emerstari began receiving increased immigration. In addition to this, beginning primarily in the 1980s, an irreligious minority exists in the nation.

Health

Emerstari does not have a universal healthcare system in accordance with the "Healthcare Act (2003)," should be left to the free market. Leading causes of death in Emerstari include heart disease, lung-related diseases, and drinking-related accidents. The leading cause, however, is heart disease due to obesity in the NFRE. Nevertheless, Emerstarians on average are less obese than citizens of many other developed nations. Studies suggest this may be due to the prevalence of fish, vegetables, and other healthy foods within the Emerstarian diet. Though smoking is not a problem in Emerstari due to [[Charles III of Emerstari|King Charles III], a monarch in the early-Seventeenth Century, alcoholism is a major health issue within the NFRE. Experts suggest this may be due to an alcohol tolerance gene in most ethnic Emerstarians and the existence of this gene has been linked to increased chances of alcoholism.

Education

The Emerstarian education system is organized into three tiers referred to as Elementary, Middle and High School. Regulations regarding education are usually made by the Department of Education, however, most other educational concerns in the NFRE are the responsibility of the state government. Law requires that all students must be in full-time education between the ages of 6 and 17.

Parents have the choice to send their children to non-compulsory nursery schools between the ages of 4 and 6. All of these schools are either privately owned or owned by a church and they typically act as centers to prepare children for Elementary Schools. Recent studies reveal that 74% of parents choose to send their children to these nursery schools, more commonly regarded as preschools, or præskoles in Emerstarian. Religious and Private schools exist across the country, however, they are required to follow a regulated curriculum. Fewer regulations on their curriculum exist than for public schools and they are allowed to deny entrants based on their religion.

Culture

Emerstarian culture has historically been a very influential one across both Arda en' Estel and the globe. This culture contributes to why it is one of the most visited countries in Arda en' Estel, welcoming many million tourists annually.

Tourism

The NFRE has one of the largest tourist sectors in Eurevia, with around 90 million tourists coming every year. The culture, history, and climate of Emerstari makes the nation a popular destination for tourists worldwide. Emerstari has copious historical sites, such as Jarnesburg Castle, recognized by the Estelian Heritage Organization. Emerstari also contains a multitude of natural parks and nature reserves, particularly within the northern regions which feature many forests and lakes. Emerstari is home to many museums and art galleries which house works of art from many of Emerstari's greatest artists such as Wilhelm Aronsen or Marten Mjullor.

Heritage Sites

Emerstari's historical sites generally range from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment Age, however, the earliest sites can date back to 2000 BC. Castles and villages create the majority of the NFRE's heritage sites, though, natural and religious sites make up a percentage, as well. The largest site in Emerstari is the town of Kopenby which was designated a heritage site in 1978. The town is home to many artifacts from all epochs of Emerstarian history.

Architecture

Prior to the Twelfth Century, almost all Emerstarian buildings consisted of timber (the most notable exception being governmental buildings of the Furst Imperium), but a shift began towards stone. Early Emerstarian stone structures were Romanesque style churches on the countryside. Many early Gothic churches were also built through the influence of the Nordsjo League, such as in the municipalities of Ysby, Kopmandhavn, and Jansenburg.

Cathedrals elsewhere in Emerstari were also constructed to be seats of Emerstari's bishops. The Sudien Cathedral is made of bricks and is from the Fourteenth Century as is the Upplanda Cathedral of the Fifteenth Century. In circa 1230 the foundations of Gronbukt Catedral were positioned but the building took 251 years to complete.

Around 1445 Emerstari left the Middle Ages and was made a nation-state under King Georg I who initiated the construction of grand mansions, castles, and fortresses. Some of the more magnificent include the Stenberg Fortress, Farholm Castle, and Freider Castle. In the subsequent centuries, Emerstari was known for its Baroque and later its Rococo architecture. Notable projects from that time include the Donner Sjon Palace, which has now also been declared a Heritage Site, and Figlhavn Castle.

The Twentieth and Twenty-First Century brought new architectural styles to Emerstari. These include styles such as Emerstarian Neoclassicism, National Romanticism, and Modernism.

Painting and Photography

The Emerstarian Golden Age, which commenced in the first half of the Nineteenth Century, was the result of a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, the era was characterized by painters such as Wilhelm Norrblaflodien, Christoffer Kobmandburg, and Georg Fiskorburg. In 1871, towards the end of the Golden Age, Emerstarian artists turned away from National Romanticism and Post-Impressionism established a growing base of endorsers.

Even in the modern-day NFRE, painting continues to be an important form of artistic expression in Emerstarian culture, it is inspired by and also influencing international trends in this area. These include romanticism, post-impressionism, and the Modernism.

Modern Emerstarian photography has developed from participation and interest in the beginning of photography in 1839. Pioneers such as Hans Petersen, Frederich Edvardsen, and Greger Johannsen paved the way for a growing profession in the latter half of the Nineteenth Century. Presently, Emerstarian photographers such as Christelin Aronsdottir and Donner Tommerverkor are influential photographers, taking part in copious exhibitions around the globe.

Literature

The earliest known Emerstarian writings comprise folklore and records from the Seventeenth Century BC. Despite that, very little is known of Emerstarian literature from the fall of the Furst Imperium to the Rebirth.

During the Emerstarian Golden Age, many authors began writing fictional stories. This movement created greats such as Hans Christiansen, Henry Willemsen, and Johann Harnsfjord. Hans Christiansen, though, he is known for his stories and fairy tales (e.g. Der Grum Andeln, Der Lidten Havfrue, and Der Standhafitge Soldator), was also a poet and playwright. In recent history, Johann Haller was awarded the Estelian Prize for Literature. Linn Rudolphsdottir is famous for her novels and short stories whilst other writers of importance include Frederich Murer, Sir Gustav Freijarn, Thomes Danielsen, Marten Ystran, Peter Heinz, Jaems Bondi, Claus Rifburg, Daniel Lamstek, and Harald Skeppmand.

Music

Historical Emerstarian music mostly used simple string and brass instruments. These include the lur, the lute, the lyre, wooden flutes and drums. In modern Emerstari, rock music, country music/folk music, and classical music prevail. Notable composers and artists in Emerstari include Johann Bragrahn, Thomes Postmand, and Benjamin Larrsen.

In 2008, with over 800 million dollars in profit, the NFRE was the third-largest music exporter in Arda en' Estel surpassed by Esterlen and Austlege. John Bragra, otherwise known as Johann Bragrahn, was one of the first internationally successful music groups from the NFRE in the modern era. It still ranks among the most prominent bands in the Arda en' Estel, with about 320 million records sold. Famous Emerstarian composers from the Golden Age include Ludwig Georgsen and Sir Ragnvald Gronholme.

Cinema

The NFRE has had a considerable influence on the history of the cinema, it has produced some of the greatest actors, directors and motion pictures of all time. Famous actors from Emerstari comprise of Charles Donnersen, Jaems Ludvigsen, David Walther, Johann Aldburg, Einar Finnsen, Christa Alfredsen, Astrid Hojby, Alexyna Kobmand, Andersa Christoffersen, Ea Filipsdottir.

Large film studios in the NFRE inclued Norrlanda, Hogberg, and Yoerkien. Some of the most successful films of all time have been created in Emerstari, including two of the highest-grossing films in Arda en' Estel (Severin Holme and Stjerna Krig). Edvin Studios in London is the oldest film studio in the nation.

Media

Emerstarians are among the greatest consumers of newspapers on the globe and the majority of Emerstarian towns and cities are home to a local newspaper. The NFRE's largest newspapers include Der Foderalist, Der Renslier Kronike, Norrposten, and Der Yoerk Kronike.

Private broadcasting companies hold a monopoly on radio and television in the NFRE. Of those private broadcasting companies, there are four main broadcasting companies which include the National Udsendande Kompagne, Emerstarian Udslandande Kompagne, Haarstien Udsendande Korporation, and Bjorn Medier Kompagne. As of 2016, there are 12,092 registered radio stations and hundreds of channels on cable television that fill copious niches.

According to studies conducted at the end of 2017, around 71% of Emerstarians have cable television.

Sports

Sports are popular in the NFRE and its citizenry participate in and watch various. Emerstari's national sport, according to an act in 1994, is golf. The NFRE has qualified eleven times for the Estelian Golf Championships between 1980 and 2015 and were champions in three of those times. Notable Emerstarian golfers include Jaems Simonsen, named the best player in Arda en' Estel in 1977, Marten Andersen, and Eugen Kobmand who was named the best Emerstarian golfer of the 2000s by the National Golf Association.

Tennis and horse-based sports are popular in Emerstari, as well. The Emerstarian Polo Team has won two gold medals in Polo in Olympiad de Arda since 2000. Other popular sports include hockey, skiing, basketball, Emerstarian Football, and a number of others. In recent years, cycling has been growing in popularity in the NFRE.

Cuisine

The traditional cuisine of the NFRE, like that of the other North Scanian countries, consists primarily of fish, bread, corn, and potatoes.

Open sandwiches on rye bread, known as fiskbrod, which in their basic form are food for lunch, can be considered a national specialty when prepared and decorated. Other traditional meals consist of ground meats, such as kottbolls (meatballs) and hakkebof (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meats such as stegegriskott (roast pork) and brænsild (baked herring). Traditional Emerstarian appetizers and snacks usually consist of fish, as well, such as lagesild (Pickled Herring). However, almonds and peanuts are also grown throughout southern Emerstari. Another customary food is sovostpej (pizza).

These traditional dishes, some of which are centuries old, others maybe several decades or less, still are important parts of Emerstarian everyday meals, despite the fact that modern-day cuisine includes many international foods.

Holidays

Apart from traditional Protestant Christian holidays, the NFRE also celebrates several unique holidays, some of a pre-Christian tradition and others of a national tradition. They include Hostdey which marks the beginning of the harvest day, the holiday began in western Emerstari where large amounts of corn are cultivated; another, the Vinterdey on December 1st is a celebration which commences the month-long Christmas season. In pre-Christian Emerstari, Vinterdey celebrated a successful harvest season. August 7th is Enhaddey which celebrates Emerstari being reunited as the Kingdom of Emerstari on August 7th, 1047. Another important celebration occurs on September 12, Konstitutiondey. Furthermore, there are numerous official observances in Emerstarian calendar.