Jiang Zhongyu: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix  =  
|honorific-prefix  =  
|name              = Jiāng Zhōngyǔ
|name              = Jiāng Zhōngyú
|native_name        = 江终于
|native_name        = 江钟余
|native_name_lang   =  
|native_name_lang   =  
|honorific-suffix  =  
|honorific-suffix  =  
|image              = Chen Shui Bian MOD.jpg
|image              =Xi Jinping October 2015.jpg
|imagesize          = 250px
|imagesize          = 250px
|smallimage        = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
|smallimage        = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
|caption            = Jiang in May 2008
|caption            = Jiang in May 2008
|office            = [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Xiaodong|Chairperson]] of the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] of [[Xiaodong|Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong]]
|office            = Minister of International Relations
|term_start        = 21<sup>st</sup> October 2009
|premier          =  [[Wen Kezhi]]
|term_end           = 19<sup>th</sup> October 2016
|term_start        =   8<sup>th</sup> March 2022
|deputy            = [[Qiao Jianxing]]<br>[[Lu Yangliang]]
|premier2           = [[Xi Yaotang]]
|primeminister      = [[Yuan Xiannian]]<br>[[Xi Yao-tong]]
|term_start2        =  30<sup>th</sup>March 2007
|constituency       = Ruqiang
|term_end2          = 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014
|predecessor        = [[Yang Zhengming]]
|predecessor2       = Qin Baoming
|successor          = [[Lu Fangliang]] <small>(acting)</small>
|successor2        = Xu Bangguo
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Council of Ministers}}
|office3            = [[Premier of Shangea]]
|office4            = Second Minister
|term_start3       = 19<sup>th</sup> June 2014
|term_start4       = 30<sup>th</sup> September 2005
|term_end3         = 8<sup>th</sup> March 2022
|term_end4         = 21<sup>st</sup> October 2009
|president3          =[[Yuan Xiannian]]
|primeminister4    = [[Yuan Xiannian]]
|deputy3            = [[Jiang Shaohong]]<br>[[Yuan Qinqin]]
|predecessor4      = Yuan Xiannian
|predecessor3        = [[Xi Yaotang]]
|successor4        = [[Xi Yao-tong]]
|successor3         = [[Wen Kezhi]]
|office5            = Minister of Finances
|office4           = Member of the [[State Presidium of Shangea|State Presidium]]
|term_start5        = 30<sup>th</sup> September 2005
|term_start4       = 30<sup>th</sup>March 2007
|term_end5          = 21<sup>st</sup> October 2009
|term_end4          =  
|primeminister5    = [[Yuan Xiannian]]
|birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1956|04|27}}
|predecessor5      = Meng Chunwang
|birth_place        = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22x20px]] Baiqiao, [[Shangea]]
|successor5         = Sun Chunjuan
|office6           = Minister of Justice
|term_start6       = 2<sup>nd</sup> February 1997
|term_end6          = 30<sup>th</sup> September 2005
|primeminister6    = [[Han Guanzheng]]
|predecessor6      = Li Huang
|successor6        = Yu Dexiong
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
|birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1949|12|27}}
|birth_place        = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22x20px]] Baiqiao, Huayuan Prefecture, [[Xiaodong]]
|death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) -->
|death_date        = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) -->
|death_place        =  
|death_place        =  
Line 45: Line 35:
|birthname          =  
|birthname          =  
|citizenship        =  
|citizenship        =  
|nationality        = [[File:Flag of Xiaodong.png|22x20px]] [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]]
|nationality        =  
|party             =[[File:孝共和黨.png|30px]][[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]]
|party = [[Constitutional Protection Society]]<br>[[Society for Restoring Benevolence]]
|otherparty        =
|otherparty        =
|spouse            = Peng Xuehong
|spouse            = Peng Xuehong
Line 53: Line 43:
|children          = 2
|children          = 2
|residence          =  
|residence          =  
|alma_mater         = University of Rongzhuo
|alma_mater = University of Baiqiao
|occupation         = Politician<br>Economist
|occupation         =  
|profession        =  
|profession        =  
|cabinet            =  
|cabinet            =  
|committees        =  
|committees        =  
|portfolio          =  
|portfolio          =  
|religion          = {{wp|Buddhism}}
|religion          =  
|signature          =
|signature          =
|signature_alt      =  
|signature_alt      =  
|website            =  
|website            =  
|footnotes         =  
| footnotes           =  
}}
}}
'''Jiang Zhongyu''' (''{{Wp|Mandarin Chinese|Xiaodongese}}'': '''江终于'''; ''{{wp|Pinyin|fuhao}}'': ''Jiāng Zhōngyǔ'') is a former [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] politician currently on trial for {{wp|treason}}, {{wp|sedition}} and {{wp|corruption}}. He previously served as [[Chairperson of the State Presidium of Xiaodong|Chairperson of the State Presidium]] from 2009-2016, Second Minister and Minister of Finance from 2005-2009 and Minister of Justice from 1997-2005.
'''Jiang Zhongyu''' (''{{Wp|Mandarin Chinese|Shangean}}'': '''江钟余'''; ''{{wp|Pinyin|fuhao}}'': ''Jiāng Zhōngyú'') is a [[Shangea|Shangean]] politician who has been theInternational Relations Minister from March 2022 having previously served from 2007 to 2014. He was previously [[Premier of Shangea]] from 2014 to 2022 and Governor of the Nanqing province from 2000 to 2007.  


Born a {{wp|princeling}} to a political dynasty, Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's. In 1997 his close friend [[Han Guanzheng]], then [[First Minister of Xiaodong]], promoted him to the position of Minister of Justice. It was widely expected until the 2002 [[Xiaodong Regeneration Society]] plenum that Jiang would eventually succeed Han as First Minister - however in 2002 [[Yuan Xiannian]] became Vice-Regeneration Society Chairman blocking Jiang's political ambitions. In 2005 he was appointed Second Minister and Minister of Finance after Yuan became First Minister, after which he began a power struggle against Yuan that would last 12 years. In 2009 Jiang became State Chairman weakening his political influence stepping down from the role when his term expired in 2016. As State Chairman Jiang was active in opposing the policies of the Yuan government leading to conflict between the First Ministers Office and the State Chairman with Jiang vetoing more legislation than any prior State Chairman.
Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's as a member of conservative [[Constitutional Protection Society]]. Jiang served as a career bureaucrat within the Shangean diplomatic service being Shangea's representative at the [[Community of Nations]] from 2002 to 2007. In 2007 he was appointed as Minister of International Relations under the government of [[Xi Yaotang]]. As International Relations Minister he became closely allied with the State Chairman Yuan Xiannian and played a core role in promoting shifts in Shangean foreign policy to a more assertive role in south [[Coius]] and relying on the [[International Forum for Developing States]] to project Shangean influence.
 
Following the 2014 Shangean elections premier Xi resigned due to poor results for the governing [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] with Jiang being appointed his successor. In October 2016 Jiang was implicated in the Dianfu Banking Scandal which triggered the [[2016-17 Shangean Protests]]. Jiang kept his post following the repression of the protests and became a key player in the enforcement of [[Normalisation (Shangea)|Normalisation]]. In 2022 he became International Relations Minister again being replaced as premier by Wen Keizi.  
 
Jiang has been identified with the relatively hardline Yuan Xiannian throughout his career, combing economic modernisation with nationalism. Under his premiership during the Normalisation programme Jiang was seen as the unofficial leader of the government's "scientific clique" advocating an authoritarian technocracy. He has also been a strong advocate for {{wp|south–south cooperation}} and has placed more emphasis on ties with developing countries through the International Forum for Developing States. Jiang has been described as "''one of Shangea's foremost political operators''" due to his "''ruthless pragmatism'', and has been identified as the Shangean regime's chief foreign policy operator.


In 2017, as part of [[Normalisation (Xiaodong)|Normalisation]] Jiang was accused of being connected to a plot by the Righteous Harmony (Yundong) Movement that would have overthrown the Xiaodongese government, as well as colluding with foreign powers and engaging in corruption. As such Jiang was imprisoned and is currently set to face trial sometime in the summer of 2017.
==Early life==
==Early life==
Jiang was born in the city of Heping the first son of Jiang Xingjian and Ma Ling in 1949. Jiang Xingjin was a veteran of the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]] prominent politician serving variously as Chief Minister of the Huyuan prefecture from 1934-1946, Minister of Development and Energy in the governments of [[Ma Renzhong]] and [[Chen Xuechang]] from 1946-1959 and as Minister of Defence and Military Planning from 1959-1965 in the government of [[Li Zhaozheng]]. His mother Ma Ling worked as the deputy editor for the ''East Sea Daily'', one of the propaganda outlets for the regime.  
Jiang Zhongyu was born in 1956 in the city of [[Baiqiao]] in a working class family of dock workers’, the first of four children. He grew up in the dock workers’ district in Baiqiao which was notable at the time for extreme poverty and disease. Jiang was able to get an adequate primary education before at the age of 12 being sent to be a runner at the docks, but nevertheless continued to attend school. He was able to pass selective exams at the age of 17 to enter higher education which enabled him to attend university albeit on a loan from the government.
==Bureaucratic career==
 
==Governor of East Thianchin==
Jiang attended the University of Baiqiao where he studied {{wp|international relations}}. Whilst at the University of Baiqiao Jiang met his future wife Peng Xuehong. Jiang graduated from the University of Baiqiao in 1977 and subsequently went to work for the Shangean foreign ministry.  
==Ministerial career==
==Early Career==
==State Chairman==
==Foreign Ministry first term==
==Imprisonment==
==Premier==
===Trial===  
==Foreign Ministry second term==
==Views==
==Views==
[[File:Chen Shui Bian MOD.jpg|thumb|250px|Jiang Zhongyu in 2014]]Jiang is seen as a moderate politician in Xiaodong, especially compared to former [[First Minister of Xiaodong|First Minister]] [[Yuan Xiannian]] being supportive of {{wp|economic liberalism}}, {{wp|managed democracy}} and a foreign policy focused around the [[International Forum for Developing States]]. Political scientist Hu Guxiang identified him with the {{wp|nationalism|nationalist}}, anti-[[Senria|Senrian]] and pro-market wing of the Regeneration Society.  
Jiang has been identified as being a moderate, being less authoritarian and anti-Senrian than his predecessor [[Yuan Xiannian]]. Jiang has called himself a {{wp|pragmatism|pragmatist}} who is "''only concerned with the welfare of Shangea and the Shangean people''".  
===Democracy===
 
Jiang has supported the idea of a "''Xiaodongese approach to democracy''". According to Jiang, Xiaodongese democracy differs from {{wp|liberal democracy}} in that citizens have "''fundamental responsibilities to the state just as the state grants them fundamental rights.''" The concept of "Xiaodongese democracy" that Jiang promotes has also been promoted by former First Ministers [[Qian Xingwen]], [[Han Guanzheng]] and [[Yuan Xiannian]].  
However some political commentators have accused Jiang of being a {{wp|populism|populist}} who has "''shifted his views based on the situation''". Shangean political scientist Hu Guxiang has stated "''Jiang has few fixed principles. His ideological flexibility means he can convince [[Shangean nationalism|nationalists]], {{wp|Socialism|socialists}} and {{wp|Liberalism|liberals}} that he is one their side''. Hu stated however that his record generally points him as being in favour of centralising power within the regime whilst using propaganda as a tool for legitimisation rather then force.  


In a speech made upon becoming State Chairman in 2009, Jiang explicitly ruled out the emergence of a western style democracy in Xiaodong, rejecting {{wp|constitutionalism|constitutional}} {{wp|republicanism}}, a {{wp|presidential system}} and {{wp|separation of powers}}. Instead, Jiang proposed an {{wp|Elected dictatorship|strong government that requires the approval of the people}} and approved the idea of a form of "{{wp|democratic centralism}}" as an efficient way of conducting Xiaodongese politics.  
Jiang has been called as the Shangean regime's chief ideologist and crucial in shaping Shangean politics into {{wp|managed democracy}}.  
===Senrian Genocide===
===Historical revisionism===
Unlike other prominent Xiaodongese officials Jiang has not denied the existence of the [[Senrian Genocide]] during the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]]. Jiang stated in 2013 that the "''actions of units in the [[Imperial Authority of Senrian Territories|Senrian territories]] could be seen to constitute a form of {{wp|ethnic cleansing}}''" and that Xiaodong "''apologises profusely to the Senrian people''" over the actions of the 1930's. However, Jiang said that there was "''no policy of genocide''" and that the massacres were the brainchild of occupation authorities rather than the central government at the time.  
Jiang has held contradictory positions in regards to historical revisionism. In 2002, Jiang stated that "''there is no proof Shangea conducted a genocide, or indeed any form of mass killing, in the 1930's in [[Senria]].''" However in 2007 following several comments by [[Yuan Xiannian]] over the genocide that were widely seen as denying its existence, Jiang stated "''whilst not supporting the idea that there was a policy of genocide - there wasn't - there were some instances of mass killing by rogue units under the command of [[Qiu Hanjie]]. We recognise these mass killings as a tragedy and will continue to recognise that fact''".
 
In 2013, Jiang called the [[Senrian Genocide]] "''an issue of history...historical acts of aggression by Senria will not impact current Shangean policy''".
===Social welfare===
Jiang has been a prominent proponent to a more balanced model of Shangean development, believing that Shangea as a nation must be "''as concerned for the social welfare of the Shangean people as economic growth''", stating social welfare entails "''a sense of nationhood and that Shangean people are an undivided people''". Jiang says however that social welfare must not disrupt entrepreneurship and the aspirational potential of the Shangean people.  
==Personal life==
==Personal life==
===Family===
Jiang has been married three times. He married his first wife, Xie Shaogong, in 1976 at the age of 20. Xie had been a childhood friend and together they had one child, a boy called Jiang Wancang who was born in 1978. However, the relationship did not last with Xie divorcing Jiang in 1984. In 1985 Jiang married Jiang Liewen, a colleague of his at the foreign ministry. The two had two children together, a boy named Jiang Chusheng and a girl named Jiang Mei, born in 1989 and 1992 respectively. Personal differences however meant in 1994 the relationship broke down with the two divorcing that year.
In 1994 shortly after his divorce he married Peng Xuehong, who had been his principal private secretary for a little over three years. Since marrying Deng Jiang has had three more children, two girls named Jiang Chen and Jiang Xun, and a boy named Jiang Junzhuo, who were born in 1996, 1998 and 2003 respectively. Jiang is said to pay a "''substantial amount''" of money to his former wives and other children.
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]]
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]]

Latest revision as of 00:08, 20 October 2023

Jiāng Zhōngyú
江钟余
Xi Jinping October 2015.jpg
Jiang in May 2008
Minister of International Relations
Assumed office
8th March 2022
PremierWen Kezhi
In office
30thMarch 2007 – 19th June 2014
PremierXi Yaotang
Preceded byQin Baoming
Succeeded byXu Bangguo
Premier of Shangea
In office
19th June 2014 – 8th March 2022
PresidentYuan Xiannian
DeputyJiang Shaohong
Yuan Qinqin
Preceded byXi Yaotang
Succeeded byWen Kezhi
Member of the State Presidium
Assumed office
30thMarch 2007
Personal details
Born (1956-04-27) April 27, 1956 (age 68)
Flag of Xiaodong.png Baiqiao, Shangea
Political partyConstitutional Protection Society
Society for Restoring Benevolence
SpousePeng Xuehong
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Baiqiao

Jiang Zhongyu (Shangean: 江钟余; fuhao: Jiāng Zhōngyú) is a Shangean politician who has been theInternational Relations Minister from March 2022 having previously served from 2007 to 2014. He was previously Premier of Shangea from 2014 to 2022 and Governor of the Nanqing province from 2000 to 2007.

Jiang was one of the young technocrats that came to prominence during economic and political reform in the 1980's as a member of conservative Constitutional Protection Society. Jiang served as a career bureaucrat within the Shangean diplomatic service being Shangea's representative at the Community of Nations from 2002 to 2007. In 2007 he was appointed as Minister of International Relations under the government of Xi Yaotang. As International Relations Minister he became closely allied with the State Chairman Yuan Xiannian and played a core role in promoting shifts in Shangean foreign policy to a more assertive role in south Coius and relying on the International Forum for Developing States to project Shangean influence.

Following the 2014 Shangean elections premier Xi resigned due to poor results for the governing Society for Restoring Benevolence with Jiang being appointed his successor. In October 2016 Jiang was implicated in the Dianfu Banking Scandal which triggered the 2016-17 Shangean Protests. Jiang kept his post following the repression of the protests and became a key player in the enforcement of Normalisation. In 2022 he became International Relations Minister again being replaced as premier by Wen Keizi.

Jiang has been identified with the relatively hardline Yuan Xiannian throughout his career, combing economic modernisation with nationalism. Under his premiership during the Normalisation programme Jiang was seen as the unofficial leader of the government's "scientific clique" advocating an authoritarian technocracy. He has also been a strong advocate for south–south cooperation and has placed more emphasis on ties with developing countries through the International Forum for Developing States. Jiang has been described as "one of Shangea's foremost political operators" due to his "ruthless pragmatism, and has been identified as the Shangean regime's chief foreign policy operator.

Early life

Jiang Zhongyu was born in 1956 in the city of Baiqiao in a working class family of dock workers’, the first of four children. He grew up in the dock workers’ district in Baiqiao which was notable at the time for extreme poverty and disease. Jiang was able to get an adequate primary education before at the age of 12 being sent to be a runner at the docks, but nevertheless continued to attend school. He was able to pass selective exams at the age of 17 to enter higher education which enabled him to attend university albeit on a loan from the government.

Jiang attended the University of Baiqiao where he studied international relations. Whilst at the University of Baiqiao Jiang met his future wife Peng Xuehong. Jiang graduated from the University of Baiqiao in 1977 and subsequently went to work for the Shangean foreign ministry.

Early Career

Foreign Ministry first term

Premier

Foreign Ministry second term

Views

Jiang has been identified as being a moderate, being less authoritarian and anti-Senrian than his predecessor Yuan Xiannian. Jiang has called himself a pragmatist who is "only concerned with the welfare of Shangea and the Shangean people".

However some political commentators have accused Jiang of being a populist who has "shifted his views based on the situation". Shangean political scientist Hu Guxiang has stated "Jiang has few fixed principles. His ideological flexibility means he can convince nationalists, socialists and liberals that he is one their side. Hu stated however that his record generally points him as being in favour of centralising power within the regime whilst using propaganda as a tool for legitimisation rather then force.

Jiang has been called as the Shangean regime's chief ideologist and crucial in shaping Shangean politics into managed democracy.

Historical revisionism

Jiang has held contradictory positions in regards to historical revisionism. In 2002, Jiang stated that "there is no proof Shangea conducted a genocide, or indeed any form of mass killing, in the 1930's in Senria." However in 2007 following several comments by Yuan Xiannian over the genocide that were widely seen as denying its existence, Jiang stated "whilst not supporting the idea that there was a policy of genocide - there wasn't - there were some instances of mass killing by rogue units under the command of Qiu Hanjie. We recognise these mass killings as a tragedy and will continue to recognise that fact".

In 2013, Jiang called the Senrian Genocide "an issue of history...historical acts of aggression by Senria will not impact current Shangean policy".

Social welfare

Jiang has been a prominent proponent to a more balanced model of Shangean development, believing that Shangea as a nation must be "as concerned for the social welfare of the Shangean people as economic growth", stating social welfare entails "a sense of nationhood and that Shangean people are an undivided people". Jiang says however that social welfare must not disrupt entrepreneurship and the aspirational potential of the Shangean people.

Personal life

Family

Jiang has been married three times. He married his first wife, Xie Shaogong, in 1976 at the age of 20. Xie had been a childhood friend and together they had one child, a boy called Jiang Wancang who was born in 1978. However, the relationship did not last with Xie divorcing Jiang in 1984. In 1985 Jiang married Jiang Liewen, a colleague of his at the foreign ministry. The two had two children together, a boy named Jiang Chusheng and a girl named Jiang Mei, born in 1989 and 1992 respectively. Personal differences however meant in 1994 the relationship broke down with the two divorcing that year.

In 1994 shortly after his divorce he married Peng Xuehong, who had been his principal private secretary for a little over three years. Since marrying Deng Jiang has had three more children, two girls named Jiang Chen and Jiang Xun, and a boy named Jiang Junzhuo, who were born in 1996, 1998 and 2003 respectively. Jiang is said to pay a "substantial amount" of money to his former wives and other children.