List of heads of state of Etruria: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox official post | {{Infobox official post | ||
|post = President | |post = President | ||
|body = the United | |body = the United Etrurian Federation | ||
|native_name = ''Presidente della Federazione | |native_name = ''Presidente della Federazione Etruriana Unita''<br>''Predsjednik Ujedinjene Etruriska Federacije''<br>''Predsednik Priljubljena Eetruriska Federacija'' | ||
|insignia = | |insignia = | ||
|insigniasize = 130px | |insigniasize = 130px | ||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''[[Etruria|United | The '''[[Etruria|United Etrurian Federation]]''' in its history has had various heads of state under different regimes in its history. Since the declaration of the federal-republic in 1917 there has been XX heads of state of Etruria, of which XX constitutionally elected presidents and 1 elected First Citizen, X military dictators and X interim leaders. Since 1917 Etrurian heads of state also serve as head of government. Since 2016, the office encompassing both head of government and state has been officially renamed as First Citizen. | ||
The pre-republican Etruria was dominated by the Kingdom of Vespasia, which was governed through an {{wp|elected monarchy}}, drawn primarily from the ruling families of the pre-unification statelets, maritime republics, city-states and duchies. Following the political instability of the first two-decades of the 20th century, the monarchy was overthrown and a democratic federal republic was proclaimed, with the office of President being head of state and government. Etruria's political system is parliamentary in nature, with the President coming from the [[United Congress of Etruria]] and depending on its confidence to remain in office. Between 1917 and 1938, Etruria was ruled under its parliamentary system, however, following the country's political, economic and social collapse in wake of the "Great War", the system was supplanted by a {{wp|military dictatorship}} under the [[State Commission for National Resurgence]] (CSRN). | The pre-republican Etruria was dominated by the Kingdom of Vespasia, which was governed through an {{wp|elected monarchy}}, drawn primarily from the ruling families of the pre-unification statelets, maritime republics, city-states and duchies. Following the political instability of the first two-decades of the 20th century, the monarchy was overthrown and a democratic federal republic was proclaimed, with the office of President being head of state and government. Etruria's political system is parliamentary in nature, with the President coming from the [[United Congress of Etruria]] and depending on its confidence to remain in office. Between 1917 and 1938, Etruria was ruled under its parliamentary system, however, following the country's political, economic and social collapse in wake of the "Great War", the system was supplanted by a {{wp|military dictatorship}} under the [[State Commission for National Resurgence]] (CSRN). | ||
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Following the CSRN's defeat in the [[Solarian War]] in 1943, democracy was returned with the election of President [[Amintore Merzagora]]. However, renewed political instability and rising violence among ethnic minorities during the 1970s resulted in the return of military rule through the [[State Authority for Order and Peace]] (ASOP). The ASOP would rule continuously until 1983, when it voluntarily and peacefully returned power to democratically elected government. President [[Niko Zaninović]] was the first democratically elected to assume office in 1983. From 1983 until 2016, the Etrurian government would be dominated by a two-party system, with power alternating between the [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] and [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]. In 2016, in wake of growing dissatisfaction with the socio-economic and political situation in Etruria and the failed [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|referendum on membership of the Euclean Community]], [[Francesco Carcaterra]] of the populist [[Tribune Movement]] became President. Amendments to the constitution in 2016 were key to transferring several new powers to the office from the legislature, leading some to describe the 2016 constitution as having made a "compromised parliamentary-republic." | Following the CSRN's defeat in the [[Solarian War]] in 1943, democracy was returned with the election of President [[Amintore Merzagora]]. However, renewed political instability and rising violence among ethnic minorities during the 1970s resulted in the return of military rule through the [[State Authority for Order and Peace]] (ASOP). The ASOP would rule continuously until 1983, when it voluntarily and peacefully returned power to democratically elected government. President [[Niko Zaninović]] was the first democratically elected to assume office in 1983. From 1983 until 2016, the Etrurian government would be dominated by a two-party system, with power alternating between the [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] and [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]. In 2016, in wake of growing dissatisfaction with the socio-economic and political situation in Etruria and the failed [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|referendum on membership of the Euclean Community]], [[Francesco Carcaterra]] of the populist [[Tribune Movement]] became President. Amendments to the constitution in 2016 were key to transferring several new powers to the office from the legislature, leading some to describe the 2016 constitution as having made a "compromised parliamentary-republic." | ||
This is a list of the heads of state of Etruria, from the formation of the [[ | This is a list of the heads of state of Etruria, from the formation of the [[Etrurian First Republic]] in 1784. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:Emblem of Etruria 1794-1810.png|35px]] '''President of the National Convention''' [[File:Emblem of Etruria 1794-1810.png|35px]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan= | ! colspan=3|President | ||
! colspan=3|Term of Office | |||
! rowspan=2|Political party | |||
! rowspan=2|Notes | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! <small># | ||
! <small>Portrait | |||
! <small>Name | |||
! <small>Took office | |||
! <small>Left office | |||
! <small>Duration | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#858585;"|1 | |||
| | | [[File:|100px]] | ||
| | | '''[[Aurelio Polizzi]]'''<br /><small>(1730-1785)</small> | ||
| 2 January 1784 | |||
| 23 January 1784 | |||
{| | | {{age in years and days|1784|01|02|1784|01|23}} | ||
| [[Scugnizzi]] | |||
| {{small|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=8 style="background-color:# | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:Emblem of Etruria 1794-1810.png|35px]] '''[[Aventine Triad|Aventine Councillor]] of the [[Etrurian First Republic|Etrurian Republic]]''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#d2920e;"|2 | |||
| | |||
| '''[[Francesco Cassio Caciarelli]]'''<br /><small>(1758-1810)</small> | |||
| | | 23 January 1784 | ||
| 18 July 1784 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1784|01|23|1784|07|18}} | |||
|[[ | | [[La Pantheonisti]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0e55d2;"|2 | |||
| | |||
| '''[[Giovanni-Paolo Danova]]'''<br /><small>(1749-1784)</small> | |||
| 23 January 1784 | |||
| 18 July 1784 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1784|01|23|1784|07|18}} | |||
| [[Rispettabili]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0bb794;"|2 | |||
| | |||
| '''[[Massimiliano Malaspina]]'''<br /><small>(1751-1784)</small> | |||
| | | 23 January 1784 | ||
| 18 July 1784 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1784|01|23|1784|07|18}} | |||
|[[ | | [[Commercianti]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=" | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:Emblem of Etruria 1794-1810.png|35px]] '''[[First Citizen of Etruria|First Citizen]] of the [[Etrurian First Republic|Etrurian Republic]]''' [[File:Emblem of Etruria 1794-1810.png|35px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#d2920e;"|(2) | |||
| | |||
| '''[[Francesco Cassio Caciarelli]]'''<br /><small>(1758-1810)</small> | |||
| | | 18 July 1784 | ||
| 12 August 1810 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1784|07|18|1810|08|12}} | |||
|[[ | | [[La Pantheonisti]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=" | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom of Etruria.png|35px]] '''[[King of Etruria|King]] of the [[United Kingdom of Etruria]]''' [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom of Etruria.png|35px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|3 | |||
| [[File:Dipinto_di_Vittorio_Emanuele_I.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Caio Aurelio I of Etruria|Caio Aurelio I]]'''<br /><small>(1767-1829)</small> | ||
| | | 12 August 1810 | ||
| 26 November 1829 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1810|08|12|1829|11|26}} | |||
|[[ | | [[House of Caltrini]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|4 | |||
| [[File:KingCarloAlberto.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Caio Aurelio II of Etruria|Caio Aurelio II]]'''<br /><small>(1789-1841)</small> | |||
| 26 November 1829 | |||
| 3 April 1841 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1829|11|26|1841|04|03}} | |||
| [[House of Caltrini]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|5 | |||
| [[File:Carlo_Alberto_Museo_Risorgimento_Roma.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Caio Onorio of Etruria|Caio Onorio]]'''<br /><small>(1811-1856)</small> | ||
| | | 3 April 1841 | ||
| 19 September 1856 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1841|04|03|1856|09|19}} | |||
| [[House of Caltrini]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|6 | |||
| [[File:VictorEmmanuel2.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Caio Aurelio III of Etruria|Caio Aurelio III]]'''<br /><small>(1838-1882)</small> | |||
| 19 September 1856 | |||
| 9 March 1882 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1856|09|19|1882|03|09}} | |||
| [[House of Caltrini]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|7 | |||
| [[File:Brogi,_Carlo_(1850-1925)_-_Vittorio_Emanuele_III_di_Savoia.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Caio Augustino of Etruria|Caio Augustino]]'''<br /><small>(1865-1882)</small> | |||
| 9 March 1882 | |||
| 20 April 1888 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1882|03|09|1888|04|20}} | |||
| [[House of Caltrini]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[Chief of State (Etruria)|Chief of State]] of the [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etrurian Republic]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background: ;"|8 | |||
| [[File:Laszlo_-_Cardinal_Mariano_Rampolla.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Romolo Alessandri]]'''<br /><small>(1841-1899)</small> | |||
| 20 April 1888 | |||
| 17 November 1899 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1888|04|20|1899|11|17}} | |||
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Independent}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[President of Etruria|President]] of the [[Etrurian Second Republic|Etrurian Republic]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
== | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ffdc52;"|9 | |||
| [[File:Benedetto Cairoli 2.png|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Alfredo Di Rienzo]]'''<br /><small>(1879-1923)</small> | |||
| 29 November 1899 | |||
| 2 July 1904 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1899|11|29|1904|07|02}} | |||
| [[National Liberal Union (Etruria)|National Liberal Union]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#bee1f5;"|10 | |||
| [[File:Agostino Depretis.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Giorgio Maria Schiavi]]'''<br /><small>(1849-1919)</small> | ||
| | | 2 July 1904 | ||
| | | 14 September 1912 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1904|07|02|1912|09|14}} | |||
| [[Party of Tradition (Etruria)|Party of Tradition]] | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background:#ffdc52;"|11 | ||
| [[File:Francesco_Crispi.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Marco Antonio Loredan]]'''<br /><small>(1841-1921)</small> | |||
| 14 September 1912 | |||
| 10 November 1916 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1912|09|14|1916|11|10}} | |||
| [[National Liberal Union (Etruria)|National Liberal Union]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#3333cc;"|12 | |||
| [[File:Tommaso Tittoni 01.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Alessandro Luzzani]]'''<br /><small>(1849-1927)</small> | |||
| 10 November 1916 | |||
| 12 December 1922 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1916|11|10|1922|12|12}} | |||
| [[Liberal Republicans (Etruria)|Liberal Republicans]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background:#3333cc;"|13 | ||
| [[File:Antonio Salandra.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Guilio Augustino Schiattarella]]'''<br /><small>(1852-1940)</small> | |||
| 12 December 1922 | |||
| 3 July 1926 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1922|12|12|1926|07|03}} | |||
| [[Liberal Republicans (Etruria)|Liberal Republicans]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ffdc52;"|14 | |||
| [[File:EDato.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Vittore De Rossi]]'''<br /><small>(1851-1930)</small> | |||
| 3 July 1926 | |||
| 20 April 1927 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1926|07|03|1927|04|20}} | |||
| [[National Liberal Union (Etruria)|National Liberal Union]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ffdc52;"|15 | |||
| [[File:Sánchez Toca.JPG|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Aurelio Cesare Tozzo]]'''<br /><small>(1879-1942)</small> | ||
| | | 20 April 1927 | ||
| | | 3 June 1927 | ||
| | | {{age in years and days|1927|04|20|1927|06|03}} ''(Acting)'' | ||
| [[National Liberal Union (Etruria)|National Liberal Union]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0087dc;"|16 | |||
| [[File:Giovanni_Giolitti_2.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Fortunato Parlatore]]'''<br /><small>(1888-1965)</small> | |||
| 3 June 1927 | |||
| 11 November 1934 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1927|06|03|1934|11|11}} | |||
| [[Catholic Traditionalist Party (Etruria)|Catholic Traditionalist Party]] ''(National Coalition)'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background:#0087dc;"|17 | ||
| [[File:Ivanoe_Bonomi_1922.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Marco Antonio Ercolani]]'''<br /><small>(1873-1936)</small> | |||
| 11 November 1934 | |||
| 2 April 1936 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1934|11|11|1936|04|02}} | |||
| [[Catholic Traditionalist Party (Etruria)|Catholic Traditionalist Party]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=8 style="background-color:# | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[Co-Leader of Etruria|Co-Leader]] of the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#000000;"|{{color|white|18}} | |||
| [[File:Mussolini biografia.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Ettore Caviglia]]'''<br /><small>(1880-1946)</small> | ||
| | | 2 April 1936 | ||
| 25 August 1946 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1936|04|02|1946|08|18}} | |||
|[[ | | [[Revolutionary Legion of Etruria]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#000000;"|{{color|white|19}} | |||
| [[File:Italo Balbo.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Aldo Aurelio Tassinari]]'''<br /><small>(1893-1946)</small> | |||
| 2 April 1936 | |||
| 25 August 1946 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1936|04|02|1946|08|25}} | |||
| [[Revolutionary Legion of Etruria]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#DDDDDD;"|<center>[[File:CommonwealthLogo.png|30px]] '''Director-General for the Community of Nations Mandate for Etruria''' [[File:CommonwealthLogo.png|30px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:;"|20 | |||
| [[File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Seán Fitzgerald]]'''<br /><small>(1915-1961)</small> | |||
| 25 August 1946 | |||
| 1 January 1948 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1946|08|25|1948|01|01}} | |||
| {{wp|Independent (politics)|Independent}} | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=8 style="background-color:# | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[President of Etruria|President]] of the [[Etrurian Third Republic|United Etrurian Federation]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#f6da0d;"|21 | |||
| [[File:Ferruccio Parri Senato.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Giuseppe Zappella]]'''<br /><small>(1891-1989)</small> | ||
| | | 1 January 1948 | ||
|< | | 22 March 1950 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1948|01|01|1950|03|22}} | |||
| | | [[Democratic Action (Etruria)|Democratic Action]]<br /><small>Coalition: AD-DPL-L</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#f6da0d;"|22 | |||
| [[File:Randolfo_Pacciardi_(2).jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Domenico Dara]]'''<br/>''(Acting)''<br /><small>(1903-1973)</small> | |||
| 22 March 1950 | |||
| 1 July 1950 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1950|03|22|1950|07|01}} | |||
| [[Democratic Action (Etruria)|Democratic Action]]<br /><small>Coalition: AD-DPL</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ff8383;"|23 | |||
| [[File:Giovanni_Gronchi.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Gabriele Rumor]]'''<br /><small>(1887-1976)</small> | ||
| | | 1 July 1950 | ||
|< | | 11 March 1953 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1950|07|01|1953|03|11}} | |||
| | | [[Democratic Worker's Party (Etruria)|Democratic Worker's Party]]<br /><small>Coalition: PDL-AD-L</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ff8383;"|24 | |||
| [[File:Giuseppe_Pella.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Niccolo Pazzi]]'''<br /><small>(1903-1966)</small> | |||
| 11 March 1953 | |||
| 1 July 1954 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1953|03|11|1954|07|01}} | |||
| [[Democratic Worker's Party (Etruria)|Democratic Worker's Party]]<br /><small>Coalition: PDL-AD-L</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#87cefa;"|25 | |||
| [[File:Antonio_Segni_Official.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Coriolano Virgilio Rapisarda]]'''<br /><small>(1890-1982)</small> | |||
| 1 July 1954 | |||
| 9 September 1957 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1953|03|11|1957|09|09}} | |||
| [[Libertas]]<br /><small>Coalition: L-NMR-PRP-UCL-PNSL</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#87cefa;"|26 | |||
| [[File:Giovanni_Leone_1963.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Maurilio Mariani]]'''<br /><small>(1906-1957)</small> | ||
| | | 9 September 1957 | ||
|< | | 1 December 1957 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1957|09|09|1957|12|01}} | |||
| | | [[Libertas]]<br /><small>Coalition: L-PRP-UCL-PNSL-FWU</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#642a8f;"|27 | |||
| [[File:Emilio_Colombo_3.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Fiorino Bianco]]'''<br /><small>(1910-1989)</small> | |||
| 1 December 1957 | |||
| 1 July 1958 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1957|12|01|1958|07|01}} | |||
| [[Popular Republican Party (Etruria)|Popular Republican Party]]<br /><small>Coalition: PRP-L-UCL-PNSL-FWU</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#ff8383;"|28 | |||
| [[File:Aldo_Moro_in_1965.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Gabriele Viviano]]'''<br /><small>(1903-1989)</small> | |||
| 1 July 1958 | |||
| 4 May 1960 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1958|12|19|1960|05|04}} | |||
| [[Democratic Worker's Party (Etruria)|Democratic Worker's Party]]<br /><small>Coalition: PDL-L</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[Chief of State of Etruria|Chief of State]] of the [[Military dictatorship in Etruria|United Etrurian Federation]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#c3b091;"|29 | |||
| [[File:Giovanni De Lorenzo.jpg|100px]] | |||
| <small>{{Wp|Marshal|Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano}}</small><br />'''[[Francesco Augusto Sciarri]]'''<br /><small>(1908-1998)</small> | |||
| 4 May 1960 | |||
| 1 July 1974 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1960|05|04|1974|07|01}} | |||
| Military | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#c3b091;"|30 | |||
| [[File:Domenico_Corcione.jpg|100px]] | |||
| <small>{{Wp|Marshal|Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano}}</small><br />'''[[Giovanni Aurelio Brocco]]'''<br /><small>(1908-1998)</small> | |||
| 1 July 1974 | |||
| 10 September 1979 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1974|07|01|1979|09|10}} | |||
| Military | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#c3b091;"|31 | |||
| [[File:DallaChiesa.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | <small>{{Wp|Marshal|Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano}}</small><br />'''[[Gennaro Aurelio Altieri]]'''<br /><small>(1908-1998)</small> | ||
| | | 10 September 1979 | ||
| | | 1 July 1983 | ||
| {{age in years and days|1979|09|10|1983|07|01}} | |||
| | | Military | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |colspan=8 style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"|<center>[[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] '''[[President of Etruria|President]] of the [[Etruria|United Etrurian Federation]]''' [[File:EmblemofEtruria.png|35px]] | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#d6418c;"|32 | |||
| [[File:Bettino_Craxi_2.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Miloš Vidović]]'''<br /><small>(1929-2001)</small> | |||
| 1 July 1983 | |||
| 1 July 1989 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1983|07|01|1989|07|01}} | |||
| [[Social Democratic Party (Etruria)|Social Democratic Party]]<br /><small>(SDP, [[Sotirian Democracy (Etruria)|SD]])</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#d6418c;"|33 | |||
| [[File:Drnovsek.png|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Vincenzo Biava]]'''<br /><small>(1937-2012)</small> | ||
| | | 1 July 1989 | ||
|< | | 20 June 1994 | ||
| | | {{age in years and days|1989|07|01|1994|06|20}} | ||
| | | [[Social Democratic Party (Etruria)|Social Democratic Party]]<br /><small>(SDP, [[Sotirian Democracy (Etruria)|SD]])</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0087dc;"|34 | |||
| [[File:Ciampi ritratto.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Nicolò Grassi]]'''<br /><small>(1924-2015)</small> | |||
| 20 June 1994 | |||
| 2 July 2002 | |||
| {{age in years and days|1994|06|20|2002|07|02}} | |||
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]<br /><small>(EFP, [[Farmers and Workers Union|FWU]])</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#d6418c;"|35 | |||
| [[File:Stjepan_Mesic_(2)_(cropped).jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Vinko Begović]]'''<br /><small>(1938-)</small> | |||
| 2 July 2002 | |||
| 3 July 2009 | |||
| {{age in years and days|2002|07|02|2009|07|03}} | |||
| [[Social Democratic Party (Etruria)|Social Democratic Party]]<br /><small>(SDP, [[People's Liberal Party (Etruria)|PLP]])</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0087dc;"|36 | |||
| [[File:Mario Monti 2012.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Urbano Onoforio]]'''<br /><small>(1946-)</small> | ||
| | | 3 July 2009 | ||
|< | | 25 February 2011 | ||
| | | {{age in years and days|2009|07|03|2011|02|25}} | ||
| | | [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]<br /><small>(EFP, [[Farmers and Workers Union|FWU]])</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0087dc;"|37 | |||
| [[File:Matteo_Renzi_2015.jpeg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Emiliano Reali]]'''<br /><small>(1974-)</small> | |||
| 25 February 2011 | |||
| 7 July 2016 | |||
| {{age in years and days|2011|02|25|2016|07|07}} | |||
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]<br /><small>(EFP, [[Farmers and Workers Union|FWU]])</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#0087dc;"|38 | |||
| [[File:Enrico Letta 2013.jpg|100px]] | |||
| | | '''[[Andrea Salvini]]'''<br /><small>(1963-)</small> | ||
| | | 7 July 2016 | ||
|<small> | | 11 August 2016 | ||
| {{age in years and days|2016|07|07|2016|08|11}} | |||
| | | [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]<br /><small>(EFP)</small> | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#961c1c;"|39 | |||
| [[File:Giuseppe Conte Official.jpg|100px]] | |||
| '''[[Francesco Carcaterra]]'''<br /><small>(1969-)</small> | |||
| 11 August 2016 | |||
| ''Incumbent'' | |||
| {{age in years and days|2016|08|11}} | |||
| [[Tribune Movement]]<br /><small>(TM)</small> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Etruria]] | [[Category:Etruria]] |
Latest revision as of 00:12, 30 November 2021
President of the United Etrurian Federation | |
---|---|
Presidente della Federazione Etruriana Unita Predsjednik Ujedinjene Etruriska Federacije Predsednik Priljubljena Eetruriska Federacija | |
Style | The Most Excellent |
Residence | Palazzo Orsini |
Term length | Five years, unlimited term |
Inaugural holder | Alessandro Luzzani head of state (President) under the constitution of 1917 |
Formation | first: 1917 Constitution current: 2016 Constitution |
Salary | $460,000 annually |
The United Etrurian Federation in its history has had various heads of state under different regimes in its history. Since the declaration of the federal-republic in 1917 there has been XX heads of state of Etruria, of which XX constitutionally elected presidents and 1 elected First Citizen, X military dictators and X interim leaders. Since 1917 Etrurian heads of state also serve as head of government. Since 2016, the office encompassing both head of government and state has been officially renamed as First Citizen.
The pre-republican Etruria was dominated by the Kingdom of Vespasia, which was governed through an elected monarchy, drawn primarily from the ruling families of the pre-unification statelets, maritime republics, city-states and duchies. Following the political instability of the first two-decades of the 20th century, the monarchy was overthrown and a democratic federal republic was proclaimed, with the office of President being head of state and government. Etruria's political system is parliamentary in nature, with the President coming from the United Congress of Etruria and depending on its confidence to remain in office. Between 1917 and 1938, Etruria was ruled under its parliamentary system, however, following the country's political, economic and social collapse in wake of the "Great War", the system was supplanted by a military dictatorship under the State Commission for National Resurgence (CSRN).
Following the CSRN's defeat in the Solarian War in 1943, democracy was returned with the election of President Amintore Merzagora. However, renewed political instability and rising violence among ethnic minorities during the 1970s resulted in the return of military rule through the State Authority for Order and Peace (ASOP). The ASOP would rule continuously until 1983, when it voluntarily and peacefully returned power to democratically elected government. President Niko Zaninović was the first democratically elected to assume office in 1983. From 1983 until 2016, the Etrurian government would be dominated by a two-party system, with power alternating between the Etrurian Socialist Party and Etrurian Federalist Party. In 2016, in wake of growing dissatisfaction with the socio-economic and political situation in Etruria and the failed referendum on membership of the Euclean Community, Francesco Carcaterra of the populist Tribune Movement became President. Amendments to the constitution in 2016 were key to transferring several new powers to the office from the legislature, leading some to describe the 2016 constitution as having made a "compromised parliamentary-republic."
This is a list of the heads of state of Etruria, from the formation of the Etrurian First Republic in 1784.
President | Term of Office | Political party | Notes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Duration | ||
1 | [[File:|100px]] | Aurelio Polizzi (1730-1785) |
2 January 1784 | 23 January 1784 | 21 days | Scugnizzi | |
2 | Francesco Cassio Caciarelli (1758-1810) |
23 January 1784 | 18 July 1784 | 177 days | La Pantheonisti | ||
2 | Giovanni-Paolo Danova (1749-1784) |
23 January 1784 | 18 July 1784 | 177 days | Rispettabili | ||
2 | Massimiliano Malaspina (1751-1784) |
23 January 1784 | 18 July 1784 | 177 days | Commercianti | ||
(2) | Francesco Cassio Caciarelli (1758-1810) |
18 July 1784 | 12 August 1810 | 26 years, 25 days | La Pantheonisti | ||
3 | Caio Aurelio I (1767-1829) |
12 August 1810 | 26 November 1829 | 19 years, 106 days | House of Caltrini | ||
4 | Caio Aurelio II (1789-1841) |
26 November 1829 | 3 April 1841 | 11 years, 128 days | House of Caltrini | ||
5 | Caio Onorio (1811-1856) |
3 April 1841 | 19 September 1856 | 15 years, 169 days | House of Caltrini | ||
6 | Caio Aurelio III (1838-1882) |
19 September 1856 | 9 March 1882 | 25 years, 171 days | House of Caltrini | ||
7 | Caio Augustino (1865-1882) |
9 March 1882 | 20 April 1888 | 6 years, 42 days | House of Caltrini | ||
8 | Romolo Alessandri (1841-1899) |
20 April 1888 | 17 November 1899 | 11 years, 211 days | Independent | ||
9 | Alfredo Di Rienzo (1879-1923) |
29 November 1899 | 2 July 1904 | 4 years, 216 days | National Liberal Union | ||
10 | Giorgio Maria Schiavi (1849-1919) |
2 July 1904 | 14 September 1912 | 8 years, 74 days | Party of Tradition | ||
11 | Marco Antonio Loredan (1841-1921) |
14 September 1912 | 10 November 1916 | 4 years, 57 days | National Liberal Union | ||
12 | Alessandro Luzzani (1849-1927) |
10 November 1916 | 12 December 1922 | 6 years, 32 days | Liberal Republicans | ||
13 | Guilio Augustino Schiattarella (1852-1940) |
12 December 1922 | 3 July 1926 | 3 years, 203 days | Liberal Republicans | ||
14 | Vittore De Rossi (1851-1930) |
3 July 1926 | 20 April 1927 | 291 days | National Liberal Union | ||
15 | Aurelio Cesare Tozzo (1879-1942) |
20 April 1927 | 3 June 1927 | 44 days (Acting) | National Liberal Union | ||
16 | Fortunato Parlatore (1888-1965) |
3 June 1927 | 11 November 1934 | 7 years, 161 days | Catholic Traditionalist Party (National Coalition) | ||
17 | Marco Antonio Ercolani (1873-1936) |
11 November 1934 | 2 April 1936 | 1 year, 143 days | Catholic Traditionalist Party | ||
18 | Ettore Caviglia (1880-1946) |
2 April 1936 | 25 August 1946 | 10 years, 138 days | Revolutionary Legion of Etruria | ||
19 | Aldo Aurelio Tassinari (1893-1946) |
2 April 1936 | 25 August 1946 | 10 years, 145 days | Revolutionary Legion of Etruria | ||
20 | Seán Fitzgerald (1915-1961) |
25 August 1946 | 1 January 1948 | 1 year, 129 days | Independent | ||
21 | Giuseppe Zappella (1891-1989) |
1 January 1948 | 22 March 1950 | 2 years, 80 days | Democratic Action Coalition: AD-DPL-L |
||
22 | Domenico Dara (Acting) (1903-1973) |
22 March 1950 | 1 July 1950 | 101 days | Democratic Action Coalition: AD-DPL |
||
23 | Gabriele Rumor (1887-1976) |
1 July 1950 | 11 March 1953 | 2 years, 253 days | Democratic Worker's Party Coalition: PDL-AD-L |
||
24 | Niccolo Pazzi (1903-1966) |
11 March 1953 | 1 July 1954 | 1 year, 112 days | Democratic Worker's Party Coalition: PDL-AD-L |
||
25 | Coriolano Virgilio Rapisarda (1890-1982) |
1 July 1954 | 9 September 1957 | 4 years, 182 days | Libertas Coalition: L-NMR-PRP-UCL-PNSL |
||
26 | Maurilio Mariani (1906-1957) |
9 September 1957 | 1 December 1957 | 83 days | Libertas Coalition: L-PRP-UCL-PNSL-FWU |
||
27 | Fiorino Bianco (1910-1989) |
1 December 1957 | 1 July 1958 | 212 days | Popular Republican Party Coalition: PRP-L-UCL-PNSL-FWU |
||
28 | File:Aldo Moro in 1965.jpg | Gabriele Viviano (1903-1989) |
1 July 1958 | 4 May 1960 | 1 year, 137 days | Democratic Worker's Party Coalition: PDL-L |
|
29 | Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano Francesco Augusto Sciarri (1908-1998) |
4 May 1960 | 1 July 1974 | 14 years, 58 days | Military | ||
30 | Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano Giovanni Aurelio Brocco (1908-1998) |
1 July 1974 | 10 September 1979 | 5 years, 71 days | Military | ||
31 | File:DallaChiesa.jpg | Capo di stato maggiore dell'Esercito Etruriano Gennaro Aurelio Altieri (1908-1998) |
10 September 1979 | 1 July 1983 | 3 years, 294 days | Military | |
32 | Miloš Vidović (1929-2001) |
1 July 1983 | 1 July 1989 | 6 years, 0 days | Social Democratic Party (SDP, SD) |
||
33 | Vincenzo Biava (1937-2012) |
1 July 1989 | 20 June 1994 | 4 years, 354 days | Social Democratic Party (SDP, SD) |
||
34 | Nicolò Grassi (1924-2015) |
20 June 1994 | 2 July 2002 | 8 years, 12 days | Etrurian Federalist Party (EFP, FWU) |
||
35 | Vinko Begović (1938-) |
2 July 2002 | 3 July 2009 | 7 years, 1 day | Social Democratic Party (SDP, PLP) |
||
36 | Urbano Onoforio (1946-) |
3 July 2009 | 25 February 2011 | 1 year, 237 days | Etrurian Federalist Party (EFP, FWU) |
||
37 | Emiliano Reali (1974-) |
25 February 2011 | 7 July 2016 | 5 years, 133 days | Etrurian Federalist Party (EFP, FWU) |
||
38 | Andrea Salvini (1963-) |
7 July 2016 | 11 August 2016 | 35 days | Etrurian Federalist Party (EFP) |
||
39 | Francesco Carcaterra (1969-) |
11 August 2016 | Incumbent | 7 years, 284 days | Tribune Movement (TM) |