Polnitsa

Grand Duchy of Polnitsa Polnitske Wulkowójwodstwo (Polnitsan)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Polnitska Přeco ("Polnitsa Forever")
Anthem: Polnitske Přichodny Onward for Polnitsa
Grand Ducal Badge: File:Grand Ducal Badge of Polnitsa.png
Location of Polnitsa (dark green) – in Belisaria (dark grey)
Political map of Polnitsa Political map of Polnitsa
Capital and largest city	Modbrjoh
Official language and national language	Polnitsan
Ethnic groups (2020)	81% Polnitsan 6% Livalian 6% Gariman 4% Gariman 4% Other
Religion (2020)	43% Emendatic Nazarism 22% Unaffiliated/none 20% Fabrian Catholicism 8% Argovian Christianity 3% Judaism 4% Other
Demonym(s)	Polnitsan
Government	Unitary constitutional monarchy
• Grand Duke	Charles I
• Chancellor	Kito Symanski
• President of the National Diet	Bohumir Kowar
Legislature	National Diet
Independence from the Kingdom of Livalia
• Proclamation	7 June 1499
• Recognized	30 July 1518
• North-South division	22 September 1943
• Treaty of Ascanium	4 March 2005
• Reunification	20 June 2006
• Current constitution adopted	17 March 2012
Area
• Total	16,896 km2 (6,524 sq mi) (Xth)
Population
• 2020 census	3,950,421
• Density	233.8/km2 (605.5/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$88.1 billion
• Per capita	$22,297
Currency	Złoty (zł) (POZ)
Time zone	UTC+1 (BCT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+475
Internet TLD	.po

Polnitsa (Polnitsan: Polnitske Republika) is a unitary constitutional monarchy in Central Belisaria. It is one of the least populous countries in Belisaria. Polnitsa is located located along the west coast of Lake Kupalnitsa, covering an area of 16,896 square kilometers, with a population of 3,950,421. It is bordered by Ostrozava to the north and Garima to the west and south. The largest city and capital is Modbrjoh, which also serves as its main financial center.

Various Leuten tribes inhabited the area of modern Polnitsa since the classical period. The area fell under control of Tervingia in the 1st century BCE, and remained so until X and the impending collapse of the High Kingdom. The 5th century Slavic migrations resulted in the [GROUP] settling in Polnitsa, who are regarded as the predecessors of modern Polnitsans. [GROUP] independence was short-lived, and fell under control of the Kingdom of Livalia by 700. Later as a Livalian tributary state, local nobleman Boleslaw Lesorn led a revolt against Livalia and proclaimed himself the Grand Duke of Polnitsa, on 7 June 1499. Despite recognition of its independence, Polnitsa again fell under the sway of either Livalia or the Holy Audonian Empire, later Garima. Polnitsa often faced persecution for its populations' adherence to Emendatic Nazarism, which led to Grand Duke Barnim I converting to Catholicism to avoid further Audonian invasions. As of the 2013 constitution, Polnitsa is a secular state.

Following the revolution in neighboring Ostrozava, and the increasingly autocratic rule of Grand Duke Maximilian II, Polnitsa faced its own anti-monarchist revolution in 1939. The 1939 revolution resulted in a 5 year long civil war that resulted in the formation of the Prime Republic of Polnitsa, primarily supported by neighboring Ostrozava. The Prime Republic often faced guerilla attacks from anti-socialist or pro-monarchist militias, often supported by foreign governments. The republic was eventually overthrown in the 2005 War of Restoration, where anti-socialist and pro-monarchist groups led a successful counterrevolution. The subsequent counterrevolution transitional government, national rebuilding, and the forced abdication of Grand Duke Louis Ferdinand I remained costly, and a process from which the country had only begun to overcome in recent years.

Today, Polnitsa has the #th economy in the world. It is considered a developing nation with a middle income economy, dominated by a growing service sector and followed by manufacturing and agriculture. Polnitsa went through harsh economy troubles following 2005 war and the merging of economies to create a market-based system. Polnitsa provides universal health care and free primary and secondary education to citizens and most permanent residents. It is a member of the Forum of Nations, and the Angrast Accord.

Etymology

Polnitsa is an endonym that primarily derives its name from the neighboring Lake Kupalnitsa. The name is a combination of the Polnitsan "po", meaning by, on, or nearby, and "-nista" from Kupalnitsa; therefore, translating to "people near the Kupalnitsa. Lake Kupalnitsa itself is named after Kupalnitsa, Slavic goddess of the night, due to the considerable depth of the lake.

Geography

Polnitsa is among the smallest countries in Belisaria, with an area of 16896 km². Its geography has been defined by Lake Kupalnitsa and the Tisa River that forms the country's southern border. The country is marked with hills and plains, and a series of forests, the latter of which consist of nearly 27% of the country's geography

Climate

Polnitsa has a temperate seasonal climate, featuring warm, low humidity summers that frequently feature rain and cold, snowy winters. On average, Polnitsa experiences four distinct seasons, and has an average temperature of 11°C. Rainfall in Polnitsa is often focused along the Kupalnitsan shore, but frequently extends into the country's interior.

Politics and government

Main article: Politics of Polnitsa

Grand Duke Charles I
Monarch since 2013

Kito Symanski
Chancellor since 2019

As head of state, the Grand Duke is charged with representing Polnitsa abroad and in foreign affairs. The constitution grants the Grand Duke a veto right over all legislature passed by the National Diet, as all legislation requires the Grand Duke's consent. The Grand Duke opens the National Diet and may dissolve the legislative body, propose legislation, call for popular referendums, declare war, conclude treaties, and declare a state of emergency. Executive authority, however, is vested through the Cabinet, whose members are chosen in concert by the Grand Duke and Chancellor. Constitutionally, the Cabinet must reflect the the composition of the National Diet. Cabinet ministers are jointly responsible to the Grand Duke and National Diet, but only the Grand Duke has the authority to dismiss cabinet ministers.

The National Diet is the unicameral legislature of Polnitsa, and is responsible for legislative functions. It consists of 80 seats, elected every four years according to a single-member district system. Elections for the Diet have been dominated by a two to two and a half party system since the introduction of elective politics following the adoption of the 1966 constitution. The Chancellor is often regarded as the leader of the Diet; however, the President of the Diet is the presiding officer of the legislature and oversees day-to-day activity. The President of the Diet is expected to remain politically independent.

Law in Polnitsa is based on civil law system that draws influences from Latin law, Audonias-Gariman law, which are codified into the Sophian Codes of Law and Polnitsan Penal Code. The Judiciary of Polnitsa is composed of a multi-tier court system, the Supreme Court, which serves as the court of last resort for all ordinary (civil and criminal) matters; the Constitutional Council, which serves as the court of last resort for administrative, constitutional, and other public law matters; the Courts of Appeal, which is the intermediate court; and the Courts of Common Cause, which serves as the nation's general trial court. Judges are appointed by the Grand Duke of a life term; however, the Grand Duke may remove a judge with the consent of the Diet.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Polnitsa

Polnitsa is a unitary state and is divided into 14 districts, and one special autonomous region. There are three historical regions recognized by the constitution, which correspond with the three statistical regions of Polnitsa. Municipalities are the most important unit of administration in Polnista. Since 2007, each municipality has its own elected government, consisting of an elected city council and either an elected or appointed mayor, as some city charters allow for the local government to appoint its mayor. Local elections take place every three years.

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Polnitsa

Military

Main article: Polnitsan Defense Forces

The Polnitsa Defense Forces is the name of the unified armed forces, and consists of multiple branches: Grand Ducal Army, Grand Ducal Naval Force, Grand Ducal Special Forces. Reservist forces fall under the command of their respective branch of the Defense Forces, while Military Police are directly responsible to the Minister of Defense. The Grand Ducal Defense Forces consist of approximately 30,000 active personnel. Compulsory conscription has existed since 1920, but since 1997 conscripts only serve as reservist forces, with a term of service that lasts 36 months starting at the age of 18.

The Grand Ducal National Police Force falls under the command of the Special Forces, and is the only part of the military to fall under the competency of the Minister of the Interior. The National Police are charged with securing the integrity of Polnitsan territory and waters, constitutional order, and public safety. In times of total war, the National Police may also be called upon to support the Defense Forces.

Economy

Polnitsa has an open and mixed economy that is classified as a middle-income country. The largest sectors of the economy are services, manufacturing, and agriculture or fisheries. Polnitsa has one of the fastest growing economies since the mid 2010s. The largest growth to Polnitsa's GDP came following the abdication of Louis Ferdinand. Almost 75% of all foreign investment in Polnitsa comes from neighboring Angrast Accord nations, and 95% comes from Belisarian nations. Garima, Drevstran, and until recently Ostrozava, have historically been the largest investors.

Polnitsa's economic lows in the aftermath of the 2005 War of Restoration saw approximately 1 in every 6 Polnitsans emigrate. This emigration, combined with subsequent economic growth, resulted in labor shortages and a competitive labor market.

Energy

Polnits suffers from a lack of energy independence, and is required to import energy to supplement its inability to produce sufficient energy for the country. While recent government policies have lessened his dependence, 30% of all power in Polnitsa is imported from either Garima or Ostrozava. Recent investment has proposed constructing a nuclear power plant, but as of 2020 the project remains stalled. Polnitsa has had more success in growing renewable energies.

Demographics

Ethnic Polnitsans compose over 80% of the country's population, making it one of the most homogeneous populations among the Kupalnitsan nations. As of the most recent census, the population of Polnitsa was 3,950,421, 81% of whom are ethnic Polnitsans. The largest minority groups in Polnitsa are Livalians and Garimans, standing at approximately 6% each. Nearly 4% of the population is Ostrozavans.

The Gariman population is primarily located in the southern half of the country, along the Gariman border and the Duchy of Kostritz. Livalians in Polnitsa, however, are more spread out throughout Polnitsa and not located heavily in any single district. For centuries, a small Tervingian population has persisted and flourished in the western, more remote regions of Polnitsa.

The sole official, and national language, of Polnitsa is Polnitsan, though there remains a significant presence of Livalian speakers. In recent years, Gariman has become the second most-widely spoken language in the country. Latin and Ecclesiastical Tervingian retain a prominent status for liturgical purposes.

Religion

According to the 2020 census, Emendatic Nazarism is the largest single religious affiliation in Polnitsa. Emendatic Nazarism persisted as the largest faith in Polnitsa despite persecutions throughout the middle ages and early republican era. Unaffiliated/non-religious is the second largest affiliation in Polnitsa, and has expanded the most since the 1950s; however, the overall size of unaffiliated has shrunk in recent years. The third largest religious group is Fabrian Catholicism.