Ferrology

Nashe Metropolitan Railway Sistem train Skytrain Type 2A

Ferrology a Riamese-originated science which seeks to study, analize and critique mass transportation systems, with special focus on railways. This field of stufy seeks to find theories that link statistics, mathematics and social sciences through which the outcome of transit systems can be optimized.

Advances in ferrology often enable advances in new transportation technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of population densities, interstation spacing, and vehicle design led directly to the development of new theories and applications that have dramatically transformed the way railways are built in Riamo, such as inner-outer city rail differentiation, tramways, and electric trenchways; advances in stations design led to the development of standardization associations (such as the Standard Eastern Rail;

Etymology

The word is a Riamese term first introduced by Marcus Thorn to describe the group of schools of thought clashing around the expansion of Riamese railways in the 19th century. These schools of thought, which had their origins in political views and economical beliefs, would eventually become fully-fleshed theories by the 20th century, and would come together to encompass what he considered a mathematical science with phylosophical aspects.

The word itself comes from ferrus ("iron"), a romance word introduced via Gavrilia from Canteria, referring to the irons, a popular nickname of rail trakc sin Riamo.

History

After the first transportation systems had established themselves as worthy of investment, many were the Vanguardists who started debating about them, with some records of newspapers and bolletins being published as early as 1984.

Schools of thought

Tram-Train Theory

Ashbury Metrolink train of the 3000 series

The school defends the usage of a train-tram hybrid as main and only auxiliary transport method to buses. It would operate on normal gauge rails alongside normal trains, while also passing through the deep urban center in a tram-like way. The 3T was sparkled by the need of good regional rail to connect the long metropolitan area along the Leight river, and demonstrated the need of good regional rail to evade depopulation of the countryside.

The 3T school has been characterized for being profound defenders of the bottom-up budget scheme, by which the base of any transportation system is to be fund more at the lower levels, prioritizing them in order the following order: cycles - buses - tram-rains - national rail.

The school's scheme of lines is notorious for the usage of branches and vast amounts of shared track, all to be coordinated by a centralized system.

A variant of the theory, the so-called Train-tram + Tram Theory (also known as 4T) defends the usage of both regular trams and train-trams. The first ones, smaller and slower, would operate in city centers and have smaller distances between stations, working more as streetcars than trams. The latter would operate between the urban core and the periphery, with less stops in the city center, dedicated right of way, good connectivity with tram lines, and possibly operating underground in some sections where land is dense in infrastructure or roadways.

Gurism

Originary from the Riamese city of Guri and with a deep influence over many systems worldwide, Gurism defends a healthy integration of all transportation modes into one larger system. The highest aim of the school is to make use of all the different alternatives correctly so that the chosen mode fulfills local transportation needs to its the highest extense possible.

During its origins, Gurism had a strong bias for subways, but as places for practising cut and cover started to run out, trams and heavier rail types soon flourished. By this school, a metropolish should aim to have 5 main distinct transportation types:

• Buses: Aimed at providing reliable and high frecuency transportation where rail infrastructure has still not been concieved, buses should be but a temporary proof of concept while higher tiers of transportation modes can be achieved in an area.
• Trams: Used in continuous urban areas, with dedicated right of way where possible, aiming to cover short-distance trips along lineal axis of movement, or, alternatively, creating grid-like networks to cover dense areas.
• Trenchways: Being the backbone of the system, underground trenchways would aim to cover trips between different zones of the urban area with station density of no less than 2 per kilometer of track.
• Regional rail: Used to connect the periphery with the urban core through exclusive right of way, high speeds, vast inter-station spacing and high capacity per train.
• Express lines: Running alonside other lines and with similar nomenclature to them, express services are to provide service on shared track with an untouchable right of way, skipping stations were passenger volume is much less intense, so trips can be shortened for passengers incoming from busier stations.

Kentalian-Riamese Super-Metro

Train from many Kentalian S-Voz systems stopping at a rail-centered bypassable station in Polácica

First presented to the public on the innauguration of Chesnough's subway system , and as its name indicates, the KRSM philosophy defends the usage of the subway as the absolute protagonist of a transport system. While only applicable to large metropolitan areas with a well-defined urban core surrounded by a stable population density throughout, the SM school has been proven very successful worldwide, being the simplest system to implement at cost of a lower effectiveness and cost than other systems.

The system relies on the concept of Limited Train Capacity, its one fundamental pillar, which states that "No monodirectional viaduct can be expected to hold more than a train every 90 seconds, nor should it be designed to hold less, with ruburdial areas being the exception as per to make the system core-heavy in train density". It implies that tracks can only hold a certain amount of trains per direction due to signaling limitations; suburban portions of lines would need less frecuency to cover most trips; express lines are to be used to liberate capacity on suburban portions of lines; and that interlining allows for a better distribution of passengers and trips across the network (while actually increasing waiting times, studies have shown that transfers are reduced exponentially, reducing overall travel times for most passengers of the system).

The KRSM incorporates track sharing, a strict right of way, and extensive use of branching and express lines, as it defends strictly grade separated rails with universal gauge and electrification method that allows for interlining, track-sharing and express routes.

Furthermore, it has historically defended a radial pattern, with lines spreading into the suburbs from the core urban area, branching as it moves further out into less dense areas. However, post-90s influence from Namese systems have sparkled a small movement supporting the usage of radiocentric lines that serve as intersuburban connections.

It remains as the main transportation phylosophy across Kentalis and eastern Riamo (specially on the former Nam Republic), representing a monumental increase in efficiency compared to other theories while maintaining some simplistic aspects of the mono-mode system.

Efficient Above All

Efficient Above All (何よりも効率的, Naniyori mo kōritsu-teki) is the most widespread concept in Hoterallian railways works, as well as the school of thought that has had the most impact on worldwide ferrology. It is sometimes referred to as NKT ot EAA.

Incentivised by the Hoterallian culture of punctuality, NKT was quick to become a major school of thought as it was the first to prioritize punctuality and reliability as the two fundamental factors for the prosperity and usage of a transit network.

Because of this, Hoterallian railways are among the most punctual in Anteria, with passengers expecting to wait less than a minute of delay in timing . When trains are delayed for five minutes, conductors would publically apologize, with many companies providing "delay certificates" (遅延証明書), as it would be considered extraordinary for a train to be so late.

It is because of this phylosophy of impecability that Hoterallian citizens rely heavily on rail transit and take it for granted that trains operate on time.

EAA has influenced many other schools of thought worldwide, specially Riamo's, as the two countries have a long history of rail cooperation .

Portish

Official 2021 map of the Portington Trenchway system

Also known as the Simplistic approach or Portington's Way, the Portish system would define Portington's approach at making a trenchway system. Its golden rule, described by famous author and defender Aurthur D.Pattingson is that of "mantaining the highest possible simplicity achievable with local conditions".

Notorious elements of the simplistic approach include the idea of mantaining lineal lines with no branches, keeping at a minimum terminus stations without connection to other lines, reduced usage of tramways, and usage of grid-like patterns when possible because, as Pattingson mentions it in his book Our transit, "grids are the most powerful tool available to trenchway systems to improve connectivity and ease of use, for as long as their usage does not interfere with quality of the system".