Citizenry Uprising: Difference between revisions
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===Hunyadi Civil Riots=== | ===Hunyadi Civil Riots=== | ||
{{Main article|Hunyadi Civil Riots}} | {{Main article|Hunyadi Civil Riots}} | ||
The '''Hunyadi Civil Riots''' were a series of riots that were contained in the city of [[Hunyadi]] in [[Csönge]] that occurred from July 19 to November 28 in 1917. The main reason for the riots was outrage at [[Operation Noble Trident]], a covert information operation that was carried out by the [[Committee on State Information]] on several professors and students that had affiliated themselves with the anti-Nemesség Blue Nationalist Party in Hunyadi. Operation Noble Trident was ended and considered a failure after the [[Murder of János Rákosi]], the brother of [[András Rákosi]]. When news of the murder and the subsequent leaking of documents about Operation Noble Trident to local newsources, discontent in the local Polgárság rose. The first protests began in July 19 where students and residents gathered to protest against the Nemesség rule. Several local leaders from the Blue Nationalist Party were also present, most notably [[Dezső Pattantyús]], who was at that time, the chairman of the Csönge Blue Nationalist Party. | |||
The protests recieved little attention until the protesters broke into the Hunyadi Municipal Courthouse, where the local Csönge Rendőrség Department arrived and attempted to contain the situation. Armed with loaded {{wpl|M1903 Springfield|.03 Puskák}}, the Rendőrség ended up firing on the protestors, known as the [[Hunyadi Courthouse Massacre]]. After the first killing, the Rendőrség continued to fire into the crowd until it was dispersed. Ending in 22 deaths and 86 injured protestors, alongside 195 arrests, the Courthouse Massacre is believed to be where the protesting turned into a riot. The Civil Riots would be marked by two other massacres that were committed against the protesting Polgárság, the [[Hunyadi University Massacre]] and [[Halmos's Massacre]]. | |||
The protests ended in November 28 when the governer of Csönge, Ferenc Halmos, was arrested by the [[Noble Rendőrség]] and the Népkormány called for a reorganization of the Csönge government alongside local Hunyadi city government. The Civil Riots are considered to been one of the biggest blows done to the rule of the Nemesség throughout the Néma Forradalom. Before the Civil Riots, Csönge was strongly against Blue Nationalism and for the Nemesség. However the silence of the Országgyűlés and the presence of Blue Nationalist members helped boost Blue Nationalism's popularity. By the end of 1918 after the reorganization of the Csönge government, many of its political offices had been filled by Blue Nationalists, with the Nemesség losing several other representatives in the Népkormány. | |||
===Resolution 65-094=== | ===Resolution 65-094=== | ||
{{Main article|Resolution 65-094}} | {{Main article|Resolution 65-094}} | ||
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The Citizenry Uprising, (Hétumogerian: Állampolgári Felkelés) known also as the Hétumoger Civil War or the Blue Revolution was a civil war that lasted two years and six months. The war was fought between the pro-Nemesség Second Noble Republic and the Blue Nationalist Party and several radical elements within the country after the transition into the Second Noble Republic from the Third Kingdom. The insurrection of Blue Nationalists soon grew to a formal war effort that focused on eastern Hétumoger with an alliance of Blue Nationalist movements that revolted in Western Hétumoger. The war was viewed as mainly a class struggle as the sides were seen as polaric divisions, between the Nemesség and the Polgárság. The war ended in 1929 after the Congress of Nagymező, which established the sovereignty of the Citizens Republic of Hétumoger and the Third Noble Republic of Hétumoger.
In 1879, 4 years into the coronation of Zgismond Koháry II and the establishment of the Third Kingdom of Hétumoger, Zgismond and his administration attempted to reform the government in what is called the Rendszer-Helyreállítás. This resulted in the modernization attempts in the east that were underway in the First Noble Republic to be put on hold, reuslting in their inevitable failure. This also meant infrasturture projects to help transportation between the west and east of Hétumoger to suffer and fail alongside that. The ensuing failure created instability with the Kingdom and its rule by both the Polgárság and the Nemesség. Afterwards, the Néma Forradalom, began. A political movement against the monarchy marked by a growth in population and a rise in urbanization along with a new political ideology called Blue Nationalism. Originally thought of by the Blue Vanguards, Blue Nationalism saw a rise in popularity from the Polgárság as an anti-Nemesség party that would go against the rule of the Nemesség. In 1908, seeing the failure of his rule and the threat of both the Nemesség and Polgárság revolting against the Kingdom; Zgismond abdicated and called for the establishment of the Second Noble Republic. In 1910, the Second Noble Republic was formed with Zgismond as one of the members of the Országgyűlés. During the Provisional Government of Hétumoger, the 1909 Népkormány election was hosted alongside the 78th Appointment of Citizen Justice. The Blue Nationalist Party became the most popular party, and saw the Népkormány become dominated by the Polgárság.
After the 1909 election and the establishment of a Blue Nationalist majority in the Népkormány, the Blue Vanguards moved the majority of their base of operations from Nagymező to Komárom in Kisigmánd and established their headquarters there in 1915 which allowed them to commence the Democratic Bloc Merger, which unified their party with other Polgárság parties in the Népkormány. The discussion of this merger had been underway since 1912, but were formalized in 1915 as all non-Nemesség parties were merged with the Blue Nationalist Party. The Népkormány was now entirely dominated by the Polgárság. Lóránt Esterházy, the Primor Nemesség of the Országgyűlés engaged in a political stalement situation with the Népkormány, but ultimately continued to fail in preventing the Népkormány. In 1925, Resolution 65-094 was passed by the Népkormány, which enstated that the Veszprémic-Sió Rail Trust was to be nationalized as the National Railway Transport Committee.
Background
Prelude
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The beginning of the Citizenry Uprising is traced back to the Coronation of Zgismond II, who was an Először Nemesség of Koháry. Zgismond was crowned in 1875 in a referendum by the Országgyűlés, leading to the dissolvement of the government of the First Noble Republic of Hétumoger and the establishment of the Third Kingdom of Hétumoger. The referendum came as a political self-destruct, dissolving the Népkormány and removing justiciars from the High Citizens Court to be replaced with those appointed by Zgismond himself. Zgismond II began his reign with a Hétumoger on the brink of modernizing the eastern administrative districts and improving the economy, but with an unpopular view from the Polgárság. Zgismond II and his cabinet at the time were aligned as conservatives, being pro-Nemesség, Zgismond announced his intent to begin the Rendszer-Helyreállítás. The Rendszer-Helyreállítás was a reset on the initially Noble Republic government to replace them with pro-monarchist members, which mainly targeted public-sector workers that operated directly with the government. The Noble Department of Agriculture, Noble Department of Transportation, and the Noble Department of Development and Conservation were the most affected by the rollout of the Rendszer-Helyreállítás, with listed departments losing over 50% of their total workforce due to cutbacks on funding by Zgismond.
The rollout of the Rendszer-Helyreállítás proved to be disasterous for the modernization of the eastern districts and also caused problems with the local governments of urban centers. The failure to fund the Department of Agriculture and restore its staffing numbers to sufficient capacity caused the development of the eastern districts to suffer as their economies were focused on the production and upkeep of agriculture. Government-sponsered programs attempted to ease the damage caused by the Rendszer-Helyreállítás by establishing the Agricultural Development Administration, however most of these government-sponsered programs with a focus on agricultural were failures. The ADA became a failure as it could not meet its quota on agricultural development prospects. Alongside the modernization efforts ruined in eastern districts, the Department of Development recieved a major funding decrease which set back land development prospects that were initially approved by the First Noble Republic in western urban areas to improve overall living conditions. The Department of Development and Conservation was responsible for the management of federal land that belonged as resource areas or natural reserves according to Resolution 33-055. The cutting of funding also meant that many different workers and administrators were never recalled by their respective adminstration.
Néma Forradalom
Second Noble Republic
Hunyadi Civil Riots
The Hunyadi Civil Riots were a series of riots that were contained in the city of Hunyadi in Csönge that occurred from July 19 to November 28 in 1917. The main reason for the riots was outrage at Operation Noble Trident, a covert information operation that was carried out by the Committee on State Information on several professors and students that had affiliated themselves with the anti-Nemesség Blue Nationalist Party in Hunyadi. Operation Noble Trident was ended and considered a failure after the Murder of János Rákosi, the brother of András Rákosi. When news of the murder and the subsequent leaking of documents about Operation Noble Trident to local newsources, discontent in the local Polgárság rose. The first protests began in July 19 where students and residents gathered to protest against the Nemesség rule. Several local leaders from the Blue Nationalist Party were also present, most notably Dezső Pattantyús, who was at that time, the chairman of the Csönge Blue Nationalist Party.
The protests recieved little attention until the protesters broke into the Hunyadi Municipal Courthouse, where the local Csönge Rendőrség Department arrived and attempted to contain the situation. Armed with loaded .03 Puskák, the Rendőrség ended up firing on the protestors, known as the Hunyadi Courthouse Massacre. After the first killing, the Rendőrség continued to fire into the crowd until it was dispersed. Ending in 22 deaths and 86 injured protestors, alongside 195 arrests, the Courthouse Massacre is believed to be where the protesting turned into a riot. The Civil Riots would be marked by two other massacres that were committed against the protesting Polgárság, the Hunyadi University Massacre and Halmos's Massacre.
The protests ended in November 28 when the governer of Csönge, Ferenc Halmos, was arrested by the Noble Rendőrség and the Népkormány called for a reorganization of the Csönge government alongside local Hunyadi city government. The Civil Riots are considered to been one of the biggest blows done to the rule of the Nemesség throughout the Néma Forradalom. Before the Civil Riots, Csönge was strongly against Blue Nationalism and for the Nemesség. However the silence of the Országgyűlés and the presence of Blue Nationalist members helped boost Blue Nationalism's popularity. By the end of 1918 after the reorganization of the Csönge government, many of its political offices had been filled by Blue Nationalists, with the Nemesség losing several other representatives in the Népkormány.
Resolution 65-094
Kisigmánd Emergency
Kisigmánd (1927)
Government Occupation
Battle of Komárom
Ousting of Government forces
Nemesség Ousting
Oroszlány (1927)
Nationalist Campaign
Suffering major losses, Dávid Pataki and the Noble Army were forced to rout from Kisigmánd in late April of 1927. The overall initial strength of the Blue Nationalists and their ability to counter the offensive at Komárom allowed the Blue Nationalists to begin forming an organized structure of their army with the National Militia. From here, they hired Vilmos Mátyás to help lead the National Militia as the Marshal of the Militia. After the structuring of the National Militia with the help of Vilmos, plans were set out to begin an offensive in Oroszlány by the National Militia with help from local partisans and expected farmers and agrarians to come help the war effort in Oroszlány. The establishment of a Blue Nationalist government was also underway in Kisigmánd. István, Izidóra and Vilmos focused their efforts on planning the war effort while Magdolna and Edvárd focused on restructing the government.
Vilmosian Storm
Consolidation of Supplies
Vámosoroszi (1927-1928)
Nationalist Campaign
Nagyatád Revolt
Battle of Kaposvár
Operation Soaring Eagle
Rácmecske (1928)
Government Campaign
Important links: Second Militia Army Third Noble Army 17th Noble Cavalry Regiment Ninth Militia Artillery Regiment András Rákosi - Main polgárság resistence leader Dezső Kerekes - Lead general of the Rácmecske Militia Campaign. László Piros - General of the 17th Noble Cavalry Regiment
Koháry Peace Offer
Rácmecske Agricultural Revolt
The Rácmecske Agricultural Revolt was an armed insurrection that was initiated under the leadership of András Rákosi after the proposal of the Koháry Peace Offer. The Agricultural Revolt came after the Battle of Dunaújváros that had been stuck in a military stalemate. The Agricultural Revolt was given its name due to the fact that the majority of the polgárság resistence fighters within the revolt were made of farmers and farmhands. The Battle of Dunaújváros had cut off the Ninth Militia Artillery Regiment and the Ninth Militia Infantry Regiment away from the rest of the Second Militia Army.
Polgárság Uprising
Hegyhát (1928-1929)
Nationalist Campaign
Partisan Warfare
Government Intervention
Sió (1928-1929)
Nationalist Campaign
Sió Indigeneous Revolt
Government Breakdown
Stalemate at Csongrád
The Citizens Republic could not extend any more help concerning logistics and supplies with Sió and Hegyhát due to their enclaved positions. The Second Noble Republic's economy was failing drastically due to the amount of the industrial force drafted into the army and suffered from a lack of proper military equipment due to sabotage efforts by the National Militia.
Congress of Nagymező
The Congress of Nagymező was a two-week long diplomatic conference between representatives of the Noble Republic and the Citizens Republic, alongside Western Nationalist Government and both the Sió and Hegyhát nationalist governments after the military stalemate at Csongrád.