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Niamh Nic Uilliam
Nic Uilliam in 2001
Taoiseach of Caldia
In office 15 June 1992 – 17 March 2002
Monarch	Ellen II Elton II
Deputy	Conán Mac Donnchadh Séamus Ó Faoláin
Preceded by	Patricia Flowers
Succeeded by	Séamus Ó Faoláin
Leader of Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition
In office 21 June 1987 – 15 June 1992
Monarch	Ellen II
In office 14 April 1985 – 21 June 1987
Leader of the Social Democrats
In office 21 June 1987 – 4 August 2001
Member of the Euclean Parliament
In office 3 September 2004 – 15 July 2009
Teachta Comhthionól for Tóinderry-Adhmaburgh
Incumbent
Assumed office 12 June 1982 - 1 January 2004
Personal details
Born	Niamh Nic Uilliam (1949-02-27) 27 February 1949 Adhmaburgh, County Tóinderry, Caldia
Political party	Social Democrats
Spouse	Eilís Nic Cheallach (1973 - present)
Children	3 children

Niamh Nic Uilliam (born 27 February 1949) is a retired Caldish politician and served as the Taoiseach of Caldia from 1992 to 2002. She was the leader of the Caldish Social Democratic Party from 1987 until 2001. From 2004 until 2009 she was a member of the Euclean Parliament.

Nic Uilliam is remembered for reforms made to education, welfare, and the environment in addition to the 2001-2002 Caldish government crisis. She was the first taoiseach to be removed from the office by the Caldish monarch in the nation's history.

Early life

Nic Uilliam was born to a middle class family in Adhmaburgh, County Tóinderry. Her parents were Muirís Mac Uilliam, a secondary school teacher, and Deirbhile Nic Beathag, a university professor. She spent her childhood in her native Adhmaburgh where she attended school. Nic Uilliam studied at St Adomnán's University and received a degree in education. She then studied early childhood education at the University of Verlois and obtained a masters degree. While at university, she was involved in the Social Democratic Party's student union.

After university, she worked as a primary school teacher in County Tóinderry and became active within the Caldish Teachers' Union (AMG).

Political career

Member of the Comhthionól

She was first elected as a member of the Comhthionól Náisiúnta in 1982 for the Tóinderry-Adhmaburgh constituency. Her election was supported by the teachers' union and she worked closely with the AMG while in the Comhthionól.

Nic Uilliam supported education reform efforts that failed to materialize. She was a frequent critic of Patricia Flowers but also dissented from the PSD's leadership. This resulted in her reassignment from more influential committees to less important ones in 1983. However, she later became the party's spokesperson for education.

In 1985, Nic Uilliam became deputy leader of the Social Democrats with Fíona Nic Chonsaidín. After the PSD's defeat in the 1987 election, she was elected leader of the party. As party leader, she criticized the Flowers government for being too extreme in its support of economic liberalism and called for a more moderate approach. Her positions differed with the PSD's traditional support for socialism, which lost electoral support after the 1970s recession. She adopted moderate economic positions and supported what she described as "sensible socialism".

In the 1992 election, the Social Democrats' had their best electoral performance since 1935. The party won a 221 seats in the Comhthionól, a majority.

Taoiseach

Nic Uilliam was installed as taoiseach by a vote of the Comhthionól on 15 June 1992 and became the youngest person to hold the office at that time. She formed the first PSD majority government since 1967. Early hopes that her government would reverse much of the previous government's economic policy faded as Nic Uilliam's cabinet came from the PSD's right faction.

After coming to power, Nic Uilliam sought to reform the education system and continue to expand the economy. She favored free trade and opposed protectionism and supported targeted economic intervention. Her government also expanded public assistance programs, reversing cuts made by her predecessor. Nic Uilliam declined to raise the corporate tax rate or personal income tax rates. The shift in Caldia's economic development away from agriculture and industry was reflected in Nic Uilliam's education policy. The government worked to meet the demand for a highly-educated workforce resulting from Caldia's emerging knowledge-based economy.

Nic Uilliam supported the creation of the State Pension Fund in 1993 and later sponsored the creation of the State Investment Fund in 1995. During her second term, she worked to create the third state sovereign wealth fund: the State Expenditure Fund.

Throughout her tenure she supported deeper integration of the Euclean Community and her government implemented policies that kept Caldia on track for membership in the euclozone. Nic Uilliam also supported the establishment of free trade agreements between the EC and aligned economies.

Her support economic liberalism resulted in party infighting within the PSD. In the run up to the 1997 election, a splinter group formed the Industrial Labour Party.

She led the Social Democrats into the 1997 election and was re-elected. Her party lost its majority and initially Nic Uilliam struggled to secure majority support for her government. In July 1997, a coalition agreement was reached with the Green Party. The Centre Party agreed to support the government's installment and budget proposals, allowing Nic Uilliam to form a second government. Her second term failed to materialize in significant legislation. Environmental protection laws were strengthened in 1998 and expanded again 2001. However, Nic Uilliam failed to pass much of her desired agenda. Her popularity began to wane and the PSD lost support in opinion polls and local elections.

In August 2001, she was replaced as party leader by Séamus Ó Faoláin, her deputy. However, Nic Uilliam refused to step down as taoiseach. This triggered a political crisis that would last until she was eventually removed by the office. Both Nic Uillian and Ó Faoláin sought the mediation of Caldia's long-serving monarch, Ellen II. Her abdication in February 2002 further complicated the unresolved government crisis. Her successor, Elton II, had little political experience. Ó Faoláin and the PSD's senior leadership lobbied the monarch to dismiss Ni Uilliam as Taoiseach and appoint Ó Faoláin. Nic Uillian was removed from her office by the monarch on 17 March 2002. This resulted in significant controversy. It quickly became an issue for the 2002 general election, which the PSD later went on to lose.

Nic Uilliam continued to server in the Comhthionól until she resigned in January 2004.