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{{Infobox dependency
{{Infobox political division
| name=Mava
| name               = Mava
| native_name={{nobold|''Maava''}} ([[Mavean language|Mavean]])<br>{{nobold|''Mava''}} ({{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}})
| native_name         = <small>Maava</small>
| settlement_type= Autonomous territorial area of [[Atitlan]]
| native_name_lang    =  
| official_name=Autonomous Territorial Area of the Mava Islands<br />{{nobold|Maava Tokukmuuliku Iqutmuulikkiikait ([[Mavean language|Mavean]])}}<br />{{nobold|Área Territorial Autónoma de las Islas Mavanas ({{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}})}}
| other_name          = Mava Islands
| image_flag = Flag of Mava.png
| settlement_type    = Sui generis territory
| image_skyline      =
| image_size          =
| image_alt          =
| image_caption      =
| image_flag         =Flag of Mava.png  
| flag_size = 120
| flag_size = 120
| flag_link = Flag and coat of arms of Mava
| flag_link = Flag and emblem of Mava
| image_seal = Coat of Arms of Mava.png
| image_seal = Emblem of Mava.png
| seal_size = 90
| seal_size = 90
| seal_type = Coat of arms
| seal_type = Emblem
| seal_link = Flag and coat of arms of Mava
| seal_link = Flag and emblem of Mava
| named_for=Mava plant
| image_shield        =
| motto=''Kuia Lowka kile pauvasatkawulaqkika kuia uuqimaktuujk''<br>(Anglish: "God and my right I shall defend")
| shield_size        =
| anthem=''Maava MulatkiImiik''<br>(Anglish: Anthem of Mava)
| shield_alt          =
| image_map = File:Mava on the Globe.png
| shield_link        =
| map_caption = Map showing location of Mava (circled)
| image_blank_emblem  =
| mapsize = 255px
| blank_emblem_size  =
| coordinates =
| blank_emblem_alt    =
| subdivision_type               = Country
| blank_emblem_type  =
| subdivision_name               = {{flagicon image|Flag of Atitlán.png}} [[Atitlan]]
| blank_emblem_link  =
| established_title=Settlement
| etymology          =
| established_date=9th century
| nickname            =  
| established_title2=Annexation
| motto               =  
| established_date2=13 July 1836
| anthem             = ''Maava Mulatkiimiik''<br><small>"Anthem of Mava"</small>
| established_title3=First organic act
| song                =
| established_date3=1 September 1972
| image_map = File:Triania-Mava.png
| established_title4=Second organic act
| map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=circled|country=Mava|region=Triania|region_color=dark green}}
| established_date4=1 March 2009
| mapsize = 270px
| official_languages={{hlist|[[Mavean language|Mavean]]|{{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}}}}
| coordinates         =  
| demonym=''Maavamuqtun'' (Anglish: Mavean)
| subdivision_type   = Country
| capital_type=Capital
| subdivision_name   = {{flagicon image|Flag of Atitlán.png}} [[Atitlan]]
| capital = [[Paas]]
| established_title   = Settlement
| largest_settlement = capital
| established_date   = 9th century
| largest_settlement_type = largest settlement
| established_title2 = Annexation
| government_type=Autonomous territorial area
| established_date2   = 13 July 1836
| leader_title1 = Head of State
| established_title3 = Current status
| leader_name1 = Macuilxochitzin
| established_date3   = 1 March 1961
| leader_title2 = [[Governor of Mava|Governor]]
| extinct_title      =
| leader_name2 = Tomas Rabellino
| extinct_date        =
| leader_title3 = Administrator
| founder            =
| leader_name3 = Asamak Umaakasarmuk
| named_for          =
| leader_title4 = [[List of leaders of Mava|Leader]]
| capital            = Paas
| leader_name4 = [[Kausaanek Malaati]]
| largest_settlement  =  
| leader_title5 = Chief Judge
| official_languages = {{hlist|[[Mavean language|Mavean]]|{{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}}}}
| leader_name5 = Eduardo Torres
| ethnic_groups      =
| legislature=[[Mava Council]]
| religion            =
| area_km2 = 1,734
| demonym             = Mavean<br>''Mavanik'' (mv)<br>''Mavés'' (al)
| area_rank = not ranked
| government_type     = Devolved locally-administered unincorporated area within a constitutional monarchy
| area_sq_mi = 18.1
| leader_title1       = Monarch
| leader_name1       = Macuilxochitzin
| leader_title2       = Representative of the Government
| leader_name2       = Jose Miguel Artigas
| leader_title3       = [[List of leaders of Mava|Leader of the Council]]
| leader_name3        = [[Kausaanek Malaati]]
| leader_title4      =  
| leader_name4        =  
| legislature         = [[Mava Council]]
| upper_house        =
| lower_house        =
| national_representation =
| national_representation_type1 =
| national_representation1 =
| national_representation_type2 =
| national_representation2 =
| area_km2           = 1,734
| area_rank           = not ranked
| area_sq_mi         =
| percent_water      =
| elevation_footnotes =  
| elevation_max_m=1345
| elevation_max_m=1345
| elevation_max_point=Mount Yaklowkaigup
| population_total =  
| elevation_min_m=0
| population_as_of =
| elevation_min_point=Sarosan Ocean
| population_footnotes =  
| population_estimate = 2,713
| population_estimate = 4,713
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_census  =
| population_estimate_rank = last
| population_estimate_year = 2022
| population_estimate_rank =  
| population_census_year =
| population_density_km2 = 1
| population_density_km2 = 1
| population_density_sq_mi = 2.59
| population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Do not remove as per WP:MOSNUM -->
| population_density_rank = not ranked
| population_density_rank =  
| GDP_PPP_rank =  
| GVA                = <!-- GVA is UK specific -->
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =  
| GVA_year            =
| GVA_rank            =
| GVA_per_capita      =
| GVA_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_PPP            =
| GDP_PPP_year        =
| GDP_PPP_rank       =  
| GDP_PPP_per_capita =  
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
| GDP_nominal = $5.046 million
| GDP_nominal         = $75.261 million
| GDP_nominal_year = 2005
| GDP_nominal_year   = not ranked
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,860
| GDP_nominal_rank    =  
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $15,969
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = not ranked
| Gini                =
| Gini_year          =
| Gini_change        = <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| Gini_ref            =
| HDI                = <!-- number only -->
| HDI_year            = <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change          = <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| HDI_ref            =
| HDI_rank            =
| currency=Atitlanese peso ($){{efn|The [[Mava peso]] is a local issue of the Atitlanese peso issued for collectors rather than for circulation.}}
| currency=Atitlanese peso ($){{efn|The [[Mava peso]] is a local issue of the Atitlanese peso issued for collectors rather than for circulation.}}
| currency_code=ATP
| currency_code=ATP
| utc_offset = -09:00
| timezone            = UTC-09:00
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
| utc_offset          =
| drives_on=right
| date_format         = dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
| drives_on = right
| electricity        =  
| calling_code = +910
| drives_on           =  
| postal_code_type = Atitlanese postcode
| calling_code       = +910
| postal_code = 6000XXX
| iso_code            = {{hlist|MV|AT-MV}}
| iso_code = MV
| postal_code         =  
| cctld = .mv
| cctld               = .mv, .at
| website ={{URL|https://maava.mv}}
| website             =  
| blank7_name_sec1=Usual abbreviation
| footnotes          =  
| blank7_info_sec1=MVA
| embed              =  
| cctld = [[.mv]], [[.at]]
}}
}}
'''Mava'''{{efn|[[Mavean language|Mavean]]: ''Maava''; {{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}}: ''Mava''}}, officially called the '''Autonomous Territorial Area of the Mava Islands'''{{efn|Mavean: ''Maava Tokukmuuliku Iqutmuulikkiikait''; Almagrian: ''Área Territorial Autónoma de las Islas Mavanas''}}, is an archipelago in the Sarosan Ocean. Composed principally of three main islands, of which only the largest is ocupied, the entire territory consists of around 1,700 sq km of territory in the western islands of [[Triania]]. Formally an unincorporated territorial area of [[Atitlan]], Mava has a significant degree of internal self-governance, with Atitlan responsible for defence, foreign affairs, and supplies of important goods and services. The capital and only major settlement is Paas on the island of Mava.
'''Mava'''{{efn|[[Mavean language|Mavean]]: ''Maava''; {{wp|Spanish language|Almagrian}}: ''Mava''}}, officially the '''Mava Islands'''{{efn|Mavean: ''Maava Tokukmuuliku''}}, is an archipelago in the Sarosan Ocean. Composed principally of three main islands, of which only the largest is ocupied, the entire territory consists of around 1,700 sq km of territory in the western islands of [[Triania]]. Formally an unincorporated territorial area of [[Atitlan]], Mava has a significant degree of internal self-governance, with its status governed by statute and by international agreements relating to mining and commerce. The capital and only major settlement is Paas on the island of Mava.


Settlers from continental Triania first arrived on the islands in the 9th century. Colonial contact with the islands occured in the 1820s, with the islands coming under Atitlanese rule in 1836 after a number of expeditions earlier in the decade. The islands served primarily as a naval station, giving Atitlan a greater presence in the Sarosan Ocean and a place in Triania, with little direct contact between Atitlan and Mavean peoples. Beginning in the 1910s, the process of establishing a civil government began, with a number of Catholic schools established to spread the faith and the Almagrian language. The declining power of the Atitlanese empire, culminating in its dissolution in 1946.
Settlers from continental Triania first arrived on the islands in the 9th century. Colonial contact with the islands occured in the 1820s, with the islands coming under Atitlanese rule in 1836 after a number of expeditions earlier in the decade. The islands served primarily as a naval station, giving Atitlan a greater presence in the Sarosan Ocean and a place in Triania, with little direct contact between Atitlan and Mavean peoples. Beginning in the 1920s, the island has possessed self-government. In 1929, the Mava Islands Council assumed some limited powers, significantly expanded in 1960. Due to the discovery of minerals and oils on the islands and in its territorial waters, Mava is governed as a pseudo-international territory, with the majority of Atitlanese laws not extending to it and the local government maintaining little regulation on migration.


Beginning in the 1950s following the Atitlanese Civil War, the governing authorities on the island have increasingly devolved political power to native Maveans. In 1972, the island was formally declared an autonomous territory with its own independent organs of self-government. In 2009, a constitution was finally given to the islands, formally establishing the territory as an unincorporated territorial area and defining the relationship between Maveans and Atitlan proper. The population, which is concentrated mainly on the northern coast of Mava Island, remains under-developed, with limited access to basic services. With an estimated population of 2,713 and a per capita income of $1,860, it is one of the least populated and poorest territories in the world.
Mava is a self-governing parliamentary democracy. [[Mava Council]] functions as its parliament, located in the capital Paas. The [[List of leaders of Mava|Leader of the Council]] serves as head of government and is appointed by the council. The population, which is concentrated mainly on the northern coast of Mava Island, consists of mostly settlers, many of whom only reside during certain times of the year, with only 40 percent being indigenous Mavean. Although per capita income is around $15,000, there are sharp economic disparities between settlers and native Maveans.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Maava'' is a Mavean word which means "place of snow," referring to the islands' arctic conditions. This is the island's official name in Mavean; Atitlanese (and other languages) render the word as "Mava."


==History==
==History==
===Early outside interactions===
===Self rule and modern history===
===The Eguilondo Kingdom===
Beginning in the 1920s, proposals were presented for a form of self-government for the Mava Islands. Initial proposals were for Mava to be formally incorporated into Atitlan as a municipality, with its own municipal government and mayor. However, concerns over the rights of native Maveans should Mava become a part of Atitlan proper prompted new proposals maintaining separation between colony and mother nation. In 1928, the Law on the Government of Mava 1928 allowed for the creation of a local island council to govern in matters delegated to it.
In July 1867, Ibarmentudiak adventurer and convicted fraudster Otaño Eguilondo arrived in Mava, after having read a number of books on the Antarctic. He had been inspired by stories of travellers creating new societies in newly-discovered lands, and mistakenly believed that the population of Mava was little more than a few hundred. He landed at the modern settlement of Kaá'i in late July and immediately made contact with the local people. Initially surprised at the larger population than previously believed, he quickly ingratiated himself into the local community, using his talent for deceit to establish some influence. He claimed that he was a member of the deposed Aguirregoitiafelipenas dynasty, taking advantage of the Mavean custom of affording reverence to persons of a higher class, irrespective of their background. By 1870, he had fully adopted a Mavean identity, taking the name Kasaak Tanaana and marrying a local woman, who died shortly after the birth of his first child.


In 1875, he was elected leader of Mava, the largest and most populous of the Mavean islands. His election was bolstered by repeated claims of royal ancestry as well as claims of a planned Ibarmentudiak invasion, which he pledged he could avert. In 1878, he proclaimed himself King of Mava on grounds of being the class equal of any potential coloniser. He took the name Káakaia II, claiming "spiritual decent" from the semi-mythical chief Kaakaia, who is believed to have ruled in the seventeenth century, and issued a number of decrees establishing a new nobility and political system based on his homeland. Shortly after his accession, he married Naakala Kingup, the daughter of the previous ruler, thus further cementing his claim to leadership.
In 1929, the Mava Islands Council was formally established. During this time, Atitlan maintained a strong military presence and resisted calls for the transfer of more power to the local authorities. Policies of cultural assimilation and the promotion of the Almagrian language continued unfettered, with many political figures criticising the council for being only a front for continuing colonial government. Nontheless, the council persued a policy of promoting Mavean culture and raising Mavean ethnic consciousness, which only increased calls for more autonomy.


The Atitlanese authorities were alerted to his presence and promptly deported him, forcing him to write an official letter renouncing his claimed title and admitting to the falsehoods he had spread. Until the 1980s, there remained a substantial number of people who recognised Eguilondo and his descendants as legitimate rulers of the island. In 1987, papers were released in Ibarmentudia confirming his stories to be fabrications, undermining his reputation.
In the 1940s, the discovery of polymetallic nodules in Mavean territorial waters. The mining of nickel and copper drew in much-needed revenue in Mava drew international attention onto the islands. Atitlanese attempts to monopolise access alienated native Maveans, who believed it to be exploition, and the international community alike. By the 1950s, Atitlan faced significant pressure to open up Mava to the outside world; in 1959, an agreement between the Atitlanese government and the governments of '''''[INSERT HERE]''''' provided for the revision of Mava's status. In 1960, a new law greatly increased the council's powers and granted rights to international commercial interests in the islands, on the basis of recognised Atitlanese sovereignty and other economic concessions.


===Self-government and modern history===
In 1961, the The Mava Organic Act provided a constitution for the islands, formalising its status as a unique territorial entity under Atitlanese sovereignty. The renamed Mava Council assumed full legislative independence in nearly all areas and in some foreign policy areas. The act also guaranteed Atitlanese rights to benefits certain economic resources, subject to international negotiations.  
As the Atitlanese Empire entered into sustained decline, independence was explored for most colonies. Mava, because of its small population and relative underdevelopment was never seriously considered for this. However, there were discussions about providing a measure of self-government, but these were undermined by a lack of political support and continued economic stagnation.


Beginning in the 1910s, realising that Mava would likely remain under Atitlanese sovereignty for the foreseable future, the Atitlanese government promoted a policy of Catholicisation and Atitlanisation. Catholic missionaries set up a number of schools instilling Catholic faith and promoting the Almagrian language. Although attempts to spread the faith were successful, partly because of its deliberate comparisons to native religions, the teaching of Almagrian was resented by the indigenous population. In the 1930s, this policy was silently dropped, although it wasn't until the 1960s that the Atitlanese government formally renounced it.
By the 1970s, mining became the predominant economic sector. Demographic change, prompted by the migration of speculators and commercial businesss, reduced the Maveans to a minority by the mid-1980s, dropping to 49.5% in the 1984 census, 45.2% in the 1989 census, and 37.1% in the 1994 census. Only in the 2014 census did native Maveans constitute over 40% of the population once again.
 
Following the Atitlanese Civil War, a renewed interest in Mavean self-government resulted in the creation of an advisory Mava Council in 1956. This body had no political power and its members were unpaid. In 1964, the Council were given some limited powers over culture and education, and from 1967 its members were paid. A final step was the election of the body, with the first being held in 1970. Finally, in 1972, the islands were given autonomy under the Mava Statute, with the Mava Council given formal legislative powers in a wider range of policy areas.
 
In the 1960s and 1970s, Mava enjoyed continued social and economic development, with per capita income increasing by around 4 percent year on year. Through an increase in revenue from fishing and mining, the government was able to expand public services to the point that Maveans became amongst the richest in the world. However, the decline in revenue from the early 1980s resulted in a significant drop in living standards, with cuts in government services resulting in a rise in poverty, illness, and crime.
 
Beginning in 1987, the discovery of polymetallic nodules in Mavean territorial waters provided for a sudden economic boost. The mining of nickel and copper drew in much-needed revenue, enabling the government to invest in social programs and begin the process of diversifying the economy, although this has only seen minimal success.
 
The twenty-first century has seen a modest level of social and economic development, with a steady growth in per capita income and a moderate expansion in individual rights as traditional values recede. In 2002, new divorce laws removed the need for a special Act of the Council terminating a marriage, with a limited liberalisation in abortion laws following in 2009.
 
In 2009, the Mava Constitution entered into force, establishing the islands under their current political regime.


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Mava Köppen.png|thumb|right|370px|Köppen climate types in Mava]]
[[File:Mava Köppen.png|thumb|right|370px|Köppen climate types in Mava]]
The country comprises two main islands, Great Mava and Little Mava, which are separated by the Mava Strait, and the smaller Taak. Great Mava is the largest of the island (1386 km<sup>2</sup>), followed by Little Mava (305 km<sup>2</sup>) and Taak (44 km<sup>2</sup>). Together, these islands and the surrounding rocks and islets make up the Mava Islands, for which the country is named. The two larger islands are characterised by their long east-to-west coastlines, with Mava being approximately 77 km long and 18 km wide. Little Mava is 11 km long and 4 km wide. The smallest of the main islands, Taak, is approximately 15 km long and 3 km wide.
The country comprises two main islands, Maava Illit (lit. "Great/Big Mava) and Maava Liteki (lit. "Little Mava"), which are separated by the Mava Strait, and the smaller Taak. Maava Illit is the largest of the island (1386 km<sup>2</sup>), followed by Maava Liteki (305 km<sup>2</sup>) and Taak (44 km<sup>2</sup>). Together, these islands and the surrounding rocks and islets make up the Mava Islands, for which the country is named. The two larger islands are characterised by their long east-to-west coastlines, with Mava being approximately 77 km long and 18 km wide. Maava Liteki is 11 km long and 4 km wide. The smallest of the main islands, Taak, is approximately 15 km long and 3 km wide.


Approximately 30 percent of Mava is covered in Magellanic subpolar forests, mostly in the south. The forests are home to a variety of flora. The southern beech (Nothofagus) is a common tree across the Mava islands. Because of the mostly untouched nature of many of these forests, a variety of animals have successfully established habitats. Amongst Mava's fauna include the southern river otter, the Magellanic woodpecker, the Trianian sierra-finch, and the Trianian condor.
Approximately 30 percent of Mava is covered in Magellanic subpolar forests, mostly in the south. The forests are home to a variety of flora. The southern beech (Nothofagus) is a common tree across the Mava islands. Because of the mostly untouched nature of many of these forests, a variety of animals have successfully established habitats. Amongst Mava's fauna include the Magellanic woodpecker, the Trianian sierra-finch, and the Trianian condor.


===Climate===
===Climate===
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==Government and politics==
==Government and politics==
{{main|Politics of Mava}}
{{main|Politics of Mava}}
Mava is a self-governing territory. Under its 2009 Constitution, the islands are classified as an "unincorporated territorial area of the jurisdiction of the Federal Government of the Democratic Republic of Atitlan" with full internal self-governance. Atitlan remains formally responsible for foreign affairs, defence, and good government. Under this system, Mava is not a part of Atitlan, being classified in international law as a "territory for which the Democratic Republic of Atitlan is responsible." Maveans are also not Atitlan citizens, classified instead as Atitlanese nationals. They possess Atitlanese passports, albeit with certain limitations on their use, but may not live and work unrestricted in Atitlan proper.
[[File:Debating chamber of Mava Council.png|thumb|left|250px|The debating chamber of Mava Council]]
The Tlatoani of Atitlan is designated as Mava's head of state, with executive authority exercised in his/her name by an appointed non-resident [[Governor of Mava|Governor]]. A local government deals with matters provided for in the constitution, overseen by a resident Administrator appointed as a deputy governor. The Administrator (or Governor when in residence) acts on the advice of the Executive Council for Mava, an advisory body composed of members of the cabinet, the Chairman of the Council, and a number of other public officials.


The [[Mava Council]] (Mavean: ''Maava Taapiit'') is the territory's unicameral legislature, consisting of sixteen members. Eight members are elected every four years via the block vote system in one single at-large constituency. All politicians in Mava are independent and no parties exist nor have ever existed. Members of the Mava Council are required to give up all non-essential business interests and are paid for their council work as a full-time occupation.
=== National government ===
Mava’s government is determined through a patchwork of different laws, reflecting the islands’ population and geography and their development from colony to self-governing democracy. Under the 1961 Law on the Status of the Mava Islands (Almagrian: ''Ley sobre el estatuto de las Islas Mava;'' LSEM), the islands are not a part of the Kingdom of Atitlan and are consequently not represented in its parliament. However, the Atitlanese government has sovereignty over and responsibility for the islands.


The islands' judicial system operates on the basis of civil law, derived from Atitlan. The Mava Organic Act provides for certain fundamental laws that bind the islands' government. Because of its small population, the majority of serious criminal cases are heard in Atitlan. The Court of Mava is the sole court on the island, headed by a chairman (the Chief Judge of Mava) who presides with four lay judges. The Court of Mava has unlimited original jurisdiction in civil matters, and limited jurisdiction in criminal matters, hearing only those matters not selected for hearing in Atitlan proper. Law enforcement is the responsibility of the Mava Police, although the Atitlanese Federal Police provide additional support when requested and help to train and maintain local policing units.
Previously, the office of governor existed in the islands, which was appointed by the imperial government rather than popularly elected. However, in 1961 the LSEM abolished this office and replaced it with a Representative of the Government (Almagrian: ''Representante del Gobierno''), who acts only to supervise and oversee Mava's government rather than take an active role in it.


===Military===
=== Local government ===
Mava has no standing army, with its defence the responsibility of Atitlan. An Atitlanese military garrison is stationed on the islands, with a main base near Paas and another on the island of Makii, the second largest in the archipelago. The Commander of Atitlanese Forces in Mava may sit as a speaking, non-voting member of the Council. The Atitlanese Federal Coast Guard maintains a small station in Mava, with a rotating staff.
The Mava Organic Act provides for the islands’ self-government. The act establishes a number of government bodies. These are [[Mava Council]] (Mavean: ''Taapiit Maava''), the [[List of leaders of Mava|Leader of Mava Council]], and the Cabinet Committee of Mava Council. The council is a 16-member body, its members elected through universal suffrage every 3 years. Its members are called councillors (Mavean: ''Taapiitaat'').
 
The council is granted many of the “powers, duties and liabilities” of both a state congress and a municipal council, but does not enjoy the right of initiative for primary legislation. Instead, the council enacts secondary legislation (known as ordinances) that are subject to imperial and certain state laws.
 
The Leader of Mava Council combines the role of Governor, legislative speaker, and head of government. Unlike state governors, council leaders are not directly elected by the electorate. Following an election, the council nominates a member (usually the councillor who received the most votes) to lead its deliberations and form a cabinet. The council then either approves or rejects the cabinet (including leader) by an absolute majority. In case of a motion of no confidence, the whole cabinet is removed from office and the council must nominate a new leader.
 
Mava’s judiciary is closely integrated with that of Atitlan. Unlike states, Mava does not operate its own system of courts and tribunals, instead falling under the jurisdiction of the High Court of Atlalilico. Locally appointed magistrates operate a magistrates’ bench that hears most cases; more serious crimes require a judge of the high court to travel to Mava or, for the most serious offences, to hear the case in Atlalilico.


===Administrative divisions===
===Administrative divisions===
The island of Great Mava is the only permanently inhabited island. Paas, the territory's capital, is the only major urban area where the vast majority of the 2,700 people live. Consequently, there are only two formal administrative divisions: Inner (''Itiqip'') and Outer (''Mtakip''). Inner consists of Pass and the immediate rural areas surrounding it. Mtakip consists of the remainder of Mava Island and the other islands of the archipelago. Because of the small and concentrated population, there is no provision for local government.
The island of Maava Ilit is the only permanently inhabited island and hosts the islands' capital, Paas. Consequently, there are only two administrative divisions:
 
* Itiqip ("Inner") - Paas and the towns of Uupimak, Kekaalupitakitataat, and Siagakutiiluk.
* M'takip ("Outer") - the rest of Maava Illit along with Maava Liteki, and Taak.
 
Because of the small and concentrated population, there is no provision for local government, with the Torrente Development Council abolished on the creation of Mava Council in 1929.


==Economy==
==Economy==
The Mavean economy is described as "small, unmixed, and vulnerable," with a high dependence on fishing. Cod and salmon are important trading commodities and is the main employment for islanders and the single largest source of income. Because of this dependence, the economy is considered particularly vulnerable to changes in climate as well as competition from other nations, resulting in a comparatively per capita GDP of 9,120. The largest single employer is ''Ikaamaayakii Siagakakak'' (National Fishing Company), which is a state-owned industry and employs between 25 and 35 percent of the country's working population.  
The economy of Mava is driven primarily by mining, oil, gas, and  mineral exploration, as well as arts, crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, research, and education. Prior to the discovery of oil, the economy was "small, unmixed, and vulnerable." Today, the economy remains unmixed and is heavily dependent on mining. Polymetallic nodules are present in Mava's territorial waters, with the mining of nickel, copper, and molybdenum providing an important boost to the economy from the 1940s. Recent attempts have been made to phase out mining as a source of national income and to create a maritime reserve. The Mavean government committed to pursuing a path towards reducing its dependency on mining, although little progress has been made.


Mining also constitutes an important part of the economy. Polymetallic nodules are present in Mava's territorial waters, with the mining of nickel, copper, and molybdenum providing an important boost to the economy from the 1980s. Recent attempts have been made to phase out mining as a source of national income and to create a maritime reserve. The Mavean government committed to pursuing a path towards reducing its dependency on mining, although little progress has been made.
Cod and salmon are important trading commodities among the native population and is their main employment and single largest source of income. Because of this dependence, the native economy is considered particularly vulnerable to changes in climate as well as competition from other nations. The largest single employer is ''Ikaamaayakii Siagakakak'' (National Fishing Company), which is a government-owned industry and employs between 25 and 35 percent of the native working population.  


Other important industries include finance and business (10.7%), housing (8.1%), and hospitality (5.3%).
Other important industries include finance and business (10.7%), housing (8.1%), and hospitality (5.3%).
Line 268: Line 310:


===Transport===
===Transport===
[[File:The Resolute Bay Airport.jpg|Kuraava Tanigak Airport|thumb|right|250px|Kuraava Tanigak Airport]]
[[File:The Resolute Bay Airport.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Paas International Airport]]
There are two airports that provide air transport between Mava and other nations: The Kuraava Tanigak International Airport and the Paas International Airport, both located in the capital city Paas. The two airports cater to international flights, the latter focussing on destinations in mainland Triania. There is also bat traffic that links Mava with continental Triania. Roads are largely concentrated in the north of Mava Island, where the majority of settlements are based and where the land is generally flatter. Roads generally link urban areas, with few country roads due to the lack of countryside activities and hostile climate. The island of Tokuksiagak has one main road that links the town of Aripmek to the harbour.
There is one airport that provides air transport between Mava and other nations: Paas International Airport. The two airports cater to international flights, the latter focussing on destinations in mainland Triania. There is also bat traffic that links Mava with continental Triania. Roads are largely concentrated in the north of Mava Island, where the majority of settlements are based and where the land is generally flatter. Roads generally link urban areas, with few country roads due to the lack of countryside activities and hostile climate. The island of Tokuksiagak has one main road that links the town of Aripmek to the harbour.


Beginning in the 1950s, a number of roads have been constructed in the south of Mava Island, with the Mava Ring Road following the coastline along the north, east, and south of the island.
Beginning in the 1950s, a number of roads have been constructed in the south of Mava Island, with the Mava Ring Road following the coastline along the north, east, and south of the island.
Line 279: Line 321:


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Mava has a population of 2,713 (2021 estimate), up from 2,529 according to the 2011 census. The vast majority are ethnic Mavean or part-ethnic Mavean. Almost 95 percent of residents are indigenous Maveans, with another 3 percent being mixed-Mavean (i.e., being of part-Mavean background). Under laws dating back to the 1880s that still remain in force, a person may claim to be an ethnic Mavean if at least five pairs of their eight great-grandparents are Mavean.
Mava has a population of 4,713 (2021 estimate), up from 4,529 according to the 2011 census. The majority are classified as "settler or settler-descendant," with 61.6% of the population being ethnic Mavean. Under laws dating back to the 1930s that still remain in force, a person may claim to be an ethnic Mavean if at least five pairs of their eight great-grandparents are Mavean.
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
| caption = Ethnic groups (2016)
| caption = Ethnic groups (2016)
| other =  
| other =  
| label1 = Mavean
| label1 = Mavean
| value1 = 94.3
| value1 = 61.6
| color1 = blue
| color1 = darkred
| label2 = Part-Mavean
| label2 = Atitlanese
| value2 = 3.1
| value2 = 15.4
| color2 = lightblue
| color2 = wheat
| label3 = Atitlanese/Visible minority
| label3 = Gavirians
| value3 = 2.1
| value3 = 10.3
| color3 = yellow
| color3 = #ccf
| label4 = Other
| label4 = Tsaborite
| value4 = 0.5
| value4 = 6.7
| color4 = black
| color4 = goldenrod
| label5 = Musashi
| value5 = 2.1
| color5 = #8e91d6
| label6 = Salmurian
| value6 = 0.7
| color6 = #2b864e
}}
}}
The majority of mixed-race Maveans claim some descent from the Atitlanese population resident on the island during colonial rule, although a small number claim ancestry from other Trianian people.
Ethnic Atitlanese constitute the largest non-Mavean group, mostly descending from colonial-era settlers. Gavirians represent the second-largest group, with 10.3% of the population descending part or full Gavirian ancestry. Tsaborites represent the third-largest group (6.7%).


The population has remained stable for most of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. However, economic stagnation in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in many Maveans migrating to Atitlan proper (approximately 200 doing so). The economic growth arising in the late 1980s and 1990s as a consequence of oil in Mavean waters led to many émigrés returning.  
The population has remained stable for most of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. However, limited prospects and educational opportunities have resulted in many Maveans migrating to Atitlan proper (approximately 200 doing so in 2011-15).


===Languages===
===Languages===
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{{bar percent|None|red|1}}
{{bar percent|None|red|1}}
}}
}}
The predominant religion in Mava is Christianity, with the vast majority of practitioners (82 percent) being Roman Catholic. Roman Catholicism was introduced by Atitlanese colonists in the nineteenth century, and promoted amongst the indigenous population by missionaries. A small number of Protestant groups also exist on the islands, believed to have emerged out of Protestant émigrés escaping persecution. The majority of Protestants - mostly belonging to a uniting church - live in Paas, where the only Protestant churches are located. A small number of other Protestant denominations and Christian groups are also present on the islands, although they exist in small numbers and, in some cases, overlap with Catholic and major Protestant theologies.
The predominant religion in Mava is Christianity, with the majority of practitioners (52 percent) being Roman Catholic. Roman Catholicism was introduced by Atitlanese colonists in the nineteenth century, and promoted amongst the indigenous population by missionaries. Today, indigenous and settlers are mostly Catholic, which has aided in encouraging dialogue between the two groups.
 
A number of Protestant and other Christian groups (including Orthodox) groups also exist on the islands, believed to have emerged out of Protestant émigrés escaping persecution, and which have since been added to by commercial and other forms of immigration. The majority of Protestants belong to a uniting church.


===Education===
===Education===
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===Media===
===Media===
Mava Council's Communities and Families Services is responsible for overseeing and regulating media and broadcasting. There are two newspapers circulating on the island: ''Maava Maawk Naaruamgukip'' (Mava Weekly Mail), which is published every Sunday, and the ''Kiiyiptuumilik Tuumilikip''(Swift Flash). Television, radio, and internet media services are provided by Atitlanese providers.
Mava Council's communities department is responsible for overseeing and regulating media and broadcasting. There are two newspapers circulating on the island: ''Uujutajap Paas Kamaqjuukutnik'' (Kamaqjuukut's Paas Newspaper), which is published daily, and ''Kiiyiptuumilik Tuumilikip'' (Swift Flash), published weekly. Television, radio, and internet media services are provided by Atitlanese providers.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Politics of Mava]]
* [[Politics of Mava]]
* Culture of Mava
* [[Law enforcement in Mava]]


==Notes==
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 18:29, 6 May 2024

Mava
Maava
Mava Islands
Sui generis territory
Flag of Mava
Flag
Official seal of Mava
Emblem
Anthem: Maava Mulatkiimiik
"Anthem of Mava"
Location of  Mava  (circled) in Triania  (dark green)
Location of  Mava  (circled)

in Triania  (dark green)

Country Atitlan
Settlement9th century
Annexation13 July 1836
Current status1 March 1961
CapitalPaas
Official languages
Demonym(s)Mavean
Mavanik (mv)
Mavés (al)
GovernmentDevolved locally-administered unincorporated area within a constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Macuilxochitzin
• Representative of the Government
Jose Miguel Artigas
Kausaanek Malaati
LegislatureMava Council
Area
• Total
1,734 km2 (670 sq mi) (not ranked)
Highest elevation
1,345 m (4,413 ft)
Population
• 2022 estimate
4,713
• Density
1/km2 (2.6/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)not ranked estimate
• Total
$75.261 million
• Per capita
$15,969 (not ranked)
CurrencyAtitlanese peso ($)[a] (ATP)
Time zoneUTC-09:00
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Calling code+910
ISO 3166 code
  • MV
  • AT-MV
Internet TLD.mv, .at

Mava[b], officially the Mava Islands[c], is an archipelago in the Sarosan Ocean. Composed principally of three main islands, of which only the largest is ocupied, the entire territory consists of around 1,700 sq km of territory in the western islands of Triania. Formally an unincorporated territorial area of Atitlan, Mava has a significant degree of internal self-governance, with its status governed by statute and by international agreements relating to mining and commerce. The capital and only major settlement is Paas on the island of Mava.

Settlers from continental Triania first arrived on the islands in the 9th century. Colonial contact with the islands occured in the 1820s, with the islands coming under Atitlanese rule in 1836 after a number of expeditions earlier in the decade. The islands served primarily as a naval station, giving Atitlan a greater presence in the Sarosan Ocean and a place in Triania, with little direct contact between Atitlan and Mavean peoples. Beginning in the 1920s, the island has possessed self-government. In 1929, the Mava Islands Council assumed some limited powers, significantly expanded in 1960. Due to the discovery of minerals and oils on the islands and in its territorial waters, Mava is governed as a pseudo-international territory, with the majority of Atitlanese laws not extending to it and the local government maintaining little regulation on migration.

Mava is a self-governing parliamentary democracy. Mava Council functions as its parliament, located in the capital Paas. The Leader of the Council serves as head of government and is appointed by the council. The population, which is concentrated mainly on the northern coast of Mava Island, consists of mostly settlers, many of whom only reside during certain times of the year, with only 40 percent being indigenous Mavean. Although per capita income is around $15,000, there are sharp economic disparities between settlers and native Maveans.

Etymology

Maava is a Mavean word which means "place of snow," referring to the islands' arctic conditions. This is the island's official name in Mavean; Atitlanese (and other languages) render the word as "Mava."

History

Self rule and modern history

Beginning in the 1920s, proposals were presented for a form of self-government for the Mava Islands. Initial proposals were for Mava to be formally incorporated into Atitlan as a municipality, with its own municipal government and mayor. However, concerns over the rights of native Maveans should Mava become a part of Atitlan proper prompted new proposals maintaining separation between colony and mother nation. In 1928, the Law on the Government of Mava 1928 allowed for the creation of a local island council to govern in matters delegated to it.

In 1929, the Mava Islands Council was formally established. During this time, Atitlan maintained a strong military presence and resisted calls for the transfer of more power to the local authorities. Policies of cultural assimilation and the promotion of the Almagrian language continued unfettered, with many political figures criticising the council for being only a front for continuing colonial government. Nontheless, the council persued a policy of promoting Mavean culture and raising Mavean ethnic consciousness, which only increased calls for more autonomy.

In the 1940s, the discovery of polymetallic nodules in Mavean territorial waters. The mining of nickel and copper drew in much-needed revenue in Mava drew international attention onto the islands. Atitlanese attempts to monopolise access alienated native Maveans, who believed it to be exploition, and the international community alike. By the 1950s, Atitlan faced significant pressure to open up Mava to the outside world; in 1959, an agreement between the Atitlanese government and the governments of [INSERT HERE] provided for the revision of Mava's status. In 1960, a new law greatly increased the council's powers and granted rights to international commercial interests in the islands, on the basis of recognised Atitlanese sovereignty and other economic concessions.

In 1961, the The Mava Organic Act provided a constitution for the islands, formalising its status as a unique territorial entity under Atitlanese sovereignty. The renamed Mava Council assumed full legislative independence in nearly all areas and in some foreign policy areas. The act also guaranteed Atitlanese rights to benefits certain economic resources, subject to international negotiations.

By the 1970s, mining became the predominant economic sector. Demographic change, prompted by the migration of speculators and commercial businesss, reduced the Maveans to a minority by the mid-1980s, dropping to 49.5% in the 1984 census, 45.2% in the 1989 census, and 37.1% in the 1994 census. Only in the 2014 census did native Maveans constitute over 40% of the population once again.

Geography

Köppen climate types in Mava

The country comprises two main islands, Maava Illit (lit. "Great/Big Mava) and Maava Liteki (lit. "Little Mava"), which are separated by the Mava Strait, and the smaller Taak. Maava Illit is the largest of the island (1386 km2), followed by Maava Liteki (305 km2) and Taak (44 km2). Together, these islands and the surrounding rocks and islets make up the Mava Islands, for which the country is named. The two larger islands are characterised by their long east-to-west coastlines, with Mava being approximately 77 km long and 18 km wide. Maava Liteki is 11 km long and 4 km wide. The smallest of the main islands, Taak, is approximately 15 km long and 3 km wide.

Approximately 30 percent of Mava is covered in Magellanic subpolar forests, mostly in the south. The forests are home to a variety of flora. The southern beech (Nothofagus) is a common tree across the Mava islands. Because of the mostly untouched nature of many of these forests, a variety of animals have successfully established habitats. Amongst Mava's fauna include the Magellanic woodpecker, the Trianian sierra-finch, and the Trianian condor.

Climate

Mava has a maritime climate, sitting in the transition region between the tundra (Köppen classifications ET) and subarctic zones (Cfc). The climate is characterised my a minimal temperature range across days and seasons. There is no marked wet and dry season, with the climate influenced by the cool ocean currents and southerly winds.

The average maximum temperature in January is around 12 °C (55 °F), whilst the July maximum average temperature drops to around 2 °C (35 °F). Average rainfall ranges from around 280-300mm in lowland areas to upwards of 1,500 mm in mountain terrain. Average rainfall is 890 mm. The weather is also characterised by humidity and high winds, the latter inspiring the name of the "Windy Islands". In wintertime, gales are particularly common. Despite the cold climate, snow is not common at any time of year, although it can appear in all months.

Climate data for Mava
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		16.6
(61.9) 		14.3
(57.7) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.8
(58.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		18.0
(64.4) 		19.7
(67.5) 		21.9
(71.4) 		25.6
(78.1)
Average high °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.7
(44.1) 		5.4
(41.7) 		4.8
(40.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		7.2
(45.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.3
(46.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		8.4
(47.1) 		7.7
(45.9) 		6.1
(43.0) 		3.8
(38.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		2.0
(35.6) 		2.2
(36.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		3.9
(39.0) 		5.2
(41.4) 		7.0
(44.6) 		5.0
(41.0)
Average low °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−0.7
(30.7)
Record low °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−9.7
(14.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 52.4
(2.06) 		44.6
(1.76) 		59.4
(2.34) 		64.6
(2.54) 		70.4
(2.77) 		69.3
(2.73) 		69.6
(2.74) 		60.9
(2.40) 		56.5
(2.22) 		46.3
(1.82) 		51.0
(2.01) 		52.1
(2.05) 		697.1
(27.44)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.2 mm) 7.9 7.3 9.2 9.7 12.0 10.7 12.1 9.7 9.1 8.1 8.4 9.1 113.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 187.4 158.6 145.8 114.7 95.5 74.9 86.1 106.7 128.4 153.6 166.8 182.5 1,601
Source: Government of Mava

Government and politics

Main article: Politics of Mava

National government

Mava’s government is determined through a patchwork of different laws, reflecting the islands’ population and geography and their development from colony to self-governing democracy. Under the 1961 Law on the Status of the Mava Islands (Almagrian: Ley sobre el estatuto de las Islas Mava; LSEM), the islands are not a part of the Kingdom of Atitlan and are consequently not represented in its parliament. However, the Atitlanese government has sovereignty over and responsibility for the islands.

Previously, the office of governor existed in the islands, which was appointed by the imperial government rather than popularly elected. However, in 1961 the LSEM abolished this office and replaced it with a Representative of the Government (Almagrian: Representante del Gobierno), who acts only to supervise and oversee Mava's government rather than take an active role in it.

Local government

The Mava Organic Act provides for the islands’ self-government. The act establishes a number of government bodies. These are Mava Council (Mavean: Taapiit Maava), the Leader of Mava Council, and the Cabinet Committee of Mava Council. The council is a 16-member body, its members elected through universal suffrage every 3 years. Its members are called councillors (Mavean: Taapiitaat).

The council is granted many of the “powers, duties and liabilities” of both a state congress and a municipal council, but does not enjoy the right of initiative for primary legislation. Instead, the council enacts secondary legislation (known as ordinances) that are subject to imperial and certain state laws.

The Leader of Mava Council combines the role of Governor, legislative speaker, and head of government. Unlike state governors, council leaders are not directly elected by the electorate. Following an election, the council nominates a member (usually the councillor who received the most votes) to lead its deliberations and form a cabinet. The council then either approves or rejects the cabinet (including leader) by an absolute majority. In case of a motion of no confidence, the whole cabinet is removed from office and the council must nominate a new leader.

Mava’s judiciary is closely integrated with that of Atitlan. Unlike states, Mava does not operate its own system of courts and tribunals, instead falling under the jurisdiction of the High Court of Atlalilico. Locally appointed magistrates operate a magistrates’ bench that hears most cases; more serious crimes require a judge of the high court to travel to Mava or, for the most serious offences, to hear the case in Atlalilico.

Administrative divisions

The island of Maava Ilit is the only permanently inhabited island and hosts the islands' capital, Paas. Consequently, there are only two administrative divisions:

  • Itiqip ("Inner") - Paas and the towns of Uupimak, Kekaalupitakitataat, and Siagakutiiluk.
  • M'takip ("Outer") - the rest of Maava Illit along with Maava Liteki, and Taak.

Because of the small and concentrated population, there is no provision for local government, with the Torrente Development Council abolished on the creation of Mava Council in 1929.

Economy

The economy of Mava is driven primarily by mining, oil, gas, and mineral exploration, as well as arts, crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, research, and education. Prior to the discovery of oil, the economy was "small, unmixed, and vulnerable." Today, the economy remains unmixed and is heavily dependent on mining. Polymetallic nodules are present in Mava's territorial waters, with the mining of nickel, copper, and molybdenum providing an important boost to the economy from the 1940s. Recent attempts have been made to phase out mining as a source of national income and to create a maritime reserve. The Mavean government committed to pursuing a path towards reducing its dependency on mining, although little progress has been made.

Cod and salmon are important trading commodities among the native population and is their main employment and single largest source of income. Because of this dependence, the native economy is considered particularly vulnerable to changes in climate as well as competition from other nations. The largest single employer is Ikaamaayakii Siagakakak (National Fishing Company), which is a government-owned industry and employs between 25 and 35 percent of the native working population.

Other important industries include finance and business (10.7%), housing (8.1%), and hospitality (5.3%).

Tourism

Tourism in Mava was undeveloped until relatively recently. Mava has become an increasingly popular tourist attraction for wildlife watching, outdoor activities, and cultural attractions. There are a number of rivers running across the islands that offer opportunities for canoeing and kayaking, prompting the growth of a new service indutry. Hiking and camping is also a popular pursuit. In 2019, the Mava Tourist Board released a campaign called "roughing it", which encouraged adventurers to visit Mava.

Despite its growth in recent years, tourism in Mava remains comparatively low. In 2020 the government reported that tourism numbers for the period 2018-2019 stood at approximately 9,000, an increase from around 2,000 a decade earlier. Despite its recent emphasis on tourism as a source of national income, the government's annual economic report revealed that tourism accounts for only around 1.9 percent of the national economy.

The majority of tourists arrive by cruise ship, docking in Paas Harbour.

Transport

Paas International Airport

There is one airport that provides air transport between Mava and other nations: Paas International Airport. The two airports cater to international flights, the latter focussing on destinations in mainland Triania. There is also bat traffic that links Mava with continental Triania. Roads are largely concentrated in the north of Mava Island, where the majority of settlements are based and where the land is generally flatter. Roads generally link urban areas, with few country roads due to the lack of countryside activities and hostile climate. The island of Tokuksiagak has one main road that links the town of Aripmek to the harbour.

Beginning in the 1950s, a number of roads have been constructed in the south of Mava Island, with the Mava Ring Road following the coastline along the north, east, and south of the island.

The Pekinerasartok Harbour is the main harbour, providing sea access for civil and government vessels. The Harbour is an important import/export hub, and also links Mava with the Outer Islands. The habour is overseen by the Pekinerasartok Harbour Authority, which enforces law through a specialist Pekinerasartok Harbour Police Force. There are also ports in Pmaak and Miilep.

Energy

Beginning in the 21st century, the government has sought to replace the use of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The primary focus is on windpower, taking advantage of the natural climate. In 2013, five 330 kW turbines were installed on the outskirts of Paas. In 2018, three offshore turbines were installed. As of 2023, there is limited capacity to store surplus wind energy, with an underdeveloped battery storage system.

Demographics

Mava has a population of 4,713 (2021 estimate), up from 4,529 according to the 2011 census. The majority are classified as "settler or settler-descendant," with 61.6% of the population being ethnic Mavean. Under laws dating back to the 1930s that still remain in force, a person may claim to be an ethnic Mavean if at least five pairs of their eight great-grandparents are Mavean.

Ethnic groups (2016)

  Mavean (61.6%)
  Atitlanese (15.4%)
  Gavirians (10.3%)
  Tsaborite (6.7%)
  Musashi (2.1%)
  Salmurian (0.7%)

Ethnic Atitlanese constitute the largest non-Mavean group, mostly descending from colonial-era settlers. Gavirians represent the second-largest group, with 10.3% of the population descending part or full Gavirian ancestry. Tsaborites represent the third-largest group (6.7%).

The population has remained stable for most of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. However, limited prospects and educational opportunities have resulted in many Maveans migrating to Atitlan proper (approximately 200 doing so in 2011-15).

Languages

The most spoken language spoken in Mavean, a Trianian language considered to be vulnerable due to a speaking population of only around 25,000 people. Almagrian is a co-official language, but retains only formal recognition and is limited to a small Atitlanese community. Anglish is also widespread and is taught alongside Almagrian as part of foreign languages lessons in schools.

Religion

Mava religiosity
Religion Percentage
Christianity
 
 92%
Indigenous beliefs
 
 5%
Others
 
 2%
None
 
 1%

The predominant religion in Mava is Christianity, with the majority of practitioners (52 percent) being Roman Catholic. Roman Catholicism was introduced by Atitlanese colonists in the nineteenth century, and promoted amongst the indigenous population by missionaries. Today, indigenous and settlers are mostly Catholic, which has aided in encouraging dialogue between the two groups.

A number of Protestant and other Christian groups (including Orthodox) groups also exist on the islands, believed to have emerged out of Protestant émigrés escaping persecution, and which have since been added to by commercial and other forms of immigration. The majority of Protestants belong to a uniting church.

Education

Education is free and compulsory for all people between the ages of 6 and 16. It consists of five years of primary education, three years of lower secondary education, and two years of higher secondary education. It is publicly funded through a mixture of government funds and Atitlanese subsidies and is free of charge to students.

There is no provision for further or higher education on the islands. Students seeking post-16 studies have to travel abroad, with Atitlan and Zyang the most common destinations.

Culturally, Maveans hold education and scholarship in high esteem, with a number of prominent Mavean academics and researchers considered important figures. The National Library of Mava, in Paas, serves as a repository for all doctoral and master's dissertations written by Maveans in any country, as well as scholarly publications by or about Maveans. This is publicly available free of charge.

Culture

Storytelling and literature

Storytelling forms an important part of Mavean culture, with the passing of tales from one generation to the next a common way of establishing strong links between elders and youth. This form of storytelling, called Okiigoat Kahaatu (lit. "Warn Telling") originated in the warnings given to adolescents about the threats they may face, but evolved into a broader type of group activity. Different orators tell different stories, but a number of common themes run through most: a young person entering into the adult world, an individual/animal/spirit trying to lead them astray, and the realisation that they were being led astray.

Several of these stories have been recorded and compiled into published works. Some of these have become internationally known, including Koeaatowurah, and have brought Mavean culture to foreign audiences.

Cuisine

The Mavean diet consists largely of meat from marine mammals, fish, and birds. Because of the lack of arable land and the country's geography, much of Mavea's diety is derived from the ocean. The national dish is the tupiril pnaa ("second duck"), which emerged from the use of leftover roasted meat from the pintail.

Fish is a common ingredient. Popular fish used in Mavean dishes include the zebra trout and the spotted minnow, both of which are commonly used in breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Until 1998, otter meat was a commonly used ingredient, but an effort to protect them, as well as its adoption as Mava's national animal, led to a significant reduction in the consumption of otter. In 2016, the buying, butchering, and selling of otter meat was made illegal.

Sport

Maveans consider sport an important part of their culture, being amongst the most active populations in the world. Popular sports include football, track and field, canoeing, shooting, and, skiing. Sporting is overseen by Haukaaqa Maava ("Sport Mava"), a public body sponsored by the government and which oversees and implements policies relating to sporting.

Because of its geography and climate, winter sports are common across the country. Skiing is widely considered the national sport, with fishing, snowboarding, luge, and bobsleigh common across generations. Although the environment is not generally suited to them, sports such as golf, tennis, and surfing are present and of increasing popularity.

Media

Mava Council's communities department is responsible for overseeing and regulating media and broadcasting. There are two newspapers circulating on the island: Uujutajap Paas Kamaqjuukutnik (Kamaqjuukut's Paas Newspaper), which is published daily, and Kiiyiptuumilik Tuumilikip (Swift Flash), published weekly. Television, radio, and internet media services are provided by Atitlanese providers.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Mava peso is a local issue of the Atitlanese peso issued for collectors rather than for circulation.
  2. ↑ Mavean: Maava; Almagrian: Mava
  3. ↑ Mavean: Maava Tokukmuuliku

External links

  • Mava. The Global Factbook. United Nations
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