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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox officeholder
|conventional_long_name = Kulo State
| honorific_prefix  =  
|native_name =       ''Isifunda sase-Kulo'' ({{wp|isiZulu|isiKulo}})
| name              = Eduard Olsov<br>{{small|{{nobold|Едуард Ольсов}}}}
|common_name =        Kulo State
| image              = Tisza_Kálmán_Horowitz.jpg
|status =            Partially-recognised
| image_size        = 235px
|image_coat =        Kulo_cowskin_shield.png
| caption            = Olsov in 1884
|symbol_type =        {{wp|Cowskin shield}}
  | order              =  
|national_motto =     <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
| office            = [[President of Soravia]]{{ref label|a|a}}
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto-->
| status            = <!--If this is specified, overrides Incumbent.-->
|national_anthem =   <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
| term_start        = January 4, 1857
|royal_anthem =       <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
| term_end          = June 9, 1890
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
| premier = [[Robert Marinin]] {{small|(1856–70)}}<br>[[Anton Gavel Yemelin]] {{small|(1870–90)}}
|other_symbol =
| predecessor        = ''Position created''
|capital =           Yokhonzela
| successor          = [[Vasily Isayev]]
|largest_city =      capital
| birth_date      = {{Birth date|1821|5|19}}
|largest_settlement_type =
| birth_place    = [[Syrnitsa]], [[Soravian Empire|Lushkina Governorate]], [[Soravian Empire|Soravia]]
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
| death_date      = {{Death date and age|1890|6|9|1821|5|19}}
|official_languages = {{wp|isiZulu|isiKulo}}
| death_place    = [[Patovatra]], [[Soravia|Pavatria]], [[Soravia]]
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
| death_cause    = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability -->
|regional_languages = {{wp|Swahili language}}<br>{{wp|Chewa language|Njinji}}
| resting_place  =  
|ethnic_groups =     Predominantly {{wp|amaZulu|amaKulo}}
| resting_place_coordinates =  
|religion =           [[Solarian Catholic Church|Sotirianity]]<br>[[Irfan]]
| citizenship    = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
|demonym =            umKulo (singular)<br>amaKulo (plural)
| nationality    = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
|government_type =    {{wp|Unitary}} {{wp|presidential republic}}
| party          = {{wp|Political independent|Independent}}
|leader_title1 =     President
| otherparty      = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
|leader_name1 = [[Dumisile Xhibeni Chacha]]
| height          = <!-- "X cm", "X m"  or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
|leader_title2 =     Vice President
| spouse          =
|leader_name2 = [[Bongdani Malusi]]
| partner        = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
|legislature = Congress
| relations      =  
|sovereignty_type =
| children        =  
|sovereignty_note =
| parents         <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
|established_event1 = Establishment of [[Baséland|Saint-Romauld-Culloland Protectorate]]
| mother          = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
|established_date1 =  March 8, 1851
| father          = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
|established_event2 = [[Didier Maxime Rhissassi|Rhissassi Expedition]]
| relatives      =  
|established_date2 = 1869{{ndash}}1880
| residence      =  
|established_event3 = Split
| education      = [[University of Damesbridge]]
|established_date3 = 1940s
| alma_mater      =  
|established_event4 = [[Kulo Insurgency]]
| occupation      =  
|established_date4 = January 19, 1971
| profession      =  
|established_event5 = Declaration of independence
| known_for      =  
|established_date5 = August 20, 1980
| salary          =  
|established_event6 = Current constitution
| cabinet        =  
|established_date6 = December 10, 2009
|area_rank =  
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =           111,516
|area_sq_mi =         <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =     <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|percent_water =  
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|area_label2 =       <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =         <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate = 2,091,882
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_year = 2013
|population_census =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_density_km2 =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank =  
|GDP_nominal = $1.3 billion
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $612
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|currency =          Kulo State mark
}}
}}


{{Infobox military conflict
'''Eduard Olsov''' (May 19, 1821 – June 9, 1890) was a [[Soravia|Soravian]] politician and revolutionary who served as the first [[president of Soravia]] from 1856 to his death in 1890. Having been one of the leading figures of the [[Soravian Revolution]], Olsov's administration oversaw a number of sweeping changes in Soravian society, including the {{wp|abolition of slavery|abolition of slavery, serfdom}} and {{wp|corporal punishment}}, the adoption of the {{wp|gold standard}}, {{wp|local government|local ethnic self-governance}}, the {{wp|suffrage|expansion of suffrage}}, and the ratification of Soravia's first {{wp|constitution}}, which persists as the country's {{wp|supreme law}}. His 33 year-long tenure is one of the longest by a non-royal {{wp|head of state}}.
| conflict    = Kulo Insurgency
 
| width      =
Olsov was born into a devoutly [[Episemialist Church|Episemialist]] and wealthy family in 1821. He studied at the [[University of Damesbridge]] until 1843, when he returned to Soravia and worked as a writer for ''[[Soravia|Gazeta]]'' in [[Samistopol]]. Olsov was initially supportive of the [[Emperor of Soravia|Soravian monarchy]], but wrote extensively on political, particularly democratic, reforms in the country. He began to embrace {{wp|republicanism}} during the [[War of the Triple Alliance]], and was part of a clique of journalists who reported on the war for the paper. As a chief writer, he was well-known in Samistopol, but was fired for his support of the [[Borzhava Mutiny]] in January 1856. Olsov ultimately fully embraced republican politics, and led the large-scale liberal revolt in Samistopol as [[Matvei Mikhailitsyn|Count Mikhailitsyn]] was simultaneously assassinated in [[Kholmogory]]. After a compromise with the autonomist forces of [[Robert Marinin]], Olsov was elected as Soravia's first president by the [[National Congress (Soravia)|National Congress]] on January 4, 1857, with Marinin becoming the first [[Minister-President of Soravia|minister-president]].
| partof      =
 
| image      = Bissau_-_Abandoned_tank.JPG
Soravia was divided into a series of federal states in 1857, with a strong emphasis on local governance backed by a strong {{wp|head of state}}. Olsov served initially as the president of Soravia, [[Chistovodia]] and [[Vinalia]] which were united in {{wp|confederation}} with the Soravian mainland. His administration attempted to extend suffrage to free non-whites in Asteria, resulting in the [[Chistovinalian declaration of independence]] which was largely uncontested by Soravia. Olsov led the final {{wp|abolition of slavery|abolition of slavery and serfdom}} in 1865, followed by the {{wp|corporal punishment|abolition of corporal punishment}} in 1883. The death of Marinin in 1870 saw [[Anton Gavel Yemelin]] become minister-president, and gradually the two centralised power in the presidency and away from local governments. He died in office in 1890.
| image_size  =
 
| alt        =
Olsov's legacy as president has been controversial. He is generally rated very highly within Soravia, praised for his modernising reforms that brought Soravia from an antiquated and fractured state back to one of Euclea's foremost powers. Historians abroad, however, criticise him for eroding the democratic traditions that were established after the revolution in favour of a dictatorial {{wp|head of state}}.  
| caption    = An abandoned tank in [[Omor]], [[Yemet]], in 2000
 
| date        = January 19, 1971{{snd}}present<br>({{Age in years, months and days|1971|1|19}})
== Notes ==
| place      = Ethnically {{wp|amaZulu|amaKulo}} areas, eastern [[Yemet]], northern [[Masari]] and [[Garambura]], north-eastern [[Rwizikuru]]
{{note|a}}a. Styled officially as ''President of Soravia and Chistovodia and Vinalia'' from 1857 to 1859.
| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
| map_type    =
| map_relief  =
| map_size    =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label  =
| territory  =
| result      = '''Ongoing:'''
*[[Community of Nations|CN]]-brokered peace talks in 1986 and 1999
*[[Dalar-sur-mer Agreement]]
| status      =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1  = {{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} [[Community of Nations|CNDPKS]]<br>{{flag|Garambura}}<br>{{flag|Yemet}}<br>{{flag|Masari}}<br>{{flag|Rwizikuru}}
| combatant2  = [[Kulo State]]
| combatant3  =
| commander1  = {{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} [[Secretary-General of the Community of Nations|Juho Pekkala]]<br>{{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} [[Secretary-General of the Community of Nations|Giancarlo Pasetto]]<br>{{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} [[Secretary-General of the Community of Nations|Vytautas Šeduikytė]]<br>{{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} [[Secretary-General of the Community of Nations|Ekaterine Beruchashvili]]<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Takakunda Kuda Kani]]<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Tapfuma Mkondo]]<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Jongwe Mujuru]]<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Muzukuru Chiyangwa]]<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} [[Sylvain Sikali]]<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]<br>{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]]}}<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Munashe Ngonidzashe]]  
| commander2  = [[Kwanele Owethu]]<br>[[Zuzumuzi Mlungisi]]<br>[[Lunga Inzula]]<br>[[Bhekithemba Ubaba]]<br>[[Duma Dube]]<br>[[Ndumiso Cetshwayo]]<br>[[Sfiso Slindile]]<br>[[Bonginkosi Lwazi]]<br>[[Dumisile Xhibeni Chacha]]
| commander3  =
| units1      =
| units2      =
| units3      =
| strength1  = {{flagicon image|CoNFlag.png}} 2,500 personnel<br>{{flagicon|Garambura}} 11,000 (2016)<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} 5,300 (2019) <br> {{flagicon|Yemet}} 20,000 (2020)
| strength2  = est. 40,000{{ndash}}100,000
| strength3  =
| casualties1 = ~9,000 <br> {{flagicon|Yemet}} ~40,000 (Est.)
| casualties2 = est. 15,500
| casualties3 =  
| notes      =  
| campaignbox =
}}

Latest revision as of 09:48, 15 December 2023

Eduard Olsov
Едуард Ольсов
Tisza Kálmán Horowitz.jpg
Olsov in 1884
President of Soravia[a]
In office
January 4, 1857 – June 9, 1890
PremierRobert Marinin (1856–70)
Anton Gavel Yemelin (1870–90)
Preceded byPosition created
Succeeded byVasily Isayev
Personal details
Born(1821-05-19)May 19, 1821
Syrnitsa, Lushkina Governorate, Soravia
DiedJune 9, 1890(1890-06-09) (aged 69)
Patovatra, Pavatria, Soravia
Political partyIndependent
EducationUniversity of Damesbridge

Eduard Olsov (May 19, 1821 – June 9, 1890) was a Soravian politician and revolutionary who served as the first president of Soravia from 1856 to his death in 1890. Having been one of the leading figures of the Soravian Revolution, Olsov's administration oversaw a number of sweeping changes in Soravian society, including the abolition of slavery, serfdom and corporal punishment, the adoption of the gold standard, local ethnic self-governance, the expansion of suffrage, and the ratification of Soravia's first constitution, which persists as the country's supreme law. His 33 year-long tenure is one of the longest by a non-royal head of state.

Olsov was born into a devoutly Episemialist and wealthy family in 1821. He studied at the University of Damesbridge until 1843, when he returned to Soravia and worked as a writer for Gazeta in Samistopol. Olsov was initially supportive of the Soravian monarchy, but wrote extensively on political, particularly democratic, reforms in the country. He began to embrace republicanism during the War of the Triple Alliance, and was part of a clique of journalists who reported on the war for the paper. As a chief writer, he was well-known in Samistopol, but was fired for his support of the Borzhava Mutiny in January 1856. Olsov ultimately fully embraced republican politics, and led the large-scale liberal revolt in Samistopol as Count Mikhailitsyn was simultaneously assassinated in Kholmogory. After a compromise with the autonomist forces of Robert Marinin, Olsov was elected as Soravia's first president by the National Congress on January 4, 1857, with Marinin becoming the first minister-president.

Soravia was divided into a series of federal states in 1857, with a strong emphasis on local governance backed by a strong head of state. Olsov served initially as the president of Soravia, Chistovodia and Vinalia which were united in confederation with the Soravian mainland. His administration attempted to extend suffrage to free non-whites in Asteria, resulting in the Chistovinalian declaration of independence which was largely uncontested by Soravia. Olsov led the final abolition of slavery and serfdom in 1865, followed by the abolition of corporal punishment in 1883. The death of Marinin in 1870 saw Anton Gavel Yemelin become minister-president, and gradually the two centralised power in the presidency and away from local governments. He died in office in 1890.

Olsov's legacy as president has been controversial. He is generally rated very highly within Soravia, praised for his modernising reforms that brought Soravia from an antiquated and fractured state back to one of Euclea's foremost powers. Historians abroad, however, criticise him for eroding the democratic traditions that were established after the revolution in favour of a dictatorial head of state.

Notes

^ a. Styled officially as President of Soravia and Chistovodia and Vinalia from 1857 to 1859.