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{{WIP}}
{{Region_icon_Ajax}}{{wip}}{{Infobox country
{{Region_icon_Ajax}}
|native_name = ⴰⵊⴰⵎⵀⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ</br>''Ajamhurya n Charnea''
{{Infobox country
|common_name = Charnea
| conventional_long_name    = Charnean Confederation
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Charnea
|native_name                = Charnea
|image_flag                  = CharFlag.svg
|common_name                = Charnea
|image_flag                  = CharFlag.png
|alt_flag                    =  
|alt_flag                    =  
|image_coat                  =  
|image_coat                  = CharSeal.svg
|alt_coat                    =  
|alt_coat                    =  
|symbol_type                = Emblem
|symbol_type                = Seal
|national_motto              = ''Under the Sun and our Banner''
|national_motto              =  
|national_anthem            = [[Charnean National Anthem|Song of Eight Nations]]
|national_anthem            =  
|royal_anthem                =  
|royal_anthem                =  
|other_symbol_type          =  
|other_symbol_type          =  
|other_symbol                =  
|other_symbol                =  
|image_map                  = Charnea_location.png
|image_map                  = CHARMAPLOWRES.png
|map_width                  = 275px
|map_width                  = 275px
|alt_map                    =  
|alt_map                    =  
Line 23: Line 21:
|map_caption2                =  
|map_caption2                =  
|capital                    = [[Agnannet]]
|capital                    = [[Agnannet]]
|largest_city                = [[Koros]]
|largest_city                = [[Agnannet]]
|official_languages          = {{wp|Tuareg language}}
|official_languages          = ''None''
|national_languages          =
|national_languages          = {{nowrap|{{wp|Tamashek}} (de facto)}}
|regional_languages          = {{wp|Zaghawa language}} <br> {{wp|Kanuri language}}  
|regional_languages          = {{wp|Egyptian language|Randeshret}}<br/>{{wp|Tamahaq}}<br/>{{wp|Tawellemmet}}<br/>{{wp|Maghrebi Arabic|Darja}}
|languages_type              =  
|languages_type              =  
|languages                  =  
|languages                  =  
|ethnic_groups               = [[Charnea#Demographics|See Ethnicity]]
| ethnic_groups             = {{unbulleted list
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2019
| 62.9% [[Tenerians]]<br>{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟'''51.8% [[Tenerians#Kel_A.C9.A3rem|Kel Aɣrem]]}}<br>{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟'''11.1% [[Tenerians#Kel_Ajama|Kel Ajama]]}}
| 15.4% [[Deshrians]]
| 13.8% {{wp|Arabs|Gharibs}}
| 3.6% {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}}
| 2.1% {{wp|Toubou people|Tebu}}
| 1.2% [[Chamals]]
| 1.0% Other
}}
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2024
|demonym                    = Charnean
|demonym                    = Charnean
|government_type            = Elective Tribal Federation
|government_type            = {{wp|Unitary states|Unitary}} {{wp|Stratocracy|stratocratic}} {{wp|republic}}
|leader_title1              = [[Amenukal of Charnea|Amenukal]]
|leader_title1              = Amizar
|leader_name1                = [[Martuf ag Lamine]]
|leader_name1                = [[Khyar Aziouel]]
|leader_title2              = [[Executor of Charnea|Executor]]
|legislature                = [[Agraw Itkar]]
|leader_name2                = [[Kubra ult Lamine]]
|upper_house                =  
|legislature                = Confederate Convocation
|lower_house                =  
|upper_house                = Council of Eight
|sovereignty_type            =  
|lower_house                = General Assembly
|sovereignty_type            =
|sovereignty_note            =  
|sovereignty_note            =  
|established_event1          = Charnean Empire
|established_event1          =  
|established_date1          = 14 August 903 CE
|established_date1          =  
|established_event2          = Second Foundation
|established_event2          =  
|established_date2          = 25 February 1816
|established_date2          =  
|established_event3          =
|established_date3          =
|established_event4          =
|established_date4          =
|established_event5          =
|established_date5          =
|area_rank                  =  
|area_rank                  =  
|area_magnitude              =  
|area_magnitude              =  
|area                        =
|area                        =  
|area_km2                    =  
|area_km2                    = 2,130,656
|area_sq_mi                  =  
|area_sq_mi                  =  
|area_footnote              =
|area_footnote              =
|area_label                  = Total
|area_label                  = Total Area
|percent_water              =  
|percent_water              = 0.084%
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|population_estimate        = 33,023,983
|population_estimate        = 27,023,983
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_year    = 2020
|population_estimate_year    = 2022
|population_census          = 33,010,572
|population_census          = 26,995,572
|population_census_year      = 2019
|population_census_year      = 2020
|population_density_km2      =  
|population_density_km2      = 12.68
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_rank    =
|population_density_rank    =
|GDP_PPP                    = $101 billion
|GDP_PPP                    = [[Latin solidus|$]]599 billion
|GDP_PPP_rank                =  
|GDP_PPP_rank                =  
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $5779.45
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = [[Latin solidus|$]]22,179.45
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =  
|GDP_nominal                =  
|GDP_nominal                =  
|GDP_nominal_rank            =
|GDP_nominal_rank            =  
|GDP_nominal_year            =
|GDP_nominal_year            =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini                        = 25.9
|Gini                        = 44.4
|Gini_rank                  =
|Gini_rank                  =
|Gini_year                  =  
|Gini_year                  =  
|Gini_category              =
|Gini_category              =
|HDI                        = 0.701
|HDI                        = 0.801
|HDI_rank                    =
|HDI_rank                    =
|HDI_year                    =
|HDI_year                    =
|HDI_category                =
|HDI_category                =
|currency                    = Charnean Dinar
|currency                    = [[OAD|Azref<br>Aga]]
|currency_code              = CDR
|currency_code              =  
|time_zone                  =
|time_zone                  =
|utc_offset                  =
|utc_offset                  =
Line 96: Line 106:
}}
}}


'''Charnea''', formally the '''Charnean Confederation''' (''[[Wikipedia:Tuareg language|Tamashek]]:'' ⴾⴻⵍ ⴾⴰⵂⴰⵕⵏⴰ, Kel Kaharna), is a tribal {{wp|confederation}} governed by {{wp|elective monarchy}} located in central [[Ajax#Scipia|Scipia]], bordering the [[Messidor Union]] to the north and [[Fahran]] to the east. The eight national and ethnic affiliations recognized as constituent parties of the confederation, known as the Eight Nations, correspond to the eight States which act as the mid level political and geographic subdivisions of Charnea, in addition to the three federally governed territories corresponding to none of the recognized nations. Charnea is ruled by the [[Amenukal of Charnea|Amenukal]], an elected monarch selected by the Eight Nations Council, who is endowed with the delegated authority of the various devolved tribes and national organizations party to the confederation, and is the direct commander in chief of the [[Inter-Charnean Army]], the confederated military forces of all Charnean nations. Day to day government of the large nation is split between the devolved authorities of the Eight Nations and the [[Executor of Charnea|Executor]], a first minister position serving for life at the pleasure of the sitting Amenukal.  
'''Charnea''', officially the '''Republic of Charnea''' ({{wp|Tamashek}}: ⴰⵊⴰⵎⵀⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ, ''Ajamhurya n Charnea''), is a {{wp|Landlocked country|landlocked country}} in central [[Ajax#Scipia|Scipia]]. The territory of Charnea spans the majority of the [[Ninva|Ninva desert]], bounded by the [[Arwa mountains|Arwa range]] in the west and the [[al-Kija river|Kija river]] in the east. Charnea is bordered to the north by [[Talahara]], [[Tyreseia]], [[Khemetu]] and [[Alanahr]], to the east by [[Happara]], [[Fahran]] and [[Kembesa]], and along the mountainous southern boundary by [[M'biruna]] and the [[Itayana|Amayana]] [[Makgato]] and [[Itayana Solar Autocracy|Solar Temple]] states of the [[Karana river|Karana basin]]. [[Agnannet]] is the capital and {{wp|primate city}} of Charnea, located in the urbanized [[Achra|Achra triangle]].  


The Charnean people are largely affiliated with the historically nomadic [[Wikipedia:Tuareg language|Tamashek]] speaking peoples of the [[Zahra desert]] which stretches' across nearly 70% of the confederation's land area. Five of the Eight Nations are ethnically Tamashek, and many Charneans practice aspects of the Tamashek culture including speaking the language both as settled residents of cities and towns within and without ancestral tribal lands. Many native speakers of {{wp|Zaghawa language}} and {{wp|Kanuri language}} speak Tamashek as a second language. The traditional beliefs of the Tamashek peoples are codified into the ancient traditional religious practice of [[Kaharnism]] focusing on the mythical Mother Kaharna, a goddess said to be the ancestor of all humankind and for whom the Charnean confederation is named. The majority of Kaharnist practitioners today identify as [[White Path]] adherents, although a significant minority reject White Path teachings and retain the sole spiritual practice of Kaharnism.  
The Republic is a {{wp|military democracy}} established by elements of the [[Charnean Army]] following the political disintegration of the [[Second Empire (Charnea)|Charnean Empire]] in the mid-2010s. The [[Ihemodian Revival]], a Ninvite {{wp|pan-nationalism|pan-nationalist}} movement invoking the historical legacy of the 14th century conqueror [[Ihemod|Ihemod Imekkusa]], is the dominant political current in the Republic. While the Revivalists generally seek to integrate Charnea's large historically marginalized minorities such as the [[Deshrians]] and {{wp|Darja}} speaking [[Hatherians]] into the new Republican society, the legislature, national bureaucracy and Army remain in the hands of the [[Tenerians|Tenerian]] majority, particularly [[Tenerians#Kel_Ajama|Ajamites]] of rural nomadic extraction in the latter case.  


Economic activity across the Charnean confederation falls almost entirely within the primary sector. By far the most prolific economic activity across the confederation is mining, particularly of gold, copper and nickel. Cobalt is also present in deposits across western Charnea, alongside a particular site with an unusually high prevalence of the rare element {{wp|iridium}}. Charnean oil reserves, found in central and eastern Charnea are significant and the petroleum industry nationalized under [[COPEC]] is highly valuable to the Charnean budget, however it is of much lesser value to the overall economy compared to mining activities. Notable secondary industries of the Charnean confederation are a rice-based agricultural sector alongside resource reclamation through a strong recycling industry fed by imported waste products. The current Lamine regime has expressed a desire to industrialize the Charnean confederation for the benefit of all peoples of the Eight Nations by developing industrial capabilities to refine Charnea's exported resources into products of higher value, although such programs are yet in their infancy.  
Charnea undertook a program of intensive industrialization beginning in the early 20th century, transforming the country through a {{wp|state capitalism|state capitalist}} model of centralized economic planning. Although lucrative resource beds would later be discovered, much of Charnea's formative economic development driven by an apparent dearth of natural resources in the Charnean Ninva would focus on establishing a carefully planned manufacturing sector supplied with imported raw materials by the [[Steel Road|Trans-Ninvite Railway]]. The scarcity of water in particular established a pattern of development which favored economic and demographic consolidation into highly concentrated urban zones emerging where local water resources could sustain them, connected to resource beds, international commerce and to each other by the rail network. Despite the harmful effects of recent political instability and long-term social inequality, the Charnean economy has transformed the inhospitable Ninva into a modern and developed country.  


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Charnea derives its name from the central figure of Kaharnism and the patron goddess of many Tamashek tribes, Mother Kaharna. Charnea's Tamashek name ''Kel Kaharna'' translates roughly to "People of Kaharna". This nomenclature follows the ancient Tamashek traditions of a confederation across tribal lines, belying Charnea's origin as a universal confederation of numerous pre-existing nomadic confederations of the Zahra desert. It is uncertain when or how Kel Kaharna came to be [[Standard Latin language|latinized]] into the word Charnea, but its believed to have occurred at some point in the 10th century following northward incursions of the Charnean Empire towards [[Periclean world|the Periclean]].  
The exact origins and meaning of the name of Charnea is heavily in dispute. The prevailing theory is that the modern ''Charna'' as it is rendered in Tamashek is a corruption of the Deshrian word ''Shasramt'' meaning "traveling people" referring to the ancestors of the [[Tenerians]] who reverted to a nomadic {{wp|pastoralism|pastoral}} lifestyle following the collapse of the urbanized [[Tamazgha|Tamazghan Confederation]] in the 3rd century. ''Shasramt'' was likely adopted as a term for the lands and peoples of the central Ninva desert some time after the rise of the Ihemodian Empire. The Tenerian endonym for the land is simply ''Tenere'' meaning "desert", referring to the arid landscape of the Ninva. However, this term is generally applied only to the historically Tenerian region of the western Ninva. The Ninva east of the Adjer mountains instead bears the Hatherian name of ''Zahra'' which has the same meaning as ''Tenere''.


==History==
==History==
===Classical period===
Both the ancestors of the Amazigh Tamashek peoples as well as their Kanuri and Zaghawa counterparts are known to have inhabited what is now Charnea since prehistory, leading up to the advent of the written word and settled agrarian society in the south of Charnea in what is referred to as the [[Obulite Civilization]] in the third millennium BCE. The Obulite culture is strongly believed to be the antecedent of modern Kanuri and Zaghawa ethnic groups in Charnea, although the early Obulite kingdoms were not alone in this era. Roughly concurrent to the emergence of an agrarian culture in the south of Charnea, the legendary [[Kaharna|Queen Kaharna]] is said to have unified the disparate ancient Amazighs of the Zahra, at this time significantly less arid than the desert of the modern day. Although Kaharna is deified as the goddess Mother Kaharna by the Charnean Tamasheks, the ancient Queen is also recognized and remembered by other Amazigh groups outside of Charnea, such as the Aghmatians of the [[Messidor Union]].


Much of the ensuring Charnean classical era was marked by the increasing shift away from a hunter gatherer lifestyle across the different ethnic groups of ancient Charnea, as the southern cultures transitioned into a settled agrarian lifestyle under the expanding influence of the Obulite kingdoms, and the the northern Amazigh tribes gradually evolved into the nomadic pastoralist Tamashek culture as the steppe and scrublands of the northern hinterland underwent desertification and became the almost completely arid landscape of the Zahra desert. Although the nomadic northerners and agrarian southerners did enjoy relatively frequent contact with one another, both friendly contact in the form of trading and exchange and hostile contact in the form of raiding and military forays, their distinct ways of life left the Obulites and the ancient Tamashek relatively alienated from one another for millennia during the classical era.  
==Government==
The Republic of Charnea is a {{wp|Military democracy|democratic}} {{wp|stratocracy}} in which political rights are contingent on voluntary national service in the [[Charnean Army]] or a military sanction. Like the Charnean Empire that preceded it, the Republic does not have a formal constitution. The mechanisms of the Republic's government and democratic system are instead outlined in the 2018 Edicts of Agnannet which established a {{wp|parliamentary}} system of government in which the right to vote and hold office would be granted to anyone who completes a 2-year period of military service, while the 2022 Declaration of Principles would later allow for meritorious non-military forms of service to be rewarded with an official sanction granting the same rights. The closest analogue to the unorthodox Charnean system is the federal military regime in neighboring [[Makgato#Politics|East Itayana]].  


===Medieval period===
The [[Agraw Itkar]] is the supreme legislative assembly of the Republic, comprised of deputies representing the eligible electorate both within and without the active military. Voting districts of the Agraw, where are known as Corps, are not geographically demarcated and are instead defined by the formation in which a voter preformed their service. Corps which are deemed to be too large to adequately represent its members are split into smaller bodies by the national Elections Council, itself a subdivision of the Agraw which also oversees the dispensation of military sanctions to civilians. All national elections are carried out using a {{wp|Multiwinner approval voting|block approval}} methodology. In addition to legislation, the Agraw also serves as the supreme judicial organ of the Republic overseeing all civilian and military courts in Charnea.
The end of the Charnean classical era was marked by sudden and radical change for the peoples of Charnea, particularly relating to the rise of what would come to be known as the Charnean Empire. In 819 CE, at the [[Battle of the Red Hills]], a man known as [[Agnan of the Tree]] rose to prominence. So named because his adoptive father, the Amenukal of the Kel Awakar confederation, had found him under the branches of the sacred [[Tree of Awakar]], Agnan had long been known as a reformer figure among the Kel Awakar for his openly expressed desire to radically alter many of the long standing institutions of Tamashek society. Having emerged victorious over his rivals, Agnan now had the power to carry out those changes. The first to come under his attention was the Tamashek caste system, which had been in place since 200 BCE, along with the practice of slavery. Although Agnan's campaign of reformation earned the ire of many aristocratic leaders of major tribes and noble bloodlines, his meritocratic reforms were well loved by the common people and Agnan would become one of the most influential and powerful figures alive at the time among the Tamashek tribes. He would serve as a unifying figure of many of the nomadic confederations, which would merge under his leadership into the Kel Kaharna, the precursor of modern day Charnea, in 844 CE. Agnan would not live to see his ambitions of a great Tamashek empire fulfilled, as he would soon die in 853 and be succeeded not by any of his natural sons, but by his protégé and adopted son who is known to history as [[Ihemod the Inheritor]].  
The [[Amizar of Charnea|Amizar]] is the elective, removable office that acts as chief of the Charnean Army and State. As the military commander in chief, the Amizar exercises total authority over the operations of the Army as well as the state administration. The legitimacy of an Amizar's administration and leadership of the military is legally supported by the Agraw Iktar, which holds the power to instate and recall an Amizar to and from office as the formal representative body of the military. The office has no established term limits, vesting in the Agraw the total authority to dictate how long a specific Amizar may hold the office. The only rule restricting the Agraw's ability to recall an Amizar from office is that a supermajority of 80% of the assembly is required to remove the Amizar if Charnea finds herself in a declared inter-state war, in contrast to the simple majority required in all other circumstances.  
===Military===
The [[Charnean Army]], commonly referred to as the ICA for its Tamashek initials ('''''I'''ɤrudan '''C'''harnan '''A'''jhanan'', meaning "Combined Charnean Army") is the professional military force of the Republic. It is an all-volunteer organization in which career-long service is common. The ICA practices a {{wp|Maneuver warfare|mobile art of war}} largely inherited from the nomadic military traditions of the Charnean [[Tenerians]] who have made up the vast majority of the ICA's manpower for all of its modern history. The combat elements of the ICA are organized into generally autonomous operational groups known as [[Agadegan|''Igadeganen'']] which include aviation, intelligence and logistics components in addition to the infantry, armor and artillery units typical of a conventional combined-arms force. Because of this all-inclusive organizational method, the Charnean military lacks any independent service branches such as an autonomous {{wp|air force}}. Although it retains the capacity for conventional warfare as a deterrent against foreign aggression, the Charnean Army is primarily equipped and trained for {{wp|Counterinsurgency|counterinsurgency}} and sustained {{wp|low-intensity conflict|low-intensity conflicts}} which have been the historical norm across central and eastern Scipia in general and Charnea in particular. Charnea's hybrid defense doctrine establishes the theoretical basis that inter-state warfare and counterinsurgency are neither distinct nor mutually exclusive, and promotes a material and operational approach capable of effectively engaging state and non-state opponents alike.  


Amenukal Ihemod posthumously carried out Agnan's will and led the nomads of the Zahra desert in a campaign of militarization and conquest, quickly leading to all out conflict with the Obulite kingdoms to the south. Although numerically inferior, mounted Tamashek warriors skilled with the bow and spear repeatedly proved more than a match for larger Obulite armies based on peasant levies and large quantities of poorly trained footmen with low morale, led by relatively small bodies of mounted warrior aristocrats. Ihemod's destruction of the Obulites did not stop on the battlefield, and recorded Tamashek atrocities against the Obulites are as well documented as they are numerous. By 861, the overall population of the Obulite territories had been reduced from an estimated 1.5 million to just over 400,000 by conservative estimates. Although the majority of the Tamashek tribes remained nomadic, many began to transition to a sedentary lifestyle in the now depopulated lands north of the Obul river. Part of this process included the foundation of a new imperial capital of [[Agnannet]] on the north bank of the Obul, and the subjugation of the remaining Obulites into a vassal kingdom south of the Obul river. Although the Kel Kaharna was decades old by this time, it is not until this point that historians consider it to have truly transformed into the Charnean Empire.  
Since the foundation of the Republic, the Charnean military has gained near-total political primacy through the establishment of stratocratic government. The Charnean Army has thus far rejected [[United_Communes_Defense_Forces#Unified_structure_and_elections|Talaharan-style]] military democracy out of concern that it would negatively effect cohesion and discipline within the ICA, instead establishing the Agraw Itkar as an organ external to military hierarchy to serve as the medium of expression for the Army's political will. As part of its assumption of political control over the country, the ICA has enforced its {{wp|Monopoly on violence|legal monopoly over force}} through the disarmament of paramilitary organizations and non-military security forces including municipal police, banning any non-military agent of the state from bearing arms in an official capacity. This action has effectively disbanded many policing organizations across the country, prompting the Army to assume an expanded role in Charnean internal security and law enforcement.
===Foreign relations===
Charnea maintains tentative diplomatic relations with the international community, suffering from a lack of legitimacy due to the recent establishment of the regime and Charnea's modern history of political upheaval. The Republic has frigid relations with most of its immediate neighbors on the Scipian continent due to historical grievances, ideological incompatibility, and the ramifications of Charnea's history of internal conflicts. Nevertheless, Charnea maintains friendly relations with the [[Itayana|Amayana]] states in the form of military and economic cooperation, particularly in the case of the [[Makgato|Amayana Makgato Federation]]. The Republic has also preserved the previous regime's well-established trading relationship with [[Tyreseia]] despite generally uneasy relations with the [[Rubric Coast Consortium]] to which Tyreseia is a party. On a global stage, Charnea maintains good relations with [[Mutul|the Mutul]] on the basis of shared cultural history and the diplomatic legacy of [[Jasaw Chan K'awiil IV]]. The diplomatic split between Charnea and the [[Periclean world]] which began during the [[Ninvite War]] has persisted to the present day, staining Charnea's international perception and serving to generally impede good diplomatic relations with [[Ajax#Belisaria|Belisarian]] and Periclean nations.  


Amenukal Ihemod's campaigns of expansion would not end with the fall of the Obulites however, as he and his successors would continue to launch incursions into neighboring lands. Such campaigns included expeditions towards the Periclean and the Ozeros coasts of northern and eastern Scipia. Although ultimately unsuccessful in their ambitions to subjugate the entire continent, the wide reaching turmoil and unprecedented unification brought about by the early Charnean Amenukals shaped the future of central Scipia nonetheless. Many groups across the continent found themselves displaced, assimilated or driven to extinction by the advancing Tamashek Charnean forces and their various vassal auxiliary forces. More importantly, the advent of the Charnean Empire breathed new life into overland trade routes crossing the Zahra desert, which began to reconnect distant regions of the Scipian continent through commerce. Although the imperial authorities and the original five Tamashek nations of the empire demanded tribute from conquered communities, some prospered nonetheless as they benefited from the opening of trade with the rest of the continent and the sharp decline in banditry that followed the rise of the Kel Kaharna.  
==Geography==
The territory of Charnea comprises {{Convert|2,130,656|km2}} of land, making it the largest country in Scipia by land area. Charnea is far larger in its {{wp|Longitude|longitudinal}} expanse than its dimensions in {{wp|latitude}}, with its far western tip at the border with [[Talahara]] being 3,160 kilometers west of its furthest eastern border section abutting [[Happara]]. This entire territory is considered part of the [[Ninva Desert|Ninva]], the continental desert spanning most of central Scipia of which Charnean territory makes up more than half of its total expanse. More than 90% of the country is classified as {{wp|Desert climate|arid desert}} with small portions of the southwest periphery falling under a {{wp|Semi-arid climate|semi-desert}} climate classification. The vast majority of this desert expanse has no permanent surface water, with the totality of the surface water in Charnea amounting to 0.084% of the country's total surface area or roughly 179 square kilometers. The principal locations of surface water in Charnea are the {{wp|inland delta}} of the [[Iza river]] in [[Achra]], as well as the [[Great Oasis]] and [[al-Kija river|Kija river]] in the far east.  
===Regions===


It is also in this period that a recognizable form of Charnean religion came about, thanks to the forcible merging of many cultures together under Charnean banners. Although Mother Kaharna had been deified since ancient times by the Tamashek, the formalization of Kaharnism centering around the worship of that figure came about in the year 999, along with the integration of Obulite {{wp|heliolatry}} as a syncretic element of the Tamashek faith. Concurrently, the focus of power in Agnannet shifted from the Kel Kaharna's original nature as a confederation of nomadic tribes. The Amenukal and the council of tribal elders continued to preside over the nomadic subjects of Charnea, which still formed the backbone of the Imperial military, while a hand picked administrator known as the Amenukal's Executor would form a circle of ministers and establish a government to oversee the settled peoples and occupied communities existing outside of the traditional structure of the Kel Kaharna's tribes.  
==Economy==
The Charnean economy is founded on a strong {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector}} sustained by a large urban workforce and extensive infrastructure investments. The formative development of the country's economy in the early 20th century preceded the discovery of significant mineral deposits in the Ninva desert by many decades. Lacking the potential for a lucrative {{wp|Primary sector of the economy|primary sector}} in the absence of agricultural potential or mineral wealth, Charnean industrial planning focused on establishing a manufacturing sector based on the raw materials that could be readily and cheaply imported from neighboring Scipian countries by rail. The center and west of the country specialized in textiles produced using cotton imported from [[Itayana]], while the near and far east of the country established a copper-based metalworking economy importing raw materials from [[Fahran]] and [[Kembesa]] through [[Happara|Happaran]]-owned east Scipian railways. The discovery of buried petroleum reserves in the far east and far west in the 1960s opened the door for {{wp|Chemical industry|petrochemical production}} and the rise of the Charnean {{wp|plastics industry}}, the third component of the "Charnean Trinity" along with textiles and metal products. Mineral extraction has emerged as an important component of the national economy since modern prospecting technologies helped discover previously unknown resource deposits in the Ninva desert, but is primarily oriented toward supporting domestic manufacturing rather than exporting raw materials directly. Agriculture is likewise oriented toward domestic demand as the high costs associated with Charnean agricultural production make exports generally unprofitable. As a result of these factors stemming from environmental conditions and its mode of industrialization, the Charnean economy has remained in a state of secondary sector primacy throughout its modern history.  


===Warring tribes period===
Charnea is known for its centralized, often highly restrictive economic planning governed by regional governmental organizations such as the [[Achra#Achra_TET|Achra TET]] that direct local development and establish regulation on the use of local resources. The dominant economic model in Charnea, especially in the country's industrialized urban zones, is a form of {{wp|corporatism|corporatist}} {{wp|state capitalism}} in which the state is both directly involved (through state enterprise) and indirectly involved (through regional development organs) in economic activity. The Charnean system has greatly benefitted a small number of major industrial conglomerates, known as "Combines" (ⴻⵔⵜⴻⵢ, ''Ertey'') in Charnean parlance, which have prospered from close cooperation and a reciprocal business relationship with the state. Private entities such as the [[Mamala Combine]] as well as state enterprises like [[COPEC]] individually account for significant portions of the national GDP, making Charnea one of the most consolidated economies in the world in terms of ownership and corporate structures.


===New Confederation period===
The modern form of Charnea was established under the second confederation by a general congress of tribes in Agnannet, known as the Congress of Eight Nations, on the 25th of February, 1816. Many talks between the disparate tribal states in the north and petty Kingdoms in the south had occurred in the lead up to the Congress. This wave of unity had been spurred on by the rapidly increasing foreign interest in the region, and the threat of subjugation to foreign colonial powers, which the warring governments of Charnea hoped to stave of by working together, especially by combining their military commands with the intention of throwing out any colonial incursions into historically Charnean lands with overwhelming numbers. Although many of the nations attending the Congress spoke different language, held differing religious beliefs, and were generally distinct culturally as well as politically from one another, all of them held shared history as long occupied territories of the former Empire of Charnea, and had been deeply influenced by northern Tamashek culture as the longest held regions of the Empire. Particularly, most of the remaining states in the lands of Charnea were local successor states to the old Empire and had viewed reunification positively, despite repeated disagreements and conflicts with their fellow successor states. Although it required the settling of by now long held grudges and disputes as a prerequisite, reunification of the old imperial confederation of the Charnean Empire was generally viewed favorably. Eventually, a new system was drafted by which many of the Empire of Charnea era political systems would be restored while also placing new emphasis on a devolved confederal nature, declassifying this new Charnea from being termed an Empire, defaulting instead to the Confederal nomenclature.


The [[Edict of Agnannet]] was later issued as an announcement of the resolutions agreed to within the 1816 Congress of Eight Nations, outlining the nature of the new Charnean confederation and affirming the will of each of the attending parties to assent to the terms laid out and join their forces with the new Charnean Confederation. In the absence of a formal constitution, the Edict of Agnannet has served as an ad hoc constitution by later governments of the Confederation, particularly as a means to refer back to the original intentions and terms of the Founders, those leaders and delegates that through their participation and consent brought about the second confederation.


For many years following this new unification, the Charnean Confederation perused a degree of rapid modernization and adoption of new technology, particularly of a military nature, in an effort to further protect itself and its constituent members from foreign aggression and influence which had been the primary motivation of the reunification. The railroad and foreign drill and military organization were adopted during this early period, from 1816 to approximately 1860, a period known as the Rule of the Founders, although generally many of the Founders died or stepped down, their ruling style and objectives continued by their heirs and allies in their stead.


After 1860, Charnea had been armed with up to date foreign weapons and tactics, and its unification had successfully insulated it from most foreign incursion. Indeed, in 1866 the Charnean Confederation annexed the Urush region and the ex-colonial city of Koros in what modern historians have termed an ironic reversal of Charnea's anti-colonial founding sentiments, as many of the Urushar local peoples were not granted the same representative rights and self determination as had been enshrined in the Edict of Agnannet for other groups residing in Charnea, even those outside the Eight Nations. Following this begins an era known as the Rule of the Land Masters, generally described as beginning in the 1860s and terminating around 1910, characterized as a period of expanding power of landlords and decline of the original founding states and parties of the Confederation, which found themselves increasingly at the mercy of landowners and private business forces. Many internal conflicts began to arise among the Charnean people, as the forces of the modern world exemplified by the new landlord class and the advancing mining industry clashed with local peoples and tribal groups. Many Charneans, finding themselves pushed out of ancestral lands, denied water or otherwise put down by these new powers over the land began to resort to insurgent resistance, banditry, and early forms of terrorism, as is the case with such well known figures as [[Lamine ag Sahra]] and [[Red Hands Rali]].
below this text is out of date


Many of the trends of the Rule of Land Masters continued into the later eras of the early and middle 20th century, known both as the Gold Time and as the Rule of City Kings, which saw not only the boom of gold and nickel mining in Charnea, but also the beginning of the lucrative petroleum industry. The Charnean economy, previously dominated by agriculture, pastoralism and hand-crafts was in this era totally transformed into an industrial primary sector economy of mineral exploitation, triggering a wave of urbanization and modernization in the country. This brought widespread expansion of railroads and roadways across the country, advent of the telegraph and telephone, and electrification, sanitation, and other practices which accompanied the sudden growth of many Charnean cities. In addition to these technological and infrastructural improvements however, the Rule of City Kings also saw the birth of an entirely new form of social conflict between the new caste of industrial workers and the owners of businesses and the well connected upper class of this new Charnean society, seeing the birth of the Charnean labor movement, unionization of miners and numerous resulting labor conflicts between syndical groups, worker militias, private security and mercenary forces hired by private companies, and local and national police which were punctuated by political instability and the ongoing previous conflicts between the modernizing forces and the old traditional groups of Charnea which viewed both big business interests and the industrial workforce as threats to their own way of life.


The majority academic opinion contends that the Rule of City Kings ends in the 1960s with the death of [[Mzagar ag Mawa|Amenukal Mzagar]] and the rise of power of [[Zaragan Zina|Amenukal Zaragan]] and his infamous Executor [[Baseel Madoun]]. Modernization and self reliance plans made at the tail end of Mzagar's reign, such as the [[New Dawn Plan]], many of which where later adapted by Madoun's administration are generally taken to signify the final point of transition in Charnean history, delineating the point when Charnea could be considered to have fully entered the industrial world, although this is contested by scholars which point to the continued survival of traditional ways of life in Charnea despite the undeniable industrial expansion across much of the Confederation. The period following this end of traditional Charnean history is divided generally into the Madoun Era and the Lamine era, describing the period of Madoun's administration which survived two Amenukals, characterized by some nationalization and centralization measures largely in corrupt self service for the ruling faction and powerful political figures as well as the general turmoil brought about by the [[East Scipian Wars]], followed by the aftermath of these conflicts, the [[Triple Coup]], and the following Lamine regime which as ruled Charnea from the end of 2000 onwards.


==Government and Politics==
The structure of the Charnean government, although featuring many alterations and adaptations, remains rooted in the government model of the old Charnean empire, the current confederation's predecessor state. In this model, executive power is split between the separate heads of state and government, these being the royal Amenukal and the bureaucratically appointed Executor. Legislative power is similarly devolved between the Council of Eight representing the leadership interests of each particular party to the Charnean confederation alongside the General Assembly which more directly represents popular will, both of which belong to the overall Confederate Convocation serving as the total legislative body at the upper level of Charnean government. The Confederate Convocation is housed in a complex known as the Water Palace, a former leisure palace located adjacent to the Red Palace which in turn houses the Amenukal's apartments and the Executorial complex. Both of these buildings originally date to the medieval period and are found in the similarly aged walled Old City district of the Charnean capital of Agnannet. Power held in Agnannet is typically weaker than the devolved power vested in the national governments which make up the confederation, although there are certain exceptions.


===Legislative Assemblies===
===Manufacturing===
The Confederate Convocation itself is unusual in its structure and daily function in a number of ways. Most striking is the general lack of permanent standing political parties which extends not only to confederal level politics but also to its sub-nations to a degree. While political blocs do exist, they are typically transient alliances between representatives or sections of the electorate based on common cause over a particular dispute, and broad partisan alliances running elections for numerous offices generally do not enter into existence long term. Representatives are grouped together much more as a function of the regions and ethnic groups they represent as opposed to particular alliances and ties within Agnannet. Additionally, the Convocation itself is bicameral as it contains two distinct representative bodies, however both bodies do not work together or interact to produce legislation and instead each body of the Convocation has a specific purpose that it fulfills exclusively and with little interaction with its counterpart.  
[[File:Plexico.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Main production hall of the Aghzu plastics factory, equipped with advanced computerized custom molding equipment]]
The {{wp|Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector}} of the Charnean economy is highly consolidated, with more than three quarters of all economic activity within the manufacturing industries being consolidated within just three major conglomerates. These are [[Ishar Consortium|Ishar]], [[Plexico]] and [[Akundar Industrial Combine|Akundar]], together known as the "big three". Plexico, an enormous {{wp|Plastics industry|plastics industry}} corporation, is by far the largest of the big three. It serves as one of the main suppliers of basic as well as complex plastic products on a global scale, accounting for the majority of Charnean exports of plastic products which in total account for some 17% of the national GDP. Plexico's plastic products range from highly complex and heavily engineered medical grade items to cheap mass produced industrial components such as plastic pipes. The company is also one of the largest contributors to the worldwide supply of the plastics industry's most basic material, the {{wp|Nurdle (bead)|pre-production plastic pellets}} which serve as the main input of all plastic products. Of the big three, Plexico is the most politically connected with an especially close business relationship with COPEC as its main supplier of key petrochemicals for the production of plastic materials. Plexico wields outsized political influence thanks to its status as the largest company in Charnea by revenue and one of the country's largest employers. Plexico grew to this immense size through the constant financial support and legal acquiescence of the Charnean government which invested heavily in growing the domestic plastics industry in the 1960s and and 70s, capitalizing on the incredibly low cost of the petrochemicals in the domestic market needed as inputs for the industry as well as the effects of the {{wp|demographic dividend}} which Charnea was experiencing in those decades. The main campuses of Plexico's plastics empire are Aghzu factory located in Agnannet, Aszar in [[Ekelhoc]] and the Thalsa facility in [[Tezzat]], all of which are found in close proximity to COPEC refineries and chemical plants which supply these factories with their raw materials. Plexico's monopoly on the Charnean plastics industry stems from its access to the financial rescources of the Charnean state and its international backers, which have allowed it to dominate the market in which other firms struggle to surpass the high financial and technological barriers of entry.  


The smaller of the two Convocation bodies is the Council of Eight, which is composed of eight parties made up of nine delegates each collectively representing one of the eight national subdivisions across Charnea. Consequently, extra-national territories such as [[East Charnea Territory]] have no representation in the Council. The role of the Council is to check executive power, particularly to ensure the rule of Confederation executives is generally aligned with the desires of subordinated national groups and their leadership. Many Executorial actions can be vetoed or upheld by a vote of the Council, and certain executive actions and indeed be initiated by Council vote. Each of the eight delegations is split into three trios of delegates, which individually vote on an issue. If at least two of the delegates vote a certain way, the trio will assume that vote. In turn, a minimum of two of the three trios in the delegation must agree in order to proceed and have the delegation declare its position according to the consensus. A full five of the eight delegations in the Council must reach consensus for the Council to conclude its voting, with debate and discussion between delegates permitted at every stage for the purposes of reaching consensus. If at any point a consensus among the delegates cannot be reached, be it by abstaining delegates or a simple tie at the final phase, the motion is tabled and the process must start over from the beginning.  
Besides plastics manufacturing which is highly consolidated under Plexico, the Charnean manufacturing sector also includes the production of of vehicles and transportation-related goods, metal products such as copper wire, and other low-complexity consumer grade products which fall under the category of {{wp|light industry}}. These sectors are largely consolidated into the Akundar-Ishar {{wp|duopoly}}, with neither conglomerate holding or seeking an outright monopoly over any one sector while both entities are subject to economic interdependence as part of a wider industrial {{wp|oligopoly}}. Akundar is the main producer of {{wp|Rolling stock|rolling stock}} through its Agnannet-based subsidiary [[Akundar Transportation]], while Ishar holds a greater degree of market presence among rail operators, giving both companies a great deal of control over the all-important Charnean railway network and the industries which support its infrastructure. The [[Ahuriri Aerospace|Ahuriri Corporation]] represents an outside power in the transport-manufacturing industry in Charnea, as an [[Onekawa-Nukanoa|Onekawan]] firm which has expanded operations of its aircraft manufacturing industry into Charnea in recent years. This move, as well as the investment in the vehicular manufacturing and industrial sectors in general, has been indirectly subsidized by the Charnean defense industry which itself is almost entirely propped up by lucrative contracts awarded by the [[Charnean Army]]. Domestic Charnean defense industry firms such as [[Eruere Enterprises]] and the [[Akayon Corporation]] benefit greatly from the supporting network of industry of the big three as well as the smaller firms.


Much larger than the Council of Eight, the General Assembly is the central body of the legislature and carries out the heavy lifting of writing, revising and passing bills into law through a vote of representatives. There are in the present day 441 seats in the General Assembly of the Convocation, and the number of seats is linked to the population of regions, and so can increase or fluctuate according to the recorded population in the most recent census. Voting in the General Assembly is carried out in a much more straightforward simple majority or supermajority wins, depending on the matter being legislated. Unlike Council delegates, which are selected by the leadership bodies of their respective national groups, Assembly representatives are elected by popular vote within their respective legislative districts, and so are intended to represent the popular will. The majority of laws put in place at the confederal level by this General Assembly are optionally enforced across Charnea, with individual states within the confederation being able to locally uphold or overrule laws. However, with a motion to ratify, the General Assembly can call the Council of Eight to vote on a law that has already been passed in one of the rare interactions between the bodies. If the Council upholds the law, no lower national government may further overrule that piece of legislation and all parties will be bound to enforce the law.  
===Agriculture===
{{main|Agriculture in Charnea}}
[[File:Roadside desert agriculture, Zagora, Morocco (5491386219).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Agricultural field in the Charnean desert, protected from the wind and sand by a {{wp|windbreak}} of palms]]
As a desert nation, Charnea faces significant challenges in the development of its agriculture and domestic food production. Charnea has extremely low overall rainfall, with most of the nation's water supply coming from groundwater aquifers which are tightly regulated by the Charnean government due to the political and strategic considerations surrounding the extremely sensitive, scarce and crucial resource. In addition, Charnean farmers battle the often terrible physical and chemical characteristics and low fertility of the desert soil. These factors act to hinder the process of cultivation and food production in the desert. Nevertheless, Charnean farmers have persisted despite the adversity and have perfected methods of agriculture specifically adapted to the arid conditions through the millennia of human habitation in the region. Domestic cereal production is centered around the cultivation of {{wp|millet}}, {{wp|barley}} and {{wp|flax}}, especially the native cultivars of these crops which are uniquely hardy and drought resistant making them far better adapted to the conditions than foreign staples such as wheat and rice. Production of {{wp|mesquite flour}} from the invasive and widespread {{wp|Prosopis glandulosa|honey mesquite tree}} is common in many parts of the Tenere region of the desert, where it was introduced by [[Mutulese Global Circuit|Mutulese traders]] centuries ago. Other arboreal cultivations include {{wp|Date palm|date palms}} for fruit production as well as {{wp|Pistacia lentiscus|mastic}} and {{wp|Gum arabic|gum acacia}} which produce aromatic resin in high demand both locally and internationally.  


===Executive Power===
The specificities of Charnean agriculture have a significant effect on the diet of the local people, distinguishing their cuisine from that of related {{wp|Berbers|Amaziɣ}} and comparable desert-dwelling peoples such as the Gharibs. For example, Talaharan {{wp|couscous}} made from wheat {{wp|semolina}} differs noticeably in flavor and consistency from its Charnean equivalent which is made from pearl millet. The Charnean diet and its associated food industries are also highly influenced by the Tenerian traditions of animal husbandry, particularly the herding of camels. This activity has been industrialized and intensified over the last century, although it retains at its core many of the practices of the nomadic ancestors of the modern Tenerians. Camels are widely raised by large family owned enterprises across Charnea for their meat, hide and especially their milk. Charnea is the largest producer of {{wp|camel milk}} in the world, with a near totality of this industry's output aimed at the large domestic market for the milk itself as well as the yoghurt that can be made from it.  
In formal terms, the Amenukal of Charnea as elected and enthroned by the tribes of the confederation holds an absolute degree of power over Charnea and her government, empowered with the full authority of the tribes that raised them to the throne. In practical terms, however, the [[Edict of Agnannet]] which serves as the informal Charnean constitution defines the role of the monarch as the head of state and the commander in chief of the combined forces of the confederated tribes, while the majority of the civic executive responsibilities and powers are vested in a separate Executor office which in turn serves as the head of government. An Amenukal is theoretically the superior of the Executor, as they personally select their preferred candidate to fill the position, and may indeed throw out and replace their Executor at any time with full authorization to use their position as commander in chief to force them out if need be. However, despite this clear senior-junior relationship between the two Charnean chief executives, the Amenukal is not empowered to assume the role of their Executor and may not infringe on Executorial powers. The only way the Amenukal may control Executorial actions is simply by choosing or replacing the Executor of the confederation.  


While the Amenukal commands the military and paramilitary elements of the confederation and serves as the conduit for symbolic authority from the confederation's member parties to the confederal government, it is the Executor's role to function as a general executive and administrator for the confederation. Nations within Charnea may enjoy varying degrees of autonomy, particularly the nomadic Tamashek nations which are almost entirely self-governing, yet a majority of the Charnean population resides in settled areas with far less autonomous governments, and so a wide array of government programs and departments come in to play, not only enforcing criminal and civil laws put in place by the Convocation, but also providing services to the people in the name of the Amenukal and the combined nations of Charnea. Provision of public education, healthcare, and transportation, as well as housing, infrastructure, and the administration of civil justice all fall under the Executorial purview. To fulfill these various duties, the Executor has a cabinet of ministers and advisors at their disposal known as the Circle of Ministers, or simply the Circle, which not only individually manage particular duties and regions of executive management but may also collectively carry out more complex executive tasks at the direction of their Executor. Executors do not have terms or term limits, and serve for as long as their Amenukal allows, which may vary from a few years to a lifetime appointment. Likewise, the scope of their authority can be fairly broad, restricted only by the enshrined autonomy of particular subordinate bodies. To check this power, not only can the Executor be replaced by the Amenukal, an elected monarch representing the combined nations of Charnea, but may also have particular executive actions taken by them or by their Circle overturned by the legislative Council of Eight, which likewise represents the combined nations of Charnea. Therefore, Executorial power may be extensive but it may not supersede the collective authority of the Charnean national governments, a restriction enforced by two entirely distinct entities.  
Charnea is a major importer of foodstuffs and agricultural products, and has been so consistently since the 1940s when urbanization and population growth propelled the demand for food beyond what the Charnean agricultural sector could supply. All Charnean production of foodstuffs through crop cultivation and animal husbandry today accounts for less than half of the total food supply in the country and less than 10% of all economic activity by value, with major imports of non-perishable canned goods, cereal grains, legumes and processed foods accounting for a large portion of the national food supply in Charnea. The cost to import these items by rail from neighboring nations contributes to the inflation of food prices in Charnea, an important political issue for the Charnean government and a source of public unrest in the country. The Charnean state has engaged in a policy of stockpiling reserves of non-perishable and shelf-stable food products in government run warehouses in order to mitigate the economic and political fallout of any serious trade disruption which could send food prices skyrocketing.
===Tourism===
[[File:The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel (8300656204).jpg|200px|thumb|left|The [[Thirteen Heaven Casino]]]]
The development of the Charnean {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sectors}} has been based primarily on the tourism industry. From the lavish palaces of the Imperial era to the pre-Imperial ancient monuments of the Tenerian and Deshrian civilizations, Charnea has a great many historically significant and impressive sites which have been converted into tourist attractions, most often by the local communities which rely on the income collected from visitors to sustain themselves. Many enterprises have been established in the rural regions of the country to organize tours aimed at foreign visitors, with the natural beauty of the Charnean desert landscape as the main selling point. As with the historical attractions, these are mainly operated by local families to gain a higher level of income that would otherwise be possible in the native region. These sub-sectors of the tourism industry have been the hardest hit by the dips in tourist travel to Charnea that has come as a result of the country's recent political instability.  


===Constituent Nations and Political Divisions===
By contrast, major hospitality firms operating in the great cities have been only marginally affected thanks to their devoted clientele of foreign visitors. These establishments capitalize on Charnea's legal gambling and prostitution as well as its permissive drug laws to attract visitors, especially from more restrictive parts of the world, to patronize their large {{wp|casino}}-{{wp|Resort|resorts}}. The majority of these hospitality industry establishments can be found in Agnannet and [[Tanitnet]] in commercial districts which have a high density of businesses catering specifically to a clientele of foreign visitors. These districts, known in Charnea as ''Talyat'' districts, are well known for their safety with the local law enforcement and at times even the local branch of the Charnean [[Alxalat]] syndicate paying special attention to the safety of foreign visitors from all forms of crime and even petty harassment. Tourism is a relatively non-consolidated industry, making it somewhat unique in the landscape of the Charnean economy, with very few establishments being part of any sort of wider company or chain. The Ishar Consortium is the only major Charnean corporation to have entered into the tourism industry, operatingtwo casino-resorts in Tanitnet and one in Agnannet. For the most part, the tourism industry in Charnea is dominated by small-scale {{wp|entrepreneurship}} driven by individual owner-operators or in some cases family-ownership.


===Law===
==Demographics==
The Charnea legal code is build on the basis of the medieval Imperial Charnean code of laws, which itself was based on the traditional legal systems of the Tamashek desert nomads, although entire sections of the modern code have been entirely rewritten or rationalized either by the Founders of the new confederation in the early 19th century or by subsequent leaders and assemblies of the legislature. The legal code is based on {{wp|civil law}} practices with a central cohesive code of law established by legislative authorities and applied by executive power, which are universal except where they contradict the legal codes of constituent nations, which are similarly based on a civil law code with the exception of certain nomadic groups which internally apply {{wp:common law}} practices. The confederal level courts along with the majority of subordinate courts additionally adhere to an {{wp|Inquisitorial system}}, wherein agents of the Court as opposed to separate police elements are responsible for investigating and gathering evidence to prosecute the case. This is intended to reduce instances of police bias and increase the legal accountability of policing elements, as the Court agents investigating alleged wrongdoing are entirely distinct from rank and file law enforcement personnel in most jurisdictions. Those exceptional constituent groups that practice common law lack this Inquisitorial system and instead follow an {{wp|adversarial system}} wherein defendants and plaintiffs both present their arguments and independently collected evidence before an impartial tribal Arbiter who then adjudicates the case.
===Religion===
 
{{bar box
All jurisdictions of Charnea employ capital punishment for criminal cases, and many additionally make use of imprisonment and penal servitude, which is functionally a form of prison labor. Although redemption and correction of a convicted person's character are typically pursued, the general aim of incarceration in Charnea is repayment of moral and material wrongs through service, typically taking the form of menial labor. Nomadic jurisdictions do not practice imprisonment and generally sentence convicted persons with banishment or the death penalty, with certain cases being voluntarily handed over to Confederate authorities by the local Arbiters to be tried and sentenced through the confederal system. In some jurisdictions, a practice known as Retaliatory Justice exists wherein certain offenses are excused and annulled by the court if they are found to be justified or proportional to wrongs inflicted on the perpetrator of the retaliatory action by the victim, although recent legislation has restricted the extent of this practice with the intent of curbing vigilantism.
|title = Religion in Charnea
 
|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religion|right1=Percent |float=right
===Military===
|bars =
{{main|Inter-Charnean Army}}
{{bar percent|[[Ashni Addin]]|Red|71}}
 
{{bar percent|[[Azdarin]]|DarkBlue|13}}
The Charnean military follows the devolved political structure of Charnea as a confederated military force made up of the specific armed forces of the constituent nations operating under a unified confederate command structure known as the Inter-Charnean Army or ICA. The ICA includes paramilitary and irregular forces operating under constituent armed forces. However, the Charnean military had previously deviated from this structure under the 1899 Armed Forces Reform which disarmed the constituent nations and centralized the Confederate military, a status quo that was effectively undone in the turmoil of the [[East Scipian Wars]] and formally repealed under the Lamine regime in 2002, which saw the restoration of a confederal mode of national defense. Component forces are typically trained and specialized by their respective nations to operate in their varied local environments, leading to a high degree of variation in equipment and tactics across the ICA, ranging from combined arms urban warfare doctrines utilized in the developed and densely populated southern regions to the highly irregular, mobility based insurgent warfare endemic to the Zahra desert commonly employed by militias of nomadic populations. The ICA is primarily a ground based organization, although it does feature a subordinate army air-force known as the ICAA (Inter-Charnean Army Airforce). Maritime operations conducted off of Charnea's small coastline are relatively insignificant and have few resources allocated to them which makes them strategically insignificant enough to lack a dedicated subordinate force, instead placing these light maritime duties in the charge of local constituent army units.
{{bar percent|[[Coptic Nazarism]]|Green|10}}
 
{{bar percent|[[White Path|Shaddijat]]|DarkGrey|4}}
==Geography and Climate==
{{bar percent|Other|Grey|2}}
 
}}
==Economy==
The Economy of Charnea is a strong primary sector economy, primarily exporting mineral resources and petroleum and importing most manufactured goods and a measured amount of agricultural products. Industrialization is a high priority for the current Lamine regime, and is planned to be carried out through {{wp:Import substitution industrialization}} specifically of manufactured or processed products based on resources exported by Charnea, for example the refining and manufacture of petroleum products such as kerosene, gasoline, and petroleum derived manufactured products such as plastics. Laminid economic plans of this nature are typically focused on industrial products wholly or mostly derived from materials already exploited by the Charnean mining and petroleum industries, and generally do not apply to goods that are either several levels of complexity removed from current Charnean manufacturing ambitions, or are manufactured using a majority of materials not readily available to the Charnean domestic market without importation of materials. The primary sector also features a rice-based agricultural sector, which has enabled Charnea to be largely self-sufficient on foodstuffs, with importations for the most part being limited to products that cannot grow in Charnea and are not basic staples. The Charnean economy currently depends on its exported mineral wealth, which is directed primarily to Oxidentale and trading partners such as [[Sante Reze]], [[Yisrael]], and [[Mutul]], in addition to developed [[Ajax#Belisaria|Belisarian]] and [[Ajax#Ochran|Ochrani]] markets. The Charnean currency, the Dinar, has suffered fluctuations historically but is relatively stable in the present day with inflation under control.
 
===Energy===
The energy sector is of particular concern to the Charnean confederation, as profits generated by the state owned petroleum and energy infrastructure firm [[COPEC]] nearly supersede taxation as the confederate government's source of income. Oil rich regions are located in the northwest and far east of Charnea, around the frontiers of the Zahra desert, and are exclusively exploited by COPEC since the 1979 Petroleum Nationalization Law. Refining and petrochemical manufacture were previously contracted out to foreign companies by COPEC or else simply done overseas after the exportation of crude oil from Charnean ports, although this has largely transitioned to domestic operations wholly owned and operated by COPEC under the Laminid industrialization plan. Additionally, electrical generation is run by the state corporation and is largely specialized in solar generation, replacing older coal and oil fired fossil fuel generation plants. Wind energy is secondarily perused, to a more limited extent. Unlike the petroleum industry, COPEC does not have a national monopoly on power generation although it does control a large portion of the market as the primary investor and developer of new energy infrastructure.
 
===Transportation===


===Recycling===
===Urbanism===
Charnea is well known for its recycling industry, which is locally referred to as the reclamation industry. This sector of the Charnean economy, widely practiced in southern regions of the country, is based on the importation of foreign industrial and consumer waste products typically by rail or by sea to be processed by comparatively cheap Charnean labor. Reclamation firms in Charnea draw their profits from selling salvaged materials back onto the market as cheaper alternatives to what are called first generation materials, such as plastic pellets made from recycled plastic waste as opposed to being produced directly from petroleum products. [[Wikipedia:Ship breaking|Ship breaking]] is also a hallmark activity of the Charnean reclamation industry, making the Charnean coast and particularly the port of Koros international hotspots for the disposal of commercial ships, where the vessels are cheaply demolished and taken apart for the purposes of extracting raw materials and metal scrap.


===Ethnicity===




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[[Category:Countries (Ajax)]]
[[Category:MT]]
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[[Category:Monarchies]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Monarchies (Ajax)]]
[[Category:Republics (Ajax)]]
[[Category:Confederacies]]
[[Category:Unitary states]]

Latest revision as of 21:35, 21 November 2024

Republic of Charnea
ⴰⵊⴰⵎⵀⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ
Ajamhurya n Charnea
Flag of Charnea
Flag
Seal of Charnea
Seal
CHARMAPLOWRES.png
Capital
and largest city
Agnannet
Official languagesNone
Recognised national languagesTamashek (de facto)
Recognised regional languagesRandeshret
Tamahaq
Tawellemmet
Darja
Ethnic groups
(2024)
Demonym(s)Charnean
GovernmentUnitary stratocratic republic
• Amizar
Khyar Aziouel
LegislatureAgraw Itkar
Area
• Total Area
2,130,656 km2 (822,651 sq mi)
• Water (%)
0.084%
Population
• 2022 estimate
27,023,983
• 2020 census
26,995,572
• Density
12.68/km2 (32.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)estimate
• Total
$599 billion
• Per capita
$22,179.45
Gini44.4
medium
HDI0.801
very high
CurrencyAzref
Aga
Date formatmm.dd.yyyy
Driving sideright

Charnea, officially the Republic of Charnea (Tamashek: ⴰⵊⴰⵎⵀⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ, Ajamhurya n Charnea), is a landlocked country in central Scipia. The territory of Charnea spans the majority of the Ninva desert, bounded by the Arwa range in the west and the Kija river in the east. Charnea is bordered to the north by Talahara, Tyreseia, Khemetu and Alanahr, to the east by Happara, Fahran and Kembesa, and along the mountainous southern boundary by M'biruna and the Amayana Makgato and Solar Temple states of the Karana basin. Agnannet is the capital and primate city of Charnea, located in the urbanized Achra triangle.

The Republic is a military democracy established by elements of the Charnean Army following the political disintegration of the Charnean Empire in the mid-2010s. The Ihemodian Revival, a Ninvite pan-nationalist movement invoking the historical legacy of the 14th century conqueror Ihemod Imekkusa, is the dominant political current in the Republic. While the Revivalists generally seek to integrate Charnea's large historically marginalized minorities such as the Deshrians and Darja speaking Hatherians into the new Republican society, the legislature, national bureaucracy and Army remain in the hands of the Tenerian majority, particularly Ajamites of rural nomadic extraction in the latter case.

Charnea undertook a program of intensive industrialization beginning in the early 20th century, transforming the country through a state capitalist model of centralized economic planning. Although lucrative resource beds would later be discovered, much of Charnea's formative economic development driven by an apparent dearth of natural resources in the Charnean Ninva would focus on establishing a carefully planned manufacturing sector supplied with imported raw materials by the Trans-Ninvite Railway. The scarcity of water in particular established a pattern of development which favored economic and demographic consolidation into highly concentrated urban zones emerging where local water resources could sustain them, connected to resource beds, international commerce and to each other by the rail network. Despite the harmful effects of recent political instability and long-term social inequality, the Charnean economy has transformed the inhospitable Ninva into a modern and developed country.

Etymology

The exact origins and meaning of the name of Charnea is heavily in dispute. The prevailing theory is that the modern Charna as it is rendered in Tamashek is a corruption of the Deshrian word Shasramt meaning "traveling people" referring to the ancestors of the Tenerians who reverted to a nomadic pastoral lifestyle following the collapse of the urbanized Tamazghan Confederation in the 3rd century. Shasramt was likely adopted as a term for the lands and peoples of the central Ninva desert some time after the rise of the Ihemodian Empire. The Tenerian endonym for the land is simply Tenere meaning "desert", referring to the arid landscape of the Ninva. However, this term is generally applied only to the historically Tenerian region of the western Ninva. The Ninva east of the Adjer mountains instead bears the Hatherian name of Zahra which has the same meaning as Tenere.

History

Government

The Republic of Charnea is a democratic stratocracy in which political rights are contingent on voluntary national service in the Charnean Army or a military sanction. Like the Charnean Empire that preceded it, the Republic does not have a formal constitution. The mechanisms of the Republic's government and democratic system are instead outlined in the 2018 Edicts of Agnannet which established a parliamentary system of government in which the right to vote and hold office would be granted to anyone who completes a 2-year period of military service, while the 2022 Declaration of Principles would later allow for meritorious non-military forms of service to be rewarded with an official sanction granting the same rights. The closest analogue to the unorthodox Charnean system is the federal military regime in neighboring East Itayana.

The Agraw Itkar is the supreme legislative assembly of the Republic, comprised of deputies representing the eligible electorate both within and without the active military. Voting districts of the Agraw, where are known as Corps, are not geographically demarcated and are instead defined by the formation in which a voter preformed their service. Corps which are deemed to be too large to adequately represent its members are split into smaller bodies by the national Elections Council, itself a subdivision of the Agraw which also oversees the dispensation of military sanctions to civilians. All national elections are carried out using a block approval methodology. In addition to legislation, the Agraw also serves as the supreme judicial organ of the Republic overseeing all civilian and military courts in Charnea.

The Amizar is the elective, removable office that acts as chief of the Charnean Army and State. As the military commander in chief, the Amizar exercises total authority over the operations of the Army as well as the state administration. The legitimacy of an Amizar's administration and leadership of the military is legally supported by the Agraw Iktar, which holds the power to instate and recall an Amizar to and from office as the formal representative body of the military. The office has no established term limits, vesting in the Agraw the total authority to dictate how long a specific Amizar may hold the office. The only rule restricting the Agraw's ability to recall an Amizar from office is that a supermajority of 80% of the assembly is required to remove the Amizar if Charnea finds herself in a declared inter-state war, in contrast to the simple majority required in all other circumstances.

Military

The Charnean Army, commonly referred to as the ICA for its Tamashek initials (Iɤrudan Charnan Ajhanan, meaning "Combined Charnean Army") is the professional military force of the Republic. It is an all-volunteer organization in which career-long service is common. The ICA practices a mobile art of war largely inherited from the nomadic military traditions of the Charnean Tenerians who have made up the vast majority of the ICA's manpower for all of its modern history. The combat elements of the ICA are organized into generally autonomous operational groups known as Igadeganen which include aviation, intelligence and logistics components in addition to the infantry, armor and artillery units typical of a conventional combined-arms force. Because of this all-inclusive organizational method, the Charnean military lacks any independent service branches such as an autonomous air force. Although it retains the capacity for conventional warfare as a deterrent against foreign aggression, the Charnean Army is primarily equipped and trained for counterinsurgency and sustained low-intensity conflicts which have been the historical norm across central and eastern Scipia in general and Charnea in particular. Charnea's hybrid defense doctrine establishes the theoretical basis that inter-state warfare and counterinsurgency are neither distinct nor mutually exclusive, and promotes a material and operational approach capable of effectively engaging state and non-state opponents alike.

Since the foundation of the Republic, the Charnean military has gained near-total political primacy through the establishment of stratocratic government. The Charnean Army has thus far rejected Talaharan-style military democracy out of concern that it would negatively effect cohesion and discipline within the ICA, instead establishing the Agraw Itkar as an organ external to military hierarchy to serve as the medium of expression for the Army's political will. As part of its assumption of political control over the country, the ICA has enforced its legal monopoly over force through the disarmament of paramilitary organizations and non-military security forces including municipal police, banning any non-military agent of the state from bearing arms in an official capacity. This action has effectively disbanded many policing organizations across the country, prompting the Army to assume an expanded role in Charnean internal security and law enforcement.

Foreign relations

Charnea maintains tentative diplomatic relations with the international community, suffering from a lack of legitimacy due to the recent establishment of the regime and Charnea's modern history of political upheaval. The Republic has frigid relations with most of its immediate neighbors on the Scipian continent due to historical grievances, ideological incompatibility, and the ramifications of Charnea's history of internal conflicts. Nevertheless, Charnea maintains friendly relations with the Amayana states in the form of military and economic cooperation, particularly in the case of the Amayana Makgato Federation. The Republic has also preserved the previous regime's well-established trading relationship with Tyreseia despite generally uneasy relations with the Rubric Coast Consortium to which Tyreseia is a party. On a global stage, Charnea maintains good relations with the Mutul on the basis of shared cultural history and the diplomatic legacy of Jasaw Chan K'awiil IV. The diplomatic split between Charnea and the Periclean world which began during the Ninvite War has persisted to the present day, staining Charnea's international perception and serving to generally impede good diplomatic relations with Belisarian and Periclean nations.

Geography

The territory of Charnea comprises 2,130,656 square kilometres (822,651 sq mi) of land, making it the largest country in Scipia by land area. Charnea is far larger in its longitudinal expanse than its dimensions in latitude, with its far western tip at the border with Talahara being 3,160 kilometers west of its furthest eastern border section abutting Happara. This entire territory is considered part of the Ninva, the continental desert spanning most of central Scipia of which Charnean territory makes up more than half of its total expanse. More than 90% of the country is classified as arid desert with small portions of the southwest periphery falling under a semi-desert climate classification. The vast majority of this desert expanse has no permanent surface water, with the totality of the surface water in Charnea amounting to 0.084% of the country's total surface area or roughly 179 square kilometers. The principal locations of surface water in Charnea are the inland delta of the Iza river in Achra, as well as the Great Oasis and Kija river in the far east.

Regions

Economy

The Charnean economy is founded on a strong secondary sector sustained by a large urban workforce and extensive infrastructure investments. The formative development of the country's economy in the early 20th century preceded the discovery of significant mineral deposits in the Ninva desert by many decades. Lacking the potential for a lucrative primary sector in the absence of agricultural potential or mineral wealth, Charnean industrial planning focused on establishing a manufacturing sector based on the raw materials that could be readily and cheaply imported from neighboring Scipian countries by rail. The center and west of the country specialized in textiles produced using cotton imported from Itayana, while the near and far east of the country established a copper-based metalworking economy importing raw materials from Fahran and Kembesa through Happaran-owned east Scipian railways. The discovery of buried petroleum reserves in the far east and far west in the 1960s opened the door for petrochemical production and the rise of the Charnean plastics industry, the third component of the "Charnean Trinity" along with textiles and metal products. Mineral extraction has emerged as an important component of the national economy since modern prospecting technologies helped discover previously unknown resource deposits in the Ninva desert, but is primarily oriented toward supporting domestic manufacturing rather than exporting raw materials directly. Agriculture is likewise oriented toward domestic demand as the high costs associated with Charnean agricultural production make exports generally unprofitable. As a result of these factors stemming from environmental conditions and its mode of industrialization, the Charnean economy has remained in a state of secondary sector primacy throughout its modern history.

Charnea is known for its centralized, often highly restrictive economic planning governed by regional governmental organizations such as the Achra TET that direct local development and establish regulation on the use of local resources. The dominant economic model in Charnea, especially in the country's industrialized urban zones, is a form of corporatist state capitalism in which the state is both directly involved (through state enterprise) and indirectly involved (through regional development organs) in economic activity. The Charnean system has greatly benefitted a small number of major industrial conglomerates, known as "Combines" (ⴻⵔⵜⴻⵢ, Ertey) in Charnean parlance, which have prospered from close cooperation and a reciprocal business relationship with the state. Private entities such as the Mamala Combine as well as state enterprises like COPEC individually account for significant portions of the national GDP, making Charnea one of the most consolidated economies in the world in terms of ownership and corporate structures.



below this text is out of date



Manufacturing

Main production hall of the Aghzu plastics factory, equipped with advanced computerized custom molding equipment

The secondary sector of the Charnean economy is highly consolidated, with more than three quarters of all economic activity within the manufacturing industries being consolidated within just three major conglomerates. These are Ishar, Plexico and Akundar, together known as the "big three". Plexico, an enormous plastics industry corporation, is by far the largest of the big three. It serves as one of the main suppliers of basic as well as complex plastic products on a global scale, accounting for the majority of Charnean exports of plastic products which in total account for some 17% of the national GDP. Plexico's plastic products range from highly complex and heavily engineered medical grade items to cheap mass produced industrial components such as plastic pipes. The company is also one of the largest contributors to the worldwide supply of the plastics industry's most basic material, the pre-production plastic pellets which serve as the main input of all plastic products. Of the big three, Plexico is the most politically connected with an especially close business relationship with COPEC as its main supplier of key petrochemicals for the production of plastic materials. Plexico wields outsized political influence thanks to its status as the largest company in Charnea by revenue and one of the country's largest employers. Plexico grew to this immense size through the constant financial support and legal acquiescence of the Charnean government which invested heavily in growing the domestic plastics industry in the 1960s and and 70s, capitalizing on the incredibly low cost of the petrochemicals in the domestic market needed as inputs for the industry as well as the effects of the demographic dividend which Charnea was experiencing in those decades. The main campuses of Plexico's plastics empire are Aghzu factory located in Agnannet, Aszar in Ekelhoc and the Thalsa facility in Tezzat, all of which are found in close proximity to COPEC refineries and chemical plants which supply these factories with their raw materials. Plexico's monopoly on the Charnean plastics industry stems from its access to the financial rescources of the Charnean state and its international backers, which have allowed it to dominate the market in which other firms struggle to surpass the high financial and technological barriers of entry.

Besides plastics manufacturing which is highly consolidated under Plexico, the Charnean manufacturing sector also includes the production of of vehicles and transportation-related goods, metal products such as copper wire, and other low-complexity consumer grade products which fall under the category of light industry. These sectors are largely consolidated into the Akundar-Ishar duopoly, with neither conglomerate holding or seeking an outright monopoly over any one sector while both entities are subject to economic interdependence as part of a wider industrial oligopoly. Akundar is the main producer of rolling stock through its Agnannet-based subsidiary Akundar Transportation, while Ishar holds a greater degree of market presence among rail operators, giving both companies a great deal of control over the all-important Charnean railway network and the industries which support its infrastructure. The Ahuriri Corporation represents an outside power in the transport-manufacturing industry in Charnea, as an Onekawan firm which has expanded operations of its aircraft manufacturing industry into Charnea in recent years. This move, as well as the investment in the vehicular manufacturing and industrial sectors in general, has been indirectly subsidized by the Charnean defense industry which itself is almost entirely propped up by lucrative contracts awarded by the Charnean Army. Domestic Charnean defense industry firms such as Eruere Enterprises and the Akayon Corporation benefit greatly from the supporting network of industry of the big three as well as the smaller firms.

Agriculture

Main article: Agriculture in Charnea
Agricultural field in the Charnean desert, protected from the wind and sand by a windbreak of palms

As a desert nation, Charnea faces significant challenges in the development of its agriculture and domestic food production. Charnea has extremely low overall rainfall, with most of the nation's water supply coming from groundwater aquifers which are tightly regulated by the Charnean government due to the political and strategic considerations surrounding the extremely sensitive, scarce and crucial resource. In addition, Charnean farmers battle the often terrible physical and chemical characteristics and low fertility of the desert soil. These factors act to hinder the process of cultivation and food production in the desert. Nevertheless, Charnean farmers have persisted despite the adversity and have perfected methods of agriculture specifically adapted to the arid conditions through the millennia of human habitation in the region. Domestic cereal production is centered around the cultivation of millet, barley and flax, especially the native cultivars of these crops which are uniquely hardy and drought resistant making them far better adapted to the conditions than foreign staples such as wheat and rice. Production of mesquite flour from the invasive and widespread honey mesquite tree is common in many parts of the Tenere region of the desert, where it was introduced by Mutulese traders centuries ago. Other arboreal cultivations include date palms for fruit production as well as mastic and gum acacia which produce aromatic resin in high demand both locally and internationally.

The specificities of Charnean agriculture have a significant effect on the diet of the local people, distinguishing their cuisine from that of related Amaziɣ and comparable desert-dwelling peoples such as the Gharibs. For example, Talaharan couscous made from wheat semolina differs noticeably in flavor and consistency from its Charnean equivalent which is made from pearl millet. The Charnean diet and its associated food industries are also highly influenced by the Tenerian traditions of animal husbandry, particularly the herding of camels. This activity has been industrialized and intensified over the last century, although it retains at its core many of the practices of the nomadic ancestors of the modern Tenerians. Camels are widely raised by large family owned enterprises across Charnea for their meat, hide and especially their milk. Charnea is the largest producer of camel milk in the world, with a near totality of this industry's output aimed at the large domestic market for the milk itself as well as the yoghurt that can be made from it.

Charnea is a major importer of foodstuffs and agricultural products, and has been so consistently since the 1940s when urbanization and population growth propelled the demand for food beyond what the Charnean agricultural sector could supply. All Charnean production of foodstuffs through crop cultivation and animal husbandry today accounts for less than half of the total food supply in the country and less than 10% of all economic activity by value, with major imports of non-perishable canned goods, cereal grains, legumes and processed foods accounting for a large portion of the national food supply in Charnea. The cost to import these items by rail from neighboring nations contributes to the inflation of food prices in Charnea, an important political issue for the Charnean government and a source of public unrest in the country. The Charnean state has engaged in a policy of stockpiling reserves of non-perishable and shelf-stable food products in government run warehouses in order to mitigate the economic and political fallout of any serious trade disruption which could send food prices skyrocketing.

Tourism

The Thirteen Heaven Casino

The development of the Charnean tertiary sectors has been based primarily on the tourism industry. From the lavish palaces of the Imperial era to the pre-Imperial ancient monuments of the Tenerian and Deshrian civilizations, Charnea has a great many historically significant and impressive sites which have been converted into tourist attractions, most often by the local communities which rely on the income collected from visitors to sustain themselves. Many enterprises have been established in the rural regions of the country to organize tours aimed at foreign visitors, with the natural beauty of the Charnean desert landscape as the main selling point. As with the historical attractions, these are mainly operated by local families to gain a higher level of income that would otherwise be possible in the native region. These sub-sectors of the tourism industry have been the hardest hit by the dips in tourist travel to Charnea that has come as a result of the country's recent political instability.

By contrast, major hospitality firms operating in the great cities have been only marginally affected thanks to their devoted clientele of foreign visitors. These establishments capitalize on Charnea's legal gambling and prostitution as well as its permissive drug laws to attract visitors, especially from more restrictive parts of the world, to patronize their large casino-resorts. The majority of these hospitality industry establishments can be found in Agnannet and Tanitnet in commercial districts which have a high density of businesses catering specifically to a clientele of foreign visitors. These districts, known in Charnea as Talyat districts, are well known for their safety with the local law enforcement and at times even the local branch of the Charnean Alxalat syndicate paying special attention to the safety of foreign visitors from all forms of crime and even petty harassment. Tourism is a relatively non-consolidated industry, making it somewhat unique in the landscape of the Charnean economy, with very few establishments being part of any sort of wider company or chain. The Ishar Consortium is the only major Charnean corporation to have entered into the tourism industry, operatingtwo casino-resorts in Tanitnet and one in Agnannet. For the most part, the tourism industry in Charnea is dominated by small-scale entrepreneurship driven by individual owner-operators or in some cases family-ownership.

Demographics

Religion

Religion in Charnea
Religion Percent
Ashni Addin
 
 71%
Azdarin
 
 13%
Coptic Nazarism
 
 10%
Shaddijat
 
 4%
Other
 
 2%

Urbanism

Ethnicity

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