Cavia: Difference between revisions
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|national_motto = | |national_motto = ''[[Motto of Cavia|Alaksiah ar manii lang'sadohn]]'' ([[Cavian language|Old Cavian]])<br />"The Child of Freedom Triumphs" | ||
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The '''Republic of the Cavian State''', commonly called the '''Cavian State''' or '''Cavia''', is a constitutional republic on the continent of [[North Magnia]] on the planet of [[Animalia]]. The majority of Cavians are comprised of guinea pigs, formally known as the [[Cavian people]]. The western Cavian coastline wraps around the [[Latian Sea]], while the less-expansive eastern Cavian coastline lines the [[Amican Ocean]]. It is bordered by [[Lupen]], [[Stalliand]] and [[Equifer]] to the west, [[Skylia]], [[Ursilon]], the Ursilian territory of [[Ailuria]], and [[Rubria]] to the north, and [[Vulpion]], as well as the two Cavian protectorates of [[Cricetinia]] and [[Lanichia]] to the southeast. Cavia covers about 3.02 million square kilometers and has has an estimated population of almost 948 million people. Cavia is divided into 20 political subdivisions, called [[Administrative divisions of Cavia|provinces]], as well as three royal protectorates, dependent territories belonging to the [[Monarchy of Cavia|Cavian crown]]. | The '''Republic of the Cavian State''', commonly called the '''Cavian State''' or '''Cavia''', is a constitutional republic on the continent of [[North Magnia]] on the planet of [[Animalia]]. The majority of Cavians are comprised of guinea pigs, formally known as the [[Cavian people]]. The western Cavian coastline wraps around the [[Latian Sea]], while the less-expansive eastern Cavian coastline lines the [[Amican Ocean]]. It is bordered by [[Lupen]], [[Stalliand]] and [[Equifer]] to the west, [[Skylia]], [[Ursilon]], the Ursilian territory of [[Ailuria]], and [[Rubria]] to the north, and [[Vulpion]], as well as the two Cavian protectorates of [[Cricetinia]] and [[Lanichia]] to the southeast. Cavia covers about 3.02 million square kilometers and has has an estimated population of almost 948 million people. Cavia is divided into 20 political subdivisions, called [[Administrative divisions of Cavia|provinces]], as well as three royal protectorates, dependent territories belonging to the [[Monarchy of Cavia|Cavian crown]]. | ||
Cavia was established in 1351 when a group of large feudal states declared their joint independence from the [[Ursilon|Great Ursilian Empire]] and [[Vulpion|Divine Empire of Kitsiax]] who had colonized large swathes of the present-day nation, forming the Grand Kingdom of Cavia, appointing [[Oscar Ainsley Jamison]], known colloquially as Oscar the Founder, as the first monarch and leader of Cavia. The combined forces of serfs amassed by the Cavian feudal states eventually expelled both colonial governments in a three-year conflict known as the the [[Cavian War of Independence|Cavian Liberation]]. Just a quarter-millennium | Cavia was established in 1351 when a group of large feudal states declared their joint independence from the [[Ursilon|Great Ursilian Empire]] and [[Vulpion|Divine Empire of Kitsiax]] who had colonized large swathes of the present-day nation, forming the Grand Kingdom of Cavia, appointing [[Oscar Ainsley Jamison]], known colloquially as Oscar the Founder, as the first monarch and leader of Cavia. The combined forces of serfs amassed by the Cavian feudal states eventually expelled both colonial governments in a three-year conflict known as the the [[Cavian War of Independence|Cavian Liberation]]. In 1570, a dispute over the throne within the Cavian royal family resulted in the secession of [[Neo-Abyssinia]], a breakaway state located in the eastern reaches of the nation. However, the [[Cavian Civil War]] put an end to the young rebel state when the [[Cavian Royal Armed Forces Terminal|Cavian army]] summarily defeated the Neo-Abyssinian forces and executed the rebel leaders. Just a quarter-millennium after the nation's establishment, the fractious relationship between the monarchy and peasant class reached a breaking point, and resulted in the [[Cavian Insurrection]], a commoner-led coup d'état that resulted in the overthrow of the Cavian monarchy as the head of government. As a result the [[Constitution of Cavia|Cavian Constitution]] was signed, establishing the Republic of the Cavian State and democratically-elected [[Parliament of Cavia|parliament]] while preserving the institution of the royalty by reducing it to a figurehead. The republic has survived to the present day, as has the majority of the framework laid out for the nation by the Consitution. | ||
Cavia is a unitary {{wp|Parliamentary democracy|parliamentary democracy}} and {{wp|Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy}}. The monarch, [[King Oscar I]], has reigned since 1980. The capital and largest city is [[Oscar City]], a global city and financial center with a metropolitan area population of over 33 million. | Cavia is a unitary {{wp|Parliamentary democracy|parliamentary democracy}} and {{wp|Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchy}}. The monarch, [[King Oscar I]], has reigned since 1980. The capital and largest city is [[Oscar City]], a global city and financial center with a metropolitan area population of over 33 million. | ||
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Revision as of 22:31, 18 December 2021
This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Republic of The Cavian State Cavia | |
---|---|
Motto: Alaksiah ar manii lang'sadohn (Old Cavian) "The Child of Freedom Triumphs" | |
Anthem: Forward, Forward | |
Capital | Oscar City |
Largest | Oscar City(33.5 million) |
Official languages | Cavian |
Recognised national languages | Cavian |
Recognised regional languages | Abyssinian, Continental, Crested |
Ethnic groups | 91.8% Cavian
5.4% Aboriginal Cavian 2.8% Other |
Demonym(s) | Cavian |
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional democracy |
Mochi Williams | |
• Assistant Minister | Pippin Adams |
Legislature | Parliament of Cavia |
National Assembly | |
Senate | |
Independence from the Great Ursilian Empire and Divine Empire of Kitsiax | |
• Declared | August 19, 1351 |
• Grand Kingdom of Cavia | September 1, 1351 |
• Treaty of Willstown | Septeptember 22, 1354 |
• Republic established | January 25, 1605 |
• Current constitution ratified | May 3, 1605 |
Area | |
• Total | 3,021,837 km2 (1,166,738 sq mi) (3rd) |
• Water (%) | 0.61% |
Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 945,741,830 (3rd) |
• Density | 312/km2 (808.1/sq mi) (8th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate |
• Total | $53.510 trillion (1st) |
• Per capita | $56,581 (3rd) |
Gini (2020) | 31.3 medium (7th) |
HDI (2016) | 0.930 very high (2nd) |
Currency | Porcii ( |
Time zone | CST+10 |
CST+11(DST) | |
Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +2 |
ISO 3166 code | CV |
Internet TLD | .cv |
The Republic of the Cavian State, commonly called the Cavian State or Cavia, is a constitutional republic on the continent of North Magnia on the planet of Animalia. The majority of Cavians are comprised of guinea pigs, formally known as the Cavian people. The western Cavian coastline wraps around the Latian Sea, while the less-expansive eastern Cavian coastline lines the Amican Ocean. It is bordered by Lupen, Stalliand and Equifer to the west, Skylia, Ursilon, the Ursilian territory of Ailuria, and Rubria to the north, and Vulpion, as well as the two Cavian protectorates of Cricetinia and Lanichia to the southeast. Cavia covers about 3.02 million square kilometers and has has an estimated population of almost 948 million people. Cavia is divided into 20 political subdivisions, called provinces, as well as three royal protectorates, dependent territories belonging to the Cavian crown.
Cavia was established in 1351 when a group of large feudal states declared their joint independence from the Great Ursilian Empire and Divine Empire of Kitsiax who had colonized large swathes of the present-day nation, forming the Grand Kingdom of Cavia, appointing Oscar Ainsley Jamison, known colloquially as Oscar the Founder, as the first monarch and leader of Cavia. The combined forces of serfs amassed by the Cavian feudal states eventually expelled both colonial governments in a three-year conflict known as the the Cavian Liberation. In 1570, a dispute over the throne within the Cavian royal family resulted in the secession of Neo-Abyssinia, a breakaway state located in the eastern reaches of the nation. However, the Cavian Civil War put an end to the young rebel state when the Cavian army summarily defeated the Neo-Abyssinian forces and executed the rebel leaders. Just a quarter-millennium after the nation's establishment, the fractious relationship between the monarchy and peasant class reached a breaking point, and resulted in the Cavian Insurrection, a commoner-led coup d'état that resulted in the overthrow of the Cavian monarchy as the head of government. As a result the Cavian Constitution was signed, establishing the Republic of the Cavian State and democratically-elected parliament while preserving the institution of the royalty by reducing it to a figurehead. The republic has survived to the present day, as has the majority of the framework laid out for the nation by the Consitution.
Cavia is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The monarch, King Oscar I, has reigned since 1980. The capital and largest city is Oscar City, a global city and financial center with a metropolitan area population of over 33 million.
Cavia's advanced economy, owing mainly of extensive international trade networks, abundant natural resources and specialized, skilled workforce, is the strongest in the world with a national GDP of $53.5 trillion. The per capita GDP of $43,019 ranks the nation third in Animalia, although the country also ranks near the top in income equality for high-income countries. Cavia became the world's first industrialized nation and has since become a world power in the following centuries, establishing itself as one of the most prominent nations in the world, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific, technological and political influence internationally. The nation ranks among the highest in Animalia in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, political freedoms, quality of life, economic opportunity, press freedom, and education.
Cavia is a nuclear state and its influence as a world power is evidenced by its status as a founding member of the Animalian Union and its permanent seat on the Union's Directive Committee, and member of major international organizations such as the Global Economic Council (GEC), Grisleton Cooperative Armament Pact (GCAP), Latian Economic Forum (LEF), and M6.
Etymology
The word "cavia" comes from the scientific name for the guinea pig, the species that comprises the Cavian people, the main ethnic group inhabiting Cavia- cavia porcellus. Formally, the nation's name as established by the Constitution is the Republic of the Cavian State, and many internal government documents utilize the name 'The Cavian State', however, the far more common name 'Cavia' is used publicly by the government. The standard denonym to refer to Cavia's people is 'Cavian', which can be used as a noun or adjective.
History
Prehistoric Ages
The continent of Magnia was formed after it broke off from the supercontinent of Centralis around 1.3 billion years ago due to continental drift. Around 300 million years ago the climate of the planet substantially, giving the lowlands of Cavia their largely-temperate, mild climate.
Approximately one million years ago, animals believed to be the evolutionary ancestors of guinea pigs traveled from South Magnia hoping to find warmer biomes by migrating north. Smaller animals without thick, long fur, settled in present-day Cavia, due to its warm climate- a result of its location on the equator- while the ancestors of larger quadrupeds which exhibited thicker fur- namely bears and canines- settled further northward on the continent.
Over the subsequent one million years, these primordial animals evolved into the current species that occupy the nations of Animalia today. It is believed that the first modern guinea pig, cavia porcellus, originated around 250,000 years ago.
Antiquity
Feudal History
Well into the Classical Era, the Cavian people developed a manorial system, in which successful agriculturalists with profits generated from crop surpluses attracted workers who tended the fields for their barons or lords, with the lord responsible for feeding, clothing, sheltering, and protecting their serfs. The manorial system became widespread over the 5th century. The sudden increased need for infrastructure to support serfs and the economic production of manors gave rise to the rapid development of Cavian cities, while the creation of a new aristocracy enabled a blossoming of early Cavian literature and academics, resulting in the First Cavian Golden Age. The four main manors quickly grew into outright civilizations- the Abyssinians, Continentals, Shelties, and Texels each controlled well over a million workers apiece, with the largest, the Abyssinian Manor, recording over eight million subjects at its height. Smaller communities existed outside of the manorial system, however these Cavians only amounted around an estimated two million in number.
After repeated, extensive skirmishes took place between the Manors from c. 870 to 1023 AD, mostly between the Abyssinian and Texel Manor, the two most powerful feudal states, which resulted in large losses of manpower and infrastructure for all parties, all four major Manors, joined by eight smaller states, congregated to discuss and eventually pledge to Ar'tugen Accords, essentially a non-aggression pact that put an end to the costly conflicts between rivalling Manors, while adding provisions for the promotion of regular trade between states. The Accords normalized relations between almost all influential parties within the Cavian feudal system, and laid the groundwork for the future establishment of the modern, united Cavian state.
Cavian Liberation
Constitution and Medieval History
Cricetinian War
In 1910, the Cencirculish Tensions to the north of Cavia involved the nation of Cricetinia, which was fighting against Bearilea, a neighboring nation attempting to annex Cricetinia. Cavia agreed with the Cricetian government to help protect the nation in exchange for Cavia annexing the nation but letting its government remain autonomous as a protectorate. Under these terms the Cavians turned the tide of the war and pushed the Bearileans back to its previous border. However, when a new government was being elected in the nation, the previous government which was expected to be voted out of office tried to regain governmental control. This failed, however, resulting in the government-in-exile. A clause in the Cricetian(renamed Hamster's Region from 1910 onward) Constitution allowed the nation to leave Cavian borders if the government so chose. The newly-elected government(along with the majority of voters) chose to stay, however the government-in-exile chooses to leave. All Animalian nations recognize the current government and therefore Cricetinia as part of Cavia.
Present History and International Ties
During the 1969 fiscal year, the Cavian economy completely crashed, inflating the Porcii to eleven thousand percent of its value one year prior. In order to combat this, taxes were temporarily lowered and the currency was re-denominated. Through government efforts, employment slowly rose from 52% in 1969 to 88% in 1975.
In 1977 Cavia, alongside Bearilea, Foxtia, Sphenland, and Antleria, founded the Animalian Union, a global peace-keeping force aimed to provide diplomatic solutions between international debates. Within the end of the millenium all 18 nations had joined the Union.
Geography
Climate
The total area of Cavia is 4,023,921 square kilometers. The western and southern areas of the nation enjoy a more mild Mediterranean climate, with hot, yet not extreme summers and mild winters. The eastern coast has a humid continental climate with more extreme summers and no winter(the lowest temperatures are considered warm). However, for the Northern Central area of the nation, a cold Highland climate sees no summers whatsoever with a normal cold temperature(winters can see the temperature drop below freezing).
Cavia's landscape is widely varied, with deserts extending near the Eastern Central area of Cavia, mainly the Jedania and West Valley deserts and a polar climate in the mountainous highlands of the Crestia mountain chain.
Elevation
The highest point in Cavia is Crested Peak in the Crested mountain chain, with a height of 18,750 ft (5,715 m). The lowest point is Central Salter Flats, in the Jedania desert, with an elevation of -303 ft(−92.3 m). Cavia has three peaks that measure over 5,000 meters(16,404 ft), all located in the Crested mountain chain. Low elevations can be found in the Jedania desert along with Beaker Lake, as its lowest point registers at around -64.3 m(-211 ft).
Political Geography
FIX Cavia is bordered by Aridian, Anubia, Foxtia, and Cricetinia moving from west to east respectively. Cavia and Aridian share a 912,311 square kilometer border that follows the Thinstream River. The river continues north and reaches the Cavia-Anubia border, where it reaches the 38th parallel, at which the border continues on the the north side of the Crested mountain chain. The Cavian-Anubian border is 1.4 million kilometers, and forms Cavia's longest border with one nation. The mountain chain recedes and runs for another 1.1 million kilometers with Foxtia, where the border is marked by medieval land claims between Cavians and Foxtians, with the official border declared with the 1887 Treaty of Canid City. If the protectorate of Cricetinia is counted as within the Cavian nation, Foxtia's borders continue for another 180,612 kilometers, with a further 127,829 kilometers shared with Rodentia.
Demographics
Species
Cavia has an estimated population of around 1.533 billion, making it the most populated Animalian nation. A census is held nationwide every five years with the first recorded data from 1790(with most of it being extrapolation). The national birthrate is normal of a developed country, 10 out of a thousand people. Totaled together with immigration, the annual population growth rate usually reaches around 0.4%. The chief ethnicities of Cavia include 35% Abyssinian, 31% Continental, 15% Mountainous(Sheltie and Crested) 11% Texel, and 4% other breeds. Around 4% are foreign species.
Language
Cavian is the national language. Other recognized languages include Old Cavian, the dialect of Abyssinian, and English. Approximately 83% of the population speaks Cavian as a first language, with another 11% speaking Abyssinian as a first language. The third most dominant language was Old Cavian, with 4% of the population being native speakers. Over a third of the population can speak fluent English as a result of it being added to the Cavian curriculum in 1989.
Family Demographics
About 45% of Cavian adults are single. Due to homosexual marriage being legalized since 1922, about 8% of all registered couples are homosexual. 34% of married Cavians have no children, while 22% have one, 34% have two, 8% have three, and 2% have four or more. It is reported that around a third of Cavian marriages are inter-breedor inter-species marriages.
Income
Due to having the highest average income in Animalia, coupled by minimum and overtime wage laws, the average Cavian wage totals at $68,877. The bottom 10% of incomes average at $43,019 and the top 10% of incomes average at $119,721. This makes for an income disparity rate of 1.75, giving Cavia a medium Gini score.
Religion
Slightly more than half of Cavians are atheist, with Porcianism being the main religion of 32% of Cavians. Mainstream Christianity is the faith of 10% of Cavians, with 5% being Judaism and 2% being other religions. 57% of Cavians do not attend church, and 62% do not attend it regularly. However, 47% of Cavians identify religion as having a place in their lives. Cavia also has over four million agnostics, the highest of any nation.
Education
As national law dictates fifteen years of formal education must be administered, the Cavian national literacy rate is reported to be at 99.3%. About 94.1% of Cavians have received full education, and 71% have received tertiary education, with 59% receiving a full five-year diploma.
Healthcare
Due to universal healthcare laws, virtually every Cavian citizen has healthcare. Around 28% of Cavians rely on the free, basic coverage provided by the government. The average healthcare cost for citizens with private healthcare totals at around $291 per month.
Largest Cavian Cities
Rank | City | Metro Population | Province |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Oscar City | 29,813,000 | Oscar City |
2 | Mochiville | 8,812,000 | Bay East |
3 | Texelton | 5,257,000 | Texelia |
4 | Rogerstown | 3,838,000 | Bay North |
5 | Sealen City | 3,612,000 | Sealen |
6 | Port-au-Porcii | 3,194,000 | Bay North |
7 | Williston | 2,904,000 | Bay South |
8 | Stonewall | 2,549,000 | Riverton |
9 | Crested Point | 2,144,000 | Mountain North |
10 | Northhills | 2,058,000 | Plains West |
Government
Cavia is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. Parliament, the main legislative body composed of two houses(the National Assembly and Senate), is elected by members of the province that they represent. The number of seats in the National Assembly for each province is outlined in the Constitution to balance population and size for seats and each Province receives 2 seats in the Senate.
Cavian citizens must follow three levels of government- National Government, the highest level which regulates international and domestic affairs, creates basic laws and civil liberties, and protects the nation by managing national ministries, Provincial Government, the second-highest level which is responsible for basic provincial infrastructure, collecting and reporting data to the national government, and taxing its citizens, and the lowest level of government, Local Government, in which citizens can make laws that amend but not contradict national laws. Local government is also responsible for managing infrastructure within its borders.
The court system of Cavia is composed of a lower court, a provincial court, a national court, and the highest court, the Court of Final Appeal. Most criminal trials settle through lower city courts through trials or plea bargains. However, civil suits may reach the highest possible court, the Court of Final Appeal, if the plaintiff or defendant challenges the ruling. The Court of Final Appeal is named such as its decision is final and cannot be challenged. Its members are appointed by the ruling Prime Minister and must be approved by the Senate only by majority vote. The Court of Final Appeal's judges are appointed for life. However, the Court may not hear all cases as those are selected by the Cavian Grand Judge(chosen by Parliament 2/3 vote), who writes the majority or minority opinion depending on how they rule, and the Senior Judges, the next three oldest judges.
The executive branch of Cavian government is led by the Prime Minister. As there are more than two major parties(there are considered to be four influential Cavian governmental parties) a multiple-vote ranking system is used. Each candidate with more than a sixth of the Cavian voting population's support in the first round of voting is eligible to appear on the ballot. More than one candidate from each political party may appear on the ballot unless the two or more candidate's votes added are more than one third but less than one half. The Prime Minister appoints Cabinet Ministers, responsible for advising him or her on the issues they are appointed to represent. The Ministers are led by the Assistant Minister, who is chosen before the electoral campaign as a running mate. The Cabinet appointments are approved by Parliament by a simple majority vote.
Military
The Cavian military, with 6.7 million active service members, or 0.4% of Cavia's population, is the largest in Animalia by size of active military personnel with the second-largest being Bearilea with 3.3 million. When Reserve duty members are taken into account Cavia places second in the world with 25.3 million behind Bearilea's 27.1 million. The top six nations by total military personnel size are all treatised allies of The Cavian State.
An elected Chief Marshal(not always, but more often than not the Prime Minister) holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the Royal Chiefs of Staff. The Cavian Ministry of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Special Operations, Navy, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of National Security in peacetime and by the Royal Navy during times of war. In 2015, the armed forces had 6.7 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and Royal Police Corps brought the total number of troops to 25.3 million. The Ministry of Defense also employed about 850,000 civilians, not including contractors.
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Conscription Lottery Service. Cavian forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's 11 active aircraft carriers, and Special Ops' expeditionary units at sea with the Navy's ocean-going fleets. The military operates 45 bases and facilities abroad, and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 14 foreign countries.
The military budget of Cavia in 2013 was $1.8 trillion, making Cavia the highest-spending nation in the world on defense. At 2.1% of GDP, the rate was the fourth-highest among the 18 Animalian nations, after Bearilea, Felinus, and Foxtia. The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2018, $2.3 billion, was a 27.2% increase over 2013.
International Relations
Cavia is active in the Animalian Union, an international peace-keeping organization whose members include all 18 Animalian nations. Cavia was a main founder of the organization in 1977, and per its charter, funds one-sixth of the organization's budget.
Cavia is neutral in all international conflicts not involving itself or its allies, signifying a change from Cavia's interventionist policies earlier in its history. Cavia's international relations are relatively peaceful, and it is considered to not have any current enemies besides the rogue state of Felinus.
All diplomatic relations are approved and scheduled by the Prime Minister but specifically managed by the Minister of Foreign Relations. The monarch will usually host all incoming ambassadors and envoys visiting the country.
Law enforcement and crime
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police departments and sheriff's offices, with royal police providing broader services. The Oscar City Police Department (OCPD) is the largest in the country. Federal agencies such as the Bureau of Cavian Investigation (BCI) and the Cavian Royal Police Corps have specialized duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing Cavian federal courts' rulings and federal laws. At the federal level and in almost every province, a legal system operates on a common law. Provincial courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state criminal courts. Plea bargaining is very common; the vast majority of criminal cases in the country are settled by plea bargain rather than jury trial.
In 2018, there were 5,118 murders which was 158 more than in 2017, a 3.1% increase. The murder rate in 2015 was 1.7 per 100,000 people. In 2016 the murder rate increased by 8.6%, with 5,413 murders that year.
Economy
The Cavian economy, due to large governmental subsidization and no government restrictions(except anti-trust and environmental laws) is viewed as one of the most, if not most efficient economy in Animalia. Cavia is home to over 150 of the 500 largest corporations in Animalia, and attracts large international companies to set up headquarters in the nation.
The main Cavian industries include automobile manufacturing, fishing, and information technology. Cavian imports include raw materials, plants and other organic matter. Cavia exports automobiles, machinery, foodstuffs, furniture, and household items.
Cavia engages in trading with many of its Animalian allies. Cavia's chief trading partners include Foxtia, Bearilea, Anubis, and Antleria. Cavia exports $116 billion more than it imports, making it more economically independent than other Animalian nations. Only Foxtia has a higher trade surplus.
Science and technology
In 2016, Cavia spent approximately $131.5 billion on domestic research and development, of which around $48 billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. As of 2018, the country has produced 77 Campbell laureates in fields including physics, chemistry, and medicine, and was ranked second worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. Cavia has one of the highest levels of internet access in the world, with over 1.5 billion users, equivalent to around 97.8 percent of its total 2015 population.
The Cavian Aeronautics and Space Program(CASP) operates a highly active space program, conducting deep-space, planetary, and aviation research, and developing rockets and satellites. Cavia was the second country to design and construct a satellite after Bearilea, with the 1955 Oscar 1 launch. Cavoa is a participant in the Animalian Unified Space Station(AUSS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Caviarm and AmbiDextre robotic manipulators for the AUSS and CASP. Since the 1960s, Cavia's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including SurfaceSat-1 and 2, GIMS and HORS. In 1959, William Briggs became Cavia's and Animalia's first-ever astronaut. Cavian also became the first nation to put animals on Glacia, which they achieved with the 1966 Porcellia IV mission.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is managed by national and local government. Cities report for the funding they need for infrastructure projects and the provincial government, which is responsible for tax, funds the cities. National projects or projects on government-owned land or unincorporated territory are paid for by government coffers and are managed by national government.
Transportation
The Department of Transportation is the government body responsible for overseeing transport in The Cavian State. There are many motorways in Cavia, and many other trunk roads, such as Highway 1 linking Oscar City and Northhills, runing through all of western Cavia (much of this section is motorway) and onward to the Cricetinia border. The longest motorway in Cavia is Highway 5, from Oscar City through Stonewall and Rockcliff to the northwest up to the Cricetinian border, a distance of 4,580 miles (7,371 km). Other major routes include: the C2 from Oscar City through Mochiville to Rogerstown, the C1 which encircles Oscar City, the SE8 which encircles Texelton, the S4 from Oscar City to Crested Point, and the S33 from Williston via Rogerstown to Port-au-Porcii.
Bus transport across the country is widespread; major companies include Royal Express, Destina and Capital Metro Buses. The blue Oscar City scenic buses have become a symbol of Cavia. There is a rapid transit network in five Cavian cities: the Texelton Metro, Port-au-Porcii Transit Network, Island Metro in Sealen City, Crested Point Metro, and Cavia's largest rapid transit network- the Capital Metro, servicing Oscar City, Mochiville, and Rogerstown.
Rail transport in Cavia is the oldest in the world: passenger railways originated in Cavia in 1825. Cavia's 59,000 miles (95,000 km) of rail network covers the country fairly extensively, although a high proportion of railway lines were closed in the second half of the 20th century. There are plans to reopen lines such as the Peak Line between Rogerstown and Crested Point. These lines are mostly standard gauge (single, double or quadruple track) though there are also a few narrow gauge lines.
Cavia has extensive domestic and international aviation links. The largest airport is Oscar City International, which is the world's busiest airport measured by number of international passengers. Other large airports include Mochiville Metropolitan, Northhills Airport, Rogersville Airport and Port-au-Porcii Airport. By sea there is ferry transport, both local and international, including to Cricetinia, Bearilea and Aviatia. There are around 19,400 miles (31,220 km) of navigable waterways in Cavia, half of which is owned by the Royal Waterway Trust, however, water transport is very limited. The Whitecap River is the major waterway in Cavia, with imports and exports focused at the Port of Oscar City in the Ancient Bay, one of Cavia's four major ports.
Energy
The Cavian energy market is about 166,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 4.8 tons (4,354 kg) of oil equivalent per year. In 2005, 25% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 15% from natural gas. The remaining 48% was supplied by nuclear power(29%) and renewable energy(19%) sources. Cavia is the world's largest consumer of petroleum. The United States has 37% of global coal reserves. It is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil.
Nuclear power is the largest source of Cavian energy, and has been for well over a decade, since 2001. Cavia is the world's largest producer of nuclear energy, and produces the second-most solar energy in the world. Many rural Cavian households are powered by wind energy.
Culture
Culture Cavian culture and traditions hold its roots to the customs celebrated by agricultural lords from tribal times. These include cuisine, sport, daily rituals and customs, etc. Other factors include its long history as a power and symbol of democracy.
Sport
Cavia places much emphasis on sport. It has been the creator of armball, holeball, hunt-dueling, and Cavian-rules football. Many of these sports were developed in the late 19th century or early 20th century. International Sport Organization President Zachary Fowler was quoted as saying "Animalian culture holds its roots within this grand, enduring nation which has sprung forth a crucial form of what helps shape our image- sport. Cavia is the birthplace of Animalian sport." for the centenary of the Cavian Armball Association.
In international competitions, Cavia, Cricetinia(called the 'Cavian Protectorate of Cricetinia' at competitions) and overseas territories compete under separate flags and teams. The Royal Department of Cavian Sport administers Cavian teams, the Hamster Bureau of Sport organizes Cricetinian teams, and the overseas territories of St. Terry's Island and Greentree Island have their own state sporting organizations.
By far the most popular sport in Cavia is football, affirmed overwhelmingly by the 2010 census(65% listed football as their favorite sport). Football has been played professionally in Cavia since the 19th century after its invention. Cricetinia Region have split their football system, resulting in a different football association and league system. Cavian football is administered by the Cavian Football Federation. The league system is extensive composing 21 tiers of professional, semi-professional and amateur teams with over 8,200 teams and 140,000 people involved in the system. The top league of Cavian football is the Cavian Super League. Average attendances average around 56,000 with hundreds of thousands more watching via television. The CSL is the most-watched league in Animalia by far.
The Cavian national football team is ranked first in Animalia by the International Federation of Animalian Football, Animalia's football governing body. In international competitions, Cavia has won the Animalian International Cup five times(1960, 1968, 2000, 2012, 2016) and the Confederational Cup three times(2014, 2015, 2017).
The second-most popular Cavian sport originates from the country itself, armball. Since its creation in 1919, armball has been played professionally in Cavia. Twelve other Animalian nations have formed official armball teams. Cavia consistently ranks in the top three nations for armball, but has not won an international armball competition since 2011. Cavia, Bearilea, Ramsdale, Foxtia, the Savannah Republic, and the Hog Federation annually compete for the Six Nation Open. The top Cavian club armball league is the Cavian Armball League composed of fifteen teams from around the nation.
Holeball, the third-most popular sport is another sport originating from Cavia in 1913. Holeball is contested by club teams in Cavia but is not played internationally due to its lack of attention abroad. Armball's top club league is the Armball League of Cavia. The league does not function in a league system format with the same ten clubs contesting for the league title each season.
Another Cavian sport, developed by rich Cavian landowners, is hunt-dueling. Developed in the 12th century, the purpose of the sport was to settle claim disputes to land and property. Played over four square kilometers, wealthy landowners with deeds to more than thousands of square kilometers found this easy to play. During the King Roger I era of land redistribution in the 17th century, the popularity of this sport declined. However, it has made a resurgence with thickly-wooded parks dedicated to professionals and amateurs of the sport. Regular tournaments are held for hunt-duelers domestically and internationally.
Symbols
The flag of the Cavian State was conceived in 1881 by MP Sir Cameron Dawson. The red stripe running vertically represents the struggles of the nation, mainly the Great Struggle and the revolution for independence. The blue stripe running horizontally represents the sea, and at the top of the flag, represent the boundaries of the land and civilization, as guinea pigs are not accustomed to venturing into water. The blue stripe is also said to represent peace and stability, marking no attacks from war on Cavian soil for over eight centuries. The three stars represent the three triumphs of the nation and are put over the blue stripe to represent overcoming the boundaries that were needed to achieve such triumphs which were independence, the writing of the Constitution, and the Recovery period of Cavian history. The national anthem, "Forward, Forward", was written by poet Arthur Cranston in 1702, embodies the spirit of Cavian cheerfulness, resilience, and perserverance.
The national personification of the nation is usually Oscar the Founder, the leader of the revolution against the conquering forces. Characterized as an abyssinian, shorthaired guinea pig with a sword and red robes. He is associated with government posters released during crises cheering and rallying the nation's people forward. As the symbol of the nation he has been used in political cartoons or advertisements and PSAs. He also appears on the nation's monetary system on the five-Porcii bill and the ten-Porcent coin.