Tyrnica

Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica Gewaltig-Königreich Týrland (Tyrnican)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Wegen der kälde erlangen stärke" "Through the cold comes strength"
Anthem: März des Nordens "March of the North"
Location of  Tyrnica  (dark green) – in Auressia  (green & dark grey) – in the Commonwealth  (green)
Capital	Vedayen-Königspfalz 55°43′N 17°39′E
Largest city	Stierstandt
Official languages	Tyrnican
Recognised regional languages	Kürskaringan, Evzenian
Demonym(s)	Tyrnican
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Frederick IV
• Chancellor	Kristen Lehmann
Legislature	Rechtzuhör
• Upper house	Haus des Königsrath
• Lower house	Haus der Volksvertreter
Establishment
• Coronation of Audun I	1 November 463
• Union with Kürskäringar	16 September 1479
• Valschaffën Act	8 June 1783
• Adoption of Constitution	20 February 1914
Area
• Total	2,199,498 km2 (849,231 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census	67,413,974
• Density	30.6/km2 (79.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$4.039 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita	$59,923
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$3.539 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$52,498
Gini (2020)	27.3 low
HDI (2020)	0.943 very high
Currency	Commonwealth mark (CMR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (Central Auressian Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (Central Auressian Summer Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+07
ISO 3166 code	TYR
Internet TLD	.tr and .kn

Tyrnica (/tɜrnɪkɑː/; Tyrnican: Týrland, pronounced /tɪərleɪnd/), officially the Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica (Tyrnican: Gewaltig-Königreich Týrland) but also known as the North and the Kingdom of the North, is a sovereign state located in Central Auressia. It is bordered on the north by the Northern Ocean, on the south by Valgia, and shares maritime borders with Blayk to the west. Tyrnica is comprised of twelve constituent regions within 2,199,498 square kilometres, and possesses a population of 67.4 million. The legislative and royal capital rests within Vedayen-Königspfalz, which is the nation's second largest urban centre following the city of Stierstandt. Other major cities include Valschaffën, Audrache, Hasserstadt, Schwarzeberg, Evverkäben, Karsfjord, Rechnyye and Laubbachen.

The region that now comprises present-day Tyrnica has been inhabited by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE, and by Isaric peoples since approximately 700 BCE. The Sabarine Empire had established tributary states in the area by 100 CE, and formed a provincial government during the 4th century. In 463 CE, Audun I became the first King of the Tyrnicans, which contributed to the Fall of Sabaria and the end of Antiquity in Auressia. During the Middle Ages, Tyrnica was gradually united over several centuries as part of a period known as the Vereinigung (“unification”), until Tyrnica entered a personal union with Kürskäringar in 1479. The first Tyrnican colonies were established towards the end of the 16th century, and its colonial empire would go on to rival that of other Auressian powers.

In the early 19th century, Tyrnica orchestrated the Compromises of the Great Upheaval and supplanted the authority of Blayk and Rythene to become the global leader in cultural, military and economic influence. This state of affairs persisted until the ratification of the Treaty of Arden in 1913, which ended Tyrnican involvement in the Great War. Thereafter, Tyrnica’s status was reduced to that of a pariah state until its participation in the Second Great War restored relations with its neighbours. Over the course of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Tyrnica has maintained a stable position on the global scale, undergoing a process of decolonisation and rapid economic growth.

Tyrnica is a developed country with the world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity. It is a high-income social market economy that places emphasis on arms, automobile and technology manufacturing, with a burgeoning service sector. The nation also holds the third-highest Human Development Index rating in the world, and performs favourably in a number of national performance listings including health, education, quality of life, economic freedom and the protection of human rights and liberties.

The Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica is a great power that wields considerable influence across the globe, maintaining the ability to engage in power projection. Tyrnica is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia as well as the Auressian Community, and participates in a number of other intergovernmental organisations dedicated to global peace, security and development. Its military expenditure is the sixth-highest in the world, and despite being a recognised nuclear weapons state, it expressed possible commitment to a nuclear disarmament programme in 2016. Tyrnica is renowned as a cultural nexus and is the birthplace of many varieties of the arts, philosophy, science and music.

Etymology

Etymologically, the name Tyrnica is a Sabarisation of the native Týrland, which is in turn derived from the name of the most prominent deity in Isaric paganism. Ultimately, the term stems from *Dyēus, which was the name of the proto-Auressian chief deity typically associated with the daylight sky.

Originally pronounced as (/tɪərnikɑː/), the common pronunciation of Tyrnica has since changed to (/tɜrnɪkɑː/), but earlier forms are still used and recognised. In Tyrnican, the native Týrland is pronounced only as (/tɪərleɪnd/) or (/tɪərlɑːnd/).

History

Prehistory

The Tyrnican region is believed to have been occupied by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE. The Virkaevahn Man is well-known for being one of the oldest and most well-preserved examples of early human life, while ancient flutes and pipes show the existence of musical instruments in Tyrnica as early as 48,000 BCE.

Antiquity

The earliest emergence of proto-Isaric peoples can be traced to the late Bronze Age in the vicinity of modern-day Velcalår. Archaeological, genealogical and linguistic evidence suggests that circa 700 BCE, the inhabitants of the area began to take on an increasingly homogeneous profile as the population grew larger. During the same time period, the coastline of south-western Tyrnica was settled by Occidental city-states who established colonies in order to trade with the local inhabitants. By 100 BCE, cooling weather conditions necessitated Isaric peoples to settle on the Tyrnican mainland, spreading across Central Auressia and displacing the Rubic tribes of the region before coming into contact with the Sabarine Republic. Sabarine ambitions in the area were curtailed by a series of internal crises leading to the establishment of the Empire, although several Tyrnican tribes had been reduced tributaries by 100 CE.

The assassination of Septimus Taurinus in 463 proved to be the catalyst for Audun's decision to declare himself King of the Tyrnicans; in Sabaria, the subsequent power struggle within the Senate forestalled any attempts to re-establish imperial control over the Tyrnican states.

Audun I, the first King of the Tyrnicans.

Early Middle Ages

• Policy of Vereinigung (reunification of Isaric peoples) becomes the primary focus of Tyrnican monarchs.
• In Kürskäringar, the emergence of vikings triggers a period of raiding and settlement across northwestern Auressia.

Late Middle Ages

• Valgia is conquered by the 14th century.
• Fifty Years' War with Blayk sees the Blaykish monarchs contesting the Tyrnican throne, with Tyrnica emerging victorious from the conflict.
• Tyrnican control of the Strait of Khovaar (and thus northern Galeo-Hemetrian trade routes) results in a slow start to colonisation; its first settlement in eastern Marceaunia is nearly a century later than the settlement of Albrennia by the Rythenean Rotiferists.
• Kürskäringar is drawn into a personal union with Tyrnica in 1479, ending the Vereinigung.

Early Modern Period

• Tyrnicans settle in the New World by the start of the 17th century. St. Suibert's Land is eventually annexed by Rythene.
• Evzenia falls under Tyrnican control in the late 1700s.

Late Modern Period

• The War of the Tyrnican Succession pits Tyrnica and Blayk against Rythene and Vervillia, ending the Blaco-Vervillian Union.
• The Upheaval sees Tyrnica emerge as the foremost power in Auressia. The historiographic period from 1813 (annexation of Avilême) to 1913 (Treaty of Arden) is sometimes known as the Tyrnicae Saeculum (meaning the "Tyrnican Century" or "Age")
• Tyrnica triumphs over Rythene in the Tea War, solidifying its place as the preeminent world power of the 19th century. A subsequent conflict in 1873 crushes the Rythenean military; thereafter, it cannot effectively stand against Tyrnica until 1908.

Contemporary Period

• Forms the primary axis of the Galene League from 1908–1913. Its unilateral withdrawal from the First Great War, codified by the Treaty of Arden, is made in the interest of self-preservation and the other nations within the Galene League quickly sever ties with Tyrnica following the betrayal.
• The period of 1913–1937 is an era of isolationism for the Tyrnicans. In spite of its status as a pariah nation, the Tyrnican Constitution is codified and living standards slowly improve in the wake of the war.
• Tyrnica joins the Coalition in the Second Great War, reconciling with Rythene in 1938 and achieving victory by 1943.
• The Commonwealth of Northern Auressia is formed in the latter half of the 20th century.

Geography

Geography of Tyrnica

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  Autumnal forest near Weidenhain

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  River Essar in Valschaffën

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  Glacial valley in southern Umbrecht

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  Farmland east of Ardarschweig

Tyrnica is located in Central Auressia, bordering Valgia to the south and sharing maritime borders with Blayk to the west (although the two countries are connected by the Arden-Karsfjord Crossing). It is enclosed by the Northern Ocean and the Galene Sea, as well as the Strait of Khovaar which separates Central and Western Auressia. The territory of Tyrnica spans approximately 2,199,498 km² (849,231 sq mi), making it the largest country in Auressia by surface area and the 5th-largest in the world. 2,176,918 km² (426,198 sq mi) of its area is land, with 22,580 km² (8,718 sq mi) consisting of water in the form of perennial rivers and lakes.

Biodiversity

The Tyrnican wolf is the national animal of Tyrnica.

Politics

Government

Tyrnica is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, operating under a legal framework established as part of the Constitution of Tyrnica. Until its codification in the aftermath of the Great War, the Constitution was made up of a number of documents and Acts of Parliament; since 1914, it has been amended on seven occasions through the process of a referendum. While Tyrnica does not have a bill of rights, the Constitution itself guarantees Tyrnican citizens a number of enumerated and unenumerated rights, acting as a limitation on the law-making power of Parliament.

The Tyrnican government is made up of three branches, in accordance with the constitutional principle of seperation of powers:

The Rechtzuhör Building, which houses the Tyrnican Parliament.

• Legislative: containing the bicameral Parliament, which includes the monarch, the Chamber of Councillors and the Chamber of Representatives;
• Executive: exercised by the Crown Council, which consists of the Chancellor and a series of other senior government ministers appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Chancellor;
• Judiciary: comprising the Tyrnican court hierarchy, with judges of the Supreme Court appointed by the monarch on the advice of both Houses of Parliament

Demographics

Language

The Tyrnican language is sole the official language of Tyrnica, and is also its most commonly-spoken language. Tyrnican is a Western Isaric language, closely related to Rythenean and Valgian. It is more distantly related to the Northern Isaric languages including Kürskäringan, which constitues a regional language in Kürskäringar and Mijörlicht. Additionally, the regional language of Evzenia also has administrative status within the boundaries defined by the Sprachakademie ("language academy").

It is estimated that 86.0% of Tyrnican permanent residents speak the language natively, with the remainder usually speaking a regional language. A 2018 survey conducted by the Sprachakademie showed that 68.9% of Tyrnicans indicated a proficiency in two or more languages, with the most common second languages including Rythenean, Kürskäringan and Principean. Standard Tyrnican is based on a dialect of High Tyrnican and is common along the nation's Völkgürtel, while Low Tyrnican is typically spoken along the coastline of Umbrecht and in Grênstedt, where Noordelin is also spoken.

Historically, Tyrnican served as a lingua franca and was particularly seen in this capacity during the 19th and early 20th centuries; significant Tyrnican-speaking communities remain in Audonia, Sarbéliard (Särpelgard Tyrnican) and Avilême as a result of its widespread usage. Its continued relevance on the global scale has resulted in its adoption as one of the three official languages of the Commonwealth.