Zesmynia
Empire of Zesmynia Ⰸⰰⱄⰿⱔⱄⰽⱔ ⰲⰾⰰⰴⱌⰵⰲⱄⱅⰲⰺ Zasměské vladcevství | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Capital | Katvan |
| Largest | Zlatikopet |
| Official languages | Kavacian |
| Recognised national languages | Zvonian, Pari |
| Religion | Costeny |
| Government | Absolute monarchy |
• Emperor | Miroslav III |
• Chancellor | Lubor Naidenov |
| Legislature | Imperial Senate |
| Population | |
• 2018 estimate | 58,137,500 |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $2.46 trillion |
• Per capita | $42,400 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $2.24 trillion |
• Per capita | $38,600 |
| Gini | 39 medium |
| HDI | 0.913 very high |
| Currency | Zesmynian zlatý (ZSZ) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| Calling code | +05 |
| ISO 3166 code | ZES |
| Internet TLD | .zes |
Zesmynia (Kavacian: Ⰸⰰⱄⰿⱔⱄⰽⱁ Zasměsko), officially the Empire of Zesmynia (Kavacian: Ⰸⰰⱄⰿⱔⱄⰽⱔ ⰲⰾⰰⰴⱌⰵⰲⱄⱅⰲⰺ Zasměské vladcevství), is a sovereign state located in West Borea, bordered in clockwise order by Razaria, Volomeria, and Kheratia. It has a population of about 58.1 million, and is the 2nd most-populated country in West Borea after Luziyca. The capital city is Katvan while the largest city is Zlatikopet.
Etymology
'Zesmynia' is a near-direct derivation of the Kavacian-language endonym Zasměsko, which is in turn derived from the Zasem river, the largest river and most well-known geographic feature of Zesmynia. The river's name is from Later Sepcan, and has a direct ancestor in Old Sepcan dzaksim, meaning 'black/blue arm'. The river name was used to refer to the Zasem valley region that forms much of Zesmynia as early as the 5th century, becoming widely used by convention in the 8th century, and was easily accepted and adopted as the name of the imperial entity during the Formation of Zesmynia.
History
Prehistory and antiquity
Homo ergaster fossils have been found in eastern Zesmynia dating to about 1.1 million years ago, and the earliest settlements have been found to date to about the 8th millennium BCE. ??? culture and ??? culture sites have been found in Zesmynia, representing its major neolithic cultures, as well as substantially expansive presence of agriculture, pottery, and metallurgy. By about 2200 BCE, urban developments emerged on the Zasem river, driven by the efficient food production via irrigation that the river offered, and with it appeared the Zasem valley civilization. The civilization lasted only briefly before conquest by the Sepcans, a Monic people, in the 20th century BCE, and left little records of its culture.
As the Sepcans established an unified empire and began to settle, they founded new cities on the Zasem, and soon it became an important center in the Sepcan realm. The area was already heavily populated beforehand, and upon conquest most of them were rewarded to Sepcan nobles as serfs; this, coupled with acquisition of local leaders' property, drove the rise of Menew as nobles found themselves suddenly replete in resources of various sorts. The river valley correspondingly had a high concentration of fiefdoms. Khyual II's centralizing reforms in the 16th century BCE however confiscated most of these estates. The area was placed under first a system of prefectures overseen by appointed and supervised scribe-bureaucrats, and then a looser system of governorates known as rukens. However, ruken lords of the river valley area turned increasingly rebellious in the 14th century BCE, initiating a series of rebellions that led to the empire's eventual downfall.
After the collapse of the first Sepcan empire in the 13th century BCE, northern Zesmynia was largely still under the control of Sepcan elites, while the south saw the ascent of natives that was observed in most other parts of the former empire. The Kalian civilization developed on the Zesmynian coast, flourishing from the 11th to 4th centuries BCE in the form of seafaring kingdoms, before being conquered by the Lysandrene Empire. The Sepcan principalities upstream were gradually overthrown in the 7th century BCE after crippling natural disasters and famines, and replaced by indigenous elites, though the Sepcan population and presence was still significant. The Neo-Sepcan Empire, founded in western Kheratia, rapidly conquered the area in the 170s BCE in its rapid growth before sweeping south and conquering several of the old Kalian cities too, posing no small concern to the Lysandrenes.
The standoff between the Neo-Sepcan and Lysandrene empires manifested mostly through warfare on the Kalian coast, and control of southern Zesmynia constantly alternated. In the meantime, the Neo-Sepcan political and cultural core slowly shifted to the Zasem valley. This was unchanged after the Lysandrene empire's collapse and conquest of most of it by the Neo-Sepcans; the capital city of the now-triumphant Empire was practically permanently fixed at Brungun by the beginning of the 2nd century CE.
Tastanic era
Early Cositene period
In the 1050s, the Panoles plague began in Zesmynia, causing devastation through depopulating the area, and then the collapse of the Bibliocracy as well as Tastanism in general. This was concurrent with the Cositene expansion; the mass conversion of disgruntled peasantry, gentry, and nobility alike to Costeny and their consequent participation in the destruction of the Tastanic order sealed the fate of Tastanism and its institutions. Ostromysl was one of the first and most important nobles who converted to Costeny and spearheaded the destruction of Tastanic states in the Zasem valley area. Other nobles followed his example, to preserve their power as much as to demonstrate their piety.
By the 1070s the arrangement of states in Zesmynia was changed greatly, with the region now split between four main states: the Ostromyslovid Empire, the Pavakovid Empire, the Vladimirovid Empire, and the Eparchy of Namdania (the only obishty-republic among the four). Between them, they had ruthlessly and efficiently extirpated Tastanism politically and culturally. These states were ultimately rather short-lived however, being replaced in usurpations or absorbed by each other in a series of conflicts that were as bloody as the anti-Tastanic wars, waged as each of the rulers wished to attain a catholic dominance over the Cositene world as well as supremacy in the vein of the idea of Podslynitsia. Ironically the exhaustion of the Zasem valley, already depleted from the chaos of Panoles, from these wars made the importance of these states decline and the wars in the river valley never had serious regionwide implications as a result.
By the time the Investiture of Peregnevy put a temporary stop to the conflicts, Zesmynia was split between the Neo-Ostromyslovid Empire, the Premyslovid Empire, and the Kamosayevid Empire, and was economically exhausted, resulting in its eclipse by the Empire of Razaria as the Razarian Hegemony began. The rivalry between the three states was manipulated by Razaria to prevent any Zasem-based state from becoming too powerful. Devolution and other pressures of sualny split the three states into considerably smaller principalities both formally and effectively by the late 14th century. Although politically repressed, economically the reemerging prosperity of West Borea benefited the Zasem valley massively, laying the groundwork for its ascension in the 16th century.
First Empire
From 1508 to 1517, Myslivoj Blagoradov engineered the formation of Zesmynia through promoting a Sepcan-themed mandate to the Cositene community and Podslynitsia, unifying the Zasem valley. He instated the Chervenranovids, a 'blessed line' descending from both Great-Saint Zbyzlo and a Neo-Sepcan dynasty, on the newly created 'throne' of the river valley, but he and his Blagoradov family ruled in reality through the all-powerful office of 'Imperial Protector'. Blagoradov gained the support of most local rulers by preserving much of their autonomy under a sualnic framework, making the new Zesmynian 'state' significantly decentralized compared to its contemporaries. Fuelled by the Zasem valley's renewed economic prominence, the new Zesmynia ascended in the Zesmynian Hegemony quickly in the next few decades, defeating Razaria in the Berdovinian War (1544-47).
The period of Blagoradovid regents saw that family's extensive privileging in Zesmynia that caused the resentment of other powerful noble houses. Furthermore, under Dobrorad Blagoradov (Imperial Protector 1540-63) the Blagoradovs began to attempt to supplant the rulers of pre-Zesmynian divisions with a bureaucracy while curtailing the former's power, raising no small alarm among the nobility. The reign of the cruel and incompetent Chistivoj Blagoradov (Imperial Protector 1571-77) saw military setbacks in Boratia which then led to an attempt to violently purge the nobility. The nobles overthrew and executed Chistivoj in the 1577 White Peony Incident while diminuting the Blagoradovs' estate. In place of the autocracy of the Imperial Protector, the nobility established a chesa arrangement where they directly formed the apparatus of state which was now being used to further their own interests in a concordant agreement. The Chervenranovid emperor gained a new role as an arbiter of this arrangement, but remained restrained in his powers.
The Zesmynian Hegemony in the post-Blagoradov period seriously attempted to become a catholic authority over the Cositene world. This status was attained with a series of campaigns in the 1590s that earned Zesmynia the submission of all of its immediate neighbors and even the states of modern Luziyca. It also supported the development of diverse discourses in Cositene theology, and held a tolerant attitude with the emergence of the rivalry of the Black and White Lights. A sense of proto-divlenic nostalgia for the Sepcans also emerged with increasing reuse of Sepcan aesthetics and themes. For the first time in Cositene history a large-scaled policy of religious tolerance known as cultivationism was implemented. Arts and sciences also flowered with Zesmynian rulers becoming major patrons of such pursuits.
However the Zesmynian empire was considerably more loosely held together than its predecessor hegemon, and its dominance would be more short-lived. The podslynitsian comprehension of the regional order had ironically undermined Zesmynia's own status, tolerating the emergence of regional rivals, and a sense of symmetry between states appeared in West Borea as the universal status as vassals to the Zesmynian emperor (also frequently implied to be a 'Cositene emperor') positioned them as equals. The barriers to commerce between West Borean states instituted prior by Razaria to undermine their ability to strengthen was replaced by a system of free trade and easy passage between domains. This, along with a generally non-interventionist attitude of Zesmynia as a hegemon, allowed the different states in West Borea to come to parity in broad economic terms, and be able to truly rival each other as powers. The emerging issue of the falling status of Zesmynia itself was known as the 'illusion of supremacy'.
Aucuria became a major regional power thanks to the emerging trade between Conitia and West Borea in the 1670s, displacing Zesmynia's status nearly completely. Meanwhile the Delirium and Torpor struck Zesmynia as it did elsewhere causing a period of intellectual stagnation, and the emergence of xenophilic movements such as divleny and syncary. Zesmynia remained a stable and prosperous country if struck occasionally by rebellions or natural disasters, but in general its stagnation was undeniable. Some divlenic reforms such as a bureaucratic examination system were instituted but were limited due to worries of their displacement of the nobility's powers.
During the advent of industrialization and capitalism in the 17th century, Zesmynia's large population provided a high-demand market that both drove industrialized production and consumed its products. The empire became dependent economically on the emerging powers of Kovachovid Razaria and the Luziycan states in the 19th century. A self-strengthening movement attempted to industrialize and modernize the country beginning in the 1820s. Initially opposed due to their support of bureaucracy and managerialism, in the 1830s they picked up surprising endorsement from nobles, who wanted to relieve themselves of economic external dependence.
Under the direction of Ljubomir Kaštovec (Chancellor 1830-47) and with support of emperor Tokten (r. 1826-43) Zesmynia industrialized, and adopted protectionist policies to compete against other powers. Zesmynian nabories expanded into Nunalik and Kheratia, and even began colonial ventures in Namor and Nautasia. The country even established good relations in East Borea by presenting itself as a follower of Eastern political principles and ideas. Zesmynian prestige had rapidly rose in a short period known as the Daylily years (1833-53).
This abrupt ascendancy worried powers such as Razaria however, and had also displeased them as the Kaštovec government's protectionism closed a previously important unfettered market for industrial goods, not to mention presenting competitors. Kaštovec's tendencies of centralization modelled upon East Borean government also raised for his program many enemies. Foreign-backed sabotage first engineered the downfall of Kaštovec, but the powerful in Zesmynia were not intent on stopping their own rise; thus to secure the West Borean order they had created Razaria and ??? invaded and occupied Zesmynia in the Kodotun War (1853-56).
Partition
After the Kodotun War Razaria and ??? divided Zesmynia by the Zasem river, the northern valley entering the Razarian sphere of influence and the southern valley ???'s. Besides annexing territory from Zesmynia, both countries carved the remaining territory into small client states that were formally inducted into their spheres of influence via membership in a Monic-inspired tributary system. Careful measures were taken to ensure these states' dependence on their suzerains and inability to assert economic independence.
The pull these two states exerted on the post-Kodotun states decreased steadily since the partition for various reasons such as domestic unrest and Zesmynian restorationist agitation. By the 1880s maintaining control over the 'Zesmynian vassals' was very difficult and reunification sentiment was on the rise. In 1890, Ljuti II of Razaria permitted the reformation of the Zesmynian state in the Razarian region in an attempt to create a dependable and controllable ally.
Second Empire, the Restorations, and the Vilcharskian Wars
The newly established Second Empire, with a throne held by the Chernydvorovids, was still heavily subservient to Razarian interests, but its emperor Boleslav II was independent-minded and became difficult to control. Boleslav maintained general amicability with Razaria and a semblance of supplication, but reestablished the influence networks Zesmynia developed in the Daylily era through economic ventures under a private cloak. He was also able to achieve general resumption of development, resulting in what was known as the 'Chernydvorovid restoration'. Zesmynia slowly eclipsed a declining Razaria; when Boleslav II died in 1902, his son Šekvan openly declared the end of any formal or effective submissive relationship to Razaria. Šekvan aggressively championed Zesmynia's expansion, conquering southern Zesmynia in the Šekvanian War (1904-08). He also attempted to remove the power of the nobility in favor of an autocracy centred on himself, with the support of divlenist pro-centralization reformists.
However, by 1916 Šekvan's program ran into trouble on all fronts, and like its neighbors Zesmynia became mired in political and economic crisis. In the winter of 1916 the Tukatovids launched a coup d'etat and usurped the throne. The first Tukatovid emperor, Sobeslav II, was amicable to noble interests that had supported him, but when he died in 1919 his successor Temnebor was an staunch advocate of divlenic autocracy and promoted the polymath Mirokar Vilčarsky to Chancellor, tasking him with expanding the imperial state's power.
Vilčarsky, a follower of ???, turned Zesmynia into a totalitarian state with political power nearly monopolized by a ???ist party. His 'Vilcharskian restoration' saw tremendous state-led economic growth, social stability, and gain of international prestige, but was also criticized for its oppression, the suppression of dissent, and encroachments on noble interests. However, Vilčarsky was able to avoid making enemies with the entire noble class which would have been lethal for him through befriending many nobles via political concessions, and using them as allies against those that opposed him. The development of industry, military, and influence made Zesmynia a great power by the 1930s.
Vilčarsky then initiated the Vilcharskian Wars, a series of conflicts driven by Zesmynian expansionism that caused chaos throughout West Borea. Zesmynia invaded ??? in 193?, and then invaded Kheratia in 1940. The 'wartime emperor', Čejvo, gave full support to these ventures. Unfortunately the protracted and devastating total war depleted Zesmynia's strength and by 1953 it was losing ground to Kheratian counteroffensives; by 1956 Kheratia overran Zesmynia. Vilčarsky himself died in 1953 from overworking. As the country was occupied, the imperial government was evacuated but local noble domains continued to fight Kheratians and their collaborators to prevent the establishment of a socialist state, prolonging the war. The Gozar War (1958-59) briefly overspilled into Zesmynia as Razarian troops entered the country to support anti-Kheratian forces. Luziyca, alarmed by the expansion of socialist influence, supported the restoration of imperial authority and secured the establishment of a new government in 1959, using military threats to force exhausted Kheratian forces to withdraw.