Caledonia
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Republic of Caledonia | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "Ceartas, Aonachd, Neart" "Justice, Unity, Strength" | |
 Map of Caledonia in Lorecia | |
| Capital and largest city | Baltyre |
| Official languages | Caledonian, Ryhull, Velgi, Nynorsk, Valkean, Kerlyn and Lax |
| Demonym(s) | Caledonians |
| Government | Federal parliamentary republic |
| Peadair Lobhdain | |
| Ainslie MacKinnel | |
| Legislature | Pàrlamaid |
| Taigh Uarach | |
| Taigh Iarach | |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 32,410,345 |
• 2015 census | 30,899,752 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $1.597 trillion |
• Per capita | $49,289 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $1.570 trillion |
• Per capita | $48,461 |
| Gini (2020) |  29.3low |
| HDI (2020) |  0.889very high |
| Currency | Punt (PCA) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +55 |
| ISO 3166 code | CAL |
| Internet TLD | .ca |
Caledonia, officially the Republic of Caledonia (Caledonian: Poblachd Caledonia), is a federal republic located on northern Lorecia. It borders clockwise, Nynorsk Ostlijord, Artoszka, Plätteisen Adler, Western Tundra, Ostrothia and Valkea. Although it is one of the largest countries in the region by land area, most of the territory is practically uninhabited by its northern location. Most of the population is concentrated in the southern region, near the border with Valkea and Ostrothia and along the eastern coasts. Caledonia's capital city is Baltyre and other important metropolitan regions are [[_]], [[_]] and [[_]].
Caledonia traces its origins to the early duchies formed in the eastern gulf and southern regions. Valkean and Nynorsk influences forced the consolidation of Baltyre and the early formation of the Kingdom of Caledonia, which gradually expanded throughout the centuries across most of the north of Lorecia. Conflicts with Vikings arose during the tenth century, period in which Christianisation took place in most of the inhabited territory with the proclamation of someone as King of Caledonians. During the sixteenth century, unclear succession lines provoked a civil war between Caledonians and Ryhulls over the proclamation of the next king, which concluded with the territory's conversion to Protestantism. In the latter half of the seventeenth century, Caledonia consolidated its territory and, on the ascension of someone to the throne, the Empire of Caledonia was proclaimed. Soon after, the first colonial expeditions were initiated, with a significant presence in the south of Astyria. During the eighteenth century, an early industrialisation would commence around Baltyre and other important urban centres fuelled mainly by the presence of the railway. However, despite its land mass and population, the country would remain stagnated behind other industrial Lorecian powers like Noordenstaat and Valkea.
During the early twentieth century, the country accelerated its industrialisation through a set of protectionist laws that restricted imports in favour of national produce. These measures rapidly caused diplomatic conflicts with surrounding nations like Aswick and Aquitayne and the country started a period of isolation, which proved effective to the monarchy as it countered the republican spirit that surrounded the Valkean Revolt of 1916. However, with the burst of the Great Astyrian War, Caledonia did not remain neutral and joined the Northern Powers on behalf of personal treaties signed with other monarchies. The country would not remain in conflict until its end as financial shortages caused the expansion of social discontent against the monarchs. These resulted in protests that ended the nation's involvement in the Great War and a series of concessions were made by the monarch, which ultimately concluded with their exile and the proclamation of the Republic of Caledonia in 1924. The post-war period was characterised by political and economical stability; in the regional scenario, early governments adopted a special neutrality policy, which allowed Caledonia to expand its ties with Valkea's Kansallist governments and Lorecian liberal powers. Labour governments emphasised in large industrialisation processes and in the 1960s, the discovery of oil in the north of Caledonia helped the expansion and consolidation of an important welfare state.
Caledonia counts with one of the highest GDP per-capita of Lorecia and Astyria and usually ranks high in Human Development Index, press freedom and overall happiness. The country is a federal parliamentary republic as specified by its constitution, with a large degree of autonomy granted to its states. The President of Caledonia serves as the head of state while the Prime Minister as head of government; the bicameral legislature is composed by the Taigh Uarach and the Taigh Iarach. Caledonia is a member of the Vinstrian Union.
History
Geography
Caledonia is in Northern Lorecia and lies between 53 and 74 degrees north of the equator. It is shaped by deep fjords and jagged headlands along its coast, which faces north and east toward the Atlpacinarcticadian Ocean, that give the country an almost fractal appearance on maps. It is a large country, more than 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) from north to south and nearly 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) from east to west. It covers some 3,473,314 square kilometres (1,341,054 sq mi). It is sparsely populated, as its mountainous topography and harsh, cold climate make life difficult away from the coast. Consequently, the main population centres are by the sea in the southeast. The capital, Baltyre, experiences the most mild climate of anywhere in Caledonia.
Caledonia's borders are mountainous and have been important natural boundaries throughout the country's entire history. In the southwest, along the borders with Ostrothia and the Western Tundra (now Varddi), the mountains descend sharply to their foothills. Similar geographies are found around the border with Plätteisen Adler. As a result, the southern corners of Caledonia are more habitable than most of the rest of the country. Toward the interior of the continent, however, the mountains rise to heights of over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The country's highest ranges are mostly found in the northwest, with vast cordilleras containing hundreds of peaks that have never been summited of heights between 2,000–4,000 m (6,600–13,100 ft). Between these large mountain regions lies the Clàr Mòr, meaning Great Plateau, one of the highest plateaux in Astyria with average elevations between 1,100–1,600 metres (3,600–5,200 ft). The country's highest point is Beinn Maoirthighearna, a mountain 4,026 m (13,209 ft) in height.
Climate
Politics and government
Caledonia is a Federal Parliamentary Republic. Its head of state is the President of Caledonia, who holds a largely representative role. Federal legislative power is vested in the bicameral Caledonian Pàrlamaid which is comprised of two houses the Taigh Uarach and the Taigh Iarach. The government is led by the Prime Minister of Caledonia, currently Ainslie MacKinnel. The Prime Minister exercises power through their cabinet. Caledonia is a multi-party democracy with several main political parties including [],[],[] and [].
Federal elections are conducted approximately every four years, Elections can be held earlier in exceptional constitutional circumstances: for example, were the Prime Minister to lose a vote of confidence in the Pàrlamaid with voting being eligible to all Caledonian citizens over the age of 18. Members are elected directly to the lower chamber of the Pàrlamaid. Caledonia has a highly independent judiciary with both Federal and State actions subject to judicial review.
Administrative divisions
Caledonia gives a number of powers to its constituent states. Each state has a constitution, legislature and are largely autonomous.