Duke of Adrianople
| Dukedom of Adrianople | |
|---|---|
File:Coronet of a Prince of Latium.png | |
| Creation date | 3 January 1046 |
| Creation | 2nd creation |
| Peerage | Peerage of Latium |
| First holder | Peter I of Adrianople |
| Last holder | Prince Jason |
| Remainder to | special case (male-preference) |
| Subsidiary titles |
|
| Status | Extinct – Merged with the Crown on succession of Jason VI Augustus |
| Extinction date | 24 May 1997 |
The Duke of Adrianople were a collection of dukes, and kings that reigned over the Latin city of Adrianople and even much of western Latium as independent rulers from 1059 until 1428 when the kingdom was reintegrated into the united Latin Empire. The Kingdom of Adrianople is a historiographical term created after the existence of the realm to differentiate it from what was recognized as the Latin Empire. Throughout the entire 285 year existence of the realm, the Claudii rulers of Adrianople claimed to be the rightful Latin Emperors, due to the first king's status as the youngest son of Empress Maria Augusta and Michael V.
At its largest territorial extent, the rulers of Adrianople controlled much of western and southwestern Latium, including Iasonia, Utica, Aarhusium and Rutupiae. The Monarchs of Adrianople even controlled most of the territory composing the modern-day border region with Lyncanestria, including the counties of Gelonia and Olybrium, from 1059 until 1149. The early dominance of Adrianople over Latium is often attributed the reinforcement levies from western Latium proper never reaching Audonia.
The sovereignty of Adrianople's monarchs came to an end on 28 November 1489, when Michael I (Michael VI as Latin pretender) was defeated in battle outside of the modern-day city of Colonia Julia. Michael sued for peace, relinquished his claims on the Latin throne, and submitted to Emperor Alexander XIV. While Michael still held control over a sizable amount of territory, he was enabled to retain his non-imperial titles and swore fealty to Alexander XIV as the 26th Duke of Adrianople.
History
The Monarchy of Adrianople traces its roots to the Imperial Latin pretender rulers following the devastating military defeats of the Latin legions across Belisaria, and assassination of Latin Emperor Peter III in 1059. Months before, the Latin armies led by Prince Constantine, heir and eldest child of Empress Maria I Augusta was killed during the Battle of Saint-Nazaire while fighting rebellious Audonian and allied armies. The death of Prince Constantine left the armies in disarray, though his brother Prince Peter was said to have taken command afterwards, and saw the retreat from the Vannoisian frontier to defensible positions in modern-day Lihndos, where they were unable to sustain any hold on defenses. Prince Constantine's death reportedly drove Empress Maria Augusta to depression, resulting in her death later that year. She was succeeded by Constantine's only son Maurice, whom was only 9 years old.
Latin forces were continuing to withdraw from the north and Vannoisian frontier in 1404 when a coup led by Hellenic senators assassinated the young emperor Peter III in Ascanium, naming general Theodosius of Ostia the rightful Emperor, breaking the nearly 1000 years rule of the Claudii. Hearing word of his nephew's assassination, Prince Peter ordered his retreat to fall back to the city of Mauriopolis after ordering his commanders in Adrianople to raise the local levies.
The Anarchy
The assassination of Emperor Maurice initiated a nearly ten year long civil war between the recently proclaimed and Senate backed Emperor John V and the Claudii, led by Prince Peter who proclaimed himself Emperor Peter VI of the Latins. The civil war ultimately did not result in a victory for either faction and saw Latium proper split in half, with the Latin emperors ruling from Ascanium in the east and the Claudii ruling from the west in Adrianople.
Family Seat
List of title holders
Sovereigns of Adrianople
Throughout the course of the Sovereignty of Adrianople, the Claudii rulers continued to proclaim their status as the lawful Latin emperors in an unbroken line from Emperor Philip I in 372. When receiving, or entertaining, dignitaries or other nobles, the Claudii rulers of Adrianople kept with the long old tradition of addressing the ruler as "Caesar" with the chief among his titles being "Latin Emperor" The Claudii rulers of Adrianople claimed the following Imperial titles:
- the Most Pious and Blessed, Serene and Noble, Unconquered and Universal, Latin Emperor, Apostolic King of Castellum, and Alba, Father of the Fatherland, First Citizen of Senate, He Who Commands the Tides of Our Sea, Ruler faithful in Christ, and Sword of Christ
In addition the Emperor in Adrianople was also the Duke of Adrianople, which is the official reference for the Adrianople rulers among Latin Imperial records of the era.
| Name | Portrait | Arms | Birth | Marriages | Death | Claim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter I (IV) Spurius Michael Iasonis Petrus 19 June 1059 – 31 August 1099 |
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3 January 1027 Palatina Son of Maria I Augusta and Michael VI |
(1) PLACEHOLDER Sancta Sapientia DATE 2 children (2) PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 2 children |
28 August 1080 Adrianople aged 71 |
Uncle of Peter III |
| Constantine I (XV) Gaius Iason Felix Alexander 31 August 1099 – 4 March 1115 |
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16 September 1065 Palatium Supranio Son of Peter I and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 3 children |
4 March 1115 Adrianople aged 50 |
Son of Peter I |
| Michael I (VI) Gaius Michael Iason Felix Arcadius 4 March 1115 – 13 June 1132 |
|
|
22 August 1094 Palatium Supranio Son of Constantine I and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 7 children |
13 June 1132 Adrianople aged 38 |
Son of Constantine I |
| Leo I (VII) Flavius Leo Iason Isidorus Iohannes 13 June 1132 – 28 August 1151 |
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|
1113 Palatium Supranio Son of Michael I and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Palatium Supranio DATE 4 children |
28 August 1151 Adrianople aged 38 |
Son of Michael I |
| Jason I (VI) Marcus Iasonis Constantinus Hadrianus 28 August 1151 – 22 April 1194 |
[[File:|100px]] |
|
1131 Palatium Supranio Son of Leo I and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 2 children |
22 April 1194 Augusta Tolosa aged 63 |
Son of Leo I |
| Constantine II (VXI) Flavius Hadrianus Leo Constantinus 22 April 1194 – 1 December 1229 |
[[File:|100px]] |
|
1184 Palatium Supranio Son of Constantine of Adrianople and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 1 child |
1 December 1229 Pons Claudii aged 45 |
Grandson of Jason I |
| Leo II (VIII) Gaius Hadrianus Leo Philippus 1 December 1229 – 13 April 1245 |
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1200 Palatium Supranio Son of Constantine II and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Palatium Supranio DATE 4 children |
13 April 1245 Aarhusium aged 45 |
Son of Constantine II |
| Peter II (V) Lucius Petrus Iasonis Iohannes 13 April 1245 – 9 May 1267 |
[[File:|100px]] |
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1219 Palatium Supranio Son of Leo II and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 2 children |
9 May 1267 Ascanium aged 48 |
Son of Leo II |
| Consatantine III (XVII) Vopiscus Constantinus Andreas Iohannes 9 May 1267 – 26 February 1311 |
[[File:|100px]] |
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1254 Palatium Supranio Son of John, Duke of Oea and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 4 children |
26 February 1311 Olympia aged 57 |
Grandson of Peter II |
| Jason II (VII) Gaius Iasonis Philipus Silvester 26 February 1311 – 2 September 1361 |
[[File:|100px]] |
|
1286 Palatium Supranio Son of Constantine III and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Basilica of the Blessed Virgin DATE 3 children |
2 September 1361 Adrianople aged 75 |
Son of Constantine III |
| Andreas I (III) Andreas Silvius Petrus Theodosius 2 September 1361 – 1 November 1400 |
[[File:|100px]] |
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1330 Palatium Supranio Son of Constantine III and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Palatium Supranio DATE 3 children |
1 November 1400 Salassorum aged 70 |
Grandson of Jason II |
| John I (III) Gaius Constans Iohannes Valerius Maximanus 1 November 1400 – 25 June 1419 |
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1370 Villa d'Iuliabona Son of Adrian of Adrianople and Maria of Adrianople |
PLACEHOLDER Oea DATE 6 children |
25 June 1419 Adrianople aged 49 |
Nephew of Andreas I |
| Constantine IV (XVIII) Flavius Michael Constantinus Iustinus 25 June 1419 – 28 November 1428 |
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1395 Palatium Supranio Son of John I and PLACEHOLDER |
PLACEHOLDER Palatium Supranio DATE 6 children |
4 August 1448 Castellum ab Alba aged 54 |
Son of John I |
Dukes of Adrianople
- Other titles: Duke of Tolosa, Marchis of Philadelphia, Count of Corcyra, Count of Colonia Julia, Viscount of Aarhusium, High Lord of Gelonia, Lord of Oea, Lord of Olympia, Lord of Durolipons, Master of the Aventine, Exarch of Karchidonia, and Prince of An–Oriant, and Lord Palatine of the Occidens.
- Constantine Claudius, 17th Duke of Adrianople (1395–1449)
- Alexander Claudius, 18th Duke of Adrianople, son of Constantine (1421–1471)
- Leo Claudius, 19th Duke of Adrianople, son of Alexander (1442–1483)
- Jason Claudius 20th Duke of Adrianople, son of Leo (1475–1524)
- Maria Claudia, 21st Duchess of Adrianople, daughter of Jason (1525–1577)
- Philip Claudius, 22nd Duke of Adrianople, son of Maria (1544–1579)
- John Claudius, 23rd Duke of Adrianople, brother of Philip (1546–1600)
- Philip Claudius, 24th Duke of Adrianople, son of John (1564–1621)
- Michael Claudius, 25th Duke of Adrianople, son of Philip (1579–1655)
- Donus Claudius, 26th Duke of Adrianople, son of Michael (1617–1666)
- Clementius Claudius, 27th Duke of Adrianople, grandson of Donus (1664–1677)
- Leo Claudius, 28th Duke of Adrianople , uncle of Clementius (1658–1705)
- Adrian Claudius, 29 Duke of Adrianople, son of Leo (1689–1714)
- Constantine Claudius, 30th Duke of Adrianople, son of Adrian (1724–1779)
- Jason Claudius, 31st Duke of Adrianople, son of Constantine (1753–1782)
- Leo Claudius, 32nd Duke of Adrianople, son of Jason (1777–1830)
- Isidorus Claudius , 33rd Duke of Adrianople, son of Leo (1809–1871)
- Peter Claudius, 34th Duke of Adrianople, son of Isidorus (1826–1914)
- Theodosius Claudius, 35th Duke of Adrianople, eldest son of Peter (1867–1930)
- Jason Claudius, 36th Duke of Adrianople, eldest son of Theodosius (1900-1981)
- Prince Leo, Duke of Apennina, eldest son of Jason (1929–1997)
- Jason VI Augustus of Latium, eldest son of Leo (1963–2017)
- Constantine XX of Latium, eldest son of Jason (b. 1994)