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Coian Wars

Etruro-Estmerish Wars
From top left clockwise: The EMS Bellissimia sinking at the Battle of San Stefano; Estmerish soldiers at the Battle of Beit Muktar; Etrurian attack on Fort Camberwell; Charge of Estmere's 11th Lancers at the Battle of Gangigar; Etrurians during the Siege of Bandaran
Date 15 June 1869 - 20 November 1880 (11 years, 5 months, 5 days) Location Coius, Hydana Result Treaty of Westbrücken Etrurian recognition of Estmerish treaty ports in Zorasan Etrurian annexation of West Cyrenia Estmerish annexation of Bandar Amal
Belligerents
Estmere Buckland Template:Country data Florena	Etruria
Commanders and leaders
William II Gower Lewes (1869-1871) Marquis Great Saint Ouen (1871-1880) Template:Country data Florena Joaquim III	Giulio Vittorio III (1869-1872) Giulio Vittorio IV (1872-1880) Aurelio Cesare Cipriani
Strength
215,000 regulars and militia at peak	300,000 regulars and militia at peak
Casualties and losses
58,482 total casualties 6,755 killed in action 3,847 died of wounds 24,580 died of disease 23,280 wounded	23,684 killed in action 76,112 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes

The Etruro-Estmerish Wars, (Etrurian: Guerre Etruro-Estmeringhe), known in Etruria as the Coian Wars (Vespasian: Guerre Coiano) were a series of major conflicts pitting the Kingdom of Estmere against the Kingdom of Etruria, that took place between 1869 and 1880. The wars stemmed from competing colonial interests in Coius and Hydana, and a naval arms race. The wars are often categorised into three conflicts, the First (1869-1871), the Second (1873-1875) and Third (1878-1880).

From 1832 onward, the Kingdom of Etruria dramatically expanded across northern Coius, completing the conquests of Zorasan in 1853, Badawiya in 1856 and established the Dominion of Etrurian Hydana in 1859. However, the lucerative trade gained by a strong presence in the Solarian and Mazdan Seas also drew in other colonial powers. In 1849, Estmere gained the treaty port of Bandar Ehsan from the decaying Gorsanid dynasty, this was followed by Bandar Hussein in 1850 and Chalandar in 1852, while Estmere consolidated its own colonial posessions in Hydana. The presence of Estmerish concession ports on the Mazdan and Solarian Seas became a prominent issue within the Etrurian government. The militarisation of Estmerish ports sparked a major diplomatic crisis as Etruria ceased to recognise Estmere's treaty ports and considered them "illegal possessions of Etrurian colonial territory." Repeated negotiations failed to alleviate concerns and tensions.

In late May and early June 1869, a series naval skirmishes took place between the Regia Marina Etruriana and the Royal Navy of Estmere, leaving two Estmerish merchant vessels and a frigate sunk. While the skirmishes were directed by the Etrurian government to entice Estmerish acquiescence in negotiations, the latter deployed a steam-powered frigate to Chalandar, where it was intercepted and sunk on June 10 1869, killing all 183 onboard. On June 15, Estmere declared war on Etruria, sparking the First Etruro-Estmerish War. Between 1869 and 1871, the Etrurians launched repeated raids and attacks on Estmerish possessions in Coius and inflicted a devastating defeat on the Royal Navy at the Battle of Caprera in November 1870. In 1871, the Etrurians captured Chalandar and Bandar Hussein, resulting in peace under the Treaty of Poveglia, which saw both territories ceded to Etruria, while Estmere was prohibited from militarising Bandar Ehsan.

Between 1871 and 1873 however, both countries regularly skirmished across the Solarian Basin, while land-based skirmishes took place in Hydana. Eager to restore national prestige, Estmere on September 10 1873, declared war once more, launching a surprise naval attack on the southern Etrurian port of San Giorgio, sinking or damaging six ships, this was followed by an invasion of Etrurian Hydana from Mathrabumi. The Royal Navy scored a redeeming victory over Regia Marina at the Battle of Samnagar, where it sank eight ships to one loss, including an Etrurian ironclad. Despite victories at sea, Etrurian forces in Hydana scored major victories at the Battle of Ghulam Jan and Battle of Kawas, pushing Estmerish forces back into Mathrabumi, where ultimately the Estmerish secured a stalemate on land. At sea, both navies played cat-and-mouse, denying a decisive engagement. The stalemate continued for a further year, where peace was once again settled with the Treaty of Sirand, which maintained the status-quo in 1875.

Between 1875 and 1878, both sides rapidly expanded their fleets, while the Etrurians steadily deployed further forces to its Hydanian possessions in aim of seizing Estmerish Hydana and Bandar Ehsan in a third and final confrontation. Estmere for its part, sought to inflict a decisive blow on Etrurian naval forces to deter any further attacks in the future, while it also plotted to expand into Zorasan. Aided by Floren spies and ports, Estmere was able to deploy its largest fleet yet to the Solarian Sea without alerting Etruria. On 5 May 1878, Etruria declared war upon Estmere, while deploying much of its naval power to sea. Splitting its force in two, one fleet was met by the Estmerish at the Battle of Cape Norfeu, where Estmere scored a devastating victory. The Etrurian invasion of Mathrabumi was met by prepared Estmerish defences and within five months resulted in an Etrurian rout. Despite the Regia Marina’s victory at the Battle of Mazdavand Bay, the naval losses and the transporting of over 50,000 Estmerish forces from northern Bahia resulted in Etruria suing for peace in 1880. The third war resulted in the return of Bandar Hussein and Chalandar, alongside the recognition of Bandar Ehsan, while Etruria was granted dominion over the Kazaristan Corridor.

The Treaty of Westbrucken brought stability and peace to Etrurian-Estmerish Hydana, ending one of the bloodiest conflicts between two colonial powers. The wars had profound consequences on global history, including the spread of nationalism and liberalism, the advancement of naval technology and warfare. The Treaty also brought together Etruria, Estmere and Werania, who used the treaty as momentum toward the Trilateral Peace, which in turn evolved into the Trilateral Alliance in 1899, in face of the rising dominance of Gaullica, a key cause of the Great War.

Solarian War

Solarian War
Date 7 July 1942 - 17 October 1946 (4 years, 3 months, 10 days) Location Euclea, Coius, Hydana Result Treaty of Ashcombe Unconditional surrender of Etruria Collapse of the Etrurian Revolutionary Republic Independence for Etrurian colonial possessions Establishment of the Euclean Community
Belligerents
Etrurian Revolutionary Republic	Template:Country data Florena Piraea
Strength
3,800,000 at peak
Casualties and losses
1.3 million military deaths 850,000 civilian deaths
2.8-3.5 million civilians killed or wounded 4-5 million civilians displaced