Valtriva
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Republic of Valtriva Vespublijän Valtrijva | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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Motto: "Käsetenjucky jaukevisky me kenetymmenieć" "Through Resilience We Shall Thrive" | |
| Capital and largest city | Aketerina |
| Recognised national languages | Valtrivan |
| Recognised regional languages | Valimian |
| Demonym(s) | Valtrivan |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Zuzanna Länić | |
• Premier | Aleksander Meneven |
| Legislature | State Assembly |
| Establishment | |
• Foundation of Kingdom of Valtriva | 1240 |
• Valimian Imperial Period | 1703 |
• Independence and Republic | 1922 |
• War with Rovina and regaining of Aketerina | 1946 |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 15,426,722 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $262 billion |
• Per capita | $18,000 |
| HDI (2021) | 0.87 very high |
| Currency | Valtrivan kruuna (VAK) |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .va |
Valtriva (Valtrivan: Valtrijva), officially known as the Republic of Valtriva (Valtrivan: Vespublijän Valtrijva), is a country and unitary parliamentary republic in eastern Berea. Valtriva borders Valimia to the east and Rovina and Dulebia to the west. Valtriva has a population of 15,426,722 and an area of -----km squared (-----miles squared). Valtriva's largest city and capital is Aketerina.
Various tribes lived in what is now modern Valtriva. Ingrian migrations occurred in 300 BC. The city of Aketerina was founded under the name Miekva. The Valimic migrations have had a great deal of influence over the Valtrivan language and customs which over time greatly changed and caused the language to become completely different to its predecessor.
Over time there were multiple Rovinian invasions of the north what is now Valtriva. The city of Miekva fell to Rovina in [Insert date here]. The Valtrivan nobility moved south to Prodinja. When the Cambran-Hesurian Empire under Otto II of Mascylla invaded Rovina in 1020 they took advantage of the weakened Rovinian state and with support from northern sympathisers retook Miekva which was renamed to Aketerina in honour of King Ivan III’s daughter of the same name. The expansion of the empire of Zengui in the 12th century threatened the Kingdom of Valtriva. Certain members of the nobility who opposed their rule were done away with, however those who sided with them became vassal rulers.
After the empire collapsed in 1240 the Kingdom of Valtriva was reborn and continued to develop culturally and economically with the cities of Aketerina, Prodinja and Nyokovna growing in size and the development of Valtrivan cuisines, dress and society. There were minor rebellions in Nyokovna in the late 1600s which weakened the position as rulers of Valtriva as the people demanded a larger role in the running of the country. This weakness in the monarchy’s position and overall tension in the country led to the Valimian Empire being able to take advantage of this and invade in 1703, removing the Valtrivan monarch and replacing them with a pro-Valimian Governor. There were revolts against Valimian rule in the late 1700s which were extremely disorganised and achieved very little. In the mid 1800s Valtriva was granted its own Parliament in Aketerina which simmered growing resentment that had been building towards Valimian rule. In the 1880s and 1890s there were growing nationalist sentiments and publications. Using the Valtrivan language was becoming more popular leading to a rapid development in culture and language. This culminated in a rebellion in Aketerina in 1897 which failed miserably.
During the Great War Valtrivan men were conscripted en masse with Valtrivan nationalists using the war as an example of the way that Valtrivans are used as subordinates for Valimian aims, again this culminated in anti-Valimian protests all over Valtriva in the 1910s. With Valimia being in a weakened position after the war Valimian nationalist fractioned into constitutionalists and separatists, the prior wanting Valtriva to remain under Valimian rule with more self-determination whilst the latter wanted to achieve total independence by any, oftentimes violent means. The Valtrivan rebels began fighting Valimian troops and police as well as orchestrating attacks on government buildings. The so-called Valtrivan War of Independence lasted for a year and a half between 1920 and 1922 when a weakened Valimia gave into separatist demands after sustained fighting and Vaktrova became an independent republic. In the aftermath of the breakup of the Valimian Empire Valtriva was without the city of Aketerina as its traditional capital as it had been absorbed by Rovina during the conflict. This led to the government being seated in Nyokovna and a lengthy period of tension between Valtriva and Rovina. When the Rovinian Civil War began in the 1940s Valtriva saw its opportunity and declared war on Rovina to take back its former territory and the city of Aketerina which was immediately returned to its status as the nation's capital once hostilities ended. Valtriva went on to recover from its turbulent start to the century and transform both politically and economically, as it joined the Telmerian Union which precipitated an unprecedented economic boom in the 1980s and 1990s.
History
Prehistory and Antiquity
Middle Ages
Zengui conquest
Second Valtrivan Kingdom
Valtriva under Valimian rule
Wars of independence
War with Rovina
Modern history
Geography
Valtriva is a landlocked country located in Eastern Berea. It covers a total area of [] and borders Valimia to the east, Rovina and Dulebia to the west. Generally Valtriva is split into three geographic areas. The northern flatter portion of the country which is the most densely populated, the middle section often called the ‘Upland’ which is characterised by rolling hills and pastures, Forrest and lakes and the most eastern portion of the country known colloquially as the Valtrivan highlands which are primarily made up of the towering Ejeva Mountains making up the eastern border with Valimia. The Ejeva ranges curve until they meet the Verhoyansk Plateau in the south and east. A third of Valtriva is covered in forests which have become a staple of Valtrivan national culture and folklore. The centre of Valtriva is also dominated by large lakes which stretch across the country’s middle.
The Ejeva Mountains span from Valtriva’s northeastern to southeastern edge. They are characterised by glaciers, waterfalls and in its foothills wide meadows and forests. The tallest of all of these peaks, nineteen of them being 4,000 m (13,000 ft) high in altitude or higher, is Kurolni which reaches 4,566 m (14,980.3 ft) in height above sea level, making it the highest peak in Berea. Thanks to its large mountains Valtriva also has a multitude of rivers the vast majority of which flow from the Ejeva range. The three main rivers of Valtriva are the Miekna, Korda and Liva. The longest is the Miekna which flows from the Ejeva mountains, through into the Valtrivan uplands where it flows into lake Kzida before flowing out again through to the Valtrivan lowlands where it flows through the capital Aketerina. All together it runs for 1,074 km. Valtriva is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. Wildlife in the Ejeva mountains include the brown bear, wolf, Berean lynx and Berean bison. Flora includes vast forests of broadleaf deciduous trees, pine, spruce and beech meadows are a common occurrence in the foothills of the Ejevas.
Climate
Valtriva experiences a generally temparate but continental climate with relatively warm summers and cold winters, while the alpine climate is predominant. Weather varies greatly between highland and lowland areas with lowland areas being much warmer on average. In the lowlands exceptional summer temperatures may reach 30°C. In winter this average ranges from -7 to 12°C in lowland areas in particular those surrounding Aketerina. There are four distinct seasons: summer, autumn, winter and spring. In the summer months temperatures average 25-27°C in the lowlands and 16-20°C in the uplands. In the highlands these temperatures are considerably less. In autumn the average temperature is 12°C and is characterised by damp, mild weather in the beginning of the season before becoming dramatically colder by the seasons end. Winter is the coldest time of year and temperatures range around 3 and -12°C and the season brings heavy snowfall especially in highland areas. Spring is characterised by the melting of the winter snow although not in the highlands, and temperatures ranging from 7-12°C gradually warming as you approach May.
| Climate data for Valtriva | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37.4) |
5 (41) |
12 (53.6) |
19 (66.2) |
25 (77) |
29 (84.2) |
30 (78.8) |
25 (77) |
19 (66.2) |
16 (60.8) |
8 (46.4) |
3 (37.4) |
16 (60.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2 (28.4) |
−1 (30.2) |
6 (42.8) |
12 (53.6) |
19 (66.2) |
21 (69.8) |
23 (73.4) |
22 (71.6) |
17 (62.6) |
12 (53.6) |
5 (41) |
−1 (30.2) |
11 (52.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6 (21.2) |
−6 (21.2) |
−1 (30.2) |
5 (41) |
8 (46.4) |
14 (57.2) |
15 (59) |
14 (57.2) |
10 (50) |
6 (42.8) |
−1 (30.2) |
−5 (23) |
4 (39.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 49 (1.9) |
47 (1.9) |
48 (1.9) |
52 (2.0) |
88 (3.5) |
77 (3.0) |
54 (2.1) |
51 (2.0) |
49 (1.9) |
48 (1.9) |
46 (1.8) |
47 (1.9) |
656 (25.8) |
| Average rainy days | 6 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 112 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 83 | 75 | 70 | 68 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 88 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 70 | 82 | 139 | 177 | 182 | 250 | 277 | 275 | 214 | 160 | 82 | 63 | 1,971 |
| Source 1: Aketerina Meteorological Service | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Valtriva | |||||||||||||
Subdivisions
Politics and government
Valtriva is a unitary parliamentary republic. The executive is made up of the head of state in the form of the President who is elected every five years by party-list proportional representation in a two round election and can serve for up to two terms in office. The President is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The President is primarily a figure head but has certain powers such as the ceremonial appointment of members to the State Assembly although their main role is the representation of Valtriva on the international stage. The Premier of Valtriva acts as the country’s head of government. The Premier is the head of the government cabinet made up of 20 ministers. The Premier is appointed by the President and consults parliament over his proposed cabinet by the State Assembly. The Premier must be elected by the majority of the Assembly. If they do not receive a majority then a new candidate must be proposed. This can happen up to three times. If no agreement is reached on the third occasion then the Assembly is dissolved and new elections are called for. This means that the proposed Premier must have majority support in the Assembly. Due to Valtriva being a multi-party system this is done through coalition between parties. If the Assembly no longer supports the Premier then a vote of no confidence is called for. The government led by the Premier is responsible to the State Assembly. The government is responsible for enacting foreign policies of the state, the implementation of law, is responsible for government agencies, submitting the state budget to the State Assembly, managing international relations and enacting other duties latex out in the Valtrivan constitution.
The State Assembly is made up of 156 members and forms the legislative branch of the government. It is a Unicameral legislature which has the aim of debating, passing and vetoing bills submitted to it by the government. Elections to the State Assembly occur every 4 years. Different numbers of members are elected from each electoral district ranging from 3-5. The third branch of the Valtrivan government is the judiciary which is independent of the executive and legislative branches. Judges in Valtriva are appointed by the State Assembly after being nominated by the independent judicial council of Valtriva. The judiciary comprises of several levels of courts: Civil Courts, Criminal Courts and Local Courts. The Supreme Court oversees matters of the application of the law and the Constitutional Court oversees matters to do with the use and application of the constitution.
Foreign relations
Since gaining its independence in the 1920s Valtriva has experienced both extremely turbulent relations with its neighbours and in the modern day more tranquil ties. Relations with its neighbours such as Valimia and Rovina have been strained due to the former being the imperial power that Valtriva gained its independence from and the bloody war that ensued in the 1940s with the latter. However in modern times those old grievances have largely been put to rest. Valtriva is a member of several international organisations such as the Assembly of Nations which the country joined shortly after gaining independence in 1922. Valtriva is also a member of the Telmerian Union having gained membership in 1991. Valtriva’s membership of the Telmerian Union helped greatly in repairing relations with its former colonial power Valimia who is a fellow member state. Although regarding measures to introduce a shared currency to the members of the bloc Valtriva has been reluctant and Valtrivan governments have generally been against the ideal. Valtriva relies on Dulebia for supplies of oil and natural gas which has caused controversy on a domestic level as over-reliance on Dulebian exports is feared.
Military
The Armed Forces of Valtriva are made up of four branches. The commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Valtriva although decisions regarding the armed forces are made by the Premier and their cabinet and the Minister for Defence. The Valtrivan Armed Forces is made up of the Land Forces, the Air Force, the Border Guard and the Home Guard. As Valtriva is landlocked it lacks a navy. The land forces have approximately 38,000 active personnel. Universal conscription is in place for all Valtrivan men and women aged 18-31 who are subject to mandatory national service that lasts a total of 9 months. Conscripts recurve basic training and then go on to being assigned more specific roles. At the end of their national service conscripts receive a rank and are placed in the reserves until they reach 55 years of age. National service may be delayed but must be taken before a person turns 31. Conscripts are permitted to leave their barracks at weekends. The policy of conscription is an increasingly controversial one and is opposed by two parties in the State Assembly; The Green Party and the Liberation Party (Lievsen). Traditionally the role latex out for the Armed Forces of Valtriva is that strictly of defence of the nation. However there are numerous occasions in which the Valtrivan armed forces have taken part in peacekeeping missions abroad.
Economy
Valtriva is considered to be a developed country with a upper middle income economy. Valtriva has a GDP (PPP) of $260 billion and a nominal GDP per capita of $18,000. Valtriva has developed steadily from a largely agricultural country in the 1940s to becoming an industrial economy today with a heavy emphasis on technological research and development. Valtriva's purchasing power parity grows by 5% each year. The country ranks highly in the Human Development Index with a rating of 0.872. The Valtrivan economy went through many turbulent eras most notably in the 1960s and 1970s but largely recovered in the early 2000s. Valtriva has one of the lowest corporate taxes of any Berean nation. The Valtrivan economy is open although the government still own large industries such as public transport and energy. The nosturth of Valtriva is by far the most developed part of the country as its flatter terrain allows for better infrastructure than the more mountainous south. The north is also where the capital Aketerina is located. The national currency of Valtriva is the kruuna which is issued by the Valtrivan State Bank. In recent years the Valtrivan economy has improved through the years in terms of corruption which is the lowest it has been in the country’s long history. Valtriva has had universal free public healthcare since the 1970s which includes no charges for GP appointments or hospital treatments. There is also free education and no tuition fees studying fir any degrees or at any public universities.
The main sectors in the Valtrivan economy are agriculture which accounts for 4.5% of the economy, the industry sector which accounts for 38% of the economy and the service-based sector for 57.5%. The principal industries are high tech engineering, electronics and machine-building, steel production, transportation equipment (automotive and railways), chemicals, advanced materials and pharmaceuticals. In terms of agriculture Valtriva’s main crops include cereals and hops. The Unemployment has varied greatly throughout Valtrivan history. The worst period of Valtrivan economic history was the 1980s when recession led to employment rates riskng by 15%. This statistic has steadily fallen in 2015 unemployment fell to 4% and in 2021 to 2.8%.
Transport and infrastructure
Transport in Valtriva includes a large network of roads and railways as well as transport by air and water. Urban methods of transport including light rail systems such as trams and metro services as well as buses are also available. Valtriva’s infrastructure is considered to be modern and well functioning. Valtriva has an extensive rail service which is almost completely run by the national government owned railway operator VČR. Railways traverse most of the country even in regions dominated by mountain ranges such as the Ejeva Mountains. All of Valtriva’s main cities and towns are connected by railway lines with there being high speed lines going from the capital Aketerina to Prodinja and Nyokovna. Valtriva has two metro systems, the Aketerina Metro and the Prodinja metro. Light rail systems are also prevalent in cities in Valtriva with Aketerina, Prodinja, Nyokovna and other large towns all possessing tram systems which serve most areas of the cities. There are currently plans for the further development of high speed lines to further connect rural mountainous parts of the south, east and north east. VČR services are split into three branches: VČR Intercity, VČR Regional and VČR Freight.
Roads also traverse most of the country. Roads in Valtriva are categorised as National Routes, Regional Routes and Municipal Routes. There was a huge boom in improvement of road infrastructure in Valtriva since 1992 when Valtriva joined the Telmerian Union. The largest airport in the country is Ivan III International Airport in Aketerina which sees an annual number of around 10 million passengers served per year. Nyokovna and Prodinja also both have international airports. There are also a large number of regional airports which serve local communities especially in the Ejeva Mountains. In terms of waterways the longest river in the country, the Miekna which flows through Aketerina, is the country’s longest navigable river. Valtriva is also home to a numerous amount of lakes the largest of which have ferry services. Through its membership of the Telmerian Union Valtriva has access to the Welhaven ports in Lilienburg.
Energy
Electricity generation in Valtriva is still largely fossil fuel-based although the current coalition government which includes the Green Party is aiming to reduce the nations reliance on fossil fuels and move towards more renewable sources of energy. Valtriva is one of the world's leading exporters of coal which for years has propped up its energy supply. The share of energy from renewable sources has increased to 18% in 2020 thanks in part to the current government, specifically the Green Party which has increased the share of renewable energy tenfold. Since the 1960s the Valtrivan hover has made several endeavours into nuclear power. Valtriva is an importer of oil and gas for which it relies on its neighbours Dulebia and Valimia.
Demographics
As of 2021 Valtriva has a population of 15,426,722. The majority of the Valtrivan population live in the Lowlands the west where the largest population centres such as Valtriva’s three largest cities Aketerina, Prodinja and Nyokovna. Valtriva has a low population density thanks in part to irs mountainous topography. 58% of Valtrivans live in urban areas. Ethnically Valtriva has only a few groups mainly Rovinians, Valimians, Dulebians on the border and in some parts of Valtriva’s largest cities. Due to Valimian colonisation which lasted from 1703-1922 the Valimian language toom hold in Aketerina and grew in strength in some border regions. In 1998 there was a national referendum involving the 17 Vaijavods of Valtriva in which 15 out of 17 Vaijavods voted for Valtrivan to be their sole language where as the Ejkevia and Mieskivina regions voted for bilingualism of Valimian and Valtrivan which shows itself through street signs, public services and government publications in those regions. Valtriva is the 15th most populous country in Aurorum and the average life expectancy was 80.1 years old. 78.6 for males and 81 for females. 96% of people living in Valtriva claim Valtrivan nationality and 97% of people living in Valtriva claim to speak Valtrivan in their everyday lives.
Religion
Valtriva is a predominantly Semitar nation. Although freedom of religion is guaranteed under the constitution of Valtriva. The Cambran Semitar church makes up the majority of worshippers in Valtriva with 88% of the country with the rest being a mix of Nordic branches, other religions and irreligious people. Around 8% of Valtrivans follow the Nordic branch of the church with 2% following other religions and 2% being irreligious. Although actual curch attendance is low sitting at around 40%. However Semitarism has greatly afftected Valtrivan culture and tradition with conflicts with Nordic clergy being afforded seats in the imperial Valimian parliament was a constant source of agitation to Valtrivans in the past with religious differences also being used by one of the main plays of cultural differences by Valtrivan nationalists in the 1920s. The constitution of Valtriva guarantees religious freedom and the ability for any religious groups to establish communities based in their beliefs within Valtriva. There is a growing number of people in Valtriva who count themselves as irreligious and church attendance has been falling since the early 2000s. The evidence of the churches influence spans all over Valtriva from the churches found in each and every village to large cathedrals in its cities and the communities which were built surrounding the church. Traditionally there has been little conflict between those in the Nordic and Cambran sects in modern Valtriva.
Language
The national language of Valtriva is Valtrivan which stands out from its neighbouring languages and linguistic groups due to centuries of Valimian influence to the old Valtrivan language which was more closely related to Rovinian and Dulebian. This influence from the Valimian language has led to the Valtrivan tongue becoming a linguistic outlier and a rather unique language in its region. There are two regions in Valtriva which are bilingual in the east of the country on the border with Valimia of are the only region of Valtriva to have a second official language with Valimian being a predominantly spoken language in the region; it was made an official regional language in 1998 after a series of referendums in each Vaijavod in which 15 out of 17 voted to have Valtrivab as their sole language apart from the afformentioned two. There are certain Raiyons in Aketerina Region which have Rovinian as an official language but not the entire region. Valtrivan language took a back foot in the centuries that Valtriva was under the empire of Valimia. The fact that Valimian was the preferred language of commerce and the aristocracy made a further Valimian influence upon the Valtrivan tongue. However the Valtrivan language saw a resurgance in the early 20th century after the introduction of thd Valtrivan parliament within the Valimian Empire and then saw its greatest revival as thd Valtrivan striggle fof independence and sunsequent war of independence stomed nationalism and started whaf would become the full revival and growth of the Valtrivan langusge which lasted into the 1940s which was the first time since Valimian invasion that the Valtrivan tongue had absolute majority status in Valtriva itself.
Education
Matters of education in Valtriva are overseen by the Ministry for development and education. Education in Valtriva starts with nursery school from ages 3-6 with a heavy emphasis on communication and understanding through play and interaction with others. There is free universal childcare available in Valtriva for children in nursery school aged 1-6. There is little emphasis placed on formal learning at this stage and there is a great deal of stress out on the fact that children at this stage should be allowed to be children and should not be constrained by the education system. Valtriva leads the world in this line of thinking and stands out in this field. Actual schooling in the Valtrivan education system begins at age 6 in National Schools which are sometimes referred to as Primary or Foundation schools. These run for seven years from school years 1-7. This is followed by Lower Secondary Level which lasts for years 8-10. Tuition is free across the whole of Valtriva for both Secondary levels and free transport, lunches and material for studies are provided. In Lower Secondary there is great emphasis on extracurricular activities such as sports. Ice hockey is perhaps the most participated and encouraged sport at schools in Valtriva as are walks and other sporting activities. There is a great emphasis placed on the learning of a second language which became compulsory in 2019 with there being a large rate of bilingualism within the population. As extracurricular activities are seen as important examinations are not stressed at this level and are not a part of the education system at lower secondary. From here the system splits into two branches when students reach around the age of 15-16 both of which are compulsory. There are Upper Secondary Vocational schools and Upper Secondary Academic schools. Vocational schools specify in the teaching of technical skills for specific jobs where as Academic schools specify in preparation for university and degree choices. There are examinations known as the General Certificate at the end of Upper Secondary school. This is taken at the end of the school year in the middle of June and is used to sort university applicants. Universities in Valtriva do not take any other requirements other than the General Certificate and an application form. There are no tuition fees to Valtrivan students however foreign students may be subject to fees ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 Kruunas.
Health
Healthcare in Valtriva comes from the publicly funded 'Zalvey Adouritja' which is available to all Valtrivan citizens. This service is funded through the taxpayer and the ZA is overseen by the Minister for Public Health. The Public Health Service is used by 80% of Valtrivans however there is a growing private health market. This growth has been brought on by the increasing length of waiting list and times for public health services which successive governments have pledged to fix. Ambulance and other emergency services in Valtriva are organised at a municipal level. The ZA is managed in two distinct branches one national and one on a basis of Vaijavod. Vaijavod councils are responsible for the regulations, inspections and the allocation of funds as well as overall structure of patient care. This has led to variation in health care on a regional level.