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Lumak language: Difference between revisions

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| name            = Lumak  
| name            = Lumak  
| altname          =  
| altname          =  
| nativename      = ''Gapwaa Lamaak''
| nativename      = ''Kaphua Lamak''
| pronunciation    = [kəˈpwaː ləˈmaːk̚]
| pronunciation    = [kəˈpʰua ləˈmak̚]
| states          = [[Lumakia]]
| states          = [[Lumakia]]
| region          =  
| region          =  
Line 11: Line 11:
| minority        =  
| minority        =  
| ethnicity        = Lumak
| ethnicity        = Lumak
| speakers        = 26.3 million
| speakers        = 43.3 million
| date            = 2020
| date            = 2020
| ref              =  
| ref              =  
Line 21: Line 21:
| dia3            =  
| dia3            =  
| script          = {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}
| script          = {{wp|Latin script|Latin}}
| iso1            = lu
| iso1            = lk
| iso2            = lum
| iso2            = lmk
| iso3            = lum
| iso3            = lmk
| glotto          =  
| glotto          =  
| glottorefname    =  
| glottorefname    =  
Line 33: Line 33:
}}
}}


'''Lumak''' (Lumak: ''Gapwaa Lamaak'' [kəˈpwaː ləˈmaːk̚] or simply ''Lamaak'' [ləˈmaːk̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of [[Lumakia]]. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of [[Lumaks]]. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.
'''Lumak''' (Lumak: ''Kaphua Lamak'' [kəˈpʰua ləˈmak̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of [[Lumakia]]. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of [[Lumaks]]. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.


Page is extremely WIP
Page is extremely WIP
Line 49: Line 49:
! Glottal
! Glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Nasal
! colspan=2| Nasal
! <small>voiced</small>
| m [{{IPA link|m}}]
| m [{{IPA link|m}}]
| n [{{IPA link|n}}]
| n [{{IPA link|n}}]
|  
| ny [{{IPA link|ɲ}}]
| ng [{{IPA link|ŋ}}]
| ng [{{IPA link|ŋ}}]
|
|
|-
|-
! <small>voiceless</small>
! rowspan=4| Stop
| hm [{{IPA link|m̥}}]
! <small>aspirated</small>
| hn [{{IPA link|n̥}}]
| mb [{{IPA link|ᵐb}}]
|  
| nd [{{IPA link|ⁿd}}]
| hng [{{IPA link|ŋ̊}}]
| nj [{{IPA link|ᶮɟ}}]
| mg [{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}]
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| b [{{IPA link|b}}]
| d [{{IPA link|d}}]
| j [{{IPA link|ɟ}}]
| g [{{IPA link|g}}]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Stop
! <small>tenuis</small>
! <small>tenuis</small>
| b [{{IPA link|p}}]
| p [{{IPA link|p}}]
| d [{{IPA link|t}}]
| t [{{IPA link|t}}]
|  
| c [{{IPA link|c}}]
| g [{{IPA link|k}}]
| k [{{IPA link|k}}]
| (ʔ)
| x [{{IPA link|ʔ}}]
|-
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
! <small>aspirated</small>
| p [{{IPA link|pʰ}}]
| ph [{{IPA link|pʰ}}]
| t [{{IPA link|tʰ}}]
| th [{{IPA link|tʰ}}]
|  
| ch [{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}]
| k [{{IPA link|kʰ}}]
| kh [{{IPA link|kʰ}}]
|
|
|-
|-
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| h [{{IPA link|h}}]
| h [{{IPA link|h}}]
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Approximant
! colspan=2| Approximant
! <small>voiced</small>
|
|  
| l [{{IPA link|l}}]
| l [{{IPA link|l}}]
| y [{{IPA link|j}}]
| y [{{IPA link|j}}]
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|
|
|-
|-
! <small>voiceless</small>
! colspan=2| Rhotic
|  
| hl [{{IPA link|ɬ}}]
| hy [{{IPA link|ç}}]
| hw [{{IPA link|ʍ}}]
|
|
|-
! rowspan=2| Rhotic
! <small>voiced</small>
|
| r [{{IPA link|r}}]
| r [{{IPA link|r}}]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>voiceless</small>
|
| hr [{{IPA link|r̥}}]
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}
| i [{{IPA link|i}}]
|  
|  
| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}
| u [{{IPA link|u}}]
|-
|-
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| {{IPA link|eː}}
| e [{{IPA link|e}}]
| {{IPA link|ə}}
| *([{{IPA link|ə}}])
| {{IPA link|oː}}
| eo [{{IPA link|ɤ}}] o [{{IPA link|o}}]
|-
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛː}}
| ae [{{IPA link|ɛ}}]
| {{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}
| a [{{IPA link|a}}]
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔː}}
| ao [{{IPA link|ɔ}}]
|}
|}
Lumak syllable structure permits C(r)V(C), where only labial and velar stops may cluster with /r/. Lumak words must begin with a consonant, but initial glottal stops are unwritten in the orthography. The vast majority of native words are monosyllabic or sequisyllabic. Sequisyllables are always Cə, with /ə/ assimilating to [u] after labials and [i] after palatals. Lumak has four diphthongs, /ua oa ia ea/.
{{Template:Anteria languages navbox}}
{{Template:Anteria languages navbox}}
[[Category:Anteria]]
[[Category:Anteria]]
[[Category:Lumakia]]
[[Category:Lumakia]]

Latest revision as of 07:20, 29 October 2023

Lumak
Kaphua Lamak
Pronunciation[kəˈpʰua ləˈmak̚]
Native toLumakia
EthnicityLumak
Native speakers
43.3 million (2020)
Early form
Proto-Lumak
Latin
Official status
Official language in
 Lumakia
Language codes
ISO 639-1lk
ISO 639-2lmk
ISO 639-3lmk
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Lumak (Lumak: Kaphua Lamak [kəˈpʰua ləˈmak̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of Lumakia. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of Lumaks. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.

Page is extremely WIP

History

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m [m] n [n] ny [ɲ] ng [ŋ]
Stop aspirated mb [ᵐb] nd [ⁿd] nj [ᶮɟ] mg [ᵑɡ]
aspirated b [b] d [d] j [ɟ] g [g]
tenuis p [p] t [t] c [c] k [k] x [ʔ]
aspirated ph [pʰ] th [tʰ] ch [tɕʰ] kh [kʰ]
Fricative s [s] h [h]
Approximant l [l] y [j] w [w]
Rhotic r [r]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i [i] u [u]
Mid e [e] *([ə]) eo [ɤ] o [o]
Open ae [ɛ] a [a] ao [ɔ]

Lumak syllable structure permits C(r)V(C), where only labial and velar stops may cluster with /r/. Lumak words must begin with a consonant, but initial glottal stops are unwritten in the orthography. The vast majority of native words are monosyllabic or sequisyllabic. Sequisyllables are always Cə, with /ə/ assimilating to [u] after labials and [i] after palatals. Lumak has four diphthongs, /ua oa ia ea/.


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