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| {{Short description|Supreme legislature of Mava}}
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| {{Infobox legislature | | {{Infobox legislature |
| | name = Parliament of the Republic of Mava | | | name = Congress of the Republic of Mava |
| | native_name = Kausaakkavtaagik Maava Yakiinaigaalu | | | native_name = <small>''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''</small><br><small>''Congreso de la República de Mava''</small> |
| | native_name_lang = | | | native_name_lang = |
| | transcription_name = | | | transcription_name = |
| | legislature = 50th Parliament of Mava | | | legislature = 11th Congress of the Republic |
| | coa_pic = Emblem of the Parliament of Mava.png | | | coa_pic = Seal_of_Mava.png |
| | coa_res = 265px | | | coa_res = 150px |
| | coa_alt = | | | coa_alt = |
| | coa_caption = | | | coa_caption = |
| | logo_pic = | | | logo_pic = |
| | logo_res = | | | logo_res = |
| | logo_alt =by | | | logo_alt = |
| | logo_caption = | | | logo_caption = |
| | house_type = Unicameral | | | house_type = Unicameral |
| | body = | | | houses = |
| | jurisdiction = | | | chambers = |
| | houses = | | | body = |
| | term_limits = | | | jurisdiction = |
| | foundation = {{Start date and age|1925|04|01|df=y}} | | | term_limits = |
| | disbanded = <!--{{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}}--> | | | foundation = 1 March 1970<br>8 June 1965 (as the Transitional Congress) |
| | preceded_by =Legislative Council of Mava | | | disbanded = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |
| | succeeded_by = | | | preceded_by = |
| | new_session = | | | succeeded_by = |
| | leader1_type = President | | | new_session = |
| | leader1 = Vauta Laumaasi | | | affiliations = |
| | party1 = Independent{{efn|Elected as a member of the Progressive Party of the Mavean Islands.}} | | | leader1_type = Speaker |
| | election1 = 11 January 2023 | | | leader1 = Taama Iativut |
| | leader2_type = Deputy President | | | leader1_term = since 20 July 2020 |
| | leader2 = Aamikat Uuyukluq | | | party1 = KNM |
| | party2 = Labour Movement | | | election1 = |
| | election2 = 11 January 2023 | | | leader2_type = |
| | seats = 16 | | | leader2 = |
| | house1 = | | | party2 = |
| | house2 = | | | election2 = |
| | structure1 = File:Mavean_Parliament_2023.png | | | leader2_term = |
| | structure1_res = 250px | | | leader3_type = |
| | structure1_alt = Structure of the Parliament of Mava | | | leader3 = |
| | structure2 = | | | party3 = |
| | structure2_res = | | | election3 = |
| | structure2_alt = | | | leader3_term = |
| | political_groups1 = '''Government (10)''' | | | leader4_type = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#4f819d|border=silver}} Progressive Party (10)}} | | | leader4 = |
| '''Opposition (6)''' | | | party4 = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#9b1d3a|border=silver}} Labour Movement (4)}} | | | election4 = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#ffa200|border=silver}} Democracy and Renewal (1)}} | | | leader4_term = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#dcdcdc|border=silver}} Independent (1)}} | | | leader5_type = |
| | political_groups2 = | | | leader5 = |
| | committees1 = | | | party5 = |
| | committees2 = | | | election5 = |
| | joint_committees = | | | leader5_term = |
| | term_length = 2 years | | | leader6_type = |
| | authority = | | | leader6 = |
| | salary = | | | party6 = |
| | seats1_title = | | | election6 = |
| | seats1 = | | | leader6_term = |
| | seats2_title = | | | leader7_type = <!-- up to | leader10_type = --> |
| | seats2 = | | | leader7 = <!-- up to | leader10 = --> |
| | seats3_title = | | | party7 = <!-- up to | party10 = --> |
| | seats3 = | | | election7 = <!-- up to | election10 = --> |
| | seats4_title = | | | leader7_term = <!-- up to | leader10_term = --> |
| | seats4 = | | | seats = 51 |
| | seats5_title = | | | structure1 = File:Congress of Mava 2020.png |
| | seats5 = | | | structure1_res = 250px |
| | seats6_title = | | | structure1_alt = Current composition of the Congress of Mava |
| | seats6 = | | | structure2 = |
| | seats7_title = | | | structure2_res = |
| | seats7 = | | | structure2_alt = |
| | seats8_title = | | | house1 = |
| | seats8 = | | | political_groups1 = '''Government (33)''' |
| | voting_system1 = First-past-the-post | | *{{colorbox|#20a89d|border=darkgray}} Mavean National Party (33) |
| | voting_system2 = | | '''Opposition (18)''' |
| | first_election1 = 7 May 1925 | | *{{colorbox|#bb3333|border=darkgray}} Democratic People's Party (10) |
| | first_election2 = | | *{{colorbox|#289dc2|border=darkgray}} Social Democratic Party (4) |
| | first_election3 = | | *{{colorbox|#ffd600|border=darkgray}} Lati Party (3) |
| | last_election1 = 11 May 2023 | | *{{colorbox|#d790c7|border=darkgray}} Human Rights Alliance (1) |
| | last_election2 = | | | committees1 = |
| | last_election3 = | | | house2 = |
| | next_election1 = | | | political_groups2 = |
| | next_election2 = | | | committees2 = |
| | next_election3 = | | | joint_committees = |
| | redistricting = | | | term_length = |
| | motto = | | | authority = |
| | session_room = Territorial Legislature Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada 03.jpg | | | salary = |
| | session_res = 260px | | | seats1_title = |
| | session_alt = The seat of the legislature is the Akitat'áwnuhiu’akak in Pa'as | | | seats1 = |
| | meeting_place = kausaakkavtaagikakitat | | | seats2_title = |
| | website = [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ www.kausaakkavtaagikakitat.mv] (Mavean)<br>[https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ www.parliament.mv] (Anglish) | | | seats2 = |
| | constitution = Constitution of Mava | | | seats3_title = |
| | footnotes = {{Notelist}} | | | seats3 = |
| | | seats4_title = |
| | | seats4 = |
| | | seats5_title = |
| | | seats5 = |
| | | seats6_title = |
| | | seats6 = |
| | | seats7_title = |
| | | seats7 = |
| | | seats8_title = <!-- up to | seats10_title = --> |
| | | seats8 = <!-- up to | seats10 = --> |
| | | voting_system1 = First-past-the-post |
| | | voting_system2 = |
| | | first_election1 = |
| | | first_election2 = |
| | | first_election3 = |
| | | last_election1 = 9 July 2020 |
| | | last_election2 = |
| | | last_election3 = |
| | | next_election1 = By 12 July 2025 |
| | | next_election2 = |
| | | next_election3 = |
| | | redistricting = |
| | | motto = |
| | | session_room = |
| | | session_res = |
| | | session_alt = |
| | | meeting_place = Palasi Matinitanni, Taalan |
| | | session_room2 = |
| | | session_res2 = |
| | | session_alt2 = |
| | | meeting_place2 = |
| | | session_room3 = |
| | | session_res3 = |
| | | session_alt3 = |
| | | meeting_place3 = |
| | | website = www.matinitanni.mv |
| | | constitution = |
| | | rules = |
| | | footnotes = |
| | | module = <!-- Used to embed other templates --> |
| }} | | }} |
| {{Politics of Mava}}
| | The '''Congress of Mava''' (Mavean: ''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''; Almagrian: ''Congreso de la República de Mava''; commonly abbreviated as "MRM") is the parliament of the [[Mava|Republic of Mava]]. A unicameral legislature, its 51 members are elected every five years by first-past-the-post to represent single-member constituencies. |
| The '''Parliament of the Republic of Mava''' (Mavean: ''Kausaakkavtaagik Maava Yakiinaigaalu '') is the democratically-elected legislature of [[Mava]]. Located in Pa'as, it comprises 16 members known as Members of Parliament (Mavean: ''kausaakkavtaagikmaakaat''; KM), who are elected to represent individual geographical constituencies by the plurality system. In accordance with the Constitution, legislative power is vested in the Parliament as the supreme representation of the Mavean people, with executive power shared with the government. The most recent parliamentary election was held on 11 May 2023, with the Progressive Party of the Mavean Islands winning an outright majority. | |
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| Parliament is a unicameral body responsible for creating and amending all laws in Mava. It was founded in 1925 through the interim Mavean Independence Act and was permanently established in the 1925 Mavean Constitution. Between 1925 and 1994, Parliament was de facto bicameral, with a "Grand Committee of the Parliament" acting as a technocratic review body within the assembly. The committee was abolished by a constitutional amendment in 1993.
| | The Congress was established on independence in 1970, succeeding the Transitional Congress that Atitlanese colonial authorities established in 1965 to prepare for independence. Congress is presided over by the Speaker (Taama Iativut since 20 July 2020), who is elected by deputies from amongst their number. Congress meets at the Palasi Matinitanni in Taalan, previously the residence of the Governor of Mava. The last election was held on 9 July 2020, with deputies meeting for the first time on 20 July 2020. |
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| ==History==
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| The Parliament of Mava was created on 1 April 1925 through the Mavean Independence Act, passed by the Atitlanese Congress. The members were carried over from the membership of the Legislative Council, which had served as the appointed advisory body to the colonial governor. Under the interim provisions, Mava was governed by a Transitional Government of the Parliament, appointed by Parliament to govern until elections could be held. The first elections were held on 14 May 1925, with Kuraava Tanigak appointed president by Parliament. The body was made permanent following the passage of the first Mavean constitution in September 1925.
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| The 1943 constitution radically increased the powers of parliament, transforming Mava from a presidential to a parliamentary republic. The prime minister, a member of Parliament, formally became head of government and answerable to Parliament rather than the president. Parliament also assumed powers to dismiss governments with the abolition of the assembly-independent system.
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| Under the 1943 constitution, the president of the parliament appointed a "Grand Committee of the Parliament", composed of elected members appointed for their knowledge and expertise. The committee was responsible for scrutinising bills passed by the wider house, recommending amendments, and presenting bills for promulgation. The body was abolished in 1994 to promote the equality of elected members and because it had become a largely rubber-stamp body, bills rarely receiving anything more than a brief review before presentation to the president.
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| ==Powers and role==
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| Under the constitution, there is no legal or constitutional separation between the executive and legislative branches. The government is officially called the "Executive Committee of the Parliament" and derives its powers from Parliament. In practice, there is a separation of functions, although officially the government and parliament constitute one single corporation governed by the constitution and relevant laws.
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| The Parliament is constituted in the Constitution as the supreme representative body of the people of the Republic of Mava. It is convened in two sessions each year, the first session on the second Monday of January and the second session on the second Monday of September. Extraordinary sessions may be called by the President, the Prime Minister or by one-fifth of members.
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| The constitution and laws relating to Parliament provide for the following functions:
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| * Adopting, amending, or repealing enactments to the constitution;
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| * enacting, amending, or repealing statutory laws;
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| * approve the budget;
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| * elect the president;
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| * approve nominations for judicial offices and appointments to the Council of State;
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| * approving the nomination of the prime minister;
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| * hold the government to account;
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| * convene as a court of impeachment for trials of public officers;
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| * approve international treaties.
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| The president's role in the legislative branch is nominal. They summon and dissolve Parliament and formally open its sessions following an election. They may address its members and send messages to it. However, they are obliged (although not legally required) to sign laws passed in the Assembly; they may refer laws for judicial review, but this is rarely done.
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| ==Elections==
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| General elections occur whenever Parliament is dissolved. Dissolutions occur automatically two years from the date of the first meeting of Parliament, although it is common for dissolutions to occur in March, at least six weeks prior to the date of the next election. Elections are usually held in the second week of May (generally a Thursday), following an electoral campaign of no less than 35 days. Candidates are usually nominated by political parties, although a small number of independent candidates have won seats. Candidates are usually elected in local party meetings in the relevant constituency, although the law does not mandate this and several candidates have historically been selected by the national party rather than local members.
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| Candidates are required to file a nomination paper bearing the signatures of at least 50 constituents. Each constituency returns one member of Parliament using the first-past-the-post electoral system, under which the winning candidate needs only the plurality of the vote instead of an outright majority. To stand as and vote for a candidate, one must be a Mavean citizen and at least eighteenth years of age. Additional eligibility requirements are imposed on electoral candidates.
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| Members serve a two year term. Should a member die, resign, or otherwise cease to hold their seat, a by-election is held in the relevant constituency under the same rules and procedures as in general elections. Individuals expelled by Parliament are not permitted to run in the following by-election, although they may be a candidate in the next general election (even if no subsequent by-election is held).
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| ===Constituencies===
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| 16 members are returned from single-member constituencies. Each district is divided into a number of seats based on their population. The allocation of constituencies is reviewed every ten years by the Mavean Elections Office.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !District !! Seats
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| |-
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| | Aasqaalet || 2
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| |-
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| | Miilep || 2
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| |-
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| | Pa'as || 4
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| |-
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| | Pmaak || 3
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| |-
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| | Sigaak || 2
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| |-
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| | Sittiyaa || 1
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| |-
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| | Taagokiajut || 1
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| |-
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| | Outer Islands || 1
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| |-
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| |}
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| The current set of constituency boundaries came into effect ahead of the May 2015 parliamentary elections. Prior to this, Pa'as had 6 seats, which were re-allocated to Aasqaalet and Pmaak.
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| ===2023 election===
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| {{Election results
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| |+ Summary of the 12 May 2022 parliamentary elections results
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| |-
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| |image=[[File:Mavean Parliament 2023.png|360px]]
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| |party1=Progressive Party of the Mavean Islands
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| |votes1=14291
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| |seats1=39
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| |sw1=-1.21
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| |sc1=0
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| |color1=#4f819d
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| |party2=Political Congress of the Mavean Labour Movement
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| |votes2=11102
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| |seats2=15
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| |sw2=+4.33
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| |sc2=+1
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| |color2=#9b1d3a
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| |party3=Democracy and Renewal
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| |votes3=3755
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| |seats3=5
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| |sw3=-1.71
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| |sc3=+1
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| |color3=#ffa200
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| |party4=Mavean People's Party
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| |votes4=1921
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| |seats4=0
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| |sw4=-1.24
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| |sc4=-1
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| |color4=#316b7f
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| |party5=Independents
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| |votes5=3920
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| |seats5=2
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| |sw5=-0.17
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| |sc5=-2
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| |color5=#dcdcdc
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| |total_sc=0
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| |valid=31989
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| |invalid=491
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| |electorate=51072
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| |source=Mavean Elections Office
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| }}
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| * [[Politics of Mava]] | | *[[Mava]] |
| * Culture of Mava | | *[[Politics of Mava]] |
| | | *[[President of Mava]] |
| ==Notes==
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| {{notelist}}
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| {{reflist|group=note}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ Parliament of Mava]. aawnuhiuakak.mv | |
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| {{Elezia}} | | {{Elezia}} |
| [[Category:Mava]] | | [[Category:Mava]] |
