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| {{Short description|Supreme legislature of Mava}}
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| {{Infobox legislature | | {{Infobox legislature |
| |background_color =
| | | name = Congress of the Republic of Mava |
| | name = Assembly of the Islands | | | native_name = <small>''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''</small><br><small>''Congreso de la República de Mava''</small> |
| | native_name = {{nobold|Tokukuaawnuktaagik}} | | | native_name_lang = |
| | legislature = 50th Assembly | | | transcription_name = |
| | coa_pic = [[File:Coat of Arms of the Assembly of the Islands.png|200px]] | | | legislature = 11th Congress of the Republic |
| | house_type = Unicameral | | | coa_pic = Seal_of_Mava.png |
| | leader1_type = President | | | coa_res = 150px |
| | leader1 = Aamikat Uuyukluq | | | coa_alt = |
| | party1 = Anuvik | | | coa_caption = |
| | election1 = 22 May 2023 | | | logo_pic = |
| | leader2_type = Vice President | | | logo_res = |
| | leader2 = Vauta Laumaasi | | | logo_alt = |
| | party2 = Kiikalakki | | | logo_caption = |
| | election2 = 22 May 2023 | | | house_type = Unicameral |
| | members = 61 | | | houses = |
| | | | chambers = |
| | structure1 = File:Mavean_Parliament_2023.png | | | body = |
| | structure1_res = 250px | | | jurisdiction = |
| | structure1_alt = Structure of the House of Representatives | | | term_limits = |
| | political_groups1 = '''Government (39)''' | | | foundation = 1 March 1970<br>8 June 1965 (as the Transitional Congress) |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#4f819d|border=silver}} Anuvik (39)}} | | | disbanded = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |
| '''Opposition (22)''' | | | preceded_by = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#9b1d3a|border=silver}} Kiikalakki (15)}} | | | succeeded_by = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#ffa200|border=silver}} Yaavki (5)}} | | | new_session = |
| *{{nowrap|{{Color box|#dcdcdc|border=silver}} Independent (2)}} | | | affiliations = |
| | | | leader1_type = Speaker |
| | committees1 = | | | leader1 = Taama Iativut |
| | committees2 = | | | leader1_term = since 20 July 2020 |
| | joint_committees = | | | party1 = KNM |
| | last_election2 = 11 May 2023 | | | election1 = |
| | next_election2 = before 8 May 2025 | | | leader2_type = |
| | session_room = Territorial Legislature Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada 03.jpg | | | leader2 = |
| | session_res = 260px | | | party2 = |
| | session_alt = The seat of the legislature is the Kausaakkavtaagikakitat in Paas | | | election2 = |
| | meeting_place = Kausaakkavtaagikakitat<br/>Paas, North Mava, Mava<br/> | | | leader2_term = |
| | website = {{plain list| | | | leader3_type = |
| *[https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ Assembly of the Islands - official website]
| | | leader3 = |
| | footnotes = | | | party3 = |
| |structure2_res=250px|structure1_res=250px}} | | | election3 = |
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| | | leader6_type = |
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| | | leader7_type = <!-- up to | leader10_type = --> |
| | | leader7 = <!-- up to | leader10 = --> |
| | | party7 = <!-- up to | party10 = --> |
| | | election7 = <!-- up to | election10 = --> |
| | | leader7_term = <!-- up to | leader10_term = --> |
| | | seats = 51 |
| | | structure1 = File:Congress of Mava 2020.png |
| | | structure1_res = 250px |
| | | structure1_alt = Current composition of the Congress of Mava |
| | | structure2 = |
| | | structure2_res = |
| | | structure2_alt = |
| | | house1 = |
| | | political_groups1 = '''Government (33)''' |
| | *{{colorbox|#20a89d|border=darkgray}} Mavean National Party (33) |
| | '''Opposition (18)''' |
| | *{{colorbox|#bb3333|border=darkgray}} Democratic People's Party (10) |
| | *{{colorbox|#289dc2|border=darkgray}} Social Democratic Party (4) |
| | *{{colorbox|#ffd600|border=darkgray}} Lati Party (3) |
| | *{{colorbox|#d790c7|border=darkgray}} Human Rights Alliance (1) |
| | | committees1 = |
| | | house2 = |
| | | political_groups2 = |
| | | committees2 = |
| | | joint_committees = |
| | | term_length = |
| | | authority = |
| | | salary = |
| | | seats1_title = |
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| | | seats2_title = |
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| | | seats8_title = <!-- up to | seats10_title = --> |
| | | seats8 = <!-- up to | seats10 = --> |
| | | voting_system1 = First-past-the-post |
| | | voting_system2 = |
| | | first_election1 = |
| | | first_election2 = |
| | | first_election3 = |
| | | last_election1 = 9 July 2020 |
| | | last_election2 = |
| | | last_election3 = |
| | | next_election1 = By 12 July 2025 |
| | | next_election2 = |
| | | next_election3 = |
| | | redistricting = |
| | | motto = |
| | | session_room = |
| | | session_res = |
| | | session_alt = |
| | | meeting_place = Palasi Matinitanni, Taalan |
| | | session_room2 = |
| | | session_res2 = |
| | | session_alt2 = |
| | | meeting_place2 = |
| | | session_room3 = |
| | | session_res3 = |
| | | session_alt3 = |
| | | meeting_place3 = |
| | | website = www.matinitanni.mv |
| | | constitution = |
| | | rules = |
| | | footnotes = |
| | | module = <!-- Used to embed other templates --> |
| }} | | }} |
| {{Politics of Mava}}
| | The '''Congress of Mava''' (Mavean: ''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''; Almagrian: ''Congreso de la República de Mava''; commonly abbreviated as "MRM") is the parliament of the [[Mava|Republic of Mava]]. A unicameral legislature, its 51 members are elected every five years by first-past-the-post to represent single-member constituencies. |
| The '''Assembly of the Islands''' ([[Mavean language|Mavean]]: ''Tokukuaawnuktaagik'') is the unicameral legislature of the [[Mava|Republic of Mava]], serving as the confederal legislative branch responsible for passing laws applied across all jurisdictions. | |
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| The Assembly was established in the 1925 Constitution, replacing the colonial-era Legislative Council that had been founded in 1908 to advise the governor. Ahead of independence, the leaders of Mava's four distinct peoples signed the Paas Agreement, which recognised the sovereignty of these groups and affirmed the creation of a confederal system on independence. The Assembly of the Islands was created as the supreme legislative branch of the confederation, with carefully defined power to make laws that are binding on all jurisdictions. It also elects the Government Council, which constitutes the executive branch of the confederation.
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| Members are elected for two years via bloc voting. Members represent multi-member constituencies and are required to represent these constituencies rather than their home jurisdiction.
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| ==History==
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| The Parliament of Mava was created on 1 April 1925 through the Mavean Independence Act, passed by the Atitlanese Congress. The members were carried over from the membership of the Legislative Council, which had served as the appointed advisory body to the colonial governor. Under the interim provisions, Mava was governed by a Transitional Government of the Parliament, appointed by Parliament to govern until elections could be held. The first elections were held on 14 May 1925, with Kuraava Tanigak appointed president by Parliament. The body was made permanent following the passage of the first Mavean constitution in September 1925, with the division of its powers between the newly established Nominated Assembly and Legislative Assembly.
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| The 1943 constitution radically increased the powers of parliament, transforming Mava from a presidential to a parliamentary republic. The prime minister, a member of the Legislative Assembly, formally became head of government and answerable to the Legislative Assembly rather than the president. The Legislative Assembly also assumed powers to dismiss governments with the abolition of the assembly-independent system, and its members became the sole initiators of legislation, with the president previously able to propose bills. The Nominated Assembly had its power of veto removed, now only able to recommend amendments and supervise the drafting of laws. It remains responsible for ensuring the legality of any laws passed in the lower house.
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| Under the 1943 constitution, the president of the parliament appointed a "Grand Committee of the National Parliament", composed of members of both houses appointed for the purpose of electing the president and approving the nominations of judges and other officials. The body was abolished in 1994; an Electoral College was created to elect the president, whilst responsibility for approving nominations was transferred to the House of Representatives.
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| ==Composition==
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| Parliament consists of the President; an upper house, the House of Elders; and a lower house, the House of Representatives. Each constituent part has its own responsibilities distinct from the other parts, although all three work in conjunction as part of the legislative process. Members of the lower house are called "members of the Legislative Assembly" (''Kausaakkavakakat''; <small>lit.</small> "Lawmaker"), whilst members of the Nominated Assembly are called "Nominated Members" (''Paaqok'' <small>lit.</small> "Senior").
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| No individual may sit in both chambers at the same time.
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| ===House of Elders===
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| The legislative authority of the House of Elders is subordinate to that of the House of Representatives, and it has no power in its own right to restrict or deny the authority of the latter. However, it plays an important role within the legislative process, with all legislation required to be presented to the Nominated Assembly prior to its promulgation by the president.
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| Elders are appointed by the President-in-Council based on their being distinguished individuals in their respective field. 25 members are appointed, representing different areas of society and selected for their knowledge and expertise. The following structure of appointments is followed, although there is no legal basis for it: 5 members from the judiciary; 5 members from the social sector (including the voluntary sector); 5 members from industry and commerce; 5 members from organised labour; 3 members representing culture and the arts; and 2 members representing agriculture and fisheries. Members are appointed for life and are required to sit as independents.
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| The primary role of the House of Elders is quasi-judicial. It ensures that legislation approved in the House of Representatives complies with the constitution and with existing law - formally described as "in keeping with the spirit of the law." In the majority of cases, this requires only a review of the law by a select panel of members rather than the participation of the whole house. Aside from its power of review, the House of Elders may also recommend amendments to proposed legislation, which is returned to the House of Representatives for consideration. The House of Representatives is not required to approve, or even debate, amendments proposed in the House of Elders, although the regard of the upper house usually requires a debate.
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| ===House of Representatives===
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| The House of Representatives is the elected component of the Mavean Parliament, with each member elected by a plurality of voters in each of the country's electoral constituencies. The requirements to run one of the 61 seats in the House of Representatives are that they be at least 18 years old, not be completing any criminal sentence, and be elegible to vote in national elections. Members hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved, after which they may seek re-election.
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| The House of Representatives is the "principal legislative body" and is established as the more powerful of the two parliamentary houses. All legislation is required to be introduced to the House of Representatives and be approved by its members. The House of Representatives also has exclusive control over money matters, possessing power of the purse and ultimate responsibility for the budget.
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| In addition to its legislative role, the House of Representatives is responsible for nominating the prime minister for appointment by the President. The house may, by a constructive motion of no confidence, request the president to dismiss the government. However, no such motion has ever been successful. Furthermore, the House of Representatives constitutes part of the membership of the Electoral College, alongside the House of Elders, which is tasked with electing the President. The government is officially responsible to the House of Representatives and answers to it.
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| ==Committees==
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| The Assembly has a number of joint committees that draw membership from both houses. There are currently 11 committees, the majority of which correspond with government departments:
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| * Committee on Finance and the Economy
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| * Committee on Foreign Affairs
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| * Committee on Public Security
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| * Committee on Public Health, Sport, and Fitness
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| * Committee on Education, Culture, and Youth
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| * Committee on the Environment
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| * Committee on Justice
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| * Committee on Administration
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| * Committee on Media and Youth
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| * Committee on Equality and Integration
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| * Committee on Fisheries and Employment
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| ==Elections==
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| General elections occur whenever the assembly is dissolved. Dissolutions occur automatically two years from the date of the first meeting, although it is common for dissolutions to occur in March, at least six weeks prior to the date of the next election. Elections are usually held in the second week of May (generally a Thursday), following an electoral campaign of no less than 35 days. Candidates are generally nominated by political parties, although a small number of independent candidates have won seats.
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| Candidates are required to file a nomination paper bearing the signatures of at least 50 constituents. Each constituency returns two or more members of Parliament using the block voting electoral system, in which voters may cast as many votes as there are available seats, with a simple plurality required. To stand as and vote for a candidate, one must be a Mavean citizen and at least eighteenth years of age. Additional eligibility requirements are imposed on electoral candidates.
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| Members serve a two year term. Should a member die, resign, or otherwise cease to hold their seat, a by-election is held in the relevant constituency under the same rules and procedures as in general elections. Individuals expelled by the Assembly are not permitted to run in the following by-election, although they may be a candidate in the next general election (even if no subsequent by-election is held).
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| ===Constituencies===
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| 61 members are returned from multi-member constituencies. Each district is divided into a number of constituencies based on their population, each returning an allocated number of members. The distribution of constituencies is reviewed every ten years by the Mavean Elections Office, with a requirement that each seat represents between 750 and 1,250 people.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !District !! Seats !! MPs
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| |-
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| | Aasqaalet || 3 || 11
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| |-
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| | Miilep || 2 || 5
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| |-
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| | Paas || 8 || 21
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| |-
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| | Pmaak || 4 || 9
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| |-
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| | Kungaatiibisa || 1 || 2
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| |-
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| | Taagokiajut || 1 || 3
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| |-
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| | Sigaak || 2 || 5
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| |-
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| | Saayup || 1 || 3
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| |-
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| | Taak || 1 || 2
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| |-
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| |}
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| The current set of constituency boundaries came into effect ahead of the May 2015 parliamentary elections. Prior to this, Paas had 25 seats, which were re-allocated to Aasqaalet and Pmaak.
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| ===2023 election===
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| {{Election results
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| |+ Summary of the 12 May 2022 parliamentary elections results
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| |-
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| |image=[[File:Mavean Parliament 2023.png|360px]]
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| |party1=Anuvik
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| |votes1=14291
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| |seats1=39
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| |sw1=-1.21
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| |sc1=0
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| |color1=#4f819d
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| |party2=Kiikalakki
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| |votes2=11102
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| |seats2=15
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| |sw2=+4.33
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| |sc2=+1
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| |color2=#9b1d3a
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| |party3=Yaavki
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| |votes3=3755
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| |seats3=5
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| |sw3=-1.71
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| |sc3=+1
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| |color3=#ffa200
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| |party4=Maava Naigaalu
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| |votes4=1921
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| |seats4=0
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| |sw4=-1.24
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| |sc4=-1
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| |color4=#316b7f
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| |party5=Independents
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| |votes5=3920
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| |seats5=2
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| |sw5=-0.17
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| |sc5=-2
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| |color5=#dcdcdc
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| |total_sc=0
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| |valid=31989
| | The Congress was established on independence in 1970, succeeding the Transitional Congress that Atitlanese colonial authorities established in 1965 to prepare for independence. Congress is presided over by the Speaker (Taama Iativut since 20 July 2020), who is elected by deputies from amongst their number. Congress meets at the Palasi Matinitanni in Taalan, previously the residence of the Governor of Mava. The last election was held on 9 July 2020, with deputies meeting for the first time on 20 July 2020. |
| |invalid=491
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| |electorate=51072
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| |source=Mavean Elections Office
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| }}
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| * [[Politics of Mava]] | | *[[Mava]] |
| * Culture of Mava | | *[[Politics of Mava]] |
| | | *[[President of Mava]] |
| ==Notes==
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| {{notelist}}
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| {{reflist|group=note}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ National Parliament of Mava]. aawnuhiuakak.mv | |
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| {{Elezia}} | | {{Elezia}} |
| [[Category:Mava]] | | [[Category:Mava]] |
