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| {{Short description|Supreme legislature of Mava}}
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| {{Infobox legislature | | {{Infobox legislature |
| |background_color = | | | name = Congress of the Republic of Mava |
| | name = Mava Council | | | native_name = <small>''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''</small><br><small>''Congreso de la República de Mava''</small> |
| | native_name = {{nobold|Maava Taapiit}} | | | native_name_lang = |
| | legislature = | | | transcription_name = |
| | coa_pic = [[File:Coat of Arms of Mava.png|100px]] | | | legislature = 11th Congress of the Republic |
| | house_type = Unicameral | | | coa_pic = Seal_of_Mava.png |
| | leader1_type = Administrator of Mava | | | coa_res = 150px |
| | leader1 = Asamak Umaakasarmuk | | | coa_alt = |
| | party1 = | | | coa_caption = |
| | election1 = 19 August 2021 | | | logo_pic = |
| | leader2_type = Chairman of the Council | | | logo_res = |
| | leader2 = Taarjut Niunak | | | logo_alt = |
| | party2 = | | | logo_caption = |
| | election2 = 22 May 2023 | | | house_type = Unicameral |
| | leader3_type = Leader of the Council | | | houses = |
| | leader3 = Kausaanek Malaati | | | chambers = |
| | party3 = | | | body = |
| | election3 = 22 March 2023 | | | jurisdiction = |
| | members = 10 | | | term_limits = |
| | | | foundation = 1 March 1970<br>8 June 1965 (as the Transitional Congress) |
| | structure1 = File:Mava Council composition.png | | | disbanded = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> |
| | structure1_res = 250px | | | preceded_by = |
| | structure1_alt = Composition of the Mava Council | | | succeeded_by = |
| | political_groups1 = {{legend|#dddddd|Nonpartisan: 10 seats}} | | | new_session = |
| | committees1 = | | | affiliations = |
| | committees2 = | | | leader1_type = Speaker |
| | joint_committees = | | | leader1 = Taama Iativut |
| | voting_system1 = Block voting | | | leader1_term = since 20 July 2020 |
| | last_election2 = 11 May 2023 | | | party1 = KNM |
| | next_election2 = before 8 May 2025 | | | election1 = |
| | session_room = | | | leader2_type = |
| | session_res = | | | leader2 = |
| | session_alt = | | | party2 = |
| | meeting_place = Maavaakitat, Paas, [[Mava]] | | | election2 = |
| | website = {{plain list| | | | leader2_term = |
| *[https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ Mava Council - official website]
| | | leader3_type = |
| | footnotes = | | | leader3 = |
| |structure2_res=250px|structure1_res=250px}} | | | party3 = |
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| | | leader7_type = <!-- up to | leader10_type = --> |
| | | leader7 = <!-- up to | leader10 = --> |
| | | party7 = <!-- up to | party10 = --> |
| | | election7 = <!-- up to | election10 = --> |
| | | leader7_term = <!-- up to | leader10_term = --> |
| | | seats = 51 |
| | | structure1 = File:Congress of Mava 2020.png |
| | | structure1_res = 250px |
| | | structure1_alt = Current composition of the Congress of Mava |
| | | structure2 = |
| | | structure2_res = |
| | | structure2_alt = |
| | | house1 = |
| | | political_groups1 = '''Government (33)''' |
| | *{{colorbox|#20a89d|border=darkgray}} Mavean National Party (33) |
| | '''Opposition (18)''' |
| | *{{colorbox|#bb3333|border=darkgray}} Democratic People's Party (10) |
| | *{{colorbox|#289dc2|border=darkgray}} Social Democratic Party (4) |
| | *{{colorbox|#ffd600|border=darkgray}} Lati Party (3) |
| | *{{colorbox|#d790c7|border=darkgray}} Human Rights Alliance (1) |
| | | committees1 = |
| | | house2 = |
| | | political_groups2 = |
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| | | joint_committees = |
| | | term_length = |
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| | | salary = |
| | | seats1_title = |
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| | | seats6_title = |
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| | | seats8_title = <!-- up to | seats10_title = --> |
| | | seats8 = <!-- up to | seats10 = --> |
| | | voting_system1 = First-past-the-post |
| | | voting_system2 = |
| | | first_election1 = |
| | | first_election2 = |
| | | first_election3 = |
| | | last_election1 = 9 July 2020 |
| | | last_election2 = |
| | | last_election3 = |
| | | next_election1 = By 12 July 2025 |
| | | next_election2 = |
| | | next_election3 = |
| | | redistricting = |
| | | motto = |
| | | session_room = |
| | | session_res = |
| | | session_alt = |
| | | meeting_place = Palasi Matinitanni, Taalan |
| | | session_room2 = |
| | | session_res2 = |
| | | session_alt2 = |
| | | meeting_place2 = |
| | | session_room3 = |
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| | | session_alt3 = |
| | | meeting_place3 = |
| | | website = www.matinitanni.mv |
| | | constitution = |
| | | rules = |
| | | footnotes = |
| | | module = <!-- Used to embed other templates --> |
| }} | | }} |
| {{Politics of Mava}}
| | The '''Congress of Mava''' (Mavean: ''Mava Repalik Matinitanni''; Almagrian: ''Congreso de la República de Mava''; commonly abbreviated as "MRM") is the parliament of the [[Mava|Republic of Mava]]. A unicameral legislature, its 51 members are elected every five years by first-past-the-post to represent single-member constituencies. |
| '''Mava Council''' is the unicameral legislature of the [[Atitlan|Atitlanese]] unincorporated territorial area of [[Mava]]. The Council was established in 1956 as an advisory body, serving alongside the Governor's Council until the latter's abolition in 1967. The council became the island's legislature in 1972 when the islands assumed self-government, with its powers expanding under the 2009 constitution. | |
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| The Mava Council consists of ten elected members, plus a number of non-voting attendants appointed by the Chairman with the council's approval. Attendants do not have speaking or voting rights and sit as observers. The Leader of the Council is elected to lead a cabinet of councillors that functions as the executive branch.
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| ==History==
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| The Mava Council was established in 1956 as an advisory body without legislative competence. It was created at the instigation of the governor, Francisco Jose Valladares, in order to alleviate anger at the continued exclusion of native Maveans. The body was initially appointed by the governor, with responsibility for reviewing and offering an official opinion on laws approved in the Governor's Council (the de facto legislature). In 1967, with the abolition of the Governor's Council, the Mava Council assumed the responsibilities of reviewing legislation, although it did not have the authority of veto. At the same time, it became an elected body.
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| In 1972, the Mava Statute gave the islands self-government. As a result, the Council became the territory's unicameral parliament with full legislative competence in a range of policy areas. At the same time, the Council assumed the authority of electing a Leader to serve as the island's head of government, and of approving a cabinet to coordinate government policy.
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| ==Electoral system==
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| The ten seats in the Mava Council are elected every four years, with five seats elected at a given time. Councillors are elected by first-past-the-post plurality-at-large voting, with voters allowed to cast as many votes as there are available seats. The candidates with the most votes are elected to fill the vacant seats. Should a seat become vacant between elections, the seat goes to the candidate with the next largest vote share.
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| If there are fewer candidates than there are available seats, they are declared to have been elected automatically. The unfilled seats remain vacant until a sufficient number of candidates have declared their intention to fill them. At this point, a by-election is held to fill those seats.
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| ==Powers and functions==
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| The council derives its powers principally from the Mava Statute of 1972 and the Mava Constitution Act 2009. It as 'general power of competence' over all policy areas under the authority of the local government, i.e. it is permitted to act in any matter whatsoever which does not conflict with or undermine the actions or interests of the [[Atitlan|Atitlanese government]]. The main responsibilitiy of the council is to provide for "the peace, order and good government of the Mava Islands," and to enact laws for the achievement of this.
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| All bills must be proposed for debate in the Council, although no councillor may propose a bill altering the powers of the Atitlanese government without the Governor's leave. As part of the council's consensus-based decision making, bills are generally debated to achieve consensus, with amendments seeking broad agreement amongst all councillors. The chairman, who normally does not participate in lawmaking, may cast a vote in the event of a tie.
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| The council has the power to pass three types of legislation: acts, orders, and ordinances. Acts are primary legislation with general application. Orders are secondary legislation which apply the provisions of an act. Ordinances govern the procedures and rules of government bodies (including the Council). Orders and ordinances are proposed by the government and may only be approved or rejected, with the Council having no power of amendment.
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| Councillors are also responsible for the election of the Mava Council Cabinet, which serves as the executive branch of the government. The cabinet is officially a committee of the council and answerable to it. It has the sole authority to request the Governor (or Administrator) to appoint or dismiss a member of the cabinet, usually done at the request of the Leader of the Council as chairman of the cabinet.
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| ==Committees==
| | The Congress was established on independence in 1970, succeeding the Transitional Congress that Atitlanese colonial authorities established in 1965 to prepare for independence. Congress is presided over by the Speaker (Taama Iativut since 20 July 2020), who is elected by deputies from amongst their number. Congress meets at the Palasi Matinitanni in Taalan, previously the residence of the Governor of Mava. The last election was held on 9 July 2020, with deputies meeting for the first time on 20 July 2020. |
| The Council has three committees responsible for 'matters of general concern', i.e. matters not covered by a cabinet portfolio but is nonetheless under the authority of the Council. These are: | |
| * Committee on the Application of Law - makes recommendations on whether applicable Atitlanese laws should be extended to Mava.
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| * Committee on Privileges - investigates concerns relating to the privileges and benefits extended to councillors.
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| * Committee on Administration - reviews rules relating to the administration of the Council.
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| ==Elections==
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| General elections occur whenever the assembly is dissolved. Dissolutions occur automatically two years from the date of the first meeting, although it is common for dissolutions to occur in March, at least six weeks prior to the date of the next election. Elections are usually held in the second week of May (generally a Thursday), following an electoral campaign of no less than 35 days. Candidates are generally nominated by political parties, although a small number of independent candidates have won seats.
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| Candidates are required to file a nomination paper bearing the signatures of at least 50 constituents. Each constituency returns two or more members of Parliament using the block voting electoral system, in which voters may cast as many votes as there are available seats, with a simple plurality required. To stand as and vote for a candidate, one must be a Mavean citizen and at least eighteenth years of age. Additional eligibility requirements are imposed on electoral candidates.
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| Members serve a two year term. Should a member die, resign, or otherwise cease to hold their seat, a by-election is held in the relevant constituency under the same rules and procedures as in general elections. Individuals expelled by the Assembly are not permitted to run in the following by-election, although they may be a candidate in the next general election (even if no subsequent by-election is held).
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| ===Constituencies===
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| 61 members are returned from multi-member constituencies. Each district is divided into a number of constituencies based on their population, each returning an allocated number of members. The distribution of constituencies is reviewed every ten years by the Mavean Elections Office, with a requirement that each seat represents between 750 and 1,250 people.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !District !! Seats !! MPs
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| |-
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| | Aasqaalet || 3 || 11
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| |-
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| | Miilep || 2 || 5
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| |-
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| | Paas || 8 || 21
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| |-
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| | Pmaak || 4 || 9
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| |-
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| | Kungaatiibisa || 1 || 2
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| |-
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| | Taagokiajut || 1 || 3
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| |-
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| | Sigaak || 2 || 5
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| |-
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| | Saayup || 1 || 3
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| |-
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| | Taak || 1 || 2
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| |-
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| |}
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| The current set of constituency boundaries came into effect ahead of the May 2015 parliamentary elections. Prior to this, Paas had 25 seats, which were re-allocated to Aasqaalet and Pmaak.
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| ===2023 election===
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| {{Election results
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| |+ Summary of the 12 May 2022 parliamentary elections results
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| |-
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| |image=[[File:Mavean Parliament 2023.png|360px]]
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| |party1=Anuvik
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| |votes1=14291
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| |seats1=39
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| |sw1=-1.21
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| |sc1=0
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| |color1=#4f819d
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| |party2=Kiikalakki
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| |votes2=11102
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| |seats2=15
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| |sw2=+4.33
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| |sc2=+1
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| |color2=#9b1d3a
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| |party3=Yaavki
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| |votes3=3755
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| |seats3=5
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| |sw3=-1.71
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| |sc3=+1
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| |color3=#ffa200
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| |party4=Maava Naigaalu
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| |votes4=1921
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| |seats4=0
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| |sw4=-1.24
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| |sc4=-1
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| |color4=#316b7f
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| |party5=Independents
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| |votes5=3920
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| |seats5=2
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| |sw5=-0.17
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| |sc5=-2
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| |color5=#dcdcdc
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| |total_sc=0
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| |valid=31989
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| |invalid=491
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| |electorate=51072
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| |source=Mavean Elections Office
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| }}
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| * [[Politics of Mava]] | | *[[Mava]] |
| * Culture of Mava | | *[[Politics of Mava]] |
| | | *[[President of Mava]] |
| ==Notes==
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| {{notelist}}
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| {{reflist|group=note}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ National Parliament of Mava]. aawnuhiuakak.mv | |
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| {{Elezia}} | | {{Elezia}} |
| [[Category:Mava]] | | [[Category:Mava]] |
