National Congress of Mava: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
(55 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Supreme legislature of Mava}}
{{Infobox legislature
{{Infobox legislature
|background_color    =  
| name = National Congress of Mava
| name              = Mava Council
| native_name = ''Mava Matinitanni Najaumiit''<br>''Congreso Nacional de Mava''
| native_name        = {{nobold|Maava Taapiit}}
| native_name_lang =
| legislature       =  
| transcription_name =
| coa_pic           = [[File:Coat of Arms of Mava.png|100px]]
| legislature = 11th Congress of the Republic
| house_type         = Unicameral
| coa_pic = Seal_of_Mava.png
| leader1_type       = Administrator of Mava
| coa_res = 150px
| leader1           = Asamak Umaakasarmuk
| coa_alt =
| party1             =  
| coa_caption =
| election1         = 19 August 2021
| logo_pic =
| leader2_type       = Chairman of the Council
| logo_res =
| leader2           = Taarjut Niunak
| logo_alt =
| party2             =  
| logo_caption =
| election2         = 22 May 2023
| house_type = Unicameral
| leader3_type       = Leader of the Council
| houses =
| leader3           = Kausaanek Malaati
| chambers =
| party3             =  
| body =
| election3         = 22 March 2023
| jurisdiction =
| members            = 10
| term_limits =
 
| foundation = 1 March 1970<br>8 June 1965 (as the Transitional Congress)
| structure1         = File:Mava Council composition.png
| disbanded = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| structure1_res     = 250px
| preceded_by =
| structure1_alt     = Composition of the Mava Council
| succeeded_by =
| political_groups1 = {{legend|#dddddd|Nonpartisan: 10 seats}}
| new_session =
| committees1       =
| affiliations =
| committees2       =
| leader1_type = Speaker
| joint_committees   =
| leader1 = Taama Iativut
| voting_system1     = Block voting
| leader1_term = since 20 July 2020
| last_election2     = 11 May 2023
| party1 = KNM
| next_election2     = before 8 May 2025
| election1 =  
| session_room       =
| leader2_type =  
| session_res       =  
| leader2 =  
| session_alt       =
| party2 =  
| meeting_place     = Maavaakitat, Paas, [[Mava]]
| election2 =  
| website            = {{plain list|
| leader2_term =
*[https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ Mava Council - official website]
| leader3_type =  
| footnotes          =
| leader3 =  
|structure2_res=250px|structure1_res=250px}}
| party3 =  
| election3 =  
| leader3_term =
| leader4_type =
| leader4 =
| party4 =
| election4 =
| leader4_term =
| leader5_type =
| leader5 =
| party5 =
| election5 =
| leader5_term =
| leader6_type =
| leader6 =
| party6 =
| election6 =
| leader6_term =
| leader7_type = <!-- up to | leader10_type = -->
| leader7 = <!-- up to | leader10 = -->
| party7 = <!-- up to | party10 = -->
| election7 = <!-- up to | election10 = -->
| leader7_term = <!-- up to | leader10_term = -->
| seats = 51
| structure1 = File:Congress of Mava 2020.png
| structure1_res = 250px
| structure1_alt = Current composition of the Congress of Mava
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| structure2_alt =
| house1 =
| political_groups1 = '''Government (33)'''
*{{colorbox|#20a89d|border=darkgray}} Mavean National Party (33)
'''Opposition (18)'''
*{{colorbox|#bb3333|border=darkgray}} Democratic People's Party (10)
*{{colorbox|#289dc2|border=darkgray}} Social Democratic Party (4)
*{{colorbox|#d790c7|border=darkgray}} Human Rights Alliance (1)
'''Unaligned (3)'''
*{{colorbox|#ffd600|border=darkgray}} Lati Party (3)
| committees1 =
| house2 =
| political_groups2 =  
| committees2 =  
| joint_committees =  
| term_length =
| authority =
| salary =
| seats1_title =
| seats1 =
| seats2_title =
| seats2 =
| seats3_title =
| seats3 =
| seats4_title =
| seats4 =
| seats5_title =
| seats5 =
| seats6_title =
| seats6 =
| seats7_title =
| seats7 =
| seats8_title = <!-- up to | seats10_title = -->
| seats8 = <!-- up to | seats10 = -->
| voting_system1 = First-past-the-post
| voting_system2 =
| first_election1 =
| first_election2 =
| first_election3 =
| last_election1 = 9 July 2020
| last_election2 =  
| last_election3 =
| next_election1 = By 12 July 2025
| next_election2 =  
| next_election3 =
| redistricting =
| motto =
| session_room = File:Town_Hall_Ružomberok,_July_16,_2011_01.jpg
| session_res = 270px
| session_alt =  
| meeting_place = Palasi Matinitanni, Taalan
| session_room2 =
| session_res2 =
| session_alt2 =
| meeting_place2 =
| session_room3 =
| session_res3 =
| session_alt3 =  
| meeting_place3 =
| website = www.matinitanni.mv
| constitution =
| rules =  
| footnotes =  
| module = <!-- Used to embed other templates -->
}}
}}
{{Politics of Mava}}
The '''National''' '''Congress of Mava''' (Mavean: ''Mava Repalik Aituniajiin Matinitanni Najaumiit''; Almagrian: ''Congreso Nacional de la República Sostenible de Mava''; colloqually "Matinumiit") is the parliament of the [[Mava|Sustainable Republic of Mava]]. A unicameral legislature, its 51 members are elected every five years by first-past-the-post to represent single-member constituencies.
'''Mava Council''' is the unicameral legislature of the [[Atitlan|Atitlanese]] unincorporated territorial area of [[Mava]]. The Council was established in 1956 as an advisory body, serving alongside the Governor's Council until the latter's abolition in 1967. The council became the island's legislature in 1972 when the islands assumed self-government, with its powers expanding under the 2009 constitution.
 
The Mava Council consists of ten elected members, plus a number of non-voting attendants appointed by the Chairman with the council's approval. Attendants do not have speaking or voting rights and sit as observers. The Leader of the Council is elected to lead a cabinet of councillors that functions as the executive branch.
 
==Electoral system==
The ten seats in the Mava Council are elected every four years, with five seats elected at a given time. Councillors are elected by first-past-the-post plurality-at-large voting, with voters allowed to cast as many votes as there are available seats. The candidates with the most votes are elected to fill the vacant seats. Should a seat become vacant between elections, the seat goes to the candidate with the next largest vote share.
 
If there are fewer candidates than there are available seats, they are declared to have been elected automatically. The unfilled seats remain vacant until a sufficient number of candidates have declared their intention to fill them. At this point, a by-election is held to fill those seats.
 
==Powers and functions==
The council derives its powers principally from the Mava Statute of 1972 and the Mava Constitution Act 2009. It as 'general power of competence' over all policy areas under the authority of the local government, i.e. it is permitted to act in any matter whatsoever which does not conflict with or undermine the actions or interests of the [[Atitlan|Atitlanese government]]. The main responsibilitiy of the council is to provide for "the peace, order and good government of the Mava Islands," and to enact laws for the achievement of this.
 
All bills must be proposed for debate in the Council, although no councillor may propose a bill altering the powers of the Atitlanese government without the Governor's leave. As part of the council's consensus-based decision making, bills are generally debated to achieve consensus, with amendments seeking broad agreement amongst all councillors. The chairman, who normally does not participate in lawmaking, may cast a vote in the event of a tie.
 
The council has the power to pass three types of legislation: acts, orders, and ordinances. Acts are primary legislation with general application. Orders are secondary legislation which apply the provisions of an act. Ordinances govern the procedures and rules of government bodies (including the Council). Orders and ordinances are proposed by the government and may only be approved or rejected, with the Council having no power of amendment.
 
Councillors are also responsible for the election of the Mava Council Cabinet, which serves as the executive branch of the government. The cabinet is officially a committee of the council and answerable to it. It has the sole authority to request the Governor (or Administrator) to appoint or dismiss a member of the cabinet, usually done at the request of the Leader of the Council as chairman of the cabinet.
 
==Powers and procedure==
The Assembly is the legislative arm of the confederal government and is one of the "Organs of the Confederation." The body has authority to legislative in a specified field of competences known as "transferred responsibilities." These responsibilities are those areas of policymaking that the jurisdictional parliaments have voluntarily agreed to transfer to confederal competence, with any laws made in the Assembly applying without qualification across the whole confederation. Responsibilities under the authority of the confederal assembly include national security, trade and customs, foreign policy, and fiscal and monetary policy. There are also matters which the Assembly may legislate on in consultation with and with the consent of the jurisdictions, including healthcare, transport, and education. In reality, these "consultative competences" are far more centralised.
 
The Assembly also has responsibility for electing the Government Council - the executive arm of the confederal government. The Chairman of the Government Council (the prime minister) is elected by the Assembly, usually as the leader of the largest party. The Assembly then elects seven other members to serve in the council, with the requirement that there be two members from each jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the Assembly to then approve the allocation of ministerial responsibilities to these members.
 
The President of the Assembly is the presiding officer and is elected at the same time as other confederal officers. The president is responsible for ensuring good conduct amongst members, directing the proceedings of the house, and maintaining order. They are assisted by a vice president. The President and Vice President are usually drawn from the largest and second-largest parties respectively, although this is only a convention.
 
To ensure that the wishes of all jurisdictions are respected, members are divided into "jurisdictional delegations." All matters put before the assembly require a majority of members of each delegation rather than a simple overall majority. For an ordinary law (A1) to be approved, a majority of each delegation is required; a constitutional amendment (A2) requires two-thirds of each delegation.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
|-
! rowspan=2| Jurisdiction !! rowspan=2| Number of votes !! colspan=2| Minimum votes required
|-
! A1
! A2
|-
| North Mava || 27 || 14 || 18
|-
| South Mava || 20 || 10 || 14
|-
| Tokuksiagak || 11 || 6 || 8
|-
| Taak || 7 || 4 || 5
|}


==Committees==
The National Congress was established on independence in 1970, succeeding the Transitional Congress that Atitlanese colonial authorities established in 1965 to prepare for independence. Congress is presided over by the Speaker (Taama Iativut since 20 July 2020), who is elected by deputies from amongst their number. Congress meets at the Palasi Matinitanni in Taalan, previously the residence of the Governor of Mava. The last election was held on 9 July 2020, with deputies meeting for the first time on 20 July 2020.
The Assembly has a number of joint committees that draw membership from both houses. There are currently 11 committees, the majority of which correspond with government departments:
* Committee on Finance and the Economy
* Committee on Foreign Affairs
* Committee on Public Security
* Committee on Public Health, Sport, and Fitness
* Committee on Education, Culture, and Youth
* Committee on the Environment
* Committee on Justice
* Committee on Administration
* Committee on Media and Youth
* Committee on Equality and Integration
* Committee on Fisheries and Employment


==Elections==
== Election and composition ==
General elections occur whenever the assembly is dissolved. Dissolutions occur automatically two years from the date of the first meeting, although it is common for dissolutions to occur in March, at least six weeks prior to the date of the next election. Elections are usually held in the second week of May (generally a Thursday), following an electoral campaign of no less than 35 days. Candidates are generally nominated by political parties, although a small number of independent candidates have won seats.
The National Congress of Mava has 51 members (deputies) who are directly elected every five years (or before in the case of an early election). All deputies are elected via first-past-the-post in single-member constituencies. Constituency boundaries are determined by the Democracy, Boundary, and Elections Commission and approved by Congress. In addition, there are a number of individuals who may attend and speak, but who may not vote. These are the Catholic Archbishop of Taalan, the Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Mava, the Lutheran Bishop of Mava, former Presidents who no longer serve as deputies, and provincial governors.


Candidates are required to file a nomination paper bearing the signatures of at least 50 constituents. Each constituency returns two or more members of Parliament using the block voting electoral system, in which voters may cast as many votes as there are available seats, with a simple plurality required. To stand as and vote for a candidate, one must be a Mavean citizen and at least eighteenth years of age. Additional eligibility requirements are imposed on electoral candidates.
Generally, eligibility to vote is the same as eligibility to stand for election. However, candidates may not be bankrupt and must be proficient in Mavean or Almagrian. Since 2009, a deputy can be recalled if 10 percent of constituents sign a petition.


Members serve a two year term. Should a member die, resign, or otherwise cease to hold their seat, a by-election is held in the relevant constituency under the same rules and procedures as in general elections. Individuals expelled by the Assembly are not permitted to run in the following by-election, although they may be a candidate in the next general election (even if no subsequent by-election is held).
For registration purposes, political parties are allocated a status based on their position. The governing party is officially recognised as the Government, with the largest party not in government is registered as the Official Opposition. Government and, to a lesser extent, Official Opposition parties have access to state papers and official secrets. Other political groups sit as Opposition parties. Those parties in an alliance with the government but not in a formal coalition sit as Unaligned.
 
===Constituencies===
61 members are returned from multi-member constituencies. Each district is divided into a number of constituencies based on their population, each returning an allocated number of members. The distribution of constituencies is reviewed every ten years by the Mavean Elections Office, with a requirement that each seat represents between 750 and 1,250 people.


== Party standings ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Affiliation
! Party leader
! Status
! Members
|-
|-
!District !! Seats !! MPs
! style="color:inherit;background:#20a89d;"|
| align=left|Mavean National Party
| align=center|Juu Kajusit
| align=center|Government
| align=center|33
|-
|-
| Aasqaalet || 3 || 11
! style="color:inherit;background:#bb3333;"|
| align=left|Democratic People's Party
| align=center|Aitor Simit
| align=center|Official Opposition
| align=center|10
|-
|-
| Miilep || 2 || 5
! style="color:inherit;background:#289dc2;"|
| align=left|Social Democratic Party
| align=center|Jaani Sallent
| align=center|Opposition
| align=center|4
|-
|-
| Paas || 8 || 21
! style="color:inherit;background:#ffd600;"|
| align=left|Lati Party
| align=center|Niku Pialiik
| align=center|Unaligned
| align=center|3
|-
|-
| Pmaak || 4 || 9
! style="color:inherit;background:#d790c7;"|
| align=left|Human Rights Alliance
| align=center|Unai Aatams
| align=center|Opposition
| align=center|1
|-
|-
| Kungaatiibisa || 1 || 2
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left; | Total
|-
| align=center|51
| Taagokiajut || 1 || 3
|-
| Sigaak || 2 || 5
|-
| Saayup || 1 || 3
|-
| Taak || 1 || 2
|-
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:left; | Government majority
| align=center|19
|}
|}
The current set of constituency boundaries came into effect ahead of the May 2015 parliamentary elections. Prior to this, Paas had 25 seats, which were re-allocated to Aasqaalet and Pmaak.


===2023 election===
== History ==
{{Election results
Mava has had a legislature since June 1965, when the Transitional Congress (Mavean: ''Matinitanni Anuusijinijiin'') was established by the Atitlanese government to prepare the islands for independence. Initially, the congress was not directly elected, instead composed of the leading members of the indigenous Mavean National Committee for Political Change (GAKNM). The first election, in July 1966, saw only members of GAKNM eligible to vote and stand as candidates, largely disenfranchising all non-indigenous Maveans.
|+ Summary of the 12 May 2022 parliamentary elections results
|-
|image=[[File:Mavean Parliament 2023.png|360px]]


|party1=Anuvik
On independence in March 1970, the Transitional Congress became the permanent Congress of the Republic, the legislature of the new country. In 1997, the name was officially changed to the National Congress of the Sustainable Republic of Mava following the adoption of a new constitution.
|votes1=14291
|seats1=39
|sw1=-1.21
|sc1=0
|color1=#4f819d


|party2=Kiikalakki
== List of speakers ==
|votes2=11102
|seats2=15
|sw2=+4.33
|sc2=+1
|color2=#9b1d3a


|party3=Yaavki
* Piaate Salikaami (1 March 1970 - 7 June 1985)
|votes3=3755
* Kaatipit Raamput (17 July 1985 - 8 June 1990)
|seats3=5
* Sitivaan Puraam (18 July 1990 - 13 June 1997)
|sw3=-1.71
* Uilpavasi Kalapuan (14 July 1997 - 5 May 2004)
|sc3=+1
* Kaatipit Iapiim (10 May 2004 - 5 June 2015)
|color3=#ffa200
* Suuli Kuaas (13 July 2015 - 5 June 2020)
 
* Taama Iativut (20 July 2020 - present)
|party4=Maava Naigaalu
|votes4=1921
|seats4=0
|sw4=-1.24
|sc4=-1
|color4=#316b7f
 
|party5=Independents
|votes5=3920
|seats5=2
|sw5=-0.17
|sc5=-2
|color5=#dcdcdc


==Last election==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Congress of Mava 2020.png|360px]]
|party1=Mavean National Party|votes1=8049|seats1=33|sc1=-1|color1=#20a89d
|party2=Democratic People's Party|votes2=6981|seats2=10|sc2=+1|color2=#bb3333
|party3=Social Democratic Party|votes3=4783|seats3=4|sc3=0|color3=#289dc2
|party4=Lati Party|votes4=532|seats4=3|sc4=+1|color4=#ffd600
|party5=Human Rights Alliance|votes5=2784|seats5=1|sc5=-1|color5=#d790c7
|total_sc=0
|total_sc=0
 
|valid=22227
|valid=31989
|invalid=902
|invalid=491
|electorate=26077
|electorate=51072
|source=National Congress of Mava
|source=Mavean Elections Office
}}
}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Politics of Mava]]
*[[Mava]]
* Culture of Mava
*[[Politics of Mava]]
 
*[[President of Mava]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}
 
==External links==
* [https://i.imgur.com/LJrd3HN.jpg/ National Parliament of Mava]. aawnuhiuakak.mv
 
{{Elezia}}
{{Elezia}}
[[Category:Mava]]
[[Category:Mava]]

Revision as of 19:43, 7 January 2025

National Congress of Mava

Mava Matinitanni Najaumiit
Congreso Nacional de Mava
11th Congress of the Republic
Seal of Mava.png
Type
Type
History
Founded1 March 1970
8 June 1965 (as the Transitional Congress)
Leadership
Speaker
Taama Iativut, KNM
since 20 July 2020
Structure
Seats51
Current composition of the Congress of Mava
Political groups
Government (33)
  •   Mavean National Party (33)

Opposition (18)

  •   Democratic People's Party (10)
  •   Social Democratic Party (4)
  •   Human Rights Alliance (1)

Unaligned (3)

  •   Lati Party (3)
Elections
First-past-the-post
Last election
9 July 2020
Next election
By 12 July 2025
Meeting place
Town Hall Ružomberok, July 16, 2011 01.jpg
Palasi Matinitanni, Taalan
Website
www.matinitanni.mv

The National Congress of Mava (Mavean: Mava Repalik Aituniajiin Matinitanni Najaumiit; Almagrian: Congreso Nacional de la República Sostenible de Mava; colloqually "Matinumiit") is the parliament of the Sustainable Republic of Mava. A unicameral legislature, its 51 members are elected every five years by first-past-the-post to represent single-member constituencies.

The National Congress was established on independence in 1970, succeeding the Transitional Congress that Atitlanese colonial authorities established in 1965 to prepare for independence. Congress is presided over by the Speaker (Taama Iativut since 20 July 2020), who is elected by deputies from amongst their number. Congress meets at the Palasi Matinitanni in Taalan, previously the residence of the Governor of Mava. The last election was held on 9 July 2020, with deputies meeting for the first time on 20 July 2020.

Election and composition

The National Congress of Mava has 51 members (deputies) who are directly elected every five years (or before in the case of an early election). All deputies are elected via first-past-the-post in single-member constituencies. Constituency boundaries are determined by the Democracy, Boundary, and Elections Commission and approved by Congress. In addition, there are a number of individuals who may attend and speak, but who may not vote. These are the Catholic Archbishop of Taalan, the Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Mava, the Lutheran Bishop of Mava, former Presidents who no longer serve as deputies, and provincial governors.

Generally, eligibility to vote is the same as eligibility to stand for election. However, candidates may not be bankrupt and must be proficient in Mavean or Almagrian. Since 2009, a deputy can be recalled if 10 percent of constituents sign a petition.

For registration purposes, political parties are allocated a status based on their position. The governing party is officially recognised as the Government, with the largest party not in government is registered as the Official Opposition. Government and, to a lesser extent, Official Opposition parties have access to state papers and official secrets. Other political groups sit as Opposition parties. Those parties in an alliance with the government but not in a formal coalition sit as Unaligned.

Party standings

Affiliation Party leader Status Members
Mavean National Party Juu Kajusit Government 33
Democratic People's Party Aitor Simit Official Opposition 10
Social Democratic Party Jaani Sallent Opposition 4
Lati Party Niku Pialiik Unaligned 3
Human Rights Alliance Unai Aatams Opposition 1
Total 51
Government majority 19

History

Mava has had a legislature since June 1965, when the Transitional Congress (Mavean: Matinitanni Anuusijinijiin) was established by the Atitlanese government to prepare the islands for independence. Initially, the congress was not directly elected, instead composed of the leading members of the indigenous Mavean National Committee for Political Change (GAKNM). The first election, in July 1966, saw only members of GAKNM eligible to vote and stand as candidates, largely disenfranchising all non-indigenous Maveans.

On independence in March 1970, the Transitional Congress became the permanent Congress of the Republic, the legislature of the new country. In 1997, the name was officially changed to the National Congress of the Sustainable Republic of Mava following the adoption of a new constitution.

List of speakers

  • Piaate Salikaami (1 March 1970 - 7 June 1985)
  • Kaatipit Raamput (17 July 1985 - 8 June 1990)
  • Sitivaan Puraam (18 July 1990 - 13 June 1997)
  • Uilpavasi Kalapuan (14 July 1997 - 5 May 2004)
  • Kaatipit Iapiim (10 May 2004 - 5 June 2015)
  • Suuli Kuaas (13 July 2015 - 5 June 2020)
  • Taama Iativut (20 July 2020 - present)

Last election

Congress of Mava 2020.png
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Mavean National Party8,04934.8033-1
Democratic People's Party6,98130.1810+1
Social Democratic Party4,78320.6840
Lati Party5322.303+1
Human Rights Alliance2,78412.041-1
Total23,129100.00510
Valid votes22,22796.10
Invalid/blank votes9023.90
Total votes23,129100.00
Registered voters/turnout26,07788.70
Source: National Congress of Mava

See also

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=National_Congress_of_Mava&oldid=873991"