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|languages_type              = <!--Other type of languages -->
|languages_type              = <!--Other type of languages -->
|languages = <!--Other languages list-->
|languages = <!--Other languages list-->
|ethnic_groups = Kashubian 67.7%<br/>
|ethnic_groups = Kashubian 56.7%<br/>
Czech 10.6%<br/>
Lemovicans 29.1%<br/>
German 8.7%<br/>
Tengarian 8.7%<br/>
Other 1.7%<
Other 8.7%<
|ethnic_groups_year = 1931
|ethnic_groups_year = 2020
|demonym = Kashubian
|demonym = Kashubian
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary State|Unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic}} {{small|(1919–1930)}}<hr>{{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|Presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|constitution}}al {{wp|republic}} <br/> ({{small|[[April Constitution of Poland|1919–1931]]}})
|government_type = {{wp|Unitary State|Unitary}} {{wp|parliamentary republic}} {{small|(1919–1930)}}<hr>{{wp|Unitary state|Unitary}} {{wp|Presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|constitution}}al {{wp|republic}} <br/> ({{small|[[April Constitution of Poland|1919–1931]]}})
|leader_title1              = {{wp|President}}
|leader_title1              = {{wp|President}}
|leader_name1                = [[Antonin Jaskowski]]
|leader_name1                = [[Vaclav Cernik]]
|leader_title2              =  
|leader_title2              =  
|leader_name2                =  
|leader_name2                =  
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|sovereignty_type            = Sovereign State
|sovereignty_type            = Sovereign State
|sovereignty_note            =  
|sovereignty_note            =  
|established_event1 = Independence
|established_event1 = Regal Coronation
|established_date1 = 1918
|established_date1 = 1025
|established_event2 = Constitution
|established_event2 = First Republic
|established_date2 = 1918
|established_date2 = 1852
|established_event3 =  
|established_event3 = Second Republic
|established_date3 =  
|established_date3 = 1979
|established_event4 = Constitutional reform
|established_date4 = 2014
|established_event9          =  
|established_event9          =  
|established_date9          =  
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'''Kaszubya''' ''(/Ka-shU-bya/ in English)'', also known as '''Kashubia''' is a sovereign nation in central-coastal [[Kylaris]]. It is bordered by [[Vedmed]] to the north; [[Amathia]] to the east; [[Tengaria]] to the south, and [[Yavorstrana]] to the west. Kashubia's capital and largest city, Kralovice, is situated on the eastern shores of Lake Mareaspero. Though possessing a unique language and culture, Kashubia was a part of the [[Empire of Tengaria]] until its fall following the [[Great War|Great War (Kylaris)]], after which Kashubia gained its independence. It has a population of 14.8 billion, and an economy centered around {{wp|agriculture}}, {{wp|manufacturing}}, and {{wp|mining}}.
'''Kaszubya''' ''(/Ka-shU-bya/ in English)'', also known as '''Kashubia''' is a sovereign nation in central-coastal [[Kylaris]]. It is bordered by [[Vedmed]] to the north; [[Amathia]] to the east; [[Tengaria]] to the south, and [[Yavorstrana]] to the west. Kashubia's capital and largest city, Kralovice, is situated on the eastern shores of Lake Min. Possessing a unique language and culture, Kashubia was an independent kingdom until its subjugation by the [[Empire of Tengaria]]. This occupation ended with the [[Kashubian Revolution]] in 1852, though Kashubia was once again occupied, this time by the [[Soravia]]ns, after the [[Great War|Great War (Kylaris)]]. Kashubia’s modern state gained its independence in 1980 after the [[Sostava War]], and was a beacon of liberty and democracy until the [[2013 military coup]]. It has a population of 14.8 billion, and a growing economy based around {{wp|agriculture}}, {{wp|manufacturing}}, {{wp|energy}}, and {{wp|mining}}.


== Eytomology ==
== Eytomology ==


n/a
Sylvakia's name in theory means the "Land of the Sylvans" (''Sylvensko'' in the Sylvan language, stemming from the older form Sylvak). As such, it is a cognate of the words ''Sylvenska'' and ''Sylvania''. In medieval Latin, German sources and even some Slavic sources, the same name has often been used for both Sylvans and Larovan Slavs in general.
 
According to one of the theories, between 13th and 14th century a new form of national name formed for the ancestors of the Sylvans, possibly due to foreign influence – the word ''Sylvák'' (in medieval sources from 1291 onward). This form slowly replaced the name for the male members of the community, but the female name (Sylva), reference to the lands inhabited and the name of the language (Sylvan) all remained the same, with their base in the older form. Most foreign translations tends to stem from this newer form (''Sylvakia'' in English, ''Sylwakei'' in German, ''Sylvaquie'' in French, etc.).


== History ==
== History ==


===Early History===
===Prehistory and antiquity===


{{main|Early history of Kaszuby}}
{{main|Early history of Kaszuby}}


Settlement in the area called Kashubia for the last 1,000 years started by the end of the Glacial Stage, some 13,000 years ago. Archeological traces have been found of various cultures during the Stone and Bronze Age, Baltic peoples, Germanic peoples during the Iron Age and, in the Dark Ages, West Slavic tribes and Vikings. Starting in the 10th century, early Kashubian rulers united the region.
The oldest surviving human artifacts from Sylvakia are dated at 270,000 BCE, in the Early {{wp|Paleolithic}} era. These ancient tools, made by the {{wp|Clactonian}} technique, bear witness to the ancient habitation of Sylvakia.
 
Other stone tools from the {{wp|Middle Paleolithic}} era (200,000–80,000 BCE) come from the Prévôt (Prepoštská) cave in Bojnice and from other nearby sites.[18] The most important discovery from that era is a {{wp|Neanderthal}} {{wp|cranium}} (c. 200,000 BCE), discovered near the city of Gánovce in northern Sylvakia.
 
[[File:Celtic Oppidum 1st century B.C..jpg|thumb|right|A rendering of an ancient Sylvan {{wp|oppiva}}, or hillfort. Settlments such as these were sparsed across the region.]]
 
Settlement in the area called Sylvakia for the last 1,000 years started by the end of the Glacial Stage, some 13,000 years ago. Archeological traces have been found of various cultures during the Stone and Bronze Age, Baltic peoples, Germanic peoples during the Iron Age and, in the Dark Ages, West Slavic tribes and Vikings. Starting in the 10th century, early Sylvan rulers united the region.
 
During the [[Bronze Age]], the geographical territory of modern-day Slovakia went through three stages of development, stretching from 2000 to 800BCE. Major cultural, economic, and political development can be attributed to the significant growth in production of {{wp|copper}}, especially in northeastern and northwest Sylvakia. Copper became a stable source of prosperity for the local population.
 
[[File:Web Biatec.jpg|thumb|Left: an ancient {{wp|Biatec}} coin<br/>Right: five modern [[Slovak koruna|Sylvan koruna]]]]
 
During this era the region's peoples expanded building of strong and complex fortifications, with the large permanent buildings and administrative centers. Excavations of {{wp|oppiva}}, or as they are more commonly known, {{wp|Hillfort|hill forts}}, document the substantial development of trade and agriculture at that period. The richness and diversity of tombs increased considerably. The inhabitants of the area manufactured arms, shields, jewelry, dishes, and statues.
 
=== Great Sylvenska ===
{{main|Great Sylvenska}}
[[File:Cyril a metod zilina.jpg|thumb|left|upright= 0.7|A statue of [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius]]. In 863, they introduced Christianity to what is now Sylvakia.]]
 
Sylvenska arose around 830 when XXX unified the Sylvan tribes settled north of the Vlatava river and extended supremacy over them. When Mojmír I endeavored to secede from the supremacy of the king of [[Grenzaria]] in 846, King XXX deposed him and assisted XXX's nephew Rastislav (846–870) in acquiring the throne. The new monarch pursued an independent policy: after stopping a Frankish attack in 855, he also sought to weaken the influence of Frankish priests preaching in his realm. Duke Rastislav asked the {{wp|Byzantine empire|XXX empire}} to send teachers who would interpret Christianity in the Slavic vernacular.
 
Upon Rastislav's request, two brothers, the missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius came in 863. Cyril developed the {{wp|Glagolitic alphabet|first Slavic alphabet}} and translated the Gospel into the {{wp|Old Church Slavonic}} language. Rastislav was also preoccupied with the security and administration of his state. Numerous fortified castles built throughout the country are dated to his reign and some of them (e.g., ''Dowina'', sometimes identified with [[Devín Castle]]) are also mentioned in connection with Rastislav by foreign chronicles.
 
[[File:Letter svatopluk.jpg|thumb|upright= 0.8|alt=The papal letter "Industriae Tuae"|''Scire vos volumus'', a letter written in 879 by the Patriarch to the King of Sylvenska.]]
 
During Rastislav's reign, Zagoria was given to his nephew [[Svatopluk I of Moravia|Svätopluk]] as an {{wp|appanage}}. The rebellious prince allied himself with the Franks and overthrew his uncle in 870. Similarly to his predecessor, Svätopluk I (871–894) assumed the title of the king (''rex''). During his reign, the Great Sylvenskan Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, when not only present-day [[Sylvakia]] and western [[Grenzaria]] but also present-day northern and [[Vlachavia|central Vlachavia]], [[Zagoria]], and [[Karpatya]] belonged to the empire, but the exact borders of his domains are still disputed by modern authors. Svatopluk also withstood attacks of the [[Karpatya|Karpat]] tribes and the [[Lunderfrau|First Lund Empire]].
 
After the death of Prince Svatopluk in 894, his sons Mojmir (894–906?) and Svatopluk succeeded him as the Prince of Sylvenska and the Prince of Zagoria respectively. However, they started to quarrel for domination of the whole empire. Weakened by an internal conflict as well as by constant warfare with the [[Lunderfrau|First Lund Empire]], Sylvenska lost most of its peripheral territories.
 
In the meantime, the semi-nomadic [[Karpat]] tribes, possibly having suffered defeat from the similarly nomadic [[Ackesians]], left their territories east of [[Vlachavia]], invaded [[Karpatya]] and started to occupy the territory gradually around 896. Their armies' advance may have been promoted by continuous wars among the countries of the region whose rulers still hired them occasionally to intervene in their struggles. Though the change was gradual, Karpatya was de-facto independent by the death of Prince Svatopluk in 894.
 
It is not known what happened with both Mojmír II and Svatopluk II because they are not mentioned in written sources after 906. In [[Battle of Pressburg|three battles]] (4–5 July and 9 August 907) near [[Karlovice]], the Karpats routed [[Sylvenska]]n armies. Some historians put this year as the date of the break-up of the Great Sylvenskan Empire, due to the Karpat conquest; other historians take the date a little bit earlier (to 902).
 
Great Sylvenska left behind a lasting legacy in Central and Eastern [[Lira]]. The {{wp|Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic script}} and its successor {{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} were disseminated to other Larovan countries, charting a new path in their {{wp|Sociocultural evolution|sociocultural development}}. The administrative system of [[Sylvenska]] may have influenced the development of the administration of the [[Karpatya|Kingdom of Karpatya]].
 
=== Kingdom of Karpatya ===
{{main|Karptaya#history}}
 
Following the disintegration of the Great Sevlara Empire at the turn of the 10th century, the Karpats annexed much of the territory comprising modern Sylvakia. After their victory on the Vlatava River they abandoned their nomadic ways; they settled in the center of the Karpatyan valley, adopted Christianity and began to build a new state—the Kingdom of Karpatya.
 
NEEDS EXPANDING
 
=== Kapilist Wars ===
 
{{main|Kapilist movement}}
 
The [[Kapilist movement]] (1402–85) was primarily a religious, as well as national, manifestation. As a religious reform movement (the so-called Sylvan Reformation), it represented a challenge to papal authority and an assertion of national autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs. The Kapilists defeated four crusades from [[Lunderfrau]] and [[Lira]], and the movement is viewed by many as a part of the (worldwide) Protestant Reformation. Because many of warriors of the crusades were [[Lunderfrau|Lunds]] and [[Grenzaria|Grenzarians]], although many were also [[Ostia]]n and Vlachavian, the Kapilist movement is seen as a Sylvan national movement. In modern times it acquired anti-imperial and anti-Grenzarian associations and has sometimes been identified as a manifestation of a long-term ethnic conflict.
 
Starting around 1385, priest and scholar Hynek Kapil denounced what he judged as the corruption of the Orthodox Church. Most controversially, Kapil declared that the worship of icons against the will of God, and that man should worship God alone, and not images or iconography of him. His preaching was widely heeded in Kashubia, and provoked suppression by the church, which had declared many of Kapil's ideas heretical. Kapil's teaching was distinguished by its rejection of what he saw as the wealth, corruption, and hierarchical tendencies of the Catholic Church. He advocated a doctrine of clerical purity and poverty, and insisted on the laity receiving communion under both kinds, bread and wine.
 
In XXX, Ecumenical Patriarch Alexander III convened a {{wp|cardinal council}} to resolve other religious controversies. Kapil went to the Council, under a safe-conduct from Alexander, but was imprisoned, tried, and burned alive as a heretic on 6 July 1408. This greatly enraged the nobility and local population of Sylvakia, who were largely in favor of church reform.
 
[[File:Jan Zizka Vitkov Prague CZ 007.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Timotej Surový]], the leader of the [[Kapilist movement|Kapilists]] and first {{wp|king|King of Sylvakia}}.]]
 
Kapil's death sparked the [[Kapilist Wars]], decades of religious warfare. [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], the pro-papal king of [[Hungary]] and successor to the Bohemian throne after the death of Wenceslas in 1419, failed repeatedly to gain control of the kingdom despite aid by Hungarian and German armies. Riots broke out in Prague. Led by a Sylvan yeoman, [[Timotej Surový]], the Kapilists streamed into the capital and dethroned the appointed ruler. Religious strife pervaded the entire kingdom and was particularly intense in the German-dominated towns. Kapilist Sylvans and Catholic Grenzarians turned on each other; many were massacred, and many Grenzarian survivors fled or were exiled to the rest of [[Lira]]. [[Lunderfrau]] led or instigated various crusades against Sylvakia in response.
 
The Kapilist Wars followed a pattern. When a crusade was launched against Sylvakia, moderate and radical Kapilists would unite and defeat it. Once the threat was over, the Sylvan armies would focus on raiding the land of Catholic sympathizers. Many historians have painted the Kapilists religious fanatics; they fought in part for a nationalist purpose: to protect their land from a King and a Pope who did not recognize the right of the Kapilists. Kríž led armies to storm castles, monasteries, churches, and villages, expelling the Catholic clergy, expropriating ecclesiastical lands, or accepting conversions.
 
[[File:344Wagenburg der Hussiten.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|The Sylvan [[wagon fort]] became the Kapilist's main defense against the Liran armored cavalry charges.]]
 
[[Timotej Surový]], later to become the "national" king of Sylvakia, was elected "King of the Sylvans" after driving back two successive crusades. Timotej installed another Kapilist, [[John of Rokycan]], as archbishop of Kralovice and succeeded in uniting the more radical Kapilists with the Sylvan Reformed Church, as well as driving the counter-reformists out of the country. Although George was noble-born, he was not a successor of royal dynasty; his election to the monarchy was not recognized by the Pope, or any other Liran monarchs.
 
Timotej sought to establish a "Charter of a Universal Peace and Union." He believed that all monarchs should work for a sustainable peace on the principle of national sovereignty of states, principles of non-interference, and solving problems and disputes before an International Tribunal. Kings would have one vote each, with two votes being assigned to Emperors. Timotej did not see a specific role for Papal authority.
 
Sylvan Catholic nobles joined in the League of Zelena Hora in 1465, challenging the authority of [[Timotej Surový]]; the next year, the Pope excommunicated Timotej. The Sylvan War (1468-1478) pitted Sylvakia against [[Lunderfrau]] and [[Grenzaria]], and the Grenzarian forces, despite early defeats, occupied most of Sylvakia. [[Timotej Surový]] died in 1471, during the Battle of Vlatava. The battle proved a decisive one for the crusaders, as the [[Kapilist movement]], as well as Sylvan national aspirations, were crushed.
 
=== As Part of the Grenzarian Empire ===
 
{{main|Grenzaria|Archduchy of Grenzaria}}
 
Upon the death of Timotej, the Sylvakian estates elected (under duress) the Grenzrarian prince and heir-apparent XXX as king of Sylvakia. In 1435, upon the death of his father, XXX was also crowned Archduke of Grenzaria, which he made his primary title. From then on, Sylvakia was relegated as a nominal part of the Grenzarian Empire. 


==== Kingdom of Kashubia ====
Though legally required to consult the Sylvan estates, the Grenzarian Emperor did not do so for almost a century, and despite Sylvakia’s status as a kingdom under the empire, the Emperor ruled it as little more than an auxiliary province. The Grenzarians rarely, if ever, consulted local nobles, and as a result put down a number of minor insurrections between 1600 and 1800.


The basis for the development of a Kashubian state was laid by the XXX dynasty, which had been preeminent since the 10th century. The conversion of {{wp|Duke Mieszko}} I to Christianity paved the way for Kashubia to become a member of the family of Orthodox kingdoms. In 1000, the [[Tengarian Empire]] officially recognized Kashubia as a sovereign duchy. In 1025, Duke [[Vaclav I]] the Brave was crowned King of Kashubia, marking the starting date for a Kashubian Kingdom, though for long years the Poles were ruled not by Kings but by Dukes.
The Sylvakian Diet was reconvened in 1825 to handle the dire financial needs of the Grenzarian Empire. This allowed for the legal formation of political parties, of which a number formed. The most prominent was a liberal party that emerged and focused on Sylvakian autonomy, Obrana Naroda (National Party), which grew to also aspire for the end of serfdom within the Grenzarian Empire. Though the Emperor made declarations promising reform and national autonomy, these promises were soon reneged once Grenzaria recovered from her financial woes, and the Grenzarians quickly banned Obrana Naroda’s official activities. Despite the imprisonment of its leaders and the banning of its publications, the party remained active underground, and proved a crucial force in the 1852 revolution.


The King ruled the country in his own responsibility but was expected to respect traditional customs of the people. The succession to the rule was not legally restricted by primogeniture. All sons of the King or Duke had the same rights of inheritance, and the one that in some way proved the strongest succeeded to the throne.
=== Kashubian Revolution ===


==== Fragmentation ====
[[File:MWP 1830 Arsenal.jpg|thumb|right|Kashubian partisans storm the Karlovice arsenal at the start of the revolution against Tengarian autocracy and rule in Kashubia.]]


====Period of fragmentation====
On 29 January 1852, mass demonstrations in Kralovice enabled Kashubian reformists to push through a list of 9 demands, called to history as the Nine Points Delcaration. Under governor Jan Szyechenyi, the Tengarian royal viceroy in Kashubia was dethroned, and a national republic was proclaimed.
Duke Stefan III, who reigned from 1102 to 1138, tried to end the repeated struggles between various claimants by setting the government of Kashubia on a more formal footing. In the [[Testament of Stefan III]], he divided his lands into five Duchies and distributed them among his sons, and promised the Burghers and landowning nobles of the regions special privliges. This document is widely considered to be the world's first {{wp|constitution}}.  


To ensure unity, he established the ''consultation agreement'', which stated that the king would be elected from the sons of the King by the Estates of the realm (Clergy, burghers, and nobility, respectively). To this end, it was decided that the landing of royal sons would be done only during succession, and would give authority over a predetirmined split of the 'Korunapřistane', or "Crownlands."
In April of 1852 the Kashubian Parliament proclaimed and enacted a constitution, which promised equal citizenship to anyone living in Kashubia regardless of ethnicity. Many non-Kashubian ethnics gained the coveted highest positions within the Army, like General Yuri Maklovich, an ethnic Soravian who became a national hero through his command of the 3rd Kashubian Army Corps.


[[File:Church in poland 12-13c.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Church in Kashubia, 13th Century.]]
The Tengarians responded to the demands and subsequent dethronement by mobilizing their armed forces. The Kashubians were met with early defeats, being crushed in early battles due to a chronic shortage of artillery, training, and officers.


While the senorial part almost always fell to that member of the Dynasty that happened to be senior, the other four Duchies were inherited in the usual way among the descendants of the King's sons. These provisions were soon broken, however, with the various Dukes trying to gain the position of High Duke for themselves. The provisions, meant to ensure unity fragmented the country even further and resulted in a decline of monarchical power.
International aid from Amethia turned the tide, with Renat de Voron, a Kashubian noble of Amethin descent, taking command of the Kashubian army. de Voron, who had served in the Amethian army, reorganized his forces under Amethian standards and using Amethian weaponry - in open battle in March 1853, he defeated the Tengarians and routed their host at the Siege of Kralovice.


=== As part of the Grand Principality ===
Following the Kashubian victory at Kralovice, the Amethian Empire declared war on Tengaria. In December of 1853, peace was signed, and Kashubia was granted independence.


{{main|Empire of Tengaria|Grand Principality}}
=== First Republic ===


Kaszuby was a client-state of the Grand Principality of Tengaria.
The formal independence of the country was internationally recognised in 1855 during the Treaty of XXX which ended the [[Amethian-Tengarian War]] and [[Kashubian Revolution]] This treaty, however, prohibited Kashubia from uniting with other Kashubian regions by placing  the provinces of [[Rynbik]] and [[Lusatia]] under Amethian occupation. This would prove a constant source of tension in coming years.


==== Iconclast Wars ====
The Republic's early years saw foreign investment, combined with wise economic policies, dratically improve the standard of living for many citizens. Industrial investments, especially in the coal and iron rich regions of the Viery highlands, formed the foundation of Kashubia's domestic industry.


DEFENESTRATION GANG
Under the direction of President de Voron in the 1870s, a number of social and political reforms made Kashubia a beacon of liberalization among absolutist regimes.


=== Revolution and Independence ===
In 1915, Kashubia fought the [[Lake Mis War]] and in the [[First Kashubian-Vedmedian War]]. Though losing the former and fighting the latter to a stalemate, it gave the Kashubian army and nation vital experience for the [[Great War (Kylaris)]]


=== The Great War ===
{{main|Great War (Kylaris)}}
{{main|Great War (Kylaris)}}


During the Great War, almost one hundred thousand Kashubians fought as part of the [[Kasuhbian Legion]] against the Empire. In a large part thanks to their efforts during the war, Kaszuby was able to break free of Imperial reign and establish itself as an independent state for the first time since its partition by the [[Vihoslavia|Kingdom of Vihoslavia]] and the Empire.  
[[File:7TP_Polish_Tank.png|thumb|left|Kashubian LT vz. 29 tanks on maneuvers shortly before Kashubia's entrance into the Great War.]]
 
When the Great War sparked on Feburary 2nd, 1927, Kashubia was originally neutral; however, when it became clear that Tengaria, her primary enemy, was losing the war, Kashubia declared for the Entente and joined Amethia and Ravnia.
 
The Kashubians scored great success early against the demoralized Tengarians, seizing all of the disputed XXX region and occupying parts of XXX in the north.
 
Despite initial successes, the arrival of the Soravian Army in the north and the attritional strain of modern war drained Kashubia's ability to fight, especially on two fronts against the resurgent [[Tengarian National Army]]. The military situation worsened and Kashubia was defeated. The [[Soravian Occupation of Kashubia]] followed. Though a {{wp|government in exile}} remained in Amethia, following the defeat of the Entente at the hands of the Grand Alliance, Kashubia was annexed by Soravia.
 
Kashubia's casulties in the Great War amounted to a staggering 750,000, almost 15% of Kashubia's pre-war size. 52% of its male population perished in the conflict, a casualty rate per capita matched by no other Entente belligerent in The Great War.
 
=== Federal Soveriegn Republic of Kashubia ===
 
The massive destruction, both economic and demographic, wrought by the Great War saw Sostavan reconstruction and resettlement efforts lasting the next decade. However, while the Soravian investment did much to undo the war's destruction, Soravian occupation came at a price - the Kashubian language was relegated to a {{wp|vernacular languge}} while Soravian was taught in schools. Soravian holidays overruled Kashubian ones, and any nationalist dissidents were quelled with a hard hand. In addition, the resettlement initiatives saw nearly 300,000 Soravians move to Kashubia during the occupation, fundamentally changing the country's demograghics.
 
Though nominally "soveriegn", Kashubian government was directed out of the Soravian Duma, and its local assemblies limited in scope and power. No official head-of-government or head-of-state existed in the FSR during the era.
 
The heavy industrial investment into the Kashubian region was in a large part due to Soravian President [[Gabriel Tozulyak]]'s resource prospecting efforts. Natural gas was found under [[Lake Min]], and {{wp|uranium}} and {{wp|bauxite}} inside of the Viery Highlands. The proximity of these resources made for an easy choice for Soravian industry.
 
In addition, Kashubia's proximity to the {{wp|equator}} made it ideal for Soravian spaceflights; a three launch centers were built throughout the country, as well as many auxiliary industries and infastructure. [[Viktor  Matvyenko]] launched from a Kashubian cosmonaut center in his famous 1964 spaceflight.
 
Due to Kashubia's border with Amethia, the Soravians also constructed, maintained, and garrisoned a number of military facilities within the region. These stores of weapons and ammunition became paramount during Kashubia's eventual break with Soravia during the [[Feburary Days]].
 
=== Sostava War & Feburary Days ===
 
{{main|Sostava War}}


==== Kashubian Legion ====
[[File:Bratislava Slovakia 213.JPG|thumb|Memorial of the revolution in [[Karlovy Vary]]:<br /> ''"Only those who struggle for their freedom are worthy of it."'' <br />]]


Czechs! On Trains! In Siberia!
In 1979, President Gardos of Soravia faced military insurrection following his proposed constitutional changes. Gardos' state of emergency in December of that year did more to harm his cause than help it. As civil war gripped the nation, revolutionary elements in Kashubia took to the streets, alongside nationalists from a plethora of Soravian territories.


=== Republic of Kazubya ===
In what became known as the Feburary Days, Kashubian revolutionary elements seized control of the old capitol. Disarming the Soravian garrisons, though largely a peaceful transition, did meet conflict in some places; however, in March, [[Amethia]] became the first nation to recognize Kashubia's independence. This was soon followed by the rest of the Euclean continent.


The Republic is Kaszubya's modern-day state.
=== Second Republic ===
 
Following the [[Feburary Days]] and renewed Kashubian independence, Kashubia adopted a liberal and democratic constitution. International investment, especially by western Euclean states such as [[Gaullacia]] and [[Amethia]] were a major boon to Kashubia's economy, ranking it as the #1 post-Sostava economic growth state. These investments also brought closer ties between Kashubia and the [[AESA]], which eventually led to her joining the alliance.
 
Kashubia enjoyed a period of economic growth and stable internal politics until the [[20XX Recession]]. Relying heavily on foreign capital and investment, the sudden freeze of investment forced Kashubia to default on loan payments; without economic bailout, Kashubia was thrown into economic chaos.
 
Capitlizing on the chaos, [[Tengaria]] claimed that due to the Kashubian's inability to pay their half of the state-owned joint mineral exploitation company in XXX, [[Tengaria]] would assume mineral rights to the region. When the Kashubian government refused, [[Tengaria]] invaded, simetanious to another armed incursion by XXX in the north.
 
A day after the invasion, the government fell to a vote of {{wp|no confidence}}. [[AESA]] intervention failed to materialize, and served to only ratify Tengarian claims as {{wp|fait accompli}}.
 
The invasion, economic recession, and failure on behalf of her allies led to major political upheavel inside of Kashubia. [[Obrana Naroda]], a centrist neo-nationalist party, gained immense popularity.
 
=== 2013 Referendum and Special Election ===
 
[[File:GeneralCernik.jpg|thumb|Brigadier General [[Vaclav Cernik]], the most recent President of Kashubia.]]
 
Brigadier General [[Vaclav Cernik]], Kashubia's only successful military commander during the conflict, spoke out publicly against the incumbent [[Social Republican]] Party and President Antonin Jaskowski. He stated government incompetence and poor leadership as the cause for both the recession and the military disaster.
 
Cernik was immediately dismissed as an officer by the Minister of Defense; as a result, a day later on October 15 men of his brigade mutinied, demanding his reinstatement. Public support for Cernik turned into riots and protests all over the country, and some military forces refused to leave barracks.
 
The standoff was resolved by President Jaskowski, who stepped down and agreed to a special election. Cernik announced his candidacy at the head of the [[Obrana Naroda]] Party, a namesake from the original Kashubian Revolution.
 
The referendum's results were 45% in favor of Jaskowki, 37% in favor of Cernik and 18% in favor of the opposition leader, Jan Kyzumen. With no clear majority achieved, Kyzumen agreed to back Cernik in the runoff, which he won handidly.
 
Following Cernik's ascension to power, the new president refused to annull the {{wp|state of emergency}} issued by his predecessor. Instead, Cernik used the declaration to make massive changes to the constitution and government structure of Kashubia, most notably the abolishment of the role of Prime Minister and its duties being absorbed by his own office.
 
Cernik secured a {{wp|bailout}} from neighboring [[Ravnia]] in exchange for natural gas drilling concessions in [[Lake Min]], and immediately set about a massive {{wp|privitization}} program to pay off debt and to make national companies profitable again.
 
In addition, Cernik doubled military expenditure and began the rearming effort of Kashubia in earnest.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Line 157: Line 282:
==== Steppe ====
==== Steppe ====


==== Mareaspero Coast ====
==== Lake Min ====
[[File:Ялта Южный берег ДДима.jpg|thumb|The coastal highlands in the background and the town of Gdinya in the foreground.]]
[[File:Ялта Южный берег ДДима.jpg|thumb|The coastal highlands of Lake Min in the background and the town of Gdinya in the foreground.]]




Line 169: Line 294:
==== Zelenamoriya Foothills ====
==== Zelenamoriya Foothills ====


==== Lake Sivash ====
==== Lake Min and Lake Sivash ====


=== Geology ===
=== Geology ===
Line 177: Line 302:
=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===


== Government ==
== Politics ==
 
Between 1974 and 2014, Kashubia was a {{wp|parliamentary}} {{wp|representative}} {{wp|democracy}}. A {{wp|presidential system}} was adopted by {{wp|referendum}} in 2013; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2014 and gives the President complete control of the executive, including the power to issue decrees, appoint his own cabinet, draw up the budget, dissolve parliament by calling early elections, and make appointments to the bureaucracy and the courts. The office of Prime Minister has been abolished and its powers (together with those of the Cabinet) have been transferred to the President, who is the head of state and is elected for a five-year term by direct elections. Vaclav Cernik is the first president elected by direct voting. Kashubia's constitution governs the legal framework of the country and sets out the main principles of government and establishes Kashubia as a {{wp|unitary}} {{wp|centralized}} state.
 
Executive power is exercised by the President, while the legislative power is vested in the {{wp|unicameral parliament}}, called the National Assembly. The judiciary is nominally independent from the executive and the legislature, but the constitutional changes that came into effect with the referendums in 2013 gave larger powers to the President and the ruling party for appointing or dismissing judges and prosecutors. The Constitutional Court is charged with ruling on the conformity of laws and decrees with the constitution. The Council of State is the tribunal of last resort for administrative cases, and the High Court of Appeals for all others.
 
=== Law and Enforcement ===
 
According to {{Wp|constitution|Article XXX}} of the Kashubian Constitution, the organisation, duties and jurisdiction of the courts, their functions and the trial procedures are regulated by law. In line with the aforementioned article of the Constitution and related laws, the court system in Kashubia can be classified under three main categories; which are the {{wp|Judicial Courts}}, {{wp|Administrative Courts}} and {{wp|Military Courts}}. Each category includes first instance courts and high courts. In addition, the {{wp|Court of Jurisdictional Disputes}} rules on cases that cannot be classified readily as falling within the purview of one court system.


=== Constitution and Law ===
Law enforcement in Kashubia is carried out by General Directorate of Internal Security (commonly abbreviated as InSec) and other agencies, all acting under the command of the President of Kashubia or mostly the Minister of Internal Affairs. According to figures released by the Justice Ministry, there are 62,000 people in Kashubian prisons as of November 2020, a doubling since 2014.
 
In the years of government by [[Obrana Naroda]] and Cernik, particularly since 2013, the independence and integrity of the Kashubian judiciary has increasingly been said to be in doubt by institutions, parliamentarians and journalists both within and outside of Kashubia; due to political interference in the promotion of judges and prosecutors, and in their pursuit of public duty.


=== Administrative divisions ===
=== Administrative divisions ===


=== Politics ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Map !! Province !! Capitol !! Population !! Region
|-
|rowspan=11|{{Kashubia Labelled Map}}|| [[Viery Province]] || [[Visegrád]] || 4,456,867 || Central
|-
| [[Kralovice|Karlovice Capital Region]] || [[Karlovice]] || 2,758,314 || Central
|-
| [[Mezdev Province]] || [[Prigorodki]] || 1,358,901 || Central
|-
| [[Liberec Province]] || [[Litomyšl]] || 812,571 || North
|-
| [[Człuchów Province]] || [[Chomutov]] || 658,978 || North
|-
| [[Zagoria Province]] || [[Vybor]] || 1,558,978 || North
|-
| [[Lábatlan Province]] || [[Berezino]] || 1,458,555 || East
|-
| [[Eposz Province]] || [[Svetlográd]] || 1,058,978 || East
|-
| [[Jálháva Province]] || [[Karvina]] || 1,101,321 || East
|}


=== Foreign Relations ===
=== Foreign Relations ===
Kashubia is a member of the Euclean Community and the AESA, although its membership in the latter is stated to be {{wp|de jure}} only. Kashubia nevertheless maintains cordial relations with neighboring [[Ravnia]] and [[Amathia]]. Kashubia has a number of joint military and economic development programs with [[Ravnia]], most notably the [[Minfighter program]], the world's only 5th generation fighter development not attributed to an alliance bloc or world power.
However, Kashubia's continued bellicosity, revanchism, and military buildup has put it at odds with [[Tengaria]], [[XXX]], and the rest of [[XXX]].


=== Military ===
=== Military ===
The Kashubian Defense Forces, abbreviated KDF, are broken up into five branches: Land Forces, Maritime Forces, Air Force, Special Forces, and Territorial Forces. As of 2020, the Kashubian Defense Forces numbers 159,638 personnel, with an annual spending of 20.423 billion koruna, or 5% of its GDP. In 2014, Kashubia re-introduced mandatory {{wp|conscription}} for males age 18. Kashubia’s 2020 expenditure is more than double what Kashubia spent prior to the elevation of Valcav Cernik as President of the Republic.
The mission of the armed forces is the defence of Kashubia's territorial integrity and Kashubian interests abroad. After the 2013 war with XXX, Kashubian military maneuvers and posturing has been increasingly offensive, drawing ire from the international community.
While Kashubia’s domestic arms industry is nascent, it has seen exponential growth in the last decade thanks to government stimulus programs. Nevertheless, Kashubia’s armed forces relies on foreign military equipment for its forces. Most recently, Kashubia purchased 75 XXX 5th generation strike fighters from XXX.


== Economy ==
== Economy ==


=== Agriculture ===
The Kashubian economy is a developed, {{wp|high income economy}}, with the GDP per capita equalling 78% of the average in 2020. The country has difficulties addressing regional imbalances in wealth and employment. GDP per capita ranges from 188% of EC average in Kralovice to 54% in the north. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their own homes.


=== Manufacturing ===
The Kashubian economy is one of the fastest-growing economies in Euclea, achieving a GDP growth of more than 3% consecutively for the last decade. Unemployment, peaking at 19% at the end of 1999, decreased to 4.9% in 2019, lowest recorded rate in Kashubian history.


=== Mining ===
{{wp|Foreign investment}} flow grew more than 600% from 2000 and cumulatively reached an all-time high of $17.3 billion in 2006, or around $22,000 per capita by the end of 2008.
 
The Kashubian government encourages foreign investment since it is one of the driving forces of the economy. Some regions, mostly in the east of the country, have failed to attract major investment, which has aggravated regional disparities in many economic and social areas.
 
However, due to the regime change in 2013, foreign investment has dropped to 10.6 billion, or just $9,800 per capita.
 
=== 20XX Recession and recovery ===
 
In the second decade of the 21st century, the Kashubian economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s. No bailout from Euclean Community of AESA members came, and neighboring nations capitilized on the instability to seize disputed territory. At the time of the recession, the economy had contracted by 12.7% in the second quarter of 2013 and 16.4% in total, though much of this is attributed to territory lost in the [[XXX War]].
 
The bailout, which came after President Vaclav Cernik's ascension to power, required Kashubia to cede natural gas drilling rights in [[Lake Min]] in exchange for funding support of €108,000,000,000. In May 2015, the country exited the bailout and reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its economic reformist momentum.


=== Energy ===
=== Energy ===
The electricity generation sector in Kashubia is largely {{wp|fossil-fuel}} based. Many power plants nationwide use Kashubia’s position as a major exporter of coal to their advantage by continuing to use coal as the primary raw material in the production of their energy. The three largest Kashubian coal mining firms extract around 100 million tonnes of coal annually.
{{wp|Renewable energy}} production accounts for a smaller proportion of Kashubia’s full energy generation capacity (12%). However, a joint {{wp|tidal energy}} project with XXX engineers led to the construction of the world's first artifical tidal lagoon and adjoining turbine complex. Opened in 2012, the Lake Min Tidal Power Complex generates 119 MW of electricity.
Kashubia has around 164,800,000,000 m3 of proven natural gas reserves and around 96,380,000 barrels of proven oil reserves, though most of these lie offshore in [[Lake Min]]. Per the bailout agreement with [[Ravnia]], [[Kashubia]] ceded the rights to approximately 75,500,000,000 m3 of this in exchange for economic relief. However, the small amounts of fossil fuels naturally occurring in Kashubia are insufficient to satisfy the full energy consumption needs of the population. Consequently the country is a net importer of oil and natural gas.


== Culture ==
== Culture ==


who gives a flying fuck
The culture of Kashubia is closely connected with its intricate 1,000-year history forms an important constituent in Euclean and Slavic civilization. The Kashubians take great pride their national identity which is often associated with the colours black and gold, and exuded by the expression **černé zlato**  ("Blackgolds"). National symbols, chiefly the crowned lion, are often visible on clothing, insignia and emblems. The appreciation of Kashubia’s traditions and cultural heritage is commonly known as Kashubiphilia.
 
=== Folk tradition ===
 
{{wp|Folk tradition}} has rooted strongly in Kashubia and is reflected in {{wp|literature}}, {{wp|music}}, {{wp|dance}} and {{wp|architecture}}. The prime example is a Kashubian national motto, **Sila, Svoboda, Solidarita** which is based on a children’s folk story that has been passed down for generations.
 
The manifestation of Kashubian folklore culture is the **Východná** Folklore Festival. It is the oldest and largest nationwide festival with international participation, which takes place in Vychodna annually. Kashubia is usually represented by many groups but mainly by KĽUK (Kaszuby ľudový umelecký kolektív—Kashubian folk art collective). KĽUK is the largest Kashubian folk art group, trying to preserve the folklore tradition.
 
=== Music ===
 
The wealth of musical culture lies in the classical music tradition during all historical periods, especially in the {{wp|Baroque}}, {{wp|Classicism}}, {{wp|Romantic}}, {{wp|modern classical}} music and in the traditional folk music of the nation. Since the early era of artificial music, Kashubian musicians and composers have been influenced by the folk music of the region.
 
Kashubian music can be considered to have been a cornerstone in both the Euclean and Slavic spheres, several times co-determined or even determined a newly arriving era in musical art, above all of {{wp|Classical}} as well as by original attitudes in Baroque and Romanticism.
 
A famous music festival, Kashubian Spring, is hosted every year for classical music, a permanent showcase for performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles of the world.
 
=== Art ===
 
As of 2016, the refurbished National Gallery manages the largest collection of art in the Kashubia. It displays 20th century avant-garde revolutionary art, expressionist, realist and cubist styles. The Gallery also displays {{wp|Art photography}}, which has become a new field, especially following the founding of the Second Republic. Though the Gallery is undoubtedly a collection of some of the nation’s finest art, many commentators have expressed concerns over the {{wp|nationalist}} undertones that the display portfolios present.
 
=== Architecture ===
 
History has not been kind to Kashubia’s architectural monuments. Nonetheless, a number of ancient structures have survived: castles, churches, and stately homes, often unique in the regional or Euclean context. Some of them have been painstakingly restored, like XXX Castle, or completely reconstructed, including the Old Town and Royal Castle of XXX and the Old Town of XXX.
 
=== Public holidays ===
 
There are 13 government-approved annual public holidays – New Years Day on 1 January, Nation (Kashubia) Day on 29 January, Easter on the first Sunday and Monday of April, Labor Day on 1 May, Rememberance Day on 5 July, Chrristmastide on 25 and 26 December.
 
Particular traditions and superstitious customs observed in Poland are not found elsewhere in Europe. Though Christmas Eve is not a public holiday, it remains the most memorable day in the entire year. An empty plate and seat are symbolically left at the table for an unexpected guest. On occasion, {{wp|carolers}} parade around smaller towns until the Lent period.
 
[[Rememberance Day]] is the most solemn non-religious holiday in Kashubia. Signed into law by President [[Valcav Cernik]], it is observed annually on the day of Kashubian capitulation against Tengaria and XXX in the 2013 War, which coincided with the Soravian capture of the capitol during the [[Great War (Kylaris)]]. The holiday calls for civilians to dress in {{wp|mourning}}, flags to be flown upside down (the signal for distress), and is accompanied by a veteran’s march through urban streets.
 
A widely-popular {{wp|kolache}} and sweet pastry feast occurs on Easter. The week following Easter is celebrated with pagan festivities, where the youth engage in water fights and some girls are gently spanked by colleagues with {{wp|pussy willows}} to stimulate fertility.
 
Cemeteries and graves of the deceased are annually visited by family members on All Saints' Day; tombstones are cleaned as a sign of respect and candles are lit to honour the dead on an unprecedented scale.

Latest revision as of 01:00, 12 February 2021

Republic of Kaszuby
Republika Kaszuby
Республика Кашубия
Kasuhbia
Flag of Kashubia
Flag
Emblem of Kashubia
Emblem
Motto: Síla, Svoboda, Solidarita
"Strength, Freedom, Unity"
Anthem: To The Allegiant Ones
Topographical relief map with major cities.
Topographical relief map with major cities.
Capital
and largest city
Kralovice
Ethnic groups
(2020)
Kashubian 56.7%

Lemovicans 29.1%
Tengarian 8.7%

Other 8.7%<
Demonym(s)Kashubian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic (1919–1930)
Unitary presidential constitutional republic
(1919–1931)
• President
Vaclav Cernik
Sovereign State
• Regal Coronation
1025
• First Republic
1852
• Second Republic
1979
• Constitutional reform
2014
Area
• Total Land
265,171.42 km2 (102,383.26 sq mi)does not include inland lakes
• Water (%)
13.41%
Population
• 2020 census
14,861,348
• Density
[convert: invalid number]
GDP (PPP)2020 estimate
• Total
$408.465 billion
• Per capita
$27,599
CurrencyKoruna (KOR)
Time zoneUTC-1 (Menghean Southwestern Time)
Date formatyyyy-mm-dd; CE(AD)
Driving sideright
Calling code+25




Kaszubya (/Ka-shU-bya/ in English), also known as Kashubia is a sovereign nation in central-coastal Kylaris. It is bordered by Vedmed to the north; Amathia to the east; Tengaria to the south, and Yavorstrana to the west. Kashubia's capital and largest city, Kralovice, is situated on the eastern shores of Lake Min. Possessing a unique language and culture, Kashubia was an independent kingdom until its subjugation by the Empire of Tengaria. This occupation ended with the Kashubian Revolution in 1852, though Kashubia was once again occupied, this time by the Soravians, after the Great War (Kylaris). Kashubia’s modern state gained its independence in 1980 after the Sostava War, and was a beacon of liberty and democracy until the 2013 military coup. It has a population of 14.8 billion, and a growing economy based around agriculture, manufacturing, energy, and mining.

Eytomology

Sylvakia's name in theory means the "Land of the Sylvans" (Sylvensko in the Sylvan language, stemming from the older form Sylvak). As such, it is a cognate of the words Sylvenska and Sylvania. In medieval Latin, German sources and even some Slavic sources, the same name has often been used for both Sylvans and Larovan Slavs in general.

According to one of the theories, between 13th and 14th century a new form of national name formed for the ancestors of the Sylvans, possibly due to foreign influence – the word Sylvák (in medieval sources from 1291 onward). This form slowly replaced the name for the male members of the community, but the female name (Sylva), reference to the lands inhabited and the name of the language (Sylvan) all remained the same, with their base in the older form. Most foreign translations tends to stem from this newer form (Sylvakia in English, Sylwakei in German, Sylvaquie in French, etc.).

History

Prehistory and antiquity

The oldest surviving human artifacts from Sylvakia are dated at 270,000 BCE, in the Early Paleolithic era. These ancient tools, made by the Clactonian technique, bear witness to the ancient habitation of Sylvakia.

Other stone tools from the Middle Paleolithic era (200,000–80,000 BCE) come from the Prévôt (Prepoštská) cave in Bojnice and from other nearby sites.[18] The most important discovery from that era is a Neanderthal cranium (c. 200,000 BCE), discovered near the city of Gánovce in northern Sylvakia.

A rendering of an ancient Sylvan oppiva, or hillfort. Settlments such as these were sparsed across the region.

Settlement in the area called Sylvakia for the last 1,000 years started by the end of the Glacial Stage, some 13,000 years ago. Archeological traces have been found of various cultures during the Stone and Bronze Age, Baltic peoples, Germanic peoples during the Iron Age and, in the Dark Ages, West Slavic tribes and Vikings. Starting in the 10th century, early Sylvan rulers united the region.

During the Bronze Age, the geographical territory of modern-day Slovakia went through three stages of development, stretching from 2000 to 800BCE. Major cultural, economic, and political development can be attributed to the significant growth in production of copper, especially in northeastern and northwest Sylvakia. Copper became a stable source of prosperity for the local population.

Left: an ancient Biatec coin
Right: five modern Sylvan koruna

During this era the region's peoples expanded building of strong and complex fortifications, with the large permanent buildings and administrative centers. Excavations of oppiva, or as they are more commonly known, hill forts, document the substantial development of trade and agriculture at that period. The richness and diversity of tombs increased considerably. The inhabitants of the area manufactured arms, shields, jewelry, dishes, and statues.

Great Sylvenska

A statue of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. In 863, they introduced Christianity to what is now Sylvakia.

Sylvenska arose around 830 when XXX unified the Sylvan tribes settled north of the Vlatava river and extended supremacy over them. When Mojmír I endeavored to secede from the supremacy of the king of Grenzaria in 846, King XXX deposed him and assisted XXX's nephew Rastislav (846–870) in acquiring the throne. The new monarch pursued an independent policy: after stopping a Frankish attack in 855, he also sought to weaken the influence of Frankish priests preaching in his realm. Duke Rastislav asked the XXX empire to send teachers who would interpret Christianity in the Slavic vernacular.

Upon Rastislav's request, two brothers, the missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius came in 863. Cyril developed the first Slavic alphabet and translated the Gospel into the Old Church Slavonic language. Rastislav was also preoccupied with the security and administration of his state. Numerous fortified castles built throughout the country are dated to his reign and some of them (e.g., Dowina, sometimes identified with Devín Castle) are also mentioned in connection with Rastislav by foreign chronicles.

The papal letter "Industriae Tuae"
Scire vos volumus, a letter written in 879 by the Patriarch to the King of Sylvenska.

During Rastislav's reign, Zagoria was given to his nephew Svätopluk as an appanage. The rebellious prince allied himself with the Franks and overthrew his uncle in 870. Similarly to his predecessor, Svätopluk I (871–894) assumed the title of the king (rex). During his reign, the Great Sylvenskan Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, when not only present-day Sylvakia and western Grenzaria but also present-day northern and central Vlachavia, Zagoria, and Karpatya belonged to the empire, but the exact borders of his domains are still disputed by modern authors. Svatopluk also withstood attacks of the Karpat tribes and the First Lund Empire.

After the death of Prince Svatopluk in 894, his sons Mojmir (894–906?) and Svatopluk succeeded him as the Prince of Sylvenska and the Prince of Zagoria respectively. However, they started to quarrel for domination of the whole empire. Weakened by an internal conflict as well as by constant warfare with the First Lund Empire, Sylvenska lost most of its peripheral territories.

In the meantime, the semi-nomadic Karpat tribes, possibly having suffered defeat from the similarly nomadic Ackesians, left their territories east of Vlachavia, invaded Karpatya and started to occupy the territory gradually around 896. Their armies' advance may have been promoted by continuous wars among the countries of the region whose rulers still hired them occasionally to intervene in their struggles. Though the change was gradual, Karpatya was de-facto independent by the death of Prince Svatopluk in 894.

It is not known what happened with both Mojmír II and Svatopluk II because they are not mentioned in written sources after 906. In three battles (4–5 July and 9 August 907) near Karlovice, the Karpats routed Sylvenskan armies. Some historians put this year as the date of the break-up of the Great Sylvenskan Empire, due to the Karpat conquest; other historians take the date a little bit earlier (to 902).

Great Sylvenska left behind a lasting legacy in Central and Eastern Lira. The Glagolitic script and its successor Cyrillic were disseminated to other Larovan countries, charting a new path in their sociocultural development. The administrative system of Sylvenska may have influenced the development of the administration of the Kingdom of Karpatya.

Kingdom of Karpatya

Following the disintegration of the Great Sevlara Empire at the turn of the 10th century, the Karpats annexed much of the territory comprising modern Sylvakia. After their victory on the Vlatava River they abandoned their nomadic ways; they settled in the center of the Karpatyan valley, adopted Christianity and began to build a new state—the Kingdom of Karpatya.

NEEDS EXPANDING

Kapilist Wars

The Kapilist movement (1402–85) was primarily a religious, as well as national, manifestation. As a religious reform movement (the so-called Sylvan Reformation), it represented a challenge to papal authority and an assertion of national autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs. The Kapilists defeated four crusades from Lunderfrau and Lira, and the movement is viewed by many as a part of the (worldwide) Protestant Reformation. Because many of warriors of the crusades were Lunds and Grenzarians, although many were also Ostian and Vlachavian, the Kapilist movement is seen as a Sylvan national movement. In modern times it acquired anti-imperial and anti-Grenzarian associations and has sometimes been identified as a manifestation of a long-term ethnic conflict.

Starting around 1385, priest and scholar Hynek Kapil denounced what he judged as the corruption of the Orthodox Church. Most controversially, Kapil declared that the worship of icons against the will of God, and that man should worship God alone, and not images or iconography of him. His preaching was widely heeded in Kashubia, and provoked suppression by the church, which had declared many of Kapil's ideas heretical. Kapil's teaching was distinguished by its rejection of what he saw as the wealth, corruption, and hierarchical tendencies of the Catholic Church. He advocated a doctrine of clerical purity and poverty, and insisted on the laity receiving communion under both kinds, bread and wine.

In XXX, Ecumenical Patriarch Alexander III convened a cardinal council to resolve other religious controversies. Kapil went to the Council, under a safe-conduct from Alexander, but was imprisoned, tried, and burned alive as a heretic on 6 July 1408. This greatly enraged the nobility and local population of Sylvakia, who were largely in favor of church reform.

Timotej Surový, the leader of the Kapilists and first King of Sylvakia.

Kapil's death sparked the Kapilist Wars, decades of religious warfare. Sigismund, the pro-papal king of Hungary and successor to the Bohemian throne after the death of Wenceslas in 1419, failed repeatedly to gain control of the kingdom despite aid by Hungarian and German armies. Riots broke out in Prague. Led by a Sylvan yeoman, Timotej Surový, the Kapilists streamed into the capital and dethroned the appointed ruler. Religious strife pervaded the entire kingdom and was particularly intense in the German-dominated towns. Kapilist Sylvans and Catholic Grenzarians turned on each other; many were massacred, and many Grenzarian survivors fled or were exiled to the rest of Lira. Lunderfrau led or instigated various crusades against Sylvakia in response.

The Kapilist Wars followed a pattern. When a crusade was launched against Sylvakia, moderate and radical Kapilists would unite and defeat it. Once the threat was over, the Sylvan armies would focus on raiding the land of Catholic sympathizers. Many historians have painted the Kapilists religious fanatics; they fought in part for a nationalist purpose: to protect their land from a King and a Pope who did not recognize the right of the Kapilists. Kríž led armies to storm castles, monasteries, churches, and villages, expelling the Catholic clergy, expropriating ecclesiastical lands, or accepting conversions.

The Sylvan wagon fort became the Kapilist's main defense against the Liran armored cavalry charges.

Timotej Surový, later to become the "national" king of Sylvakia, was elected "King of the Sylvans" after driving back two successive crusades. Timotej installed another Kapilist, John of Rokycan, as archbishop of Kralovice and succeeded in uniting the more radical Kapilists with the Sylvan Reformed Church, as well as driving the counter-reformists out of the country. Although George was noble-born, he was not a successor of royal dynasty; his election to the monarchy was not recognized by the Pope, or any other Liran monarchs.

Timotej sought to establish a "Charter of a Universal Peace and Union." He believed that all monarchs should work for a sustainable peace on the principle of national sovereignty of states, principles of non-interference, and solving problems and disputes before an International Tribunal. Kings would have one vote each, with two votes being assigned to Emperors. Timotej did not see a specific role for Papal authority.

Sylvan Catholic nobles joined in the League of Zelena Hora in 1465, challenging the authority of Timotej Surový; the next year, the Pope excommunicated Timotej. The Sylvan War (1468-1478) pitted Sylvakia against Lunderfrau and Grenzaria, and the Grenzarian forces, despite early defeats, occupied most of Sylvakia. Timotej Surový died in 1471, during the Battle of Vlatava. The battle proved a decisive one for the crusaders, as the Kapilist movement, as well as Sylvan national aspirations, were crushed.

As Part of the Grenzarian Empire

Upon the death of Timotej, the Sylvakian estates elected (under duress) the Grenzrarian prince and heir-apparent XXX as king of Sylvakia. In 1435, upon the death of his father, XXX was also crowned Archduke of Grenzaria, which he made his primary title. From then on, Sylvakia was relegated as a nominal part of the Grenzarian Empire.

Though legally required to consult the Sylvan estates, the Grenzarian Emperor did not do so for almost a century, and despite Sylvakia’s status as a kingdom under the empire, the Emperor ruled it as little more than an auxiliary province. The Grenzarians rarely, if ever, consulted local nobles, and as a result put down a number of minor insurrections between 1600 and 1800.

The Sylvakian Diet was reconvened in 1825 to handle the dire financial needs of the Grenzarian Empire. This allowed for the legal formation of political parties, of which a number formed. The most prominent was a liberal party that emerged and focused on Sylvakian autonomy, Obrana Naroda (National Party), which grew to also aspire for the end of serfdom within the Grenzarian Empire. Though the Emperor made declarations promising reform and national autonomy, these promises were soon reneged once Grenzaria recovered from her financial woes, and the Grenzarians quickly banned Obrana Naroda’s official activities. Despite the imprisonment of its leaders and the banning of its publications, the party remained active underground, and proved a crucial force in the 1852 revolution.

Kashubian Revolution

Kashubian partisans storm the Karlovice arsenal at the start of the revolution against Tengarian autocracy and rule in Kashubia.

On 29 January 1852, mass demonstrations in Kralovice enabled Kashubian reformists to push through a list of 9 demands, called to history as the Nine Points Delcaration. Under governor Jan Szyechenyi, the Tengarian royal viceroy in Kashubia was dethroned, and a national republic was proclaimed.

In April of 1852 the Kashubian Parliament proclaimed and enacted a constitution, which promised equal citizenship to anyone living in Kashubia regardless of ethnicity. Many non-Kashubian ethnics gained the coveted highest positions within the Army, like General Yuri Maklovich, an ethnic Soravian who became a national hero through his command of the 3rd Kashubian Army Corps.

The Tengarians responded to the demands and subsequent dethronement by mobilizing their armed forces. The Kashubians were met with early defeats, being crushed in early battles due to a chronic shortage of artillery, training, and officers.

International aid from Amethia turned the tide, with Renat de Voron, a Kashubian noble of Amethin descent, taking command of the Kashubian army. de Voron, who had served in the Amethian army, reorganized his forces under Amethian standards and using Amethian weaponry - in open battle in March 1853, he defeated the Tengarians and routed their host at the Siege of Kralovice.

Following the Kashubian victory at Kralovice, the Amethian Empire declared war on Tengaria. In December of 1853, peace was signed, and Kashubia was granted independence.

First Republic

The formal independence of the country was internationally recognised in 1855 during the Treaty of XXX which ended the Amethian-Tengarian War and Kashubian Revolution This treaty, however, prohibited Kashubia from uniting with other Kashubian regions by placing the provinces of Rynbik and Lusatia under Amethian occupation. This would prove a constant source of tension in coming years.

The Republic's early years saw foreign investment, combined with wise economic policies, dratically improve the standard of living for many citizens. Industrial investments, especially in the coal and iron rich regions of the Viery highlands, formed the foundation of Kashubia's domestic industry.

Under the direction of President de Voron in the 1870s, a number of social and political reforms made Kashubia a beacon of liberalization among absolutist regimes.

In 1915, Kashubia fought the Lake Mis War and in the First Kashubian-Vedmedian War. Though losing the former and fighting the latter to a stalemate, it gave the Kashubian army and nation vital experience for the Great War (Kylaris)

The Great War

Kashubian LT vz. 29 tanks on maneuvers shortly before Kashubia's entrance into the Great War.

When the Great War sparked on Feburary 2nd, 1927, Kashubia was originally neutral; however, when it became clear that Tengaria, her primary enemy, was losing the war, Kashubia declared for the Entente and joined Amethia and Ravnia.

The Kashubians scored great success early against the demoralized Tengarians, seizing all of the disputed XXX region and occupying parts of XXX in the north.

Despite initial successes, the arrival of the Soravian Army in the north and the attritional strain of modern war drained Kashubia's ability to fight, especially on two fronts against the resurgent Tengarian National Army. The military situation worsened and Kashubia was defeated. The Soravian Occupation of Kashubia followed. Though a government in exile remained in Amethia, following the defeat of the Entente at the hands of the Grand Alliance, Kashubia was annexed by Soravia.

Kashubia's casulties in the Great War amounted to a staggering 750,000, almost 15% of Kashubia's pre-war size. 52% of its male population perished in the conflict, a casualty rate per capita matched by no other Entente belligerent in The Great War.

Federal Soveriegn Republic of Kashubia

The massive destruction, both economic and demographic, wrought by the Great War saw Sostavan reconstruction and resettlement efforts lasting the next decade. However, while the Soravian investment did much to undo the war's destruction, Soravian occupation came at a price - the Kashubian language was relegated to a vernacular languge while Soravian was taught in schools. Soravian holidays overruled Kashubian ones, and any nationalist dissidents were quelled with a hard hand. In addition, the resettlement initiatives saw nearly 300,000 Soravians move to Kashubia during the occupation, fundamentally changing the country's demograghics.

Though nominally "soveriegn", Kashubian government was directed out of the Soravian Duma, and its local assemblies limited in scope and power. No official head-of-government or head-of-state existed in the FSR during the era.

The heavy industrial investment into the Kashubian region was in a large part due to Soravian President Gabriel Tozulyak's resource prospecting efforts. Natural gas was found under Lake Min, and uranium and bauxite inside of the Viery Highlands. The proximity of these resources made for an easy choice for Soravian industry.

In addition, Kashubia's proximity to the equator made it ideal for Soravian spaceflights; a three launch centers were built throughout the country, as well as many auxiliary industries and infastructure. Viktor Matvyenko launched from a Kashubian cosmonaut center in his famous 1964 spaceflight.

Due to Kashubia's border with Amethia, the Soravians also constructed, maintained, and garrisoned a number of military facilities within the region. These stores of weapons and ammunition became paramount during Kashubia's eventual break with Soravia during the Feburary Days.

Sostava War & Feburary Days

Memorial of the revolution in Karlovy Vary:
"Only those who struggle for their freedom are worthy of it."

In 1979, President Gardos of Soravia faced military insurrection following his proposed constitutional changes. Gardos' state of emergency in December of that year did more to harm his cause than help it. As civil war gripped the nation, revolutionary elements in Kashubia took to the streets, alongside nationalists from a plethora of Soravian territories.

In what became known as the Feburary Days, Kashubian revolutionary elements seized control of the old capitol. Disarming the Soravian garrisons, though largely a peaceful transition, did meet conflict in some places; however, in March, Amethia became the first nation to recognize Kashubia's independence. This was soon followed by the rest of the Euclean continent.

Second Republic

Following the Feburary Days and renewed Kashubian independence, Kashubia adopted a liberal and democratic constitution. International investment, especially by western Euclean states such as Gaullacia and Amethia were a major boon to Kashubia's economy, ranking it as the #1 post-Sostava economic growth state. These investments also brought closer ties between Kashubia and the AESA, which eventually led to her joining the alliance.

Kashubia enjoyed a period of economic growth and stable internal politics until the 20XX Recession. Relying heavily on foreign capital and investment, the sudden freeze of investment forced Kashubia to default on loan payments; without economic bailout, Kashubia was thrown into economic chaos.

Capitlizing on the chaos, Tengaria claimed that due to the Kashubian's inability to pay their half of the state-owned joint mineral exploitation company in XXX, Tengaria would assume mineral rights to the region. When the Kashubian government refused, Tengaria invaded, simetanious to another armed incursion by XXX in the north.

A day after the invasion, the government fell to a vote of no confidence. AESA intervention failed to materialize, and served to only ratify Tengarian claims as fait accompli.

The invasion, economic recession, and failure on behalf of her allies led to major political upheavel inside of Kashubia. Obrana Naroda, a centrist neo-nationalist party, gained immense popularity.

2013 Referendum and Special Election

Brigadier General Vaclav Cernik, the most recent President of Kashubia.

Brigadier General Vaclav Cernik, Kashubia's only successful military commander during the conflict, spoke out publicly against the incumbent Social Republican Party and President Antonin Jaskowski. He stated government incompetence and poor leadership as the cause for both the recession and the military disaster.

Cernik was immediately dismissed as an officer by the Minister of Defense; as a result, a day later on October 15 men of his brigade mutinied, demanding his reinstatement. Public support for Cernik turned into riots and protests all over the country, and some military forces refused to leave barracks.

The standoff was resolved by President Jaskowski, who stepped down and agreed to a special election. Cernik announced his candidacy at the head of the Obrana Naroda Party, a namesake from the original Kashubian Revolution.

The referendum's results were 45% in favor of Jaskowki, 37% in favor of Cernik and 18% in favor of the opposition leader, Jan Kyzumen. With no clear majority achieved, Kyzumen agreed to back Cernik in the runoff, which he won handidly.

Following Cernik's ascension to power, the new president refused to annull the state of emergency issued by his predecessor. Instead, Cernik used the declaration to make massive changes to the constitution and government structure of Kashubia, most notably the abolishment of the role of Prime Minister and its duties being absorbed by his own office.

Cernik secured a bailout from neighboring Ravnia in exchange for natural gas drilling concessions in Lake Min, and immediately set about a massive privitization program to pay off debt and to make national companies profitable again.

In addition, Cernik doubled military expenditure and began the rearming effort of Kashubia in earnest.

Geography

Steppe

Lake Min

The coastal highlands of Lake Min in the background and the town of Gdinya in the foreground.


Black Mountains

Cloud-covered slopes of the Black Mountains in northern Kaszuby.

The Black Mountains dominate Kaszuby's northern and western frontiers. The mountains, named for the slate and obsidian that dominate their slopes, are both naturally hazardous and resource rich. The primary range forms an arc throughout Central and southeastern Patrium. Roughly 1,500 km (932 mi) long, the range stretches from the XXX, to Kaszuby's eastern frontier, and down to the southern Patriumonic coast. The highest range within the Carpathians is known as the Tatra mountains in northern Kaszuby, where the highest peaks exceed 2,600 m (8,530 ft).

Zelenamoriya Foothills

Lake Min and Lake Sivash

Geology

Land use

Climate

Politics

Between 1974 and 2014, Kashubia was a parliamentary representative democracy. A presidential system was adopted by referendum in 2013; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2014 and gives the President complete control of the executive, including the power to issue decrees, appoint his own cabinet, draw up the budget, dissolve parliament by calling early elections, and make appointments to the bureaucracy and the courts. The office of Prime Minister has been abolished and its powers (together with those of the Cabinet) have been transferred to the President, who is the head of state and is elected for a five-year term by direct elections. Vaclav Cernik is the first president elected by direct voting. Kashubia's constitution governs the legal framework of the country and sets out the main principles of government and establishes Kashubia as a unitary centralized state.

Executive power is exercised by the President, while the legislative power is vested in the unicameral parliament, called the National Assembly. The judiciary is nominally independent from the executive and the legislature, but the constitutional changes that came into effect with the referendums in 2013 gave larger powers to the President and the ruling party for appointing or dismissing judges and prosecutors. The Constitutional Court is charged with ruling on the conformity of laws and decrees with the constitution. The Council of State is the tribunal of last resort for administrative cases, and the High Court of Appeals for all others.

Law and Enforcement

According to Article XXX of the Kashubian Constitution, the organisation, duties and jurisdiction of the courts, their functions and the trial procedures are regulated by law. In line with the aforementioned article of the Constitution and related laws, the court system in Kashubia can be classified under three main categories; which are the Judicial Courts, Administrative Courts and Military Courts. Each category includes first instance courts and high courts. In addition, the Court of Jurisdictional Disputes rules on cases that cannot be classified readily as falling within the purview of one court system.

Law enforcement in Kashubia is carried out by General Directorate of Internal Security (commonly abbreviated as InSec) and other agencies, all acting under the command of the President of Kashubia or mostly the Minister of Internal Affairs. According to figures released by the Justice Ministry, there are 62,000 people in Kashubian prisons as of November 2020, a doubling since 2014.

In the years of government by Obrana Naroda and Cernik, particularly since 2013, the independence and integrity of the Kashubian judiciary has increasingly been said to be in doubt by institutions, parliamentarians and journalists both within and outside of Kashubia; due to political interference in the promotion of judges and prosecutors, and in their pursuit of public duty.

Administrative divisions

Map Province Capitol Population Region
Viery Province Visegrád 4,456,867 Central
Karlovice Capital Region Karlovice 2,758,314 Central
Mezdev Province Prigorodki 1,358,901 Central
Liberec Province Litomyšl 812,571 North
Człuchów Province Chomutov 658,978 North
Zagoria Province Vybor 1,558,978 North
Lábatlan Province Berezino 1,458,555 East
Eposz Province Svetlográd 1,058,978 East
Jálháva Province Karvina 1,101,321 East

Foreign Relations

Kashubia is a member of the Euclean Community and the AESA, although its membership in the latter is stated to be de jure only. Kashubia nevertheless maintains cordial relations with neighboring Ravnia and Amathia. Kashubia has a number of joint military and economic development programs with Ravnia, most notably the Minfighter program, the world's only 5th generation fighter development not attributed to an alliance bloc or world power.

However, Kashubia's continued bellicosity, revanchism, and military buildup has put it at odds with Tengaria, XXX, and the rest of XXX.

Military

The Kashubian Defense Forces, abbreviated KDF, are broken up into five branches: Land Forces, Maritime Forces, Air Force, Special Forces, and Territorial Forces. As of 2020, the Kashubian Defense Forces numbers 159,638 personnel, with an annual spending of 20.423 billion koruna, or 5% of its GDP. In 2014, Kashubia re-introduced mandatory conscription for males age 18. Kashubia’s 2020 expenditure is more than double what Kashubia spent prior to the elevation of Valcav Cernik as President of the Republic.

The mission of the armed forces is the defence of Kashubia's territorial integrity and Kashubian interests abroad. After the 2013 war with XXX, Kashubian military maneuvers and posturing has been increasingly offensive, drawing ire from the international community.

While Kashubia’s domestic arms industry is nascent, it has seen exponential growth in the last decade thanks to government stimulus programs. Nevertheless, Kashubia’s armed forces relies on foreign military equipment for its forces. Most recently, Kashubia purchased 75 XXX 5th generation strike fighters from XXX.

Economy

The Kashubian economy is a developed, high income economy, with the GDP per capita equalling 78% of the average in 2020. The country has difficulties addressing regional imbalances in wealth and employment. GDP per capita ranges from 188% of EC average in Kralovice to 54% in the north. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their own homes.

The Kashubian economy is one of the fastest-growing economies in Euclea, achieving a GDP growth of more than 3% consecutively for the last decade. Unemployment, peaking at 19% at the end of 1999, decreased to 4.9% in 2019, lowest recorded rate in Kashubian history.

Foreign investment flow grew more than 600% from 2000 and cumulatively reached an all-time high of $17.3 billion in 2006, or around $22,000 per capita by the end of 2008.

The Kashubian government encourages foreign investment since it is one of the driving forces of the economy. Some regions, mostly in the east of the country, have failed to attract major investment, which has aggravated regional disparities in many economic and social areas.

However, due to the regime change in 2013, foreign investment has dropped to 10.6 billion, or just $9,800 per capita.

20XX Recession and recovery

In the second decade of the 21st century, the Kashubian economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s. No bailout from Euclean Community of AESA members came, and neighboring nations capitilized on the instability to seize disputed territory. At the time of the recession, the economy had contracted by 12.7% in the second quarter of 2013 and 16.4% in total, though much of this is attributed to territory lost in the XXX War.

The bailout, which came after President Vaclav Cernik's ascension to power, required Kashubia to cede natural gas drilling rights in Lake Min in exchange for funding support of €108,000,000,000. In May 2015, the country exited the bailout and reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its economic reformist momentum.

Energy

The electricity generation sector in Kashubia is largely fossil-fuel based. Many power plants nationwide use Kashubia’s position as a major exporter of coal to their advantage by continuing to use coal as the primary raw material in the production of their energy. The three largest Kashubian coal mining firms extract around 100 million tonnes of coal annually.

Renewable energy production accounts for a smaller proportion of Kashubia’s full energy generation capacity (12%). However, a joint tidal energy project with XXX engineers led to the construction of the world's first artifical tidal lagoon and adjoining turbine complex. Opened in 2012, the Lake Min Tidal Power Complex generates 119 MW of electricity.

Kashubia has around 164,800,000,000 m3 of proven natural gas reserves and around 96,380,000 barrels of proven oil reserves, though most of these lie offshore in Lake Min. Per the bailout agreement with Ravnia, Kashubia ceded the rights to approximately 75,500,000,000 m3 of this in exchange for economic relief. However, the small amounts of fossil fuels naturally occurring in Kashubia are insufficient to satisfy the full energy consumption needs of the population. Consequently the country is a net importer of oil and natural gas.

Culture

The culture of Kashubia is closely connected with its intricate 1,000-year history forms an important constituent in Euclean and Slavic civilization. The Kashubians take great pride their national identity which is often associated with the colours black and gold, and exuded by the expression **černé zlato** ("Blackgolds"). National symbols, chiefly the crowned lion, are often visible on clothing, insignia and emblems. The appreciation of Kashubia’s traditions and cultural heritage is commonly known as Kashubiphilia.

Folk tradition

Folk tradition has rooted strongly in Kashubia and is reflected in literature, music, dance and architecture. The prime example is a Kashubian national motto, **Sila, Svoboda, Solidarita** which is based on a children’s folk story that has been passed down for generations.

The manifestation of Kashubian folklore culture is the **Východná** Folklore Festival. It is the oldest and largest nationwide festival with international participation, which takes place in Vychodna annually. Kashubia is usually represented by many groups but mainly by KĽUK (Kaszuby ľudový umelecký kolektív—Kashubian folk art collective). KĽUK is the largest Kashubian folk art group, trying to preserve the folklore tradition.

Music

The wealth of musical culture lies in the classical music tradition during all historical periods, especially in the Baroque, Classicism, Romantic, modern classical music and in the traditional folk music of the nation. Since the early era of artificial music, Kashubian musicians and composers have been influenced by the folk music of the region.

Kashubian music can be considered to have been a cornerstone in both the Euclean and Slavic spheres, several times co-determined or even determined a newly arriving era in musical art, above all of Classical as well as by original attitudes in Baroque and Romanticism.

A famous music festival, Kashubian Spring, is hosted every year for classical music, a permanent showcase for performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles of the world.

Art

As of 2016, the refurbished National Gallery manages the largest collection of art in the Kashubia. It displays 20th century avant-garde revolutionary art, expressionist, realist and cubist styles. The Gallery also displays Art photography, which has become a new field, especially following the founding of the Second Republic. Though the Gallery is undoubtedly a collection of some of the nation’s finest art, many commentators have expressed concerns over the nationalist undertones that the display portfolios present.

Architecture

History has not been kind to Kashubia’s architectural monuments. Nonetheless, a number of ancient structures have survived: castles, churches, and stately homes, often unique in the regional or Euclean context. Some of them have been painstakingly restored, like XXX Castle, or completely reconstructed, including the Old Town and Royal Castle of XXX and the Old Town of XXX.

Public holidays

There are 13 government-approved annual public holidays – New Years Day on 1 January, Nation (Kashubia) Day on 29 January, Easter on the first Sunday and Monday of April, Labor Day on 1 May, Rememberance Day on 5 July, Chrristmastide on 25 and 26 December.

Particular traditions and superstitious customs observed in Poland are not found elsewhere in Europe. Though Christmas Eve is not a public holiday, it remains the most memorable day in the entire year. An empty plate and seat are symbolically left at the table for an unexpected guest. On occasion, carolers parade around smaller towns until the Lent period.

Rememberance Day is the most solemn non-religious holiday in Kashubia. Signed into law by President Valcav Cernik, it is observed annually on the day of Kashubian capitulation against Tengaria and XXX in the 2013 War, which coincided with the Soravian capture of the capitol during the Great War (Kylaris). The holiday calls for civilians to dress in mourning, flags to be flown upside down (the signal for distress), and is accompanied by a veteran’s march through urban streets.

A widely-popular kolache and sweet pastry feast occurs on Easter. The week following Easter is celebrated with pagan festivities, where the youth engage in water fights and some girls are gently spanked by colleagues with pussy willows to stimulate fertility.

Cemeteries and graves of the deceased are annually visited by family members on All Saints' Day; tombstones are cleaned as a sign of respect and candles are lit to honour the dead on an unprecedented scale.