2016 Etrurian federal election: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name      = 2016 Etrurian general election
| election_name      = 2016 Etrurian federal election
| country            = Etruria
| country            = Etruria
| type              = parliamentary
| type              = parliamentary
| ongoing            = no
| ongoing            = no
| previous_election  = 2013 Etrurian general election
| previous_election  = 2013 Etrurian federal election
| previous_year      = 2013
| previous_year      = 2013
| next_election      = 2018 Etrurian general election
| next_election      = 2018 Etrurian federal election
| next_year          = 2018
| next_year          = 2018
| registered        =  
| registered        =  
| seats_for_election = All 680 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|Chamber of Representatives]]<br>and All 290 seats in the [[State Council of Etruria|State Council]]
| seats_for_election = All 690 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|Chamber of Representatives]]<br>and All 290 seats in the [[State Council of Etruria|State Council]]
| opinion_polls      =  
| opinion_polls      =  
| turnout            = 34,730,414 (78.40%)
| turnout            = ‭83.09‬% ({{increase}} ‭7.68‬{{wp|percentage point|pp}})
| election_date      = 10 August 2016
| election_date      = 10 August 2016


Line 21: Line 21:
| party1        = [[Tribune Movement]]
| party1        = [[Tribune Movement]]
| color1        = 961C1C
| color1        = 961C1C
| last_election1 = 14 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 10 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| last_election1 = 45 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 19 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed1  = 327
| seats_needed1  = 296 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 134 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats1        = '''387''' [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / '''166''' [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats1        = '''317''' [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / '''115''' [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change1  = {{increase}}373 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}156 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change1  = {{increase}}272 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}106 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote1  = '''14,833,359'''
| popular_vote1  = '''15,720,623‬'''
| percentage1    = '''42.71%'''
| percentage1    = '''41.6‬0%'''
| swing1        =  
| swing1        =  


Line 36: Line 36:
| party2        = [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| party2        = [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| color2        = f25c19
| color2        = f25c19
| last_election2 = 22 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 12 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| last_election2 = 45 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 19 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed2  = 319 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 134 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed2  = 296 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 127 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats2        = 110 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 62 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats2        = 179 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 80 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change2  = {{increase}}88 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}50 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change2  = {{increase}}134 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}61 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote2  = 7,946,318
| popular_vote2  = ‭8,773,653‬
| percentage2    = 22.88%
| percentage2    = 23.70%
| swing2        =  
| swing2        =  


<!-- PAL-->
<!-- PAL-->
| image3         = [[File:TihomirOreskovic.jpg|160x160px]]
| image4         = [[File:TihomirOreskovic.jpg|160x160px]]
| leader3       = [[Milan Vučković]]
| leader4       = [[Milan Vučković]]
| leader_since3 = 10 July 2015
| leader_since4 = 10 July 2015
| leaders_seat3 = Kaštela-Kvor
| leaders_seat4 = Kaštela-Kvor
| party3         = [[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| party4         = [[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| color3         = E2C63B
| color4         = 03386a
| last_election3 = 48 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 80 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| last_election4 = 61 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 26 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed3   = 293 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 210 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed4   = 280 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 120 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats3         = 53 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 15 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats4         = 64 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 24 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change3   = {{increase}}5 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}} 65 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change4   = {{increase}}3 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}} 2 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote3 = 4,292,679
| popular_vote4 = ‭3,232,636
| percentage3   = 12.36%
| percentage4   = 8.73%
| swing3        = 
| swing4         =   
 
<!-- Verdi-->
| image6        = [[File:Pier_Ferdinando_Casini_2016.jpg|160x160px]]
| leader6        = [[Fernando De Micheli]]
| leader_since6  = 1 April 2010
| party6        = [[Etrurian Greens]]
| color6        = 127a12
| last_election6  = 4 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 0 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed6  = 337 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 146 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats6        = 18 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 11 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change6  = {{increase}}14 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}11 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote6  = 1,618,437
| percentage6    = 4.66%
| swing6         =   


<!--PFE-->
<!--PFE-->
| image4         = [[File:Enrico_Letta_2013.jpg|160x160px]]
| image3         = [[File:Enrico_Letta_2013.jpg|160x160px]]
| leader4       = [[Andrea Reali]]
| leader3       = [[Andrea Salvini]]
| leader_since4 = 7 July 2016  
| leader_since34 = 7 July 2016  
| leaders_seat4 = [[Piscara-Nord]]
| leaders_seat3 = [[Piscara-Nord]]
| party4         = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| party3         = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| color4         = 2e4994
| color3         = 0087dc
| last_election4 = 366 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 153 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| last_election3 = 297 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 127 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed4   =
| seats_needed3   =
| seats4         = 62 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 23 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats3         = 86 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 35 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change4   = {{decrease}}304 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}130 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change3   = {{decrease}}211 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}92 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote4 = 3,945,375
| popular_vote3 = ‭4,364,111‬
| percentage4   = 11.36%
| percentage3   = 11.79%
| swing5         =  
| swing3         =  


<!--PSE-->
<!--PSE-->
Line 94: Line 80:
| leaders_seat5  = [[San Gennaro su Hermes]]
| leaders_seat5  = [[San Gennaro su Hermes]]
| party5        = [[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| party5        = [[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| color5        = dc0000
| color5        = d6418c
| last_election5  = 226 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 35 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| last_election5  = 232 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 99 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed5  =
| seats_needed5  =
| seats5        = 50 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 13 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats5        = 40 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 17 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change5  = {{decrease}}176 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}22 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change5  = {{decrease}}192 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}82 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote5  = 2,094,243
| popular_vote5  = ‭2,051,359
| percentage5    = 6.03%
| percentage5    = 5.54%
| swing5        =  
| swing5        =  
<!--ESWI-->
| image6        = [[File:Emma_Bonino_datisenato_2018.jpg|160x160px]]
| leader6        = [[Elena Paparizou]]
| leader_since6  = 8 July 2016
| leaders_seat6  = [[San Girolamo su Zeus]]
| party6        = [[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| color6        = ff0000
| last_election6  = 4 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 0 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seats_needed6  =
| seats6        = 4 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 0 [[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| seat_change6  = {{nochange}} 0 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{nochange}}0[[State Council of Etruria|S]]
| popular_vote6  = ‭1,893,277
| percentage6    = 5.01%
| swing6        =


| map =
| map_upright =
| map_alt =
| map_image = ElectoralMap2016.png
| map_size = 365px
| map_caption = A map presenting the results of the election, by party of the MP elected from each constituency.


<!-- Result -->
<!-- Result -->
| title          = [[President of Etruria|President]]
| title          = [[President of Etruria|President]]
| before_election = [[Andrea Reali]]
| before_election = [[Andrea Salvini]]
| before_party    = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| before_party    = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| after_election  = [[Francesco Carcaterra]]
| after_election  = [[Francesco Carcaterra]]
Line 112: Line 118:
}}
}}


'''General elections''' were held in the [[Etruria|United Transestrurian Federation]] for both houses of the [[Senate of Etruria|Senate of the Federation]] on the 10 August 2016. All 680 and 290 members of the Chamber of Representatives and State Council respectively, were elected under a single non-transferable vote system in multi-member electoral districts.  
'''Federal elections''' were held in the [[Etruria|United Etrurian Federation]] for both houses of the [[Senate of Etruria|Senate of the Federation]] on the 10 August 2016. All 680 and 290 members of the Chamber of Representatives and State Council respectively, were elected under a single non-transferable vote system in multi-member electoral districts.  
 
The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent [[Etrurian Federalist Party]], under President [[Andrea Salvini]] and the [[Etrurian Socialist Party]], under [[Matteo Fernandio Paruta]] suffer their worst defeats in history. The [[Tribune Movement]] under [[Francesco Carcaterra]] won a landslide victory, securing a majority in both houses of the Senate, while the [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] under [[Gianluca Tozzo]] made strong gains. The [[Workers and Farmers Union]], under [[Milan Vučković]] and the [[Etrurian Greens]] under [[Fernando De Micheli]] making some gains.
 
Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable contigent in both houses of the federal legislature, however, the Tribune Movement fell short of a majority and entered into a coalition government with the [[Farmers and Workers Union]]. The coalition agreement had been made a week prior to polling day due to shared analysis of polls. The result also marked the first time a {{wp|far-right}} {{wp|populism|populist}} political party had been elected into government since the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic|functionalist era]].
 
== Electoral process ==
 
== Background ==
 
At the [[2013 Etrurian federal election|last election]], the [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] was returned to power with slight losses to the [[Citizens' Alliance]] and [[Tribune Movement]] in wake of President [[Emiliano Reali]]'s declaration that Etruria would hold a referendum on membership of the [[Euclean Community]] back in 2012. The [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] also lost seats to the [[Tribune Movement]], indicating a long-held belief of declining support for the established parties.
 
The failure of the Reali government to hold the referendum swiftly after the election further compounded the decline in support, with many noting the pacing had given extra oxygen and space to those opposing the referendum. Between 2013 and 2016, the Reali administration was hit by a series of minor corruption and personal scandals, which further damaged support.
 
When the [[Etruria Euclean Community membership referendum, 2016|EC membership referendum]] which took place between June and July 2016, the poor organisation and bitter infighting within the pro-EC camp (led jointly by the Federalist and Socialist parties) and major corruption scandals consuming the Reali government, ultimately played a key role in the No-campaign's (led by the Tribune Movement) dramatic victory on July 6, when 55.34% of voters rejected membership. President Reali resigned on July 7, being succeeded by Vice President Andrea Salvini.
 
The defeat of EC membership also caused resignations in the Socialist Party and the collapse in support for both parties, while the victorious Tribune Movement, absorbed numerous right-wing and far-right minor parties and demanded a general election. Under immense pressure and growing unpopularity, President Salvini announced a snap election would be held on August 10. Throughout the campaign, Salvini's government was rocked by sudden resignations and arrests over the sprawling [[Meraviglia Scandal]], while support for the Tribune Movement and progressive Citizens' Alliance was growing.
 
== Timetable ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 50px;" |15 July ||President [[Andrea Salvini]] announced his intention to dissolve the Senate and hold an election for the 10 August.
|-
|16 July||Speaker of the Chamber of Representatives [[Pierluigi Grasso]] and Speaker of the State Council [[Mlatko Stepanovic]] accepts the President's request.
|-
| 19 July ||Formal dissolution of the Senate; start of campaign period.
|-
| 30 July || Last day members of the public could register to vote.
|-
| 31 July || Last day in which members of the public could apply for proxy voting or postal voting.
|-
| 1 August || Last day for candidates to file nomination papers. Last day in which overseas voters can register to vote.
|-
| 10 August || '''Polling day'''
|-
| 15 August || New Senate assembled
|}
 
==Parties==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:left
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Ideology
!Political position
!Leader
!2015 result (Chamber)
!2015 result (State Council)
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" |
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]]
| {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}
| [[Andrea Salvini]]
| {{Composition bar|297|680|hex=#0087dc}}
| {{Composition bar|153|290|hex=#0087dc}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" |
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]]
| {{Wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}}
| [[Matteo Fernandino Paruta]]
| {{Composition bar|232|680|hex=#d6418c}}
| {{Composition bar|35|290|hex=#d6418c}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" |
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}, {{wp|social conservatism}}, [[Euclean Community|soft eucloskepticism]]
| {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}}
| [[Milan Vučković]]
| {{Composition bar|61|680|hex=#03386a}}
| {{Composition bar|52|290|hex=#03386a}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" |
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]]
| {{Wp|Centre politics|Centre}}
| [[Gianluca Tozzo]]
| {{Composition bar|45|680|hex=#f25c19}}
| {{Composition bar|11|290|hex=#f25c19}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" |
| [[Tribune Movement]]
| {{wp|Right-wing populism}}, [[Etrurian nationalism]], [[Euclean Community|eucloskepticism]]
| {{Wp|far-right politics|Far-right}}
| [[Francesco Carcaterra]]
| {{Composition bar|45|680|hex=#961C1C}}
| {{Composition bar|11|290|hex=#961C1C}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" |
| [[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}, {{wp|Council socialism}}
| {{Wp|far-left politics|Far-left}}
| [[Elena Paparizou]]
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}}
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#ff0000}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" |
| [[Etrurian Greens]]
| {{wp|Eco-socialism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]]
| {{Wp|Left-wing politics|Left}}
| [[Fernando De Micheli]]
| {{Composition bar|0|680|hex=#127a12}}
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#127a12}}
|-
|}
 
== Campaign ==
 
'''Citizens' Alliance'''
 
'''Etrurian Federalist Party'''
 
'''Etrurian Greens'''
 
'''Etrurian Socialist Party'''
 
'''Farmers and Workers Union'''
 
'''Tribune Movement'''
[[File:CarcaterraSupporters.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Tribune leader, [[Francesco Carcaterra]] with supporters in [[Vicalvi]].]]
The Tribune Movement's campaign was fundamentally built upon the momentum it gained by leading the No-campaign to victory in the EC referendum. The party had produced a post-referendum electoral plan, both in defeat and victory. The “victory manifesto”, was championed as the “plan for rejuvenation” and sought to capitalise on the anti-EC and patriotic sentiment established during the campaign. The Tribunes also heightened their populist and anti-elite position by advocating vast reforms to the electoral system, judiciary, senate and powers of the executive. However, they would quickly focus on the corruption scandals engulfing both major parties and vowed to be the “party of justice and honesty.”
 
When the campaign began, the Tribunes were reportedly in the lead in all polls and saw gains with each drive on anti-corruption and anti-elitism. Throughout the campaign, senior Tribunes worked hard to establish a link between corruption and political centrism, attacking the Citizens’ Alliance as “equally centrist and equally criminal.”
 
The Tribunes presented a manifesto that promised to:
 
* Empower the people through democratic reforms, including the introduction of power of recall, local and state level referendums and the institutionalising of the Tribune Movement’s “Policy Forums.”
* “Fight the Hydra”, by launching the most powerful and audacious operation against corruption and organised crime, by utilising every tool of state.
* To expand healthcare access to the poorest citizens by introducing federally subsidised health insurance.
* To “restore national pride” through federal-backed festivities, patriotic events and “proper education of children.”
* To “restore morality and virtues of Etruria” to the people, through reformed education, renewed focus on family values and combatting secularism.
* To introduce a living wage and to fight the gig-economy in the most developed cities.
* To honour the referendum by “finally ending the elitist drive for national subordination to foreigners in Kesselbourg.”
 
Many commentators at the time noted that the Tribune’s campaign was well-run and organised, relying mostly on a vibrant and active grassroots movement. Unlike the other parties that centred much of their media efforts on the party leader, the Tribunes presented senior figures to the campaign trail, such as [[Gianfranco Galizia]], [[Vittoria Vasari]], [[Ettore Mantovano]], [[Vitkor Robar]] and [[Tullio Quagliariello]] as much as leader [[Francesco Carcaterra]].
 
The Tribunes also made the most extensive use of social media and mass rallies, developing an app for smartphones that alerted supporters to spontaneous meetings or electoral rallies. The Tribunes held the largest rally of an estimated 50,000 people near Poveglia.
 
=== Controversies ===
 
== Opinion polls ==
=== Exit poll ===
 
Since the 2004 general election, Etruria's federal elections have only permitted one exit poll to be broadcast to voters when polls officially close at 22.00pm. This exit poll is a calculated average of all exit polls produced by broadcasters, pollsters and newspapers and distributed to media outlets by the Federal Electoral Office.
 
The 2016 poll entered controversy after falling far-short of the actual Tribune victory, in that it predicted a hung-parliament.
==== Chamber of Representatives ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" |Parties
! style="vertical-align:top;" |Seats
! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" |
|[[Tribune Movement]]
| style="text-align:right;" |302
| align=right| {{increase}} 257
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" |
|[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| style="text-align:right;" |135
| align=right| {{increase}} 90
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" |
|[[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| style="text-align:right;" |100
| align=right| {{decrease}} 197
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" |
|[[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| style="text-align:right;" |62
| align=right| {{increase}} 1
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" |
|[[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align:right;" |29
| align=right| {{decrease}} 174
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" |
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| style="text-align:right;" |4
| align=right| {{steady}} 0
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" |
|[[Etrurian Greens]]
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| align=right| {{steady}} 0
|}
 
==== State Council ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" |Parties
! style="vertical-align:top;" |Seats
! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" |
|[[Tribune Movement]]
| style="text-align:right;" |100
| align=right| {{increase}} 109
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" |
|[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| style="text-align:right;" |60
| align=right| {{increase}} 91
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" |
|[[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| style="text-align:right;" |41
| align=right| {{decrease}} 112
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" |
|[[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| style="text-align:right;" |54
| align=right| {{increase}} 2
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" |
|[[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align:right;" |15
| align=right| {{decrease}} 20
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" |
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| align=right| {{steady}} 0
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" |
|[[Etrurian Greens]]
| style="text-align:right;" |0
| align=right| {{steady}} 0
|}


The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent [[Etrurian Federalist Party]], under President [[Andrea Reali]] and the [[Etrurian Socialist Party]], under [[Matteo Fernandio Paruta]] suffer their worst defeats in history. The [[Tribune Movement]] under [[Francesco Carcaterra]] won a landslide victory, securing a majority in both houses of the Senate, while the [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] under [[Gianluca Tozzo]] made strong gains. The [[Workers and Farmers Union]], under [[Milan Vučković]] and the [[Etrurian Greens]] under [[Fernando De Micheli]] making some gains.
== Results ==
=== Chamber of Representatives ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|colspan=6|[[File:2016CameraEt.png|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!2016 result
!+/-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" |
| [[Tribune Movement]]
| 15,720,623‬
| ‭41.6‬0%
| {{Composition bar|317|680|hex=#961C1C}}
| {{increase}} 272
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" |
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| 8,773,653‬
| 23.70%
| {{Composition bar|173|680|hex=#f25c19}}
| {{increase}} 128
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" |
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| 4,364,111‬
| 11.79%
| {{Composition bar|86|680|hex=#0087dc}}
| {{decrease}} 211
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" |
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| 3,232,636
| 12.36%
| {{Composition bar|64|680|hex=#03386a}}
| {{increase}} 2
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" |
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| 2,051,359
| 5.54%
| {{Composition bar|40|680|hex=#d6418c}}
| {{decrease}} 192
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" |
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| 1,893,277
| 5.01%
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}}
| {{steady}} 4
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" |
| [[Etrurian Greens]]
| 999,771
| 2.70% <small>(below threshold)</small>
| {{Composition bar|0|680|hex=#127a12}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
|}


Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable majority in both houses of the federal legislature. The result also marked the first time a {{wp|far-right}} {{wp|populism|populist}} political party had been elected into government since the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic|functionalist era]].
=== State Council ===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|colspan=6|[[File:2016ConsiglioEt.png|center|300px]]
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!2016 result
!+/-
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" |
| [[Tribune Movement]]
| 13,926,896
| 39.73%
| {{Composition bar|134|290|hex=#961C1C}}
| {{increase}} 106
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" |
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]]
| 9,547,390
| 27.49%
| {{Composition bar|80|290|hex=#f25c19}}
| {{increase}} 61
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" |
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]]
| 4,716,390
| 13.58%
| {{Composition bar|35|290|hex=#0087dc}}
| {{decrease}} 92
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" |
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]]
| 2,893,043
| 8.33%
| {{Composition bar|24|290|hex=#03386a}}
| {{decrease}} 2
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" |
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]]
| 2,045,621
| 5.89%
| {{Composition bar|17|290|hex=#d6418c}}
| {{decrease}} 82
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" |
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]]
| 1,893,277
| 5.01%
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}}
| {{steady}} 4
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" |
| [[Etrurian Greens]]
| 1,601,072
| 4.61%
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#127a12}}
| {{steady}} 0
|-
|}
{{Etruria elections}}
[[Category:Etruria]]

Latest revision as of 11:32, 25 April 2022

2016 Etrurian federal election

← 2013 10 August 2016 2018 →

All 690 seats in the Chamber of Representatives
and All 290 seats in the State Council
Turnout‭83.09‬% (Increase ‭7.68‬pp)
  First party Second party Third party
  Giuseppe Conte Official.jpg Nicola Zingaretti 2012 crop.jpg Enrico Letta 2013.jpg
Leader Francesco Carcaterra Gianluca Tozzo Andrea Salvini
Party Tribune Movement Citizens' Alliance Etrurian Federalist Party
Leader since 13 March 2012 1 August 2011
Leader's seat San Pietro della Abbadia Lariana (C) San Alessandro III (C) Piscara-Nord
Last election 45 seats C / 19 S 45 seats C / 19 S 297 C / 127 S
Seats won 317 C / 115 S 179 C / 80 S 86 C / 35 S
Seat change Increase272 C / Increase106 S Increase134 C / Increase61 S Decrease211 C / Decrease92 S
Popular vote 15,720,623‬ ‭8,773,653‬ ‭4,364,111‬
Percentage 41.6‬0% 23.70% 11.79%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  TihomirOreskovic.jpg Maurizio Martina 2017 crop.jpg Emma Bonino datisenato 2018.jpg
Leader Milan Vučković Matteo Fernandino Paruta Elena Paparizou
Party Farmers and Workers Union Etrurian Socialist Party Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale
Leader since 10 July 2015 8 July 2016 8 July 2016
Leader's seat Kaštela-Kvor San Gennaro su Hermes San Girolamo su Zeus
Last election 61 C / 26 S 232 C / 99 S 4 C / 0 S
Seats won 64 C / 24 S 40 C / 17 S 4 C / 0 S
Seat change Increase3 C / Decrease 2 S Decrease192 C / Decrease82 S Steady 0 C / Steady0S
Popular vote ‭3,232,636 ‭2,051,359 ‭1,893,277
Percentage 8.73% 5.54% 5.01%

ElectoralMap2016.png
A map presenting the results of the election, by party of the MP elected from each constituency.

President before election

Andrea Salvini
Etrurian Federalist Party

Elected President

Francesco Carcaterra
Tribune Movement

Federal elections were held in the United Etrurian Federation for both houses of the Senate of the Federation on the 10 August 2016. All 680 and 290 members of the Chamber of Representatives and State Council respectively, were elected under a single non-transferable vote system in multi-member electoral districts.

The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent Etrurian Federalist Party, under President Andrea Salvini and the Etrurian Socialist Party, under Matteo Fernandio Paruta suffer their worst defeats in history. The Tribune Movement under Francesco Carcaterra won a landslide victory, securing a majority in both houses of the Senate, while the Citizens' Alliance under Gianluca Tozzo made strong gains. The Workers and Farmers Union, under Milan Vučković and the Etrurian Greens under Fernando De Micheli making some gains.

Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable contigent in both houses of the federal legislature, however, the Tribune Movement fell short of a majority and entered into a coalition government with the Farmers and Workers Union. The coalition agreement had been made a week prior to polling day due to shared analysis of polls. The result also marked the first time a far-right populist political party had been elected into government since the functionalist era.

Electoral process

Background

At the last election, the Etrurian Federalist Party was returned to power with slight losses to the Citizens' Alliance and Tribune Movement in wake of President Emiliano Reali's declaration that Etruria would hold a referendum on membership of the Euclean Community back in 2012. The Etrurian Socialist Party also lost seats to the Tribune Movement, indicating a long-held belief of declining support for the established parties.

The failure of the Reali government to hold the referendum swiftly after the election further compounded the decline in support, with many noting the pacing had given extra oxygen and space to those opposing the referendum. Between 2013 and 2016, the Reali administration was hit by a series of minor corruption and personal scandals, which further damaged support.

When the EC membership referendum which took place between June and July 2016, the poor organisation and bitter infighting within the pro-EC camp (led jointly by the Federalist and Socialist parties) and major corruption scandals consuming the Reali government, ultimately played a key role in the No-campaign's (led by the Tribune Movement) dramatic victory on July 6, when 55.34% of voters rejected membership. President Reali resigned on July 7, being succeeded by Vice President Andrea Salvini.

The defeat of EC membership also caused resignations in the Socialist Party and the collapse in support for both parties, while the victorious Tribune Movement, absorbed numerous right-wing and far-right minor parties and demanded a general election. Under immense pressure and growing unpopularity, President Salvini announced a snap election would be held on August 10. Throughout the campaign, Salvini's government was rocked by sudden resignations and arrests over the sprawling Meraviglia Scandal, while support for the Tribune Movement and progressive Citizens' Alliance was growing.

Timetable

15 July President Andrea Salvini announced his intention to dissolve the Senate and hold an election for the 10 August.
16 July Speaker of the Chamber of Representatives Pierluigi Grasso and Speaker of the State Council Mlatko Stepanovic accepts the President's request.
19 July Formal dissolution of the Senate; start of campaign period.
30 July Last day members of the public could register to vote.
31 July Last day in which members of the public could apply for proxy voting or postal voting.
1 August Last day for candidates to file nomination papers. Last day in which overseas voters can register to vote.
10 August Polling day
15 August New Senate assembled

Parties

Party Ideology Political position Leader 2015 result (Chamber) 2015 result (State Council)
Etrurian Federalist Party Liberal conservatism, pro-eucleanism Centre-right Andrea Salvini
297 / 680
153 / 290
Etrurian Socialist Party Social democracy, pro-eucleanism Centre-left Matteo Fernandino Paruta
232 / 680
35 / 290
Farmers and Workers Union Agrarianism, social conservatism, soft eucloskepticism Centre-right Milan Vučković
61 / 680
52 / 290
Citizens' Alliance Liberalism, pro-eucleanism Centre Gianluca Tozzo
45 / 680
11 / 290
Tribune Movement Right-wing populism, Etrurian nationalism, eucloskepticism Far-right Francesco Carcaterra
45 / 680
11 / 290
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale Democratic socialism, Evolutionary socialism, Council socialism Far-left Elena Paparizou
4 / 680
0 / 290
Etrurian Greens Eco-socialism, pro-eucleanism Left Fernando De Micheli
0 / 680
0 / 290

Campaign

Citizens' Alliance

Etrurian Federalist Party

Etrurian Greens

Etrurian Socialist Party

Farmers and Workers Union

Tribune Movement

Tribune leader, Francesco Carcaterra with supporters in Vicalvi.

The Tribune Movement's campaign was fundamentally built upon the momentum it gained by leading the No-campaign to victory in the EC referendum. The party had produced a post-referendum electoral plan, both in defeat and victory. The “victory manifesto”, was championed as the “plan for rejuvenation” and sought to capitalise on the anti-EC and patriotic sentiment established during the campaign. The Tribunes also heightened their populist and anti-elite position by advocating vast reforms to the electoral system, judiciary, senate and powers of the executive. However, they would quickly focus on the corruption scandals engulfing both major parties and vowed to be the “party of justice and honesty.”

When the campaign began, the Tribunes were reportedly in the lead in all polls and saw gains with each drive on anti-corruption and anti-elitism. Throughout the campaign, senior Tribunes worked hard to establish a link between corruption and political centrism, attacking the Citizens’ Alliance as “equally centrist and equally criminal.”

The Tribunes presented a manifesto that promised to:

  • Empower the people through democratic reforms, including the introduction of power of recall, local and state level referendums and the institutionalising of the Tribune Movement’s “Policy Forums.”
  • “Fight the Hydra”, by launching the most powerful and audacious operation against corruption and organised crime, by utilising every tool of state.
  • To expand healthcare access to the poorest citizens by introducing federally subsidised health insurance.
  • To “restore national pride” through federal-backed festivities, patriotic events and “proper education of children.”
  • To “restore morality and virtues of Etruria” to the people, through reformed education, renewed focus on family values and combatting secularism.
  • To introduce a living wage and to fight the gig-economy in the most developed cities.
  • To honour the referendum by “finally ending the elitist drive for national subordination to foreigners in Kesselbourg.”

Many commentators at the time noted that the Tribune’s campaign was well-run and organised, relying mostly on a vibrant and active grassroots movement. Unlike the other parties that centred much of their media efforts on the party leader, the Tribunes presented senior figures to the campaign trail, such as Gianfranco Galizia, Vittoria Vasari, Ettore Mantovano, Vitkor Robar and Tullio Quagliariello as much as leader Francesco Carcaterra.

The Tribunes also made the most extensive use of social media and mass rallies, developing an app for smartphones that alerted supporters to spontaneous meetings or electoral rallies. The Tribunes held the largest rally of an estimated 50,000 people near Poveglia.

Controversies

Opinion polls

Exit poll

Since the 2004 general election, Etruria's federal elections have only permitted one exit poll to be broadcast to voters when polls officially close at 22.00pm. This exit poll is a calculated average of all exit polls produced by broadcasters, pollsters and newspapers and distributed to media outlets by the Federal Electoral Office.

The 2016 poll entered controversy after falling far-short of the actual Tribune victory, in that it predicted a hung-parliament.

Chamber of Representatives

Parties Seats Change
Tribune Movement 302 Increase 257
Citizens' Alliance 135 Increase 90
Etrurian Federalist Party 100 Decrease 197
Farmers and Workers Union 62 Increase 1
Etrurian Socialist Party 29 Decrease 174
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale 4 Steady 0
Etrurian Greens 0 Steady 0

State Council

Parties Seats Change
Tribune Movement 100 Increase 109
Citizens' Alliance 60 Increase 91
Etrurian Federalist Party 41 Decrease 112
Farmers and Workers Union 54 Increase 2
Etrurian Socialist Party 15 Decrease 20
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale 0 Steady 0
Etrurian Greens 0 Steady 0

Results

Chamber of Representatives

2016CameraEt.png
Party Votes % 2016 result +/-
Tribune Movement 15,720,623‬ ‭41.6‬0%
317 / 680
Increase 272
Citizens' Alliance 8,773,653‬ 23.70%
173 / 680
Increase 128
Etrurian Federalist Party 4,364,111‬ 11.79%
86 / 680
Decrease 211
Farmers and Workers Union 3,232,636 12.36%
64 / 680
Increase 2
Etrurian Socialist Party 2,051,359 5.54%
40 / 680
Decrease 192
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale 1,893,277 5.01%
4 / 680
Steady 4
Etrurian Greens 999,771 2.70% (below threshold)
0 / 680
Steady 0

State Council

2016ConsiglioEt.png
Party Votes % 2016 result +/-
Tribune Movement 13,926,896 39.73%
134 / 290
Increase 106
Citizens' Alliance 9,547,390 27.49%
80 / 290
Increase 61
Etrurian Federalist Party 4,716,390 13.58%
35 / 290
Decrease 92
Farmers and Workers Union 2,893,043 8.33%
24 / 290
Decrease 2
Etrurian Socialist Party 2,045,621 5.89%
17 / 290
Decrease 82
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale 1,893,277 5.01%
4 / 680
Steady 4
Etrurian Greens 1,601,072 4.61%
0 / 290
Steady 0