2016 Etrurian federal election: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox election | {{Infobox election | ||
| election_name = 2016 Etrurian | | election_name = 2016 Etrurian federal election | ||
| country = Etruria | | country = Etruria | ||
| type = parliamentary | | type = parliamentary | ||
| ongoing = no | | ongoing = no | ||
| previous_election = 2013 Etrurian | | previous_election = 2013 Etrurian federal election | ||
| previous_year = 2013 | | previous_year = 2013 | ||
| next_election = 2018 Etrurian | | next_election = 2018 Etrurian federal election | ||
| next_year = 2018 | | next_year = 2018 | ||
| registered = | | registered = | ||
| seats_for_election = All | | seats_for_election = All 690 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|Chamber of Representatives]]<br>and All 290 seats in the [[State Council of Etruria|State Council]] | ||
| opinion_polls = | | opinion_polls = | ||
| turnout = | | turnout = 83.09% ({{increase}} 7.68{{wp|percentage point|pp}}) | ||
| election_date = 10 August 2016 | | election_date = 10 August 2016 | ||
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| party1 = [[Tribune Movement]] | | party1 = [[Tribune Movement]] | ||
| color1 = 961C1C | | color1 = 961C1C | ||
| last_election1 = | | last_election1 = 45 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 19 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seats_needed1 = | | seats_needed1 = 296 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 134 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seats1 = ''' | | seats1 = '''317''' [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / '''115''' [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} | | seat_change1 = {{increase}}272 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}106 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| popular_vote1 = ''' | | popular_vote1 = '''15,720,623''' | ||
| percentage1 = ''' | | percentage1 = '''41.60%''' | ||
| swing1 = | | swing1 = | ||
Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
| party2 = [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | | party2 = [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | ||
| color2 = f25c19 | | color2 = f25c19 | ||
| last_election2 = | | last_election2 = 45 seats [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 19 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seats_needed2 = | | seats_needed2 = 296 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 127 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seats2 = | | seats2 = 179 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 80 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} | | seat_change2 = {{increase}}134 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{increase}}61 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| popular_vote2 = | | popular_vote2 = 8,773,653 | ||
| percentage2 = | | percentage2 = 23.70% | ||
| swing2 = | | swing2 = | ||
<!-- PAL--> | <!-- PAL--> | ||
| | | image4 = [[File:TihomirOreskovic.jpg|160x160px]] | ||
| | | leader4 = [[Milan Vučković]] | ||
| | | leader_since4 = 10 July 2015 | ||
| | | leaders_seat4 = Kaštela-Kvor | ||
| | | party4 = [[Farmers and Workers Union]] | ||
| | | color4 = 03386a | ||
| | | last_election4 = 61 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 26 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | seats_needed4 = 280 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 120 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | seats4 = 64 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 24 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | seat_change4 = {{increase}}3 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}} 2 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | popular_vote4 = 3,232,636 | ||
| | | percentage4 = 8.73% | ||
| | | swing4 = | ||
<!--PFE--> | <!--PFE--> | ||
| | | image3 = [[File:Enrico_Letta_2013.jpg|160x160px]] | ||
| | | leader3 = [[Andrea Salvini]] | ||
| | | leader_since34 = 7 July 2016 | ||
| | | leaders_seat3 = [[Piscara-Nord]] | ||
| | | party3 = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | ||
| | | color3 = 0087dc | ||
| | | last_election3 = 297 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 127 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | seats_needed3 = | ||
| | | seats3 = 86 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 35 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | seat_change3 = {{decrease}}211 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}92 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| | | popular_vote3 = 4,364,111 | ||
| | | percentage3 = 11.79% | ||
| | | swing3 = | ||
<!--PSE--> | <!--PSE--> | ||
Line 94: | Line 80: | ||
| leaders_seat5 = [[San Gennaro su Hermes]] | | leaders_seat5 = [[San Gennaro su Hermes]] | ||
| party5 = [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | | party5 = [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | ||
| color5 = | | color5 = d6418c | ||
| last_election5 = | | last_election5 = 232 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 99 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seats_needed5 = | | seats_needed5 = | ||
| seats5 = | | seats5 = 40 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 17 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} | | seat_change5 = {{decrease}}192 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{decrease}}82 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | ||
| popular_vote5 = | | popular_vote5 = 2,051,359 | ||
| percentage5 = | | percentage5 = 5.54% | ||
| swing5 = | | swing5 = | ||
<!--ESWI--> | |||
| image6 = [[File:Emma_Bonino_datisenato_2018.jpg|160x160px]] | |||
| leader6 = [[Elena Paparizou]] | |||
| leader_since6 = 8 July 2016 | |||
| leaders_seat6 = [[San Girolamo su Zeus]] | |||
| party6 = [[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| color6 = ff0000 | |||
| last_election6 = 4 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 0 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | |||
| seats_needed6 = | |||
| seats6 = 4 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / 0 [[State Council of Etruria|S]] | |||
| seat_change6 = {{nochange}} 0 [[Chamber of Representatives of Etruria|C]] / {{nochange}}0[[State Council of Etruria|S]] | |||
| popular_vote6 = 1,893,277 | |||
| percentage6 = 5.01% | |||
| swing6 = | |||
| map = | |||
| map_upright = | |||
| map_alt = | |||
| map_image = ElectoralMap2016.png | |||
| map_size = 365px | |||
| map_caption = A map presenting the results of the election, by party of the MP elected from each constituency. | |||
<!-- Result --> | <!-- Result --> | ||
| title = [[President of Etruria|President]] | | title = [[President of Etruria|President]] | ||
| before_election = [[Andrea | | before_election = [[Andrea Salvini]] | ||
| before_party = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | | before_party = [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | ||
| after_election = [[Francesco Carcaterra]] | | after_election = [[Francesco Carcaterra]] | ||
Line 112: | Line 118: | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Federal elections''' were held in the [[Etruria|United Etrurian Federation]] for both houses of the [[Senate of Etruria|Senate of the Federation]] on the 10 August 2016. All 680 and 290 members of the Chamber of Representatives and State Council respectively, were elected under a single non-transferable vote system in multi-member electoral districts. | ||
The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent [[Etrurian Federalist Party]], under President [[Andrea | The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent [[Etrurian Federalist Party]], under President [[Andrea Salvini]] and the [[Etrurian Socialist Party]], under [[Matteo Fernandio Paruta]] suffer their worst defeats in history. The [[Tribune Movement]] under [[Francesco Carcaterra]] won a landslide victory, securing a majority in both houses of the Senate, while the [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] under [[Gianluca Tozzo]] made strong gains. The [[Workers and Farmers Union]], under [[Milan Vučković]] and the [[Etrurian Greens]] under [[Fernando De Micheli]] making some gains. | ||
Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable | Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable contigent in both houses of the federal legislature, however, the Tribune Movement fell short of a majority and entered into a coalition government with the [[Farmers and Workers Union]]. The coalition agreement had been made a week prior to polling day due to shared analysis of polls. The result also marked the first time a {{wp|far-right}} {{wp|populism|populist}} political party had been elected into government since the [[Etrurian Revolutionary Republic|functionalist era]]. | ||
== Electoral process == | == Electoral process == | ||
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== Background == | == Background == | ||
At the [[2013 Etrurian | At the [[2013 Etrurian federal election|last election]], the [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] was returned to power with slight losses to the [[Citizens' Alliance]] and [[Tribune Movement]] in wake of President [[Emiliano Reali]]'s declaration that Etruria would hold a referendum on membership of the [[Euclean Community]] back in 2012. The [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] also lost seats to the [[Tribune Movement]], indicating a long-held belief of declining support for the established parties. | ||
The failure of the Reali government to hold the referendum swiftly after the election further compounded the decline in support, with many noting the pacing had given extra oxygen and space to those opposing the referendum. Between 2013 and 2016, the Reali administration was hit by a series of minor corruption and personal scandals, which further damaged support. | The failure of the Reali government to hold the referendum swiftly after the election further compounded the decline in support, with many noting the pacing had given extra oxygen and space to those opposing the referendum. Between 2013 and 2016, the Reali administration was hit by a series of minor corruption and personal scandals, which further damaged support. | ||
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!2015 result (State Council) | !2015 result (State Council) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" | | ||
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | | [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | ||
| {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | | {{wp|Liberal conservatism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | ||
| {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}} | | {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}} | ||
| [[Andrea Salvini]] | | [[Andrea Salvini]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|297|680|hex=#0087dc}} | ||
| {{Composition bar|153|290|hex=# | | {{Composition bar|153|290|hex=#0087dc}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" | | ||
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | | [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | ||
| {{wp|Social democracy}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | | {{wp|Social democracy}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | ||
| {{Wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} | | {{Wp|Centre-left politics|Centre-left}} | ||
| [[Matteo Fernandino Paruta]] | | [[Matteo Fernandino Paruta]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|232|680|hex=#d6418c}} | ||
| {{Composition bar|35|290|hex=# | | {{Composition bar|35|290|hex=#d6418c}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" | | ||
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]] | | [[Farmers and Workers Union]] | ||
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}, [[Euclean Community|soft eucloskepticism]] | | {{wp|Agrarianism}}, {{wp|social conservatism}}, [[Euclean Community|soft eucloskepticism]] | ||
| {{Wp|Centre- | | {{Wp|Centre-right politics|Centre-right}} | ||
| [[Milan Vučković]] | | [[Milan Vučković]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|61|680|hex=#03386a}} | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|52|290|hex=#03386a}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" | | ||
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | | [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | ||
| {{wp|Liberalism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | | {{wp|Liberalism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | ||
| {{Wp|Centre politics|Centre}} | | {{Wp|Centre politics|Centre}} | ||
| [[Gianluca Tozzo]] | | [[Gianluca Tozzo]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|45|680|hex=#f25c19}} | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|11|290|hex=#f25c19}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" | | ||
| [[Tribune Movement]] | | [[Tribune Movement]] | ||
| {{wp|Right-wing populism}}, [[Etrurian nationalism]], [[Euclean Community|eucloskepticism]] | | {{wp|Right-wing populism}}, [[Etrurian nationalism]], [[Euclean Community|eucloskepticism]] | ||
| {{Wp|far-right politics|Far-right}} | | {{Wp|far-right politics|Far-right}} | ||
| [[Francesco Carcaterra]] | | [[Francesco Carcaterra]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|45|680|hex=#961C1C}} | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|11|290|hex=#961C1C}} | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| {{wp|Democratic socialism}}, {{wp|Evolutionary socialism}}, {{wp|Council socialism}} | |||
| {{Wp|far-left politics|Far-left}} | |||
| [[Elena Paparizou]] | |||
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}} | |||
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#ff0000}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" | | ||
| [[Etrurian Greens]] | | [[Etrurian Greens]] | ||
| {{wp|Eco-socialism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | | {{wp|Eco-socialism}}, [[Euclean Community|pro-eucleanism]] | ||
| {{Wp|Left-wing politics|Left}} | | {{Wp|Left-wing politics|Left}} | ||
| [[Fernando De Micheli]] | | [[Fernando De Micheli]] | ||
| {{Composition bar| | | {{Composition bar|0|680|hex=#127a12}} | ||
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#127a12}} | | {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#127a12}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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== Campaign == | == Campaign == | ||
'''Citizens' Alliance''' | |||
'''Etrurian Federalist Party''' | |||
'''Etrurian Greens''' | |||
'''Etrurian Socialist Party''' | |||
'''Farmers and Workers Union''' | |||
'''Tribune Movement''' | |||
[[File:CarcaterraSupporters.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Tribune leader, [[Francesco Carcaterra]] with supporters in [[Vicalvi]].]] | |||
The Tribune Movement's campaign was fundamentally built upon the momentum it gained by leading the No-campaign to victory in the EC referendum. The party had produced a post-referendum electoral plan, both in defeat and victory. The “victory manifesto”, was championed as the “plan for rejuvenation” and sought to capitalise on the anti-EC and patriotic sentiment established during the campaign. The Tribunes also heightened their populist and anti-elite position by advocating vast reforms to the electoral system, judiciary, senate and powers of the executive. However, they would quickly focus on the corruption scandals engulfing both major parties and vowed to be the “party of justice and honesty.” | |||
When the campaign began, the Tribunes were reportedly in the lead in all polls and saw gains with each drive on anti-corruption and anti-elitism. Throughout the campaign, senior Tribunes worked hard to establish a link between corruption and political centrism, attacking the Citizens’ Alliance as “equally centrist and equally criminal.” | |||
The Tribunes presented a manifesto that promised to: | |||
* Empower the people through democratic reforms, including the introduction of power of recall, local and state level referendums and the institutionalising of the Tribune Movement’s “Policy Forums.” | |||
* “Fight the Hydra”, by launching the most powerful and audacious operation against corruption and organised crime, by utilising every tool of state. | |||
* To expand healthcare access to the poorest citizens by introducing federally subsidised health insurance. | |||
* To “restore national pride” through federal-backed festivities, patriotic events and “proper education of children.” | |||
* To “restore morality and virtues of Etruria” to the people, through reformed education, renewed focus on family values and combatting secularism. | |||
* To introduce a living wage and to fight the gig-economy in the most developed cities. | |||
* To honour the referendum by “finally ending the elitist drive for national subordination to foreigners in Kesselbourg.” | |||
Many commentators at the time noted that the Tribune’s campaign was well-run and organised, relying mostly on a vibrant and active grassroots movement. Unlike the other parties that centred much of their media efforts on the party leader, the Tribunes presented senior figures to the campaign trail, such as [[Gianfranco Galizia]], [[Vittoria Vasari]], [[Ettore Mantovano]], [[Vitkor Robar]] and [[Tullio Quagliariello]] as much as leader [[Francesco Carcaterra]]. | |||
The Tribunes also made the most extensive use of social media and mass rallies, developing an app for smartphones that alerted supporters to spontaneous meetings or electoral rallies. The Tribunes held the largest rally of an estimated 50,000 people near Poveglia. | |||
=== Controversies === | |||
== Opinion polls == | == Opinion polls == | ||
=== Exit poll === | === Exit poll === | ||
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! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change | ! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" | | ||
|[[Tribune Movement]] | |[[Tribune Movement]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |302 | ||
| align=right| {{increase}} | | align=right| {{increase}} 257 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" | | ||
|[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | |[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |135 | ||
| align=right| {{increase}} | | align=right| {{increase}} 90 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | |[[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" |100 | | style="text-align:right;" |100 | ||
| align=right| {{decrease}} | | align=right| {{decrease}} 197 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" | | ||
|[[Farmers and Workers Union]] | |[[Farmers and Workers Union]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |62 | ||
| align=right| {{increase}} | | align=right| {{increase}} 1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | |[[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |29 | ||
| align=right| {{decrease}} 174 | | align=right| {{decrease}} 174 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| style="text-align:right;" |4 | |||
| align=right| {{steady}} 0 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" | | |||
|[[Etrurian Greens]] | |[[Etrurian Greens]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |0 | ||
| align=right| {{ | | align=right| {{steady}} 0 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 262: | Line 314: | ||
! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change | ! style="vertical-align:top;" |Change | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" | | ||
|[[Tribune Movement]] | |[[Tribune Movement]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |100 | ||
| align=right| {{increase}} | | align=right| {{increase}} 109 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" | | ||
|[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | |[[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |60 | ||
| align=right| {{increase}} | | align=right| {{increase}} 91 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | |[[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" |41 | | style="text-align:right;" |41 | ||
| align=right| {{decrease}} 112 | | align=right| {{decrease}} 112 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" | | ||
|[[Farmers and Workers Union]] | |[[Farmers and Workers Union]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |54 | ||
| align=right| {{ | | align=right| {{increase}} 2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | |[[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |15 | ||
| align=right| {{decrease}} | | align=right| {{decrease}} 20 | ||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" | | |||
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| style="text-align:right;" |0 | |||
| align=right| {{steady}} 0 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" | | ||
|[[Etrurian Greens]] | |[[Etrurian Greens]] | ||
| style="text-align:right;" | | | style="text-align:right;" |0 | ||
| align=right| {{ | | align=right| {{steady}} 0 | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Results == | == Results == | ||
=== Chamber of Representatives === | |||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right | |||
|colspan=6|[[File:2016CameraEt.png|center|300px]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2|Party | |||
!Votes | |||
!% | |||
!2016 result | |||
!+/- | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" | | |||
| [[Tribune Movement]] | |||
| 15,720,623 | |||
| 41.60% | |||
| {{Composition bar|317|680|hex=#961C1C}} | |||
| {{increase}} 272 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" | | |||
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | |||
| 8,773,653 | |||
| 23.70% | |||
| {{Composition bar|173|680|hex=#f25c19}} | |||
| {{increase}} 128 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | |||
| 4,364,111 | |||
| 11.79% | |||
| {{Composition bar|86|680|hex=#0087dc}} | |||
| {{decrease}} 211 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" | | |||
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]] | |||
| 3,232,636 | |||
| 12.36% | |||
| {{Composition bar|64|680|hex=#03386a}} | |||
| {{increase}} 2 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | |||
| 2,051,359 | |||
| 5.54% | |||
| {{Composition bar|40|680|hex=#d6418c}} | |||
| {{decrease}} 192 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" | | |||
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| 1,893,277 | |||
| 5.01% | |||
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}} | |||
| {{steady}} 4 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Greens]] | |||
| 999,771 | |||
| 2.70% <small>(below threshold)</small> | |||
| {{Composition bar|0|680|hex=#127a12}} | |||
| {{steady}} 0 | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== State Council === | |||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right | |||
|colspan=6|[[File:2016ConsiglioEt.png|center|300px]] | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2|Party | |||
!Votes | |||
!% | |||
!2016 result | |||
!+/- | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #961c1c;" | | |||
| [[Tribune Movement]] | |||
| 13,926,896 | |||
| 39.73% | |||
| {{Composition bar|134|290|hex=#961C1C}} | |||
| {{increase}} 106 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #f25c19;" | | |||
| [[Citizens' Alliance (Etruria)|Citizens' Alliance]] | |||
| 9,547,390 | |||
| 27.49% | |||
| {{Composition bar|80|290|hex=#f25c19}} | |||
| {{increase}} 61 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #0087dc;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Federalist Party]] | |||
| 4,716,390 | |||
| 13.58% | |||
| {{Composition bar|35|290|hex=#0087dc}} | |||
| {{decrease}} 92 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #03386a;" | | |||
| [[Farmers and Workers Union]] | |||
| 2,893,043 | |||
| 8.33% | |||
| {{Composition bar|24|290|hex=#03386a}} | |||
| {{decrease}} 2 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #d6418c;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Socialist Party]] | |||
| 2,045,621 | |||
| 5.89% | |||
| {{Composition bar|17|290|hex=#d6418c}} | |||
| {{decrease}} 82 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #ff0000;" | | |||
|[[Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale]] | |||
| 1,893,277 | |||
| 5.01% | |||
| {{Composition bar|4|680|hex=#ff0000}} | |||
| {{steady}} 4 | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="1" style="background: #127a12;" | | |||
| [[Etrurian Greens]] | |||
| 1,601,072 | |||
| 4.61% | |||
| {{Composition bar|0|290|hex=#127a12}} | |||
| {{steady}} 0 | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{Etruria elections}} | |||
[[Category:Etruria]] | [[Category:Etruria]] |
Latest revision as of 11:32, 25 April 2022
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All 690 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and All 290 seats in the State Council | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 83.09% ( 7.68pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A map presenting the results of the election, by party of the MP elected from each constituency. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Federal elections were held in the United Etrurian Federation for both houses of the Senate of the Federation on the 10 August 2016. All 680 and 290 members of the Chamber of Representatives and State Council respectively, were elected under a single non-transferable vote system in multi-member electoral districts.
The election saw the established two parties of the incumbent Etrurian Federalist Party, under President Andrea Salvini and the Etrurian Socialist Party, under Matteo Fernandio Paruta suffer their worst defeats in history. The Tribune Movement under Francesco Carcaterra won a landslide victory, securing a majority in both houses of the Senate, while the Citizens' Alliance under Gianluca Tozzo made strong gains. The Workers and Farmers Union, under Milan Vučković and the Etrurian Greens under Fernando De Micheli making some gains.
Francesco Carcaterra became President of Etruria the next day with a sizeable contigent in both houses of the federal legislature, however, the Tribune Movement fell short of a majority and entered into a coalition government with the Farmers and Workers Union. The coalition agreement had been made a week prior to polling day due to shared analysis of polls. The result also marked the first time a far-right populist political party had been elected into government since the functionalist era.
Electoral process
Background
At the last election, the Etrurian Federalist Party was returned to power with slight losses to the Citizens' Alliance and Tribune Movement in wake of President Emiliano Reali's declaration that Etruria would hold a referendum on membership of the Euclean Community back in 2012. The Etrurian Socialist Party also lost seats to the Tribune Movement, indicating a long-held belief of declining support for the established parties.
The failure of the Reali government to hold the referendum swiftly after the election further compounded the decline in support, with many noting the pacing had given extra oxygen and space to those opposing the referendum. Between 2013 and 2016, the Reali administration was hit by a series of minor corruption and personal scandals, which further damaged support.
When the EC membership referendum which took place between June and July 2016, the poor organisation and bitter infighting within the pro-EC camp (led jointly by the Federalist and Socialist parties) and major corruption scandals consuming the Reali government, ultimately played a key role in the No-campaign's (led by the Tribune Movement) dramatic victory on July 6, when 55.34% of voters rejected membership. President Reali resigned on July 7, being succeeded by Vice President Andrea Salvini.
The defeat of EC membership also caused resignations in the Socialist Party and the collapse in support for both parties, while the victorious Tribune Movement, absorbed numerous right-wing and far-right minor parties and demanded a general election. Under immense pressure and growing unpopularity, President Salvini announced a snap election would be held on August 10. Throughout the campaign, Salvini's government was rocked by sudden resignations and arrests over the sprawling Meraviglia Scandal, while support for the Tribune Movement and progressive Citizens' Alliance was growing.
Timetable
15 July | President Andrea Salvini announced his intention to dissolve the Senate and hold an election for the 10 August. |
16 July | Speaker of the Chamber of Representatives Pierluigi Grasso and Speaker of the State Council Mlatko Stepanovic accepts the President's request. |
19 July | Formal dissolution of the Senate; start of campaign period. |
30 July | Last day members of the public could register to vote. |
31 July | Last day in which members of the public could apply for proxy voting or postal voting. |
1 August | Last day for candidates to file nomination papers. Last day in which overseas voters can register to vote. |
10 August | Polling day |
15 August | New Senate assembled |
Parties
Party | Ideology | Political position | Leader | 2015 result (Chamber) | 2015 result (State Council) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etrurian Federalist Party | Liberal conservatism, pro-eucleanism | Centre-right | Andrea Salvini | 297 / 680
|
153 / 290
| |
Etrurian Socialist Party | Social democracy, pro-eucleanism | Centre-left | Matteo Fernandino Paruta | 232 / 680
|
35 / 290
| |
Farmers and Workers Union | Agrarianism, social conservatism, soft eucloskepticism | Centre-right | Milan Vučković | 61 / 680
|
52 / 290
| |
Citizens' Alliance | Liberalism, pro-eucleanism | Centre | Gianluca Tozzo | 45 / 680
|
11 / 290
| |
Tribune Movement | Right-wing populism, Etrurian nationalism, eucloskepticism | Far-right | Francesco Carcaterra | 45 / 680
|
11 / 290
| |
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale | Democratic socialism, Evolutionary socialism, Council socialism | Far-left | Elena Paparizou | 4 / 680
|
0 / 290
| |
Etrurian Greens | Eco-socialism, pro-eucleanism | Left | Fernando De Micheli | 0 / 680
|
0 / 290
|
Campaign
Citizens' Alliance
Etrurian Federalist Party
Etrurian Greens
Etrurian Socialist Party
Farmers and Workers Union
Tribune Movement
The Tribune Movement's campaign was fundamentally built upon the momentum it gained by leading the No-campaign to victory in the EC referendum. The party had produced a post-referendum electoral plan, both in defeat and victory. The “victory manifesto”, was championed as the “plan for rejuvenation” and sought to capitalise on the anti-EC and patriotic sentiment established during the campaign. The Tribunes also heightened their populist and anti-elite position by advocating vast reforms to the electoral system, judiciary, senate and powers of the executive. However, they would quickly focus on the corruption scandals engulfing both major parties and vowed to be the “party of justice and honesty.”
When the campaign began, the Tribunes were reportedly in the lead in all polls and saw gains with each drive on anti-corruption and anti-elitism. Throughout the campaign, senior Tribunes worked hard to establish a link between corruption and political centrism, attacking the Citizens’ Alliance as “equally centrist and equally criminal.”
The Tribunes presented a manifesto that promised to:
- Empower the people through democratic reforms, including the introduction of power of recall, local and state level referendums and the institutionalising of the Tribune Movement’s “Policy Forums.”
- “Fight the Hydra”, by launching the most powerful and audacious operation against corruption and organised crime, by utilising every tool of state.
- To expand healthcare access to the poorest citizens by introducing federally subsidised health insurance.
- To “restore national pride” through federal-backed festivities, patriotic events and “proper education of children.”
- To “restore morality and virtues of Etruria” to the people, through reformed education, renewed focus on family values and combatting secularism.
- To introduce a living wage and to fight the gig-economy in the most developed cities.
- To honour the referendum by “finally ending the elitist drive for national subordination to foreigners in Kesselbourg.”
Many commentators at the time noted that the Tribune’s campaign was well-run and organised, relying mostly on a vibrant and active grassroots movement. Unlike the other parties that centred much of their media efforts on the party leader, the Tribunes presented senior figures to the campaign trail, such as Gianfranco Galizia, Vittoria Vasari, Ettore Mantovano, Vitkor Robar and Tullio Quagliariello as much as leader Francesco Carcaterra.
The Tribunes also made the most extensive use of social media and mass rallies, developing an app for smartphones that alerted supporters to spontaneous meetings or electoral rallies. The Tribunes held the largest rally of an estimated 50,000 people near Poveglia.
Controversies
Opinion polls
Exit poll
Since the 2004 general election, Etruria's federal elections have only permitted one exit poll to be broadcast to voters when polls officially close at 22.00pm. This exit poll is a calculated average of all exit polls produced by broadcasters, pollsters and newspapers and distributed to media outlets by the Federal Electoral Office.
The 2016 poll entered controversy after falling far-short of the actual Tribune victory, in that it predicted a hung-parliament.
Chamber of Representatives
Parties | Seats | Change | |
---|---|---|---|
Tribune Movement | 302 | 257 | |
Citizens' Alliance | 135 | 90 | |
Etrurian Federalist Party | 100 | 197 | |
Farmers and Workers Union | 62 | 1 | |
Etrurian Socialist Party | 29 | 174 | |
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale | 4 | 0 | |
Etrurian Greens | 0 | 0 |
State Council
Parties | Seats | Change | |
---|---|---|---|
Tribune Movement | 100 | 109 | |
Citizens' Alliance | 60 | 91 | |
Etrurian Federalist Party | 41 | 112 | |
Farmers and Workers Union | 54 | 2 | |
Etrurian Socialist Party | 15 | 20 | |
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale | 0 | 0 | |
Etrurian Greens | 0 | 0 |
Results
Chamber of Representatives
Party | Votes | % | 2016 result | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tribune Movement | 15,720,623 | 41.60% | 317 / 680
|
272 | |
Citizens' Alliance | 8,773,653 | 23.70% | 173 / 680
|
128 | |
Etrurian Federalist Party | 4,364,111 | 11.79% | 86 / 680
|
211 | |
Farmers and Workers Union | 3,232,636 | 12.36% | 64 / 680
|
2 | |
Etrurian Socialist Party | 2,051,359 | 5.54% | 40 / 680
|
192 | |
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale | 1,893,277 | 5.01% | 4 / 680
|
4 | |
Etrurian Greens | 999,771 | 2.70% (below threshold) | 0 / 680
|
0 |
State Council
Party | Votes | % | 2016 result | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tribune Movement | 13,926,896 | 39.73% | 134 / 290
|
106 | |
Citizens' Alliance | 9,547,390 | 27.49% | 80 / 290
|
61 | |
Etrurian Federalist Party | 4,716,390 | 13.58% | 35 / 290
|
92 | |
Farmers and Workers Union | 2,893,043 | 8.33% | 24 / 290
|
2 | |
Etrurian Socialist Party | 2,045,621 | 5.89% | 17 / 290
|
82 | |
Etrurian Section of the Worker's Internationale | 1,893,277 | 5.01% | 4 / 680
|
4 | |
Etrurian Greens | 1,601,072 | 4.61% | 0 / 290
|
0 |