Champenia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Champenia (disambiguation).

Principality of Champenia Principauté de Champegnie (French) Sampânan Rænccicunta (Malay)
Motto:  "Aut vincere, aut mori" (Latin) "Truth or Death"
Anthem:  Chanson populaire (Chamorro) Popular Song
Location of  Champenia  (dark green) – in Borea  (green & grey) – in the Esquarian Community  (green) Location of  Champenia  (dark green) – in Borea  (green & grey) – in the Esquarian Community  (green)
Capital	Resnaille
Largest largest city	Siveaux
Official languages	French
Recognised national languages	Mespalian
Ethnic groups (2013)	95% Ceresnians 1.9% Cheranavians 1.6% Sloviacs 0.1% Refidis 0.1% Razarians 1.3% other
Demonym(s)	Champenian
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Alphons XIV
• Consul	Rafaël Loussier
Legislature	Parliament
Formation
• Cera	975
• Duchy of Cera	1178
• Tsardom of Ceresnia	1268
• Kingdom of Ceresnia	1342
• Union with Cheranavia	1 March 1413
• Grand Duchy of Ceresnia	3 August 1684
• Kingdom of Ceresnia	9 March 1782
• Ceresnian Commonwealth	23 May 1924
• Communist Ceresnia	1 August 1947
• Republic of Ceresnia	2 July 1989
• Joined the Esquarian Community	1 January 2000
Area
• Total	848,506 km2 (327,610 sq mi)
• Water (%)	7.4
Population
• 2012 estimate	35,748,101
• 2013 census	35,748,112
• Density	19/km2 (49.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$1.116 trillion
• Per capita	$29,825
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$426.824 billion
• Per capita	$10,859
Gini (2011)	32.4 medium
HDI (2015)	0.790 high
Currency	Couronne (CHC)
Time zone	ST+3
	ST+4 (DST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
ISO 3166 code	CH
Internet TLD	.ch

Champenia (Champenian: Campánia, Mespalian: Sampânæ), officially the Principality of Champenia (Champenian: Principado de Campánia, Mespalian: Sampânan Rænccicunta), is a sovereign state located in southeastern Nordania in Esquarium. It shares land borders with Mespalia to the east, x and Hagieria and Agrilan to the north with the exclave of Aquilia, and Eaeria to the west. It has maritime borders with Desena to the south across the Desenan Sea.

Inhabited since Neolithic times, the early inhabitants of Champenia were absorbed through intermarriage into the Latins, creating the ancestors of the modern Champenian peoples. The first political entities established by the proto-Champenians were small city states that grew out of traditional tribal lands and continued the numerous inter-tribal rivalries that had existed prior. A coalition of these city states successfully resisted attempts by the Latin Republic to subdue them during the invasion of Champenia in 44BC. A second invasion in 36BC was more successful and Champenia was absorbed into the Latin Republic.

Champenia became immensely wealthy during the Latin Republic era, as its fertile plains provided much of the grain that fed the empire. Substantial cultural development took place, including the establishment of the noble families which gained power and prestige in addition to wealth. The principality's official state religion, Saturnism, was introduced during this period, as well as one of it's key religions, Solarianism The end of the Latin Republic in the 4th century AD severely impacted Champenia as the noble families competed and fought with one another for wealth and power. The end of the Latin Republic essentially reverted Champenia back to the pre-Latin era. However, numerous noble families would establish their own princely states and continue to fight among themselves.

Oelians had migrated to Champenia during the Latin Republic era and had intermarried with the Latins and the native inhabitants, with this intermarriage believed to be the ethogenesis of the Champenian peoples. This continued into the warring principalities era in Champenian history, which lasted until 1400, when Prince Alphons I united all the principalities and established the Principality of Resnaille. The Principality of Resnaille became one of the wealthiest states in Conitia and drew the attention of Oelia, who wished to capitalise on the wealth being generated by Resnaille. In 1605, Oelia invaded Resnaille and annexed the principality, making it an exclave of Oelia.

Despite the reasonable treatment of the Champenians by Oelia, rising nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th century, spurred on by intellectuals and artists such as Valerio Fonseca da Villa and Mauricio Barros Ocampo eventually resulted in the outbreak of hostilities between Champenians and Oelians during a conflict concurrent with that of the Continental War. Oelia relinquished control of Champenia and granted its independence on September 5, 1918. Under a provisional authority which included a formerly exiled prince as head of state, Champenia set about drafting a constitution and establishing government institutions. However, emboldened by the lack of real authority of the provisional government, syndicalist rebels overthrew the provisional authority in January 1919 and established a syndicalist republic. The republic lasted between January 1919 and October 1920 when monarchists supported by Mespalia overthrew the syndicalists. Under a newer provisional authority, the Principality of Champenia was established on February 19, 1921. Between 1922 and 1973, Champenia was governed by a successive series of conservative governments supported by Mespalia in order to prevent the spread of communism and syndicalism by states such as Desena. Beginning in the early 1970's, Champenian society eventually began to demand more personal freedoms and civil liberties, and the successive liberal governments in the 1970's and the early 1980's facilitated one of the most substantial social revolutions in Conitia.

Champenia today is a modern, wealthy, industriualised nation with high civil liberties and personal freedoms. It is a member of the Organisation of Esquarian Nations, the Esquarian Community and the Latin Union.

Geography

Champenia is located in southeastern Conitia on the Hagierian Peninsular, which it shares along with five other countries. At approximately 296,257 square kilometres (114,385 square miles), Champenia is the second largest country on the peninsular and seventh largest in Conitia.

File:TerrasVermellas.jpg

Scenery in the Terras Vermellas.

Champenia can be divided into four broad general areas. Northern Champenia is largely composed of the narrow northern departments of Costa Norte and Norte Terras Vermellas which constitute the Champenian Panhandle, with the panhandle itself constituting the immediate land around the Negraua River, which empties into the Gulf of Aquil. The Negraua feeds a series of coastal wetlands called the humedal, which also expand into neighbouring Earia. These wetlands are the breeding grounds for numerous migratory birds and provide the habitats for numerous mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, and amphibians, with the delta of the Negraua considered a part of these wetlands. The land around the Negraua is prone to flooding during the wet season, as the river swells up with rainfall accumulated at its headwaters.

Further inland, the terrain becomes rolling with small, seasonal rivers and lakes among it. The soil in this region is rich in iron oxide, giving the soil a reddish colour, which lends itself to the name Terras Vermellas, the Champenian name for this region. The Terras Vermellas is only small, extending between the northern subtropical forests and the humedal to the Cadea de Sol in the centre of the country. This area is primarily given over to agriculture, with large open ranches that have cleared out most of the forests that once covered this area. Many rivers feed through the Terres Rouges, including numerous tributaries of the Negraua. Southern areas form the northern foothills of the Cadea de Sol, where the terrain becomes increasingly rugged and rocky. In the west, along the border with Earia, is an area of Champenia known as the Mar de Palmeiras. It lies in a broad and very shallow basin with the bottom only a few metres below sea level. The Mar de Palmeiras constitutes the only surviving remnants of the once widespread palm savanna forests and is one of Champenia's largest protected areas.

Northeastern Champenia is located on the southwestern shores of the Mespalian Gulf and is the location of two of Champenia's Grandes Baías: the Baía de Ouro in the southeast and the neighbouring Baía de delfines, which is shared with Mespalia. This region is the location of some of the best beaches in Champenia, including the famous Area Divina, known for its pure white sand. Many resorts can be found in the northeast, including Mar de Estrelas, notable for its proximity to the Outeiros Virides, a series coastal hills that end just inside the northern border of Champenia.

Scenery in the Cadea de Sol.

The Cadea de Sol dominates most of central Champenia and it is here where the highest peaks can be found. Much of the terrain here is rugged and rocky and at the highest elevations, there is considerably less vegetation. The mountains were formed from ancient basalt flows from volcanic and seismic activities in what was a weak point in the crust, with some of the oldest rocks in Conitia found here. Erosion has played a significant part in shaping the landscape, with wind and rain taking off the topmost layers of rock and forming numerous mountain streams. O Altar is the highest peak in the Cadea de Sol at 2,317 metres (7,601 feet). Because of their altitude, the Cadea de Sol is covered in different types of vegetation to the lower areas.

Southern Champenia is composed of mostly the southern foothills of the Cadea de Sol and the coastal plains on the coast of the Desenan Sea. The coastal plains are mainly alluvial in nature and fan out from the mountains in the northeast and north. The remainder of Champenia's Grandes Baías can be found along the southern coast, including the Baía Azur in the southeast. Here is the location of many of Champenia's most famous beaches, including Praia Leste, which is separated from the city of x by the Lagoa Fermosa. The plains become more open further west.

The Negraua River is the longest in Champenia, with its origins in the northeastern Cadea de Sol. It flows northwest through the drier interior of northern Champenia and into the northern plains before flying through the Champenian Panhandle and emptying into the Gulf of Aquil. The river is named for its sometimes black water, which it acquires downriver as it flows through the Terras Vermellas. The high oxide content of the river sediment, along with leaf litter washed into the river, contributes to the dark colour of the water, although the water itself is clear.

Climate

Owing to its position in the lower subtropics, Champenia experiences a largely subtropical climate. However, the climate differs between northern Champenia and southern Champenia, with northern areas firmly under the influence of a subtropical climate and southern areas under the influence of a more tropical climate.

Northern Champenia experiences a subtropical climate that is cooler and more prone to monsoonal rains owing to the blocking effect of the Cadea de Sol. The moisture-laden trade winds blowing north from Nautasia are blocked by the Cadea del Sol, and as a result, very little rain falls from the south. Conversely, during the winter months, cooler winds from the north blow south into the Gulf of Aquil, bringing with them northern lows that intensify in the warmer waters. This results in large amounts of rainfall falling within the winter months, substantially more than during the remainder of the year, leading to the monsoonal nature of the climate. Flooding regularly occurs during the wet season. Temperatures during year here vary more between the warmest and coolest months than they do in southern Champenia. High temperatures during summer months average 31°C and average 18°C in the winter. Low temperatures can fall into single digits in parts, but rarely fall to freezing or below. Low temperatures average 20°C in summer and 11°C in the winter.

The interior of northern Champenia experiences a humid subtropical climate with a more pronounced difference between the wet and dry seasons as well as higher temperatures during summer. Higher elevations produce cooler temperatures in winter months. The dry season in the northern interior lasts between April and September, with the wet season lasting between October and March. The hottest temperatures are reached during the dry season, with average temperatures reaching 32°C during summer months. Temperatures can exceed 40°C in the right conditions. Humidity during the dry is reduced considerably by southerly winds blowing across the Cadea de Sol, and these persistent and hot winds often create perfect conditions for wildfires. Conversely, the wet season is marked by an increase in humidity, a decrease in temperatures and more persistent, cooler, northerly winds. Average temperatures during the wet season reach 18°C during most days, and rarely fall below 5°C. Rainfall is highest during this period, with January often being the wettest month of the year, as storms and weather fronts move in from the north.

Northeastern Champenia on the western and southwestern coast of the Mespalian Gulf is substantially different from the rest of the north, as the Outeiros Virides often block the northerly winds during the wet season. In addition, the coast faces east towards the Central Ocean and northern Ainin. Like elsewhere in northern Champenia, the northeast experiences a wet season and a dry season, although rainfall falls throughout the year. The dry season occurs during the same months with average temperatures reaching 30°C during the summer. Rainfall during the summer is sporadic and principally occurs in the few thunderstorms which occur in the Mespalian Gulf. These thunderstorms often bring cooler temperatures afterwards, bringing relief from the hot afternoons. The wet season brings a more persistent easterly and northeasterly flows with increased humidity and rainfall. Temperatures during this period are much cooler, averaging 16°C.

A thunderstorm off the coast of southern Champenia.

Central Champenia, especially in the higher elevations of the Cadea de Sol, experiences a subtropical highland climate. It is characterised by being significantly cooler and much more pleasant than the climates in the lowlands. There are differences in the climate, especially when it comes to rainfall, with northern slopes experiencing more seasonal rainfall than the southern slopes, which are exposed to the continual rain-bearing systems that come from the more tropical southern latitudes. Summers are considered pleasant, with average daily temperatures of around 23°C and average high temperatures of 26°C. Winters are cooler, with average daily temperatures of 15°C and lows of 11°C. Single figures are somewhat common during winter months, with frosts occurring in sheltered areas in many of the high elevations. Snow sometimes falls if temperatures are low enough, and cities located within the Cadea de Sol will sometimes get snow flurries.

Southern Champenia, by contrast, has a tropical monsoon climate owing to the coast's exposure to the trade winds and warm ocean currents from the northeastern Lazarene Sea. The climate shares similar characteristics to the savannah climate found in the interior, but is often much more wetter with less of a distinction between wet and dry seasons, as the coast is often exposed to the moisture-laden weather systems that originate from the Lazarene Sea. In addition, the Cadea de Sol often traps these systems, leading to extended periods of heavy or torrential rain during the wet season. This often contributes to severe flooding, which often threatens Champenia's largest cities, as the southern coastal plains are the most densely populated. Summers in the southern coast are often hot and humid, and fall within the dry season. Daily temperatures average 30°C during these months, and reach highs of 32°C or more. During the summer, thunderstorms develop off the coast of southern Champenia owing to the differences in temperature between the land and sea, as well as nearly continual unstable air masses at high altitudes. These thunderstorms are pushed inland by sea breezes and sometimes stall on the southern slopes of the Cadea de Sol, creating localised torrential rain and flooding. The wet season brings increased rainfall and cooler temperatures, although this is mitigated by the constant humidity. Temperatures during this period average 21°C during the day, with minimum temperatures averaging 19 °C.

The highest official temperature in Champenia is 43.4°C, which was observed at a weather station near x, in central Terras Vermellas, on July 19, 1985. Champenia's lowest recorded temperature is -12.6°C, which was observed near Terraxeo in the northern Cadea de Sol on January 27, 1995.

Government

Champenia is a unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy. The roles of the Prince, the Prime Minister, the Parliament and the judiciary are outlined in the principality's founding document, the Constitution of 1920. In addition, the Constitution of 1920 outlines the rights and privileges enjoyed by the citizens of Champenia.

The Prince of Champenia (Príncipe de Campánia) is the ruling monarch of the principality and functions as the head of state. Although officially it is a constitutional monarchy, the Prince retains substantial political powers. According to the 1920 Constitution, the Prince appoints and removes the Prime Minister as well as the Prime Minister's cabinet, can dissolve Parliament and represents the Principality on most official business. The Prince also has full authority in the courts that render justice in their name. The Prince can also issue edicts which are considered to be equal to that of legislation passed in Parliament. All legislation that is passed by Parliament must be approved by the Prince. The incumbent monarch is Diexo XIV, who has ruled the country since September 24, 2014.

The Prime Minister of Champenia (Pimeiro Ministro) is the head of government of Champenia. The role of the Prime Minister is daily governance of Champenia in areas where the Prince does not have direct control as well as set government policy. The Prime Minister is formally appointed by the Prince to their office and officially serves "at the pleasure" of the reigning monarch. Theoretically this mean a Prime Minister's term is indefinite as they can serve through multiple different election cycles. However, in practice, the leader of the largest party or coalition in the unicameral Estates General is usually appointed to the office, making the Prime Minister an indirectly elected official. The Prime Minister makes recommendations to the Prince for members of the Cabinet of Ministers who are then appointed by the Prince. Ricardo Caldeira Torres is the incumbent Prime Minister, having been appointed to the office on September 1, 2012.

The Estates General (Estados Xerais) is the unicameral legislature of Champenia. It's primary role is the draft, debate, amendment, and passing of legislation introduced inside the Estates. In addition, members of the Estates General can launch parliamentary inquiries, with the powers to investigate a range of things and make recommendations to the government. Members of the Estates General can impeach members of the Cabinet of Ministers as well as the Prime Minister. The Estates General is composed of 140 members who are elected to renewable three year terms.

The Crown Council (Consello de Coroa) is a separate body from the Estates General that advises the Prince and the Prime Minister on matters of state. It is composed of the Prince, the Prime Minister, relevant cabinet ministers and all 16 presidents of Champenia's generalities. The primary function of the Crown Council is to advise the Prince on government policies and proposed legislation. In addition, the Crown Council forms one of the few opportunities for regional presidents to petition the Prince and Prime Minister directly regarding issues in the generalities. The Crown Council has an additional function of being the supreme appellate court for administrative justice. When appropriate, the Crown Council advises the Prince on matters regarding the constitution, should the Prince be required to make decisions in lieu of a ruling from the Supreme Court or if the Constitution is being amended.

Elections

Elections in Champenia are held every three years for members of the Estates General and five years for local body politicians. Eligibility to vote and to stand as a candidate is determined by the Electoral Law of 1924.

In order to be able to vote, a person must meet the following criteria: ⦁ be of voting age (16) or over on the day of the election ⦁ have a valid Voter Identification Card (Tarxeta de Identificación Electoral, TIE) ⦁ must be a Champenian citizen, a citizen of a member state of the Esquarian Community, or have permanent residency ⦁ must be enrolled to vote on the National Registry of Voters (Rexistro Nacional de Electores, RNE) ⦁ must not be disqualified to vote through certain crimes or through lack of residency or citizenship

The laws surrounding voting apply to both general and local elections.

Candidates for elections are bound by similar laws. Electoral law states that candidates wishing to stand for election nationally or locally must be a minimum of 25 years of age, to have a valid address, be a Champenian citizen, and not have a criminal record or serious illness.

Elections for the Estates General use first past the post voting to determine who wins seats, with candidates winning the most votes winning the seats. The party with the most seats has the ability to form government. If several parties are represented, and the party with the largest number of seats cannot govern alone, then the largest party must form a coalition with smaller parties in order to reach a majority and thus, be able to govern. Parties determine leadership through closed primaries, where party members and delegates from regional party branches attend a conference in order to vote on party leaders.

Local body elections differ according to the electoral bodies. Elections for general councils and local assemblies function similarly to general elections in that the voting system remains the same, and the power to govern is achieved by winning the most seats. At communal levels and in urban prefectures, ranked voting is used to determine who wins the mayoralty and who fills seats on councils or city assemblies. Local elections are partisan, the same as national elections, and candidates are selected through meetings of local party branches.

Judiciary

The judiciary in Champenia operates under civil law, with the Civil Code of Champenia (Código Civil de Campánia) providing the basis for applications of laws in the court system. In most instances, jurors are not used as part of the deliberation process in the application of law. However, jurors are used when dealing with the most severe criminal cases.

Champenia has two types of courts: common courts, which handle civil and criminal cases, and administrative courts which investigate and monitor government conduct and investigate complaints made against central and local government. In addition, the court system has three tiers, split between inferior, superior and final courts.

Inferior courts (tribunais inferiores) are courts where cases of criminal and civil litigation are brought before a panel of judges. These are further divided based on the severity of the criminal cases being brought before the courts or the importance of the civil litigation being heard. Minor crimes and minor civil disputes are heard in communal courts, which handle the majority of legal cases and litigation in Champenia. Although a panel of up to four judges may hear cases, most communal courts require only one judge.

District courts (tribunais de distrito) handle most criminal and litigation cases, with at least one court present in every department where possible. District courts handle some of the more severe criminal cases as well as most civil cases involving large sums of money. In addition, cases where minors have committed crimes and family courts are also handled by district courts. Here most cases are tried before a panel of judges, with mandatory legal representation.

General courts (tribunais xerais) handle the most severe criminal cases and the largest civil suits. For criminal cases, a panel of four judges and ten jurors hear the case. Civil suits are normally heard by a panel of judges. General courts are also the lowest appellate courts and can hear appeals from district courts. If decisions cannot be reached, the cases are referred onto appeals courts.

The Court of Cassation (Tribunal de Casación) is the highest legal court in Champenia. It hears all appeals cases and rules according to interpretations of the law as stated in the Civil Code. Judgments are made by a panel of five judges appointed by the Prince. Judges hear appeals of civil and criminal cases and determine judgments based on the laws being applied.

Law Enforcement

Law enforcement in Champenia is primarily the responsibility of the National Police (Polícia Nacional), whose function is to maintain law and order within Champenia. The National Police enforces laws within most of Champenia's cities and urban areas, as well as investigate criminal activity. It is the largest law enforcement agency in Champenia, with approximately 32,350 personnel, including sworn officers and civilian administrators. The National Police is a child agency of the Ministry of Police, and is broadly overseen by the Minister of Police.

Many localities also have local police, who are formally organised under the broad control of the Ministry of Police. In practice, local police are organised by individual [[Communes of Champenia|communes}} who provide funding, facilities, uniforms and vehicles for local police services. Local police have similar powers to National Police in that they can investigate criminal activities and maintain law and order, as well as enforce national and local laws. However, they have limited powers of detention and will often hand those who have been detained over to the National Police. In addition, local police often support National Police during large public events and in emergency situations.

The Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) is an agency under the auspices of the Ministry of the Interior that largely provides public security in Champenia and therefore has limited law enforcement powers. The Civil Guard functions similarly to a gendarmerie elsewhere, but it is not part of the armed forces. In accordance with its public security function, the Civil Guard provides security at major public events as well as at important government installations and security at all ports of entry. It also acts as Champenia's border guard, cooperating with the National Customs Servcie (Servicio Nacional de Aduanas), provides secure prisoner transport, and engages in counter terrorism intelligence and operations. While not directly part of the armed forces, certain members of the Civil Guard receive military training, especially those who are part of the agency's counter terrorism unit.

Other government agencies with limited law enforcement powers include the Royal Coast Guard, the National Customs Service, the National Agency for Taxes and Revenue, and the Royal Parks Service.

Administrative Divisions

Champenia is a unitary state with some devolved powers granted to first, second and third levels of government. The current tiers of government were established in the 1920 Constitution and the powers and responsibilities of local government are also outlined in the Constitution.

Champenia is divided into 16 xeneralidade, each governed by an elected assembly known as a general council (consello xeral). The main roles of general councils are to promote business and economic development, public transport planning, management of transport infrastructure assets such as airports and ports, construction and maintenance of primary and secondary schools, management of historical sites and buildings, and developing regional environmental regulations and planning. Xeneralidade cooperate with central government in order to provide government services to the residents and often services such as education, healthcare, and welfare are jointly provided using staff and funding from central and regional levels of government. The number of elected councilors differs according to the population of the xeneralidade, ranging from 16 members in Alto Campánia to over 100 members in some of the larger councils. Each council is headed by President, who serves as the executive of the general council.

The regions of Champenia are further divided into departments (departamentos), of which there are 126 in total. Departments are a further devolution of the regions and have their own set of responsibilities and powers. In addition to the similar powers bestowed on the regions by the Constitution, departments have further additional powers and responsibilities. These include, but are not limited to, the promotion of tourism, the provision of child and maternal welfare services, financial aid to businesses, the management of local archives and all public libraries, and the planning and construction of social housing. The numbers of departments within a xeneralidade vary substantially, from Alto Campánia having two departments to Costa de Ouro having 36. As with regions, departments are governed by an elected assembly, called local assemblies (asembleas locais). Prior to the Bureaucracy Law of 2014, local assemblies had the numbers of elected members determined in the same manner as regional councils. Local assemblies now have a set limit on the seats of the assembly, with councils allowed no more than 20 seats. A prefect (prefecto) serves as the executive of the assembly.

The lowest level of internal government in Champenia is the commune (comuna). There are approximately 506 communes in Champenia. Each commune is composed of either a city below a certain population size or a general rural area composed of small villages and hamlets. Communes provide services such as public transport, especially in larger urban areas, and utilities such as sewage, water, and waste management. Communes are usually run by a local council, either as a communal council for rural areas, or as a city council for urban areas. Council sizes vary according to population and, in the case of rural councils, composition. Urban councils are headed by a mayor, who serves as the council executive. Rural councils are either composed of elected mayors of villages, or representatives from the settlements located within the commune.

Furthermore, there are two additional administrative divisons that are found within Champenia. The largest and most important of these is the urban prefecture (prefectura urbana), which is a large urban agglomeration with the combined powers of communes and departments. Urban prefectures are based on the borders of continuous urban areas of major cities and thus can sometimes be the size of departments in terms of population and geographic area. Cities must have a continuous urban population of over 100,000 inhabitants in order reach the status of urban prefecture. Although most of these urban prefectures serve as the administrative capitals of regions, having a region's administrative offices, bodies and government organs does not automatically render a city an urban prefecture. Currently there are 12 urban prefectures in Champenia. Urban prefectures are governed by city assemblies, with the mayor serving as the executive of these assemblies.

The second of the additional administrative divisions are quarters (barrios), which are found exclusively within cities. Quarters serve no real purpose other than to serve as designations for geographic areas of cities as well as voting districts for local body elections. Quarters may found their own local deliberative bodies, but these have no administrative or legislative powers and chiefly function as methods for local communities to raise issues with city assemblies.

Military

The Royal Armed Forces (Forzas Armadas Reais) are the armed forces of Champenia. It is composed of three branches, the Royal Army (Exército Real), the Royal Navy (Mariña Real) and the Royal Air Force (Exército do Aire). Currently the armed forces is composed of a total of 109,559 personnel, with 45,185 active personnel and 64,374 reserve personnel. As of June 2018, the annual military budget was approximately $11.3 billion, or 1.2% of GDP.

The Royal Armed Forces are a professional military force, as conscription was abolished in 2003. Champenian personnel have been deployed to numerous peacekeeping operations as part of Champenia's commitments to the Esquarian Community.

Demographics

According to the 2016 Census, Champenia has a population of just over 30 million people. Population growth has been steady in the decade between 2006 and 2016, averaging 1.3% annually. Like other developed countries, Champenia is experiencing an increase in the average age of its population. The average age is 32.4 years, below the average for Conitia.

Census statistics and demographic information is the responsibility of the National Bureau of Statistics (Oficina Nacional de Estatísticas, ONES), which conducts a national census every five years.

Ethnicities

Champenia is considered to have a multi-ethnic society, although the ethnic composition of its society is almost universally composed of Conitian people groups. The Fifteenth Amendement to the Constitution recognises the existing Conitian people groups inhabiting Champenia and affords them protections from discrimination as well as for culture and language.

Ethnic Champenians are the largest of the groups at 70.2% of the populations. Champenians are ethnically mixed themselves, having become descendants from the Latin Republic and the native peoples that lived in Champenia prior to the invasion and annexation by the Latin Republic. Champenians share similar halotypes and genes to other Conitian ethnic groups.

Mespalians are the second largest people group in Champenia at 15.4% of the population. Mespalians are a Nevanic group that migrated into Mespalia in 1500BC. They predominantly live in eastern Champenia, mainly in the Cadea de Sol as well as in southeastern generalities. Substantial communities also live in Arausio and Montecalvo. Mespalians were subject to years of discrimination, especially under the Lugo dictatorship, as well as during the conservative era. They were recognised as a people group under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution in 1992.

Eaerians are the third largest people group in Champenia with 6.5% of the population. Eaerians predominantly inhabit western Champenia and have lived in the region since antiquity. Like Mespalians, they were subject to centuries of discrimination until they were recognised as a people group under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.

Just over one million Ássorians call Champenia home, approximately 3.5% of the Champenian population. Unlike the majority of other groups in Champenia, Ássorians are not a separate ethnicity but rather a combination of ethnic groups. The majority of Ássorians in Champenia are mestizo, of mixed ancestry between white Champenian settlers and black Nautasians who inhabited the islands. Approximately 25% of Ássorians in Champenia are castizo, or "pure" Conitians descended from the earliest settlers in the islands. Five percent of Ássorians are black Nautasians. Many of the Ássorians are immigrants to Champenia, with 45% of the Ássorians born in Ássoras. The remainder are either second, third, or fourth generation who have predecessors who emigrated to Champenia. Black and mestizo Ássorians were discriminated against by conservative Champenian governments right up until the early 1970's, when changes in attitudes towards them drove government reform.

Hagierians and Agrilians constitute 2.3% and 1.8% of the population respectively. They form a plurality of the population in Champenia's northern regions, particularly in Alto Campánia. As with other Conitian minorities in Champenia, Hagierians and Agrilians were the subject of discrimination. Approximately 65% of the current population are immigrants or refugees who fled ethnic violence in Hagieria and Agrilan in latter part of the 20th century, with many settling in with already existing Hagierian and Agrilian communities in Champenia.

Less than one percent of Champenians are classified as other ethnicities. Approximately 55% of this group are Arabs, many of whom are either refugees from eastern Nautasia or economic migrants. Around a quarter of this group are black Nautasians, who arrived in Champenia through the same avenues as Arabs. The remainder are various ethnic groups from Borea, who are also principally economic migrants, as well as diplomatic staff. Most of these people inhabit southern Champenia, principally in the major centres such as Arausio and Montecalvo.

Languages

Between the 1920's and the 1980's, the Champenian government promoted the use of Champenian over many regional languages. Often the use of languages other than Champenian was restricted or prohibited entirely in many government institutions, especially in public schools. Regulations against the use of regional languages were progressively lifted during the 1990's, with generalities able grant local languages official status within that generality. Progress has been made to preserve these languages and promote their use locally, with many Champenians now bilingual or trilingual.

Champenian is the official language of Champenia. It was made the sole official language in 1924 when the Law on Champenian Languages was signed into law. It is still the sole official language throughout all of Champenia. Being proficient in Champenian is one of the principal requirements in order to obtain Champenian citizenship. It is spoken as a first language by 75% of the population and as a second language by the remaining 12.5% of the population. Barely a portion of a percentage don't speak Champenian either as a second language or at all.

French is the second most widely spoken language in Champenia. French has been an important second language in Champenia for centuries as Champenia has had close trade and diplomatic ties with Ainin. French has been included in education of mainly privileged Champenians and was included as a compulsory part of the primary and secondary curriculum in 1995. Approximately 47.5% of Champenians speak French as a second language and a further 15.6% as a third language.

Mespalian is the third most widely spoken language, with 13.9% of the population speaking it as a first language and 17.8% speaking it as a second language. Mespalian was one of the regional languages targeted by the government for restrictions on where it could be used and spoken. Mespalian speakers became the face of the movement to remove the restrictions on regional languages. Currently Mespalian is recognised as a regional language by the government and is an official language in three generalities.

Assori is spoken by 3.7% of Champenians as a first language and 9.3% of people as a second language, making it the third most spoken language in Champenia. Assori is a Romance language and is one of the fastest growing languages in Champenia among learners of second languages. It is considered to be a descendant of Champenian and the commonality of the languages is considered to be one of the main factors in the growing popularity.

Vehoric is the fifth most widely spoken language in Champenia. Around 4.5% Vehoric as a first language, with 4.8% speaking it as a second language. Vehoric is not a popular second language, with its speakers largely being limited to the Las Palmeiras generality. Efforts have been made by the regional governments in western Champenia preserve and promote the language there.

Hagierian and Agrilian are often combined together by the National Bureau of Statistics (ONES) due to the similarities between languages. Combined, both languages are spoken by around 2.9% of the population and an additional 4.7% speaking either as a second language.

The Natinal Bureau of Statistics classifies all other languages as those which are too small to be mentioned separately. Of these languages, the largest is Arabic, which is spoken by just 0.11% of the population. However, 1.3% of Champenians, or just over 360,000 people, speak it as a second language. The remainder of first and second languages are composed of several different languages.

Religion

Officially Champenia is a secular state according to the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution, which was ratified on January 19, 1942. Champenia is considered to be a very spiritual nation with 82.8% of the population identified as believing in some form of religion or spirituality.

Saturnism is the largest religion in Champenia, with 45.7% of Champenians identifying as Saturnists. Champenia is home to one of the seven Great Pontificates; the Pontificate of Montecalvo serving as the overarching Saturnist authority within Champenia. According to the Pontificate of Montecalvo, Champenia is divided between 53 ordinariates largely based around historical boundaries that have no relation to those of Champenia's administrative divisions. The absolute majority of Champenia's 21 million Saturnists are Dominionists, with around three percent identifying as x. Champenia celebrates much of the same religious holidays as other Saturnist nations. The Saturnalia is Champenia's most important holiday in Champenia and lasts for five days, beginning with the Day of Rage (Día de Rabia), colloquially known as la Rabia, and finishing with the Day of Thanks (Día de Grazas), a private feast and gift giving day for families to spend time together. This gradually replaced the Caristia as the principal family gathering in Champenia. The Parentalia is an important religious holiday in Champenia. Instead of lasting nine days, it lasts for three, beginning with the Feast of the Dead (Festa dos Mortos), where family members visit the graves of relatives and leave offerings of food and drink at the graves before dining at cemeteries or familial burial plots. The festival ends with the Limpeza, an exorcism where the head of the family removes malevolent ghosts and spirits from the home. The rites performed include the cleansing of family members by rubbing them with eggs and blowing tobacco smoke on them, in addition to banging pots and pans to scare the ghosts and spirits away.

Solarianism, alternatively referred to as the Cult of the Sun, is the second largest religion in Champenia, with 36.9% of Champenians identifying as Solarians. Solarianism arose in the late 3rd century CE as a cult worshiping Sol, one of the gods in the Latin pantheon. Originally a patron of soldiers, Sol Invictus, known to Solarians as Sol Liberalis, was essentially reinvented as an agrarian god who blessed farmers and peasants with sun for good harvests. Sol Liberalis was considered to be the giver and remover of life and food, as droughts would often see crops wither and livestock die of thirst. Sacrifices and offerings to Sol Liberalis were offered to ward off droughts or bad harvests. Unlike other religions, the beliefs and philosophies of Solarians was never codified in text, with communities and families free to worship as they please. Few doctrines exist, and those that do exist often promote environmental harmony and non-violence, as well as humility, charity, and self-reliance. Solarianism is the only other major religion in Champenia to have religious holidays included as statutory holidays, with the Natalis Invicti, known in Champenia as the Natalia, celebrated on December 25. The Natalia concludes a week of holidays and festivities known as the Week of Joy (Semana de Ledicia).

Approximately 17.2% of the population is irreligious. People who do not identify with any religion or spiritual belief are increasing substantially to the point where they are the fastest growing religious demographic. The increase is especially seen among youth, where around 30% of individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 are irreligious.

Just 0.2% of the population adhere to some other religion, principally Islam, Irwaz and other Nautasian religions.

Education

Education in Champenia is free and compulsory between the ages of 6 and 16. It is regarded as one of the better education systems in Conitia. Currently the Champenian government has an annual education budget of approximately ₱2.5 trillion ($17.32 billion) and annual expenditures of ₱6.4 trillion ($43.59 billion), around 4.3% of GDP. The total literacy rate is 96.9%. Some 930,000 people in Champenia are functionally illiterate.

Formal education in Champenia begins at age six, although children can spend up to two years in what are known as preparatory schools (escolas preparatorias) in which prepare children between the ages of four and six for school life. Primary education lasts between the ages of six and 14, with students split between different grades throughout primary and secondary school.

Secondary school begins at age 15 and continues on until age 18, although 16 is the age at which a student can legally finish school with parental permission. Secondary education is split between academic-oriented schools known as academies (academias), and technical schools (escolas técnicas) for practical and scientific studies. Students graduating from primary and middle schools sit admissions tests in order to be able to enter into their preferred school of choice. In order to finish secondary school, students must sit a series of final exams in order to receive the baccalaureate (bacharelato) before they can enter university. Approximately 80.4% of people in Champenia have attained a high school diploma.

There are 41 universities and 65 polytechnics in Champenia. Unlike primary and secondary schools, universities and polytechnics are either administered by the state or are private institutions. Universities offer academic and mostly scientific courses with limited technical courses. Polytechnics are more technical in nature and provide most of the practical courses. As with other tertiary education systems, universities and polytechnics offer three academic degrees; licence (licenza), master (máster), and {{wpl|doctorate]] (doutorado). Approximately 47.8% of Champenians have attained some form of post-secondary qualification.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Champenia is provided largely by the government through the Public Health Service (Servizo de Saúde Pública, SSP) and through private healthcare and health insurance companies. According to data from the Ministry of Public Health, around 71% of Champenians are covered by the public health system and the remaining 29% are covered by private sector. Champenia spends approximately ₱12.51 trillion ($84.348 billion) on healtcare, around 8.9% of GDP and about ₱417,088 ($2,810) per person per year. Life expectancy in Champenia is an average of 81.9 years; 84.7 for women and 79.1 for men.

Public healthcare is provided over a series of public hospitals, medical centres and specialist clinics administered directly or in part by the Public Health Service. The Public Health Service was founded in 1956 as an administrative body for the major hospitals and health centres in Champenia. It administers the majority of hospitals and medical centres in the country and provides the bulk of the hospital staff. It also provides teaching staff for Champenia's three university hospitals. The public health system is primarily single payer with the government providing the bulk of the funding to ensure hospital treatments and pharmaceuticals, with public insurance plans providing the bulk of healthcare coverage. Insurance plans in the public and private sphere must cover emergency medical transportation, hospital treatments and stays as well as rehabilitation if required. Specialist care is usually subsidised.

Private healthcare in Champenia is usually provided by charities, insurance companies or individuals providing specialist care, such as orthodontists and chiropractors. These often operate on a for-profit basis. Many of Champenia's private hospitals and medical centres are owned by private insurance companies, and although they have an obligation to provide emergency care to all people, companies often limit admittance to customers who have insurance policies with their companies.

Emergency medical services are the primary responsibility of the generalities, with each generality able to contract services either to the central government, provide services themselves, or contract it to private companies. Two government agencies, the Emergency Medical and Rescue Assistance Service (Servicio de Asistencia Médica de Urxencia e Rescate, SAMUR), and the Champanian Emergency Service (Servicio de Urxencias de Campánia, SUC), provide the bulk of emergency medical services. The Directorate of Civil Defence (Dirección de Protección Civil, DIPOC) also provides emergency medical services in support of government agencies and private healthcare providers. It is also the primary provider of emergency medical air transport and air ambulances. Most of the funding to provide emergency medical services comes from both central and local government, and it is illegal in Champenia to charge patients for emergency transportation and treatment.